2010 FAA WorldwideAirport Technology Transfer Conference

Light energy– Sunlight

Thermal energy– Hot pavement

– Changing temperature gradient

Mechanical energy– Stress (Strain)

– Vibration

Foundation

Photovoltaic technology– Light energy

– Solar panel

The solar road in Oregon (ODOT) The solar road in Oregon (ODOT) Conceptual model of the Solar

Roadway (Solar Roadway™) Conceptual model of the Solar

Roadway (Solar Roadway™)

Solar panel

Transparent surface

Thermoelectric technology– Efficiency<1%/K

Typicl temperature profile in asphalt pavement in California (UCPRC)

Typicl temperature profile in asphalt pavement in California (UCPRC)Thermoelectric moduleThermoelectric module

Heat source

Heat sink

Δ TN P -- ++

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Direct heat transfer– Japan

• Hokkaido University

• M. Hasebel (2006)

– USA• WPI (The Worcester Polytechnic Institute)

• Rajib B. Mallick (2009)

Cool waterCool water Thermoelectric modules

Thermoelectric modules

Heat collection tubeHeat collection tube

PavementPavement

PumpPump

Cool fluidCool fluid

TankTank

Heat collection tubeHeat collection tube

PavementPavementSolar pumpSolar pump

Hot waterHot

waterSolar heating

elementSolar heating

element

Direct heat transfer– Netherland

• Road Energy SystemR (2004)– Ooms Nederland Holding

– WTH Vloerverwarming

– and TipSpit

Cold waterCold water

AquiferAquifer

ACAC

Hot waterHot water

Piezoelectric technology– Israel

• Innowattech (2008)• Potential energy

– 1 lane, 1 km, >600 v/h– Maximum 250 kW

– China• Tongji Univeristy

– Have the concept since 2008– Pilot project

» 2010~2012» Funded by NSFC

Conceptual model of the IPEGTM system (Innowattech)

Conceptual model of the IPEGTM system (Innowattech)

Piezoelectric effects– Stress Electric Charge

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Original statusOriginal status

EE

PolarizingPolarizing After polarizingAfter polarizing

Absorbing free chargeAbsorbing free charge

FF

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Piezoelectric effectsPiezoelectric effects

Piezoelectric effects– Stress Electric Charge

Piezoelectric Material– PZT (one of piezoelectric ceramic)

– PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)

– MFC (macro-fiber composite)

– ……

Piezoelectric transducers– Multilayer PZT

– Bimorph

– Cymbal

– THUNDER

– RAINBOW

– Moonie

PZTPZT

PZTPZT

PZTPZT

PZTPZT

PZTPZT

PZTPZT

Mechanical energy of pavement– Stress

– Vibration

Stress caused– Cymbal– Design parameters

• PZT performance• Cymbal size• Cymbal fatigue• Cymbal stiffness• End cap performance

– FEA simulation• p=0.7 MPa, dc=32mm, tp=2mm• Electric potential : 57.44 V• Electric energy: 0.02 mJ• Electric power at f=50Hz: 1.0 mW

h

t c

PZTCap

p

AC

Electrical potentialElectrical potential

Initial lab test– Cymbal array

• d=10 mm

– Maximum voltage• 254 V @ 20HZ 0.7MPa

LEDLED

Vibration caused– Bimorph based cantilever

– Design parameters• PZT performance

• Vibration Frequency

• Cantilever Fatigue Fix endFix end MassMass

BimorphBimorphAC

Pavement vibration– Truck at 60km/h– CHA, Wenhua (2007)

Initial bimorph design– Frequency=65Hz

M =3 gM =3 g

l=50 mml=50 mmB=10 mmB=10 mm

h=0.8 mmh=0.8 mm

Piezoelectric generator– Light the lights

– Cool or heat the pavement

– Contribute to public using

Are those only we can do?

Piezoelectric generators = Sensors– Measure traffic wander

– Monitor pavement crack

– Extend pavement life• Cool temperature in Summer

• Warm temperature in Winter

• Low energy contribute to fatigue

– Self-repairing pavement in future??

What’s the cost? What’s the efficiency? How to storage the harvested energy? How long is the life? ……

2010 FAA WorldwideAirport Technology Transfer Conference