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Chapter 4, Notes Part 2Chapter 4, Notes Part 2

Greek CityGreek City--StatesStates

SpartaSparta &&AthensAthens

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SpartaSparta Military StateMilitary State

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In Search

ofThe PerfectThe Perfect

Cheer!Cheer!

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EASTLAKEEASTLAKE

HIGHHIGHSCHOOLSCHOOL

Go Spartans!Go Spartans!

Myname is

CraigI give good

hugsYou're not my

friend

Ifyou do drugs

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Like manyGreek city-

states, SpartaSpartaneeded moreneeded morelandland

It gained landgained landthroughthrough

conquestconquest ofthe neighboringLaconians and

Messenians.

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These peoplesbecame serfs who

worked for theSpartans.

They werecalled helotshelots,from theGreek forcapture.capture.

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Spartan WarriorSpartan Warrior

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Military system based

on hopliteshoplites = InfantryInfantry

who carried shield,who carried shield,sword & spearsword & spear

They fought

shoulder toshoulder in a

phalanxformation

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Spartan

Hoplite

Phalanx

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Video: Spartan WarriorsVideo: Spartan Warriors

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Spartan WomenSpartan Women

Only in Spartadid girls receive

public educationin other city-states most

women werecompletely

illiterate.

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Strength ofStrength of

Spartan WomenSpartan Women

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Only in Sparta were girls allowed toengage in sportengage in sport.

Only in Sparta did women possesseconomic powereconomic power and influence.

Scandalized observers from otherGreek cities commented that not only

did Spartan women have opinionsSpartan women have opinions theywere not afraid to voice in public, ANDtheir husbands actually listened to

them!

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Spartan Lifestyle: Military StateSpartan Lifestyle: Military State

Stayed in the army until 60

Women & men lived apart

Women expected to remainfit to bear & raise healthy

children Men expected to be brave

in battle, to win or be killed

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Spartan Government: OligarchySpartan Government: Oligarchy

Two kings who led the Spartan armyTwo kings who led the Spartan army

Five men known as ephors wereresponsible for the youths education

and the citizens conduct. A council of two kings and 28 men

over 60 years of age decided on the

issues the assembly would vote on. The assembly did not debate, but only

voted.

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DISCUSSION ?DISCUSSION ?

Sparta kept its strict disciplineSparta kept its strict disciplinein part by closing itself offin part by closing itself off

from outside influences andfrom outside influences and

new ideas.new ideas.

Why was doing so important toWhy was doing so important tomaintaining their authoritarianmaintaining their authoritariansociety?society?

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Possible Answer:Possible Answer:

Being open to new andforeign ideas and

influences could be abasis for criticizing

society and the

government.

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AthenianAthenian

DemocracyDemocracy

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ATHENSATHENS

Pericles giving his

famous

Funeral Oration

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Athens: Birthplace of Democracy

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Athenian revolt ends the tyranny in 510 B.C.

The Athenians appointed the reformer:

Cleisthenes (KLYS-thuh-neez)

leader in 508 B.C.

Father ofFather ofDemocracyDemocracy

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CleisthenesCleisthenes (KLYS-thuh-neez) He created a new council of 500

Proposed laws and supervised treasury and foreignaffairs.

Assembly had final authority to pass laws after free &open debate

Reforms of Cleisthenes created the foundation forAthenian democracy

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Age Of PericlesAge Of Pericles

Peak of

Athenian

Culture

Athens

becomes the

center ofGreek society

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Role of Athenian WomenRole of Athenian Women Could take part in most religious festivals,

but otherwise excluded from public life

Could not own property

Always accompanied by a male

guardian

Chief obligation to bear male children

Supervised the slaves that did housework

Married at 14 or 15

No formal education

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Wars & Strife in GreeceWars & Strife in Greece

Persian Wars Greece defeats Persia

The world becomes spilt between Athens

and Sparta

Peloponnesian War lasted about 25years

It splintered and weakened the Greeks

as a whole. Macedonia to the north

would take advantage of this