2010 IBM Research Brochure

8/4/2019 2010 IBM Research Brochure

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Every day we learn that the systems on our planet are

more interrelated than previously imagined.

Some connections have always existed but are just

now being discovered. Others are created through huma

ingenuity and the creative application of technology.

Today, to improve the systems that support the way

we live and work, trillions of transistors and billions of

sensors are being embedded in business, technologica

and natural systems, such as rivers, cities, deserts and

even the human body. When the gathered data is linkedto the Internet and analyzed, it can make our world

increasingly intelligent, instrumented and interconnecte

Solving some o the mostignifcant challenges

o our time by reimagininghow science and technologyare applied to the world.

A LETTER FROM THE DI


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LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR

research goal. From studying solar energy and water desalinization in the des

of the Middle East, to monitoring the health of the ecosystem surrounding Irela

beaches and lakes, to developing systems to help improve safety on city str

we are in a very real sense making the world our laboratory.

For more than 60 years, Research has been one of IBMs key differentiators in

the marketplace, making the kind of discoveries that shape the future of busin

government, academia and society.Through the practical application of todays

research, we not only help IBM lead, but we

help dene the way people interact with tech

nology for decades to come.

We are developing cognitive com puting

systems (fg.2) designed to mimic the human

brains ability to sense and respond on very

little power, so tomorrows computing sys

tems may solve complex problems in real

time while requiring less energy than todays

systems consume.

o make these systems smarter, IBM Research collaborates across disciplines to

ddress some of the worlds most complex problems and promising opportunities.

We believe that profound breakthroughs will come when businesses, govern

ents, academic institutions and others work together to tap into diverse points

f view and expertise. Together, were working to understand how systems are

terconnected and the role technology plays

ithin them.

IBM Research helps clients discover newonnections through exploratory research and

ain competitive advantage through applied

esearch. That could mean leveraging new

odels of computational biology to unlock the

ecrets of stem cell regulation, or developing a

edical imaging system (fg.1) with resolution

00 million times ner than conventional

RI technology to help target medicine for

ach individual.

We are expanding the notion of how we work and where we innovate.

Though we continue to conduct research in our laboratories in China, India,

rael, Japan, Switzerland and the United States, we also are colocating in the eld

ith a range of partners to share skills, assets and resources to achieve a common

Resolution 100 million times fner than conventionalmagnetic resonance imaging may ultimately enablenano MRIs to unravel protein interactions and advancepersonalized medicine.

fg.1 Microscopic Imaging

By simulating the wiring o the brain, cognitivecomputing aims to create computer systems thdeal with ambiguity and learn over time.

fg.2 Simulating the Brain

Parietal lobe:touch, motion and

spatial reasoning

Occipital lobe:vision

Temporal lobe:sound, smell, memoand comprehension

Frontal higher lemental rand contr

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IBM researchers are united in our passion to make the world work better

dedicated to creating an impact for our clients and IBM, collaborating to chan

the way the world works, and discovering the answers to our greatest challen

Along the way, we benet from the talent and commitment of research e

neers, scientists and technical professionals who rank among the very

in the world, in disciplines ranging from astronomy to vacuum physics, f

accessibility to advanced business analytics, from computational biology to

science of services.We are Nobel Laureates, prolic inventors and recipients of the worlds hig

honors in science and technology. Together, we are IBM Researcha team

only playing a leading role in improving the world today, but charting a sm

future in which we all can thrive.

This is where our story begins. In the pages ahead, we present a rst h

account of IBM Research in actionimmersing ourselves in strategic locat

and natural environments across the globe to benet business and socie

far reaching and lasting ways.

To facilitate privacy on the Web, we are working

to encrypt data(fg.3) in ways that enable people

to work with information without actually seeing

it. By assembling semiconducting nanowires

directly onto DNA molecules, engineers may

be able to design smarter chips that pack more

speed and power at far smaller dimensions.

And by reusing and redirecting heat from datacenter operations, we can help optimize their

infrastructures for energy and space efciency.

Services and service systems also are strategic areas of scientic study at

BM Research. We are sharply focused on the interplay of people, organizational

ractices and business models to design innovations that help combine the

apabilities of people and technology to create new value for IBM clients, and that

elp improve the quality, efciency and protability of business services.

Were even designing a computing system that can understand complex natural

nguage and quickly answer wide ranging questions with pinpoint accuracy.

amed Watson, the system will rst go head to head against human contestants

n Americas favorite quiz show,Jeopardy! Ultimately, the Deep QA technology will

e applied to help solve major business problems.

JohnE.

KellyIIIphoto:ThePoughkeepsieJournal

lly homomorphic encryption could solve a

oblem that remained unanswered or 0 years w to perorm calculations on encrypted datathout decryption.

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Dr. John E. Kelly IIIIBM Senior Vice President and Director o IBM Research

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Taking research intothe world

Asking the questions that lead to progress, IBM long agoabandoned the notion that a scientists work had to beconned to the lab. By immersing ourselves in real worldconditions and variables, we can gather and applyknowledge faster and more accurately than ever before.

1.1 Managing human impact on rivers

by streaming information

1.2 Reducing trafc jamsby creating them

1.3 Helping premature infants by sensing

complications before they happen


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1

Managing humanmpact on rivers bystreaming information

e majority of the worlds population lives

ear a river or estuary. Yet, we typically do not

ave a good understanding of what is happening

elow the surface of the water to help people

edict and manage changes in the riverat could impact local communities that rely

the waterway.

he River and Estuary Observatory Network

EON) is a joint effort between the Beacon

stitute for Rivers and Estuaries, Clarkson

niversity and IBM Research. REON is the rst

chnology based monitoring and forecasting

etwork for rivers and estuaries.

nute by minute, REON tracks physical, chemical

d biological data from New Yorks Hudson

d St. Lawrence Rivers through an integrated

etwork of sensors, robotics and computational

chnology distributed throughout both rivers.

A networked array of sensors in the river will

provide the data necessary to observe spatial

variations in such variables as temperature,

pressure, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and

other basic water chemistry parameters. All of

these sensors transmitting information in real time

will result in massive amounts of data.

Helping make sense of all that data is a new

stream computing architecture developed

by IBMs Thomas J. Watson Research Centercalled InfoSphere Streams. It can analyze

thousands of information sources to help

scientists better understand what is happening

in the worldas it happens. REON data can

be applied to visualize the movement of chemical

constituents, monitor water quality and protect

sh species as they migrate, as well as provide

a better scientic understanding of river and

estuary ecosystems.

The real time capabilities of stream computing

can be modied into powerful applications

for environmental science, nancial services,

government, astronomy, trafc control, health

care as well as many other scientic and

business areas.

he integration o science, technology and policymains one o the great, unresolved challenges ontemporary environmentalism.

hn Cronin,Director and Chie Executive Ofcer o Beacon Institute

aron Nunes, IBM Vice President of Big Green Innovations andhn Cronin, Director and Chief Executive Ofcer of Beacon InstituteRivers and Estuaries

KING RESEARCH INTO THE WORLD

RIVER AND ESTUARY OBSERVATORY

NETWORK

This new way of observing, understandin

and predicting how large river and estuary

ecosystems work ultimately will enable Be

Institute for Rivers and Estuaries to translathat knowledge into better policy, manage

and education for the Hudson River and fo

rivers and estuaries worldwide.

Understanding the REON data could

help to:

Monitor water quality

Visualize movement ofchemical constituents

Protect sh species asthey migrate

Better understand riverand estuary ecosystem

Beacon

Castleton

Troy

Fort Edward

Newcomb

West Point

B1 Advanced Monitoring Platform

developed by Beacon Institute

and Clarkson University generates

real-time data on:

Water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygeparticle volumes, atmospheric conditions,chlorophyll concentration and organic matteCurrently, our sensor arrays dot the Hudso

River with plans or 10 additional sites by 2working toward a source-to-sea network tcan be replicated or rivers worldwide.

Current sites

Planned sites

Albany

Poughkeepsie

Battery Park

Hastings

Tarrytown

Croton

Catskill

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HANGES TO CITIES ALTER

RAFFIC PATTERNS

ingle new building can have a major impact on

fc congestion and drive times. IBM Researchs

fc simulator helps predict problem areas

trafc managers can change the outcome.

CO2 emissions

Trafc ow

Trafc volume

Signals

This is the best feld or applying our cuttintechnologies, including large-scale trafc sim

real-time data analytics, and spatio-temporal data mBy developing and combining these techn

we can make cities sm

Sei Kato, IBM Researcher, Computer

Reducingtrafc jams bycreating them

Each year nine billion gallons of fuel are wasted

in trafc congestion. Across the globe, driver

frustration and increasing pollution are causing

city planners to rethink how cities are designed

and optimized.

IBM ResearchTokyo and the Department

of Social Informatics at Kyoto University have

jointly developed a system that can simulate

a broad range of urban transportation

situations involving millions of vehicles.

It shows modication of existing trafc laws, or

a minor alteration in the timing or frequency

of trafc signals and signs.

These large scale, high speed simulations pro

real time analysis of trafc status, levels of ca

dioxide emission, trafc volume, and travel ti

throughout a metropolitan area. The system

enable urban planners to address the boom

congestion problem through innovative trans

measures, such as a road user charging syst

and planning carpool or other high occupanc

routes to reduce trafc jams.

By adding a variety of attributes to the modethe system also can simulate trafc condition

resulting from a range of driver typessuch

truckers and taxi driverswith a variety of ne

and future vehicle types.

1.2

IBM REKING RESEARCH INTO THE WORLD


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3

Helping prematurenfants by sensingcomplications beforehey happen

oday, information pours in faster than we can

ake sense of it. Its being authored by billions

people and owing from a trillion devices,nsors and all manner of instrumented objects.

nd with different types of information residing

different environments and stored in different

rmats, quickly extracting meaning from

s information is becoming almost impossible.

aking the most use of patient data was a

allenge felt by doctors at The Hospital for Sick

hildren in Toronto, who were trying to devise

ays to use real time information to detect subtle

anges in the condition of critically ill premature

ants. Physicians monitoring premature babies

pically rely on a paper based process that

volves manually looking at the readings from

rious monitors and getting feedback from the

nurses who provide care. With seven different

sources producing data at 1,006 readings

per second, doctors and nurses were drowning

in information.

Scientists from IBMs Thomas J. Watson Research

Center, working with the University of Ontario

Institute of Technology and The Hospital for Sick

Children, went to workapplying a new advanced

data analysis paradigm, called stream

computing, to build a solution that enablesmassive amounts of data to be correlated and

analyzed for patterns.The software can ingest

a constant stream of biomedical data, such

as electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure,

oxygen saturation and respiration. With this

information in hand, researchers were able to

develop a data processing engine that is exible,

reliable and scalable to support multiple rules on

multiple information streams for multiple patients.

The resulting analysis holds signicant promise

for alerting doctors and nurses to detect subtle

changes and may someday allow them to take

action before the infant takes a turn for the worse.

The hospital may provide better care based

on more detailed information presented in a more

intelligent fashion. Doctors and nurses may

be able to more quickly and proactively react to

signicant medical events. And the premature

baby may have a better chance of survival.

Life-threatening infections maybe detected up to 24 hours inadvance by observing changesin the physiological data streamsof premature babies.

MONITORING MULTIPLE BODY

FUNCTIONS IN REAL TIME:

Premature infants can generate 1,006 read

per second from seven different sources of

Real-time signal

Long-term average

Negative Difference

Calculating the area below the long-term average (shaded in yellow) couldalert doctors to a possible problem.

Blood press

Electrocard

Heart rate

Oxygen satu

Respiration

ganizations across a variety o industries have begunuse analytics to sit through hundreds or thousands o

multaneous data streams rom medical devices to stockces to retail sales to crime statistics and identiytterns, understand implications and build knowledge.

aria Ebling, IBM Researcher

by Sow, IBM Researcher and Maria Ebling, IBM Researcher

KING RESEARCH INTO THE WORLD IBM RE


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Improving businessperformanceBy conserving natural resources, and discovering newones, IBM researchers are discovering new methodologito pump up the bottom line. Analytics, algorithms andadvanced computing are just a few of the means bywhich were setting the stage for the next generationof business innovation.

2.1 Reimagining the energy grid by

synchronizing supply

2.2 Reducing CO2while boosting

business efciency

2.3 Mapping beneath the seaoor tohelp reduce the risk of dry holes


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Homes and businesses

Reimagining theenergy grid bysynchronizing supply

ectric vehicles are often celebrated from an

vironmental standpoint, given their ability to

ovide transportation without the CO2 emissions

traditional vehicles. However, they also can play

key role in developing an intelligent infrastructureprovide a reliable and sustainable power system

renewable energy.

cientists from IBM ResearchZurich are working

th a Denmark based collaborative to explore

e use of electric vehicles as a storage device for

moothing power uctuations from renewable

sourcesespecially wind poweron the Danish

and of Bornholm. Partners in the collaborative

clude Denmarks largest energy company, DONG

Energy, the Technical University of Denmark,

Siemens, Eurisco, the Danish Energy Association

and Oestkraft, the distribution network owner on

the island. The project is called EDISON, short for

Electric Vehicles in a Distributed and Integrated

Market using Sustainable Energy and Open

Networks. The goal is to use this small pilot of

about 15 electric vehicles to develop a model for

deploying roughly 200,000 wind powered EVs

nationwide by 2020.

Denmark already is a leader in wind powerwind

produces more than 20 percent of the countrys

power. In Bornholm, researchers currently are

studying how the energy system will function

as the number of electric vehicles increases.

By developing smart technologies that

synchronize the charging of electric vehicles

with the availability of wind in the grid,

IBM researchers can help utility companies

determine when an increased share of

power in the system should be supplied to

conventional electricity demand, and when

excess electricity should be directed toward

charging electric vehiclesthereby helping

to create an interconnected and sustainable

energy system.

1

OPTIMIZING THE GRID IN BORNHOLM

In windy conditions, energy supplied by turbines

charges car batteries. With low wind, stored

energy from electric automobiles is sent back to

the grid to prevent blackouts.

Excess powerstored in electriccar batteries

Power from carssent to the grid

Low windHigh wind

PROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IBM RE

ornholm has enough wind turbines installedo meet 40% of its needs, yet wind currentlyccounts for only 20% o the islands energy,ecause wind uctuations lead to grid instability.

BORNHOLM, DENMARK


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Reducing CO2 whileboosting businessefciency

odern day companies are operating under

creasing constraints. As if minimizing environ

ental impact, improving operating efciencies

d reducing costs arent difcult enough, the

allenges are compounded by their need toeliver a better experience for their clients.

y providing a deeper understanding of

verall supply chain logistics, IBM Research

hina developed Green Supply Chain, an

nalytical tool that helps clients optimize their

usiness decisions for lower CO2 emissions,

wer cost and improved service levelsor all

ree simultaneously.

Chinese shipping and logistics giant COSCO

used Green Supply Chain to gain a better picture

of its supply chain infrastructure. The tool can be

used to evaluate the CO2 emissions of materials

and aid in identifying alternatives; consider CO2

emissions when selecting suppliers for sourcing;

determine CO2 emissions associated with

manufacturing production processes; evaluate

the environmental impact of warehousing and

storage requirements; and analyze CO2 emissions

for various transportation and distribution modes,

shipment sizes and service levels.

After receiving a detailed analysis of its operations,

COSCO reduced the number of its distribution

centers from 100 to 40, lowered logistics costs

by nearly 25 percent and reduced CO2 emissions

by 15 percent. From an environmental perspective,

these reductions enabled COSCO to avoid

100,000 tons per year of CO 2 emissions, while

maintaining service levels for clients and incurring

no additional costs.

2

Before

After

Reduce the number

of distribution centersfrom 100 to 40

Reduced CO2 emissionsby 15 percent

Reduced logistics costsby 25 percent

M is unique in its ability to combine the deliverypabilities o IBM Global Business Services with thelution development capabilities o IBM Research.

We saw IBMs use o [this technology] in its own supplyain as a strong vote o confdence.

alei Huang, CTO o COSCO e-Logistics

OPTIMIZING COSCOS SUPPLY CHAIN

By using advanced mathematics, IBM

researchers were able to assist COSCO in

identifying and eliminating areas of redundancy,

waste and unnecessary carbon emissions.

IBM REPROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE


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3

Mapping beneathhe seafloor to helpeduce the risk of

dry holes

e days of easy oil are over. The new frontier

r explorationand the biggest hope for major

scoverieslies offshore in reservoirs beneath theaoor, miles below the surface of the water.

epsol, one of the 10 largest private oil companies

the world, was seeking ways to reduce the

mber of dry holes drilled and to shorten the time

rst oil in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico.

nce the region is known for complex geological

onditions, Repsol worked with scientists from

Ms Thomas J. Watson Research Center to

uild a powerful new system capable of running

e next generation of seismic algorithms.

Researchers from the IBM Multi Core Computing

Group worked closely with parallelization experts

from the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC)

to optimize mathematical algorithms for peak

processing. Testing of the system demonstrated

that the processor ran algorithms as much as

six times faster than existing seismic analysis

platforms, and provided more detailed rendering

of complex subsurface structuresresulting in

fewer dry holes and wasted resources. In the end,

Repsol gained the ability to take a closer look at

its seismic data while reducing the time required

to run complex imaging algorithms from four

months to two weeks.

1 Geological Fault

Discontinuities in sedimentary rocks thatmove geological blocks with respect toeach other. Faults can behave as conduitsor barriers to oil migration.

2 Seismic Reector

A boundary between sediment beds.

3 Potential Oil Field

Potential oil accumulation. Once confrmedby exploration wells, a feld becomes a reservoirthat can be commercially produced.

4 Geological Block

Part o an oil reservoir bounded bygeological aults.

The Gulf of Mexico holdsup to 37 billion barrelsof undiscovered oil.

RENDERING OIL BENEATH THE SEA

IBM Researchers are using powerful algorithms

to delineate geological structures deep beneath

the surface to shorten the time to rst oil.

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4

IBM RE

Todays oil producers are drillingas deep as 30,000 feet beneath theGulf of Mexico, twice the deptho the previous generation.

PROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE


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Impacting societyon a global scaleIBM Researchers apply science and technology to solvethe challenges of a rapidly evolving planet. Were makingextraordinary headway by creating new resources forpeople to stay healthy and enabling them with moreopportunities to connect and prosper, whether they residin developed or developing regions of the world.

3.1 Fighting infectious disease

by spreading data

3.2 Improving communication

by talking to the Web

3.3 Creating drinking water byltering oceans


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Ministry of Health

Using PHIAD data,the Ministry identifes

potential outbreaks,monitors illness inthe population, andcreates prevention andtreatment programs.

Public Health Lab

Epidemiological testingor disease stereotyping,results sent to Ministryo Health.

Regional CooperMonitoring Cent

Based on anonymizdata rom PHIADhealth ofcials moncross-border populaidentiy potential doutbreaks and coordresponses.

Clinical Lab Testing

Lab testing confrmspresence o disease,results sent via PHIADto Public Health Lab.

Healthcare Provider

Doctor runs testsand specimen is sentto clinical laboratory.

Patient

Patient presents withsymptoms.

Population

Individuals are encour-aged to take preventionmeasures as a result oawareness programsbased on PHIAD data.

SHARING PUBLIC HEALTH DATA

Scientists from IBM have developed a software architecture

that allows PHIAD, a Web based portal system, to generate

and share health data between clinical and public health

institutions, across political boundaries, and back

with the population.

Results

Treatment

ManagementAwarenessPrevention Measures

PACTING SOCIETY ON A GLOBAL SCALE

1

Fighting infectiousdisease byspreading data

ven in 1918, inuenza spread quickly and had

devastating impact on entire populations. Today,

ponential increases in air travel and the rising

erconnectedness of our world means infectious

seases can be that much more dangerous.e wont see a wave comingit will simul tan

usly appear around the globe. Therefore, rapid

etection and data sharing is critical to minimizing

e spread of disease.

e Ministries of Health and Agriculture in Jordan,

ael, and the Palestinian Authority started to

an for the battle against infectious diseases

ng before the threat came to the region. Despite

e changing and unstable political situation

this region, the Middle East Consortium on

fectious Disease Surveillance (MECIDS)

anaged to meet and draft a common plan of

tion for the three neighboring regions to contain

sease outbreaks.

Scientists from IBM ResearchHaifa and IBM

ResearchAlmaden have developed a unique,

open standards based architecture for MECIDS

called the Public Health Information Afnity

Domain (PHIAD). Currently being implemented,

this security rich, Web based portal system

enables the sharing of public health data electron

ically, and paves the way for sophisticated and

advanced analysis tools for visualizing the

population health, detecting disease outbreaks,

determining the effectiveness of policy and

performing forecast modeling.

PHIAD supports hierarchical data ow across

different domains. Each regional system collects

data from local sources, such as doctors and

veterinarians. The regional system then forwards

appropriate information to a system at the national

level, which is administered by a disease control

organization such as the Ministry of Health.

PHIAD can extend this hierarchy of data sharing

to international partnerships. At each level,

different data sharing policies concerning person

identication, location identication, authorship

and results can be implemented.

By creating an electronic platform that lets

public health workers focus on critical tasks

such as detecting emerging public health

trends, pinpointing potential outbreaks and

performing sophisticated analysis, PHIAD

can help contain diseases and minimizetheir impact.

e need to give priority to collaboration that willengthen Israels technology and research intoalth care. The technology that is being developedIBM Research] is outstanding.

himon Peres, President, State o Israel

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Farmer calls

voice site

Program about

health screenings

Program about

crop rotations

Program about

government assistance

Program aboutspring planting

Farmer asks question

about chana crop

Announcements

Radio

Questions

Commerce

Farmer answers question

about pesticide use

Farmer asks questionabout irrigation

Villager makes

appointment with plumber

Villager makes

appointment

Plumber posts

advertisement

Veterinarian

posts schedule

Painter posts

schedule and prices

Handyman posts

schedule

Farmer asks question

about pesticide use

Farmer answers question

about chana crop

Government posts

electric outages

Villager posts

train schedule

Villager posts

local grain prices

Mobile hospital

posts schedule

SUALIZING THE SPOKEN WEB

M researchers are building the Spoken Web, a system that

someday allow individuals to access a wide array of currently

attainable information. In this scenario, a rural farmer would

able to dial into the system and connect to a network of voice

es and voice links thereby participating in multiple types of

owledge sharing all through a mobile phone or land line.

Improvingcommunication bytalking to the Web

One of the most signicant technology innovations

of the past century, the World Wide Web has

given people access to vast repositories of data,

enabled new business models and transformed

the way people communicate.

Most individuals on the planet, however, cannot

access the Internetwhether due to lack of

computers, connectivity or basic literacy. In

India, for example, most people cannot afford

a personal computer. Yet cell phone usage is

rocketing, expected to reach 500 million users

by early 2010.

IBM ResearchIndia has developed a

technology called Spoken Web that brings

the power of the Internet to the masses, only

in a whole new form and through a very

familiar interfacethe telephone. Spoken Web

enables individuals to create voice Web sites

using a mobile or landline phone. Together, the

interlinked Voice Sites create a network of

information analogous to hyperlinked Web sites.

Overall, Spoken Web brings the Internet to places

it could not reach before.

So a rural farmer in India in need of advice on

his summer chana crop is yellowing and dyin

can access a knowledge sharing Voice Site

for farmers currently being deployed in Guja

Province. Through the Voice Site, farmers ca

ask and have questions answered, listen to

announcements and access programs on top

of interest. By creating the Spoken Web, IBM

researchers are enabling the kind of knowled

sharing and community building that takes pl

on the Web every day.

3.2

I have benefted [rom listening to questionother armers]. One armer had asked a quabout how to deal with the hot wind in this[The answer on the Voice Site] saved my cro

being ruined. That was very

Farmer, State o Gujara

IBM REPACTING SOCIETY ON A GLOBAL SCALE


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PACTING SOCIETY ON A GLOBAL SCALE

3

Creating drinkingwater by lteringoceans

ven though more than 70 percent of the Earths

rface is covered by water, more than a billion

eople today have no access to a safe water

pply. Additionally, more than 41 percent of the

arths population lives in water stressed areas.

IBM ResearchAlmaden, the materials,

ocesses and computational models originally

eveloped for nanotechnology currently are

eing leveraged for application in desalination

nd water purication.These so called

ano membranes, smart materials measuring

nly nanometers in width, have the potential to

gnicantly reduce energy requirements for

ration. To start, researchers have developed

ghly water permeable coating materials that

emonstrate signicant anti clogging efciency

uring the osmosis and reverse osmosis process,

hich is widely used for water desalination.

Additionally, and in partnership with Central

Glass in Tokyo and King Abdulaziz City for Science

and Technology (KACST) in Saudi Arabia,

researchers have developed a smart material

based on a new polymer that exhibits unique

pH dependent beha vior. Both salt rejection

and ux improve at high pH, which translates into

lower energy consumption and the possibility

of new applications. This technology also could

be applied for efcient removal of the toxic

pollutants arsenic and boron from drinking water.

By exploring these well dened nanostructured

membranes, researchers are attempting to create

a water superhighway at the molecular level to

reduce operating costs and energy consumption

in the desalination process.

More than fve million people,most of them children, die everyyear from illnesses caused bydrinking poor quality water.

The United Nations estimates thatby 2025, 1.8 billion people will beliving in countries or regions withabsolute water scarcity.

Drinking Wa

Ocean Wate

pH-ActivateNano-Memb

NANO-MEMBRANE

These smart materials exhibit

pH dependent behavior, with

salt rejection and ux improving

at high pH.

Areas at or approaching physical water scarcity.

IBM RE


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DongM Research China

S. and M.S. in Automation,an University; Ph.D. in

pply Chain Management,nghua University

The people behind the progressWe are IBM Researcha community of forward thinking

cientists and technical professionals who rank among the

very best in the world, in disciplines ranging from astronomy

o vacuum physics, from accessibility to advanced business

analytics, from computational biology to the science of

ervices. Though we live and work across the globe,we share a common visionto make progress possible.


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. Sachiko YoshihamaIBM ResearchTokyo

B.A. in Economics, Aoyama GakuinUniversity; M.S. in Information, Instituteof Information Security; working on Ph.D.

in Information Security, YokohamaNational University

. Shi Xia LiuIBM ResearchChina

B.A. and M.S. in Computing Mathematics,Harbin Institute of Technology; Ph.D. inComputer Graphics and Computer AidedDesign, Tsinghua University

. Leo GrossIBM Research Zurich

Diploma in Physics, Universitt Mnster;Ph.D. in Physics, Freie Universitt Berlin

. Rodric RabbahIBM ResearchThomas J. Watson

Research Center

B.S. in Biochemistry and Computer Science,New York University; Ph.D. in ComputerScience, Georgia Institute of Technology

. Vibha Singhal SinhaIBM ResearchIndia

B.S. in Electronics and Communication,Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, M.S.in Electrical Engineering, Stanford University

. Isidore RigoutsosIBM ResearchThomas J. Watson

Research Center

B.S. in Physics, University of Athens; Ph.D.in Computer Science, New York University

. Michael FactorIBM ResearchHaia

B.S. in Computer Science, UnionCollege; M.S., M. Phil., and Ph.D.in Computer Science, Yale University

. Martin WattenbergIBM ResearchThomas J. Watson

Research Center

B.S. in Mathematics, Brown University;M.S. in Mathematics, Stanford University;Ph.D. in Mathematics, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley

. Jakita O. ThomasIBM ResearchAlmaden

B.S. in Computer Science, SpelmanCollege; Ph.D. Computer Science, GeorgiaInstitute of Technology

j. Dilip KandlurIBM ResearchAustin

B.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology,Mumbai; M.S. in Computer Scienceand Engineering, University of Michigan,

Ann Arbor; Ph.D., Computer Scienceand Engineering, University of Michigan,

Ann Arbor

. Tom ZimmermanIBM Research Almaden

B.S. in Humanities and Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology;M.S. in Media Science, MIT Media Lab

My work is at the core o leveraginghuman intelligence, especially visualperceptional systems to acilitate decisionmaking rom huge amounts o data.

I am passionate about my work because ithighlights the interactions between people,

processes and technology.

My research helps people see andexchange inormation in novel ways.

My goal isnt to make machines smarter;its to make people smarter.

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j.

IBM Research gives me thereedom and opportunity toexplore how our brains work,enabling us to build computersthat imitate nature.

.

Our global network of scientists work on a range of

applied and exploratory research projects to help clients,

governments and universities apply scientic breakthroughs

o solve real world business and societal challenges..

IBM RER RESEARCHERS


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A history of breakthroughsFor more than 60 years, IBM Research has challenged the

status quo by exploring the boundaries of science and technology,

bringing discoveries to light that have had a lasting impact on the

world. We continue to expand the frontiers of healthcare,

energy and telecommunications, to name only a few. In a very

real sense, the history of IBM Research has altered the modernhistory of technological progress.

. 2009Nano MRIIBM researchers, in collaboration withStanford University, achieve volumeresolution 100 million times ner thanconventional MRI.

. 2008Worlds FirstPetaop SupercomputerIBM breaks the petaop barrier withRoadrunnerthe fastest supercomputeron Earth at the time.

. 2005CellIBM announces the Cell architecture,ushering in a new era of power efcientand cost effective high performanceprocessing.

.2004Blue Gene/LThe Blue Gene/L supercomputeris designated the worlds fastestsupercomputer with a peak speed

of 596 Teraops.

. 2003Carbon NanotubesIBM researchers discover a process forsynthesizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs),making them a feasible replacement forsilicon transistors.

. 1997Copper Interconnect WiringIBM develops copper interconnectwiring for semiconductor chips,increasing speed and durability whiledecreasing resistance.

.1997Deep BlueIn a six game match, a chess playingIBM computer defeats chess grand master Garry Kasparov.

.1994SiGeIBM Research patents a method formaking low cost semiconductor chipsfrom silicon germanium, an alloy thatimproves speed and versatility.

. 1987High-TemperatureSuperconductivityIBM researchers J. Georg Bednorz andK. Alex Mller were awarded a NobelPrize for Physics for their discovery ofhigh temperature superconductivity ina new class of materials.

j. 1986Scanning Tunneling

MicroscopeIBM researchers Gerd K. Binnig and

Heinrich Rohrer receive the Nobel Prizein Physics by providing the rst ever lookat atom by atom surface topography.

. 1980RISCIBM develops the RS/6000 desksidescientic microcomputer designed byIBM researcher John Cocke.

. 1971Speech RecognitionIBM enables customer servicingequipment to communicate and spoken answers from a compu

.1970Relational DatabaseIBM researcher Edgar Codd signaccelerates processing of large aof data using values formatted indatabase tables.

.1967FractalsIBM researcher Benoit Mandelbrintroduces the world to fractal gein which seemingly irregular shaphave identical structure at all scal

.1966One-Device Memory CellIBM researcher Bob Dennard invthe single transistor Dynamic RAM(DRAM) memory cell.

. 1957FORTRANIBM introduces FORTRAN (FORm

TRANslation) to customers whicbecomes the most widely usedcomputer language for technical

.1956RAMACThe rst machines with magneticdisks for data storage are launchwith the IBM RAMAC (Random AMethod of Accounting and Contr

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IBM REHISTORY OF BREAKTHROUGHS


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Work with usur continuous investment in research and

evelopment makes this a very exciting time at

BM Research, where the next wave of discovery

romises to be more innovative than the last.

ut we cant do it alone. We need to work together.

M Research Services:

ables the IBM Global Business Services and Global

chnology Services account teams and clients to work

ectly with prominent scientists and leverage their skills

gain business advantage.

dustry Solutions Laboratory:

e IBM Industry Solutions Laboratory (ISL) is a joint effort

tween IBM Research and the IBM Global Sales and

rvices teams that brings together clients and researchers

a unique and effective way. The ISL gives companies

m a wide variety of industries the opportunity to see how

r advanced technologies and solutions could impact their

sinesses, while IBM researchers obtain a markets eye

w of the ways in which their technology can be applied

real world problems. The involvement of IBM researchers

SL activities gives clients a vision of the future that few

mpetitors can match. The four ISLs are located in

wthorne, New York; Delhi, India; Beijing, China and

schlikon, Switzerland.

st-of-a-Kind (FOAK) Program:

our Industry Solutions Laboratories, IBM researchers

rtner with IBM clients to dig deeper into how promising

search can turn into market ready products and services.

rough the FOAK program, clients work with our research

ams to solve problems that do not have ready solutions,

d our researchers get immediate client feedback to

ther enhance their projects.

Business Analytics Solution Centers:

A growing network of global analytics centers addressing

the growing demand for the complex capabilities needed

to build smarter cities and help clients optimize all manner

of business processes and business decisions. The Centers

are located in New York City, Berlin, Beijing, Tokyo, London

and Washington, D.C.

IBM Research Labs:

www.researchlabs.ibm.com/portal/

An experimental Web site that enables visitors to select

from a list of beta and future IBM technologies and assets,

and begin experimenting with them quickly. After testing them

out, users can provide feedback to the IBM researchers

working on the projects, as well as rate the experiments

directly on the site. Available to the general public or targeted

for specic clients, the experimental technologies on the

site include collaboration software, tools for creating business

applications, visually democratizing information for data

analysis, and for recording and automating processes

performed in a Web browser.

To learn more about these programs, or other ways to

partner with IBM Research, please contact your IBM

representative or visit www.ibm.com/research

Join us on Facebook

facebook.com/IBMResearch

Follow us on Twitter

twitter.com/IBMResearch

IBM Research Global Labs

2 IBM ResearchAustin

Austin, TX, USAEstablished 995

5 IBM ResearchHaifa

Haia, IsraelEstablished 97

6 IBM ResearchIndia

New Delhi, IndiaEstablished 998

Bengaluru, IndiaEstablished 5

8 IBM ResearTokyo

Yamato, JapanEstablished 9

4 IBM ResearchZurich

Rschlikon, SwitzerlandEstablished 956

23

1

4

5

6

7

1 IBM ResearchAlmaden

San Jose, CA, USAEstablished 955

3 IBM ResearchThomas J. WatsonResearch Center

Yorktown Heights, NY, USAEstablished 96

Hawthorne, NY, USAEstablished 984

Cambridge, MA, USAEstablished 995

7 IBM ResearchChina

Beijing, ChinaEstablished 995

Shanghai, ChinaEstablished 8

IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, are registered trademarks or trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States an

other countries. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. Copyright IBM Corporation 200

All rights reserved.

Any performance or results stated herein are based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environ

The actual results that any user will experience will v ary depending upon considerations such as the particular computing environment and th

workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve the results or improvement equivalent to the pe

statements contained here.

All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used

products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individ

customer congurations and conditions.

All statements regarding IBMs future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objecti

COB03004-USEN-01

ORK WITH US


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2010 IBM Research Brochure

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