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8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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Technologies in Irrigated Agriculture :
. . ,International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID)
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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Chair-
Panelists
Ir. Keizrul bin Abdullah, ICIDMuhammad Tusneem, Planning Commission Pakistan
n a n, a n rr ga on
Plamen Bozakov, ADB
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MISSION OF ICID
u
l t u r
A g r i
Dedicated to Dedicated to enhancing the worldwide the worldwide
i g a t e supp y
o
oo
an
re
or
a
peop e
y
supp y o
oo
an
re
or
a
peop e
y improving water and land management improving water and land management
I r an e p r o u c v y o rr ga e an an e p r o u c v y o rr ga e an
drained lands
through
appropriate
drained
lands
through
appropriate
managemen o wa er, env ronmen an managemen o wa er, env ronmen an
application of irrigation, drainage and application of irrigation, drainage and
c
2010 oo
managemen
ec n ques.
oo
managemen
ec n ques.
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8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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Irrigated
u
l t u r
Agriculture
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
• Lack of Food
Hunger
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
, , ,
1,028,458,838
I r
1,155,210,682
343,675,571
c
2010 ,
Ref: www.worldometers/info
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
• Lack of Food Hunger
A g r i
• 1.02 billion people undernourished
i g a t e • 907 million in developing countries
I r.
hunger and related causes• In economic terms, developing countries
lose $ billions in lost productivity andc
2010 earnings
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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Disaster Starvation
u
l t u r
A g r i
Extreme events :
i g a t e famines, wars
I r
c
2010
1.02 billion
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
1.02 billion
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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Smallholder farms: 50%Smallholder farms: 50% The rural landless: 22%The rural landless: 22%
u
l t u r
A g r i
THETHE
i g a t e CHRONICALLYCHRONICALLY
The urban poor: 20%The urban poor: 20%
I r
ForestsForestsdwellers,dwellers,
c
2010 pastoralists,pastoralists,fishermen: 8%fishermen: 8%
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
Ref: FAO
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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Irrigated
u
l t u r
Agriculture
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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rr gat on
u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
Dry Season - Water Scarcity
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
Irrigation Canals supply water
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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IRRIGATEDIRRIGATED
u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
WorldWorld -- FoodFoodNONNON--
IRRIGATEDIRRIGATED I r
--
c
2010
Ref: Postel
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
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u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
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u
l t u r
20 %
A g r i
70 %
i g a t e
I r
Agriculture Domestic Industryc
2010
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Water Withdrawals
u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
Ref: World Bank
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u
l t u r
• Irrigation in developing countries
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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More Water Used
u
l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
Higher Statusc
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u l t u r
• Irrigation in developing countries
A g r i
•
i g a t e
low : 20 % (paddy) to 90 % drip
I r • Average for developing countries ~43 %
• Calls from NGOs for improvement inwater productivitywater efficiency &
c
2010 g er crop y e s
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u l t u r
INDUSTRYINDUSTRY
A g r i
WATERWATER
i g a t e
AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
I r
NATURENATURE
c
2010
r rr r
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The Challenges of Irrigated
u l t u r Agriculture in the 21st Century
A g r i
i g a t e
By
I r Dato’ Ir. Hj. Keizrul bin Abdullah
PresidentInternational Commission on Irrigation and Drainage
ICIDc
2010 19 March 2003
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u l t u r
More Crop Per Drop
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
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u l t u r
Way Forward
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
Modernisation
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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“Irrigation Modernisation
u l t u r
technical and managerial
A g r i
combined with
i g a t e
institutional reforms with the ob ective to im rove
I r resource utilisation
, , ,environmental)
” c
2010
P ili I i i h l iP ili I i i h l i
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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Prevailin Irri ation technolo iesPrevailin Irri ation technolo ies
u l t u r Vast range of technologies and tools are
available for improved operation, better
A g r i
management and efficient use of irrigationwater
i g a t e
Off-farm technologies I r
On-farm technolo ies
c
2010
OffOff--Farm TechnologiesFarm Technologies
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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OffOff--Farm TechnologiesFarm Technologies
• Water is conve ed from its source
u l t u r
(reservoir, lakes. river, wells ) to the field
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
OffOff--Farm TechnologiesFarm Technologies
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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OffOff--Farm TechnologiesFarm Technologies
• Technolo ies for flow measurement
u l t u r
regulation, operation, diversion and
–
A g r i
Canal lining - conventional and non-
i g a t
e
Piped conveyance network, Modern flow
I r
Upstream/ downstream controls, Total
Supervisory control and data acquisition
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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T rk h h n Irri i n i n
policy from traditional to modern systemsince 2003
Modern Control Structures
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Modern Control Structuresin Conveyance Network
u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t
e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u l t u r
A g r i
Ultrasonic water
i g a t
e
Parshall flow
recorder I r
South Africa
South Africac
2010
Improved Flow measurement
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Improved Flow measurementCases in Australia, China and India
Australia
u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t
e
I r
Intake and water gauge at ZhangheIrrigation System (ZIS), China
c
2010
India
While Costs and Benefits in each one ofthese Cases are not easily available, someindication on Australian case is available
Imperial Valley USA
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Imperial Valley USASupervisory control
u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t
e
I r
c
2010
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t
e
I r
c
2010 Recycling Irrigation Supply using Pumps
Not only Irrigation, in many
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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,
importance
u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t
e Waterlogged field
I rSaline soil
c
2010 SSD installation
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u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t
e
I r
2.5 % of existing infrastructure needs toc
2010
(207 million ha)
OnOn--Farm TechnologiesFarm Technologies
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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gg
u l t u r
Water supplied at the field head is
A g r i
methods :
i g a t
e Modern surface methods
I r
Micro irrigation
c
2010
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u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t
e
I r
c
2010 More efficient irrigation systems
S rinklers for
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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S rinklers for
rice in Brazil
u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t
e
I r ater use
reduced to onequarter ¼ c .flood irrigation
c
2010
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u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t
e
I r
c
2010
Micro irrigation technology
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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g gy
has dramatically changed the
way crops are irrigated
MICRO IRRIGATION IN INDIAMICRO IRRIGATION IN INDIA
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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-- A SUCCESS STORYA SUCCESS STORY
u l t u r m on a
Water saving:30% to 60%
A g r i
i g a t e
Decreasing groundwater availability Success factors
I rLiberal subsidy by Central and State Governments (up to 70%)
Well developed pump and pipe industry,
Strong manufacturing base
> c
2010
Govt. promoting horticulture in a big way
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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Objective:Objective:
u l t u r
GROUND DATA COLLECTIONGROUND DATA COLLECTION
Pest, weed etcPest, weed etc
sensing, GIS, GPS and related technologies forsensing, GIS, GPS and related technologies forefficient and precision plantation managementefficient and precision plantation management
A g r i BASIC LAYERSBASIC LAYERS
Soil MapSoil Map
Yield MapYield Map
Land Use MapLand Use Map
Remote Sensing DataRemote Sensing Data
Weather DataWeather Data
SocioSocio--EconomicEconomic
production and quality of environmentproduction and quality of environment
i g a t e
MODELLING for optimum input andMODELLING for optimum input andoutputoutput
ACTION MAP for optimum inputACTION MAP for optimum input
CadastralCadastral MapMap
I r
c
2010
Use of Technology - Precision Farming
Use of Waste WaterUse of Waste Water
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Wastewater ~
u l t u r
50% treated to secondary level
30% treated to tertiary level
A g r i 4% discharged via cesspits
16% inadequately treated
i g a t e
I r
Mix junction using effluent and saline water c
2010 The immense potential of WW reuse is seen in the MiddleEastern Region paticularly in Israel, Egypt etc
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u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
Costs & BenefitsCosts & Benefits -- Australian Exam leAustralian Exam le
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u l t u r ,
in favour of the farmer by about 8% could
A g r i
liters/day.
i g a t e
• ew e ec ron c me ers e ng n ro ucecan now deliver flow rates of up to 25
I r m on ers ay.
• Besides, other measures for systemimprovement are undertaken at a cost ofabout $A 300 million.
c
2010 • Benefits are obvious….
Australia invests on Hard solutions :Australia invests on Hard solutions :
8/3/2019 2010 Water: Crisis and Choices: Tech Irrigated Agriculture
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an examp ean examp e
u l t u r
Type of Technology
Area
coveredCost/ ha
A g r i (ha)
Canal automation with SCADA 204,506 627
i g a t e
Canal lining with - HDPE
- concrete
3,702
564
4048
4468 I r
- geo-textile/ beaching 23,768 142
Piped conveyance of irrigation water 11,803 6,490
Modern water delivery outlets (Flumegate/117,054 481
c
2010
Source: Data received from Australian National Committee of ICID (ANCID)
Soft tools for O &M and EvaluationSoft tools for O &M and Evaluation
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u l t u r
• Soft tools/ models/ decision supportoCanal operation simulation models
o
FAO’
RAP
And
MASSCOTE,
oCanal operation simulation models
o
FAO’
RAP
And
MASSCOTE,
A g r i sys em are sprea ng as a se o
soft optionsoBenchmarking of irrigation schemes ( FAO‐IWMI‐ ICID),oBenchmarking of irrigation schemes ( FAO‐IWMI‐ ICID),
i g a t e
• Developed for improved operation,maintenance, monitoring and
oInternet based irrigation scheduling
oSatellite remote sensing and GIS for assessing irrigated
oInternet based irrigation scheduling
oSatellite remote sensing and GIS for assessing irrigated
I r • Evaluation of irrigation systemsarea, extent of water‐logging, crop water area, extent of water‐logging, crop water
,
.,
oParticipatory irrigation management (IMT/PIM)
,
.,
oParticipatory irrigation management (IMT/PIM)c
2010
Stages of the Benc hmarking Proc ess
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(1)Identification &
Planning
u l t u r
(8)Verification &
A g r i
i g a t e
Interpretation(7)Action
I r(4)Comparisons &
Identification of BP
(6)Integration &
Decision making
(5)Analysisc
2010
FAO’s MASSCOTEFAO’s MASSCOTE
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u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
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u l t u r
• Developing appropriate/affordable
A g r i
• Effective dissemination of available
i g a t e
technologies
irrigation managers andfarmers I r
• Effective financing system for purchase of
resource poor farmers
c
2010 • reng en ng e na ona rr ga onextension / advisory services
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u l t u r
• Capacity building of local institutions
A g r i • Revamping of irrigation agencies
•
i g a t e
sectors
I r • sma c e ween preva ng ec no ogyand local needs
• Limited R&D in developing countries
c
2010
-water in peri-urban agriculture
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u l t u r
A g r i
i g a t e
I r
c
2010
Ref: Salah Darghouth, WB
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u l t u r
• Barriers to adopting new technologies – policies,
A g r i , ,
• Role of major stakeholders – beneficiaries,
i g a t e
, ,
organizations
I r
investments in hardware and software?
, - ,
change challenges
c
2010