ArtePolis 3 International Conference on CreativeCollaboration and the Making of Place
2224th July 2010
Gunawan TanuwidjajaUrban Planner & Researcher
Green Impact Indonesia, Integrated Urban, Drainage andEnvironmental Planning and Design Consultant
Joyce Martha WidjayaPrincipal Researcher
Research and Development Institute of Water Resources (PUSAIR),Research and Development Institute of Social, Economy, Culture and
Community Participation (PUSEBRANMAS),Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Jakarta Flooding Caseû Jakarta is the capitol city of Indonesia and the largest
metropolitan in South East Asia. It is inhabited byapproximately 8 million persons, within area of 600 sqkm.
û It faces unsustainable urban issues such as: urbansprawling; conversion of rural, water bodies and naturalareas; traffic jams; air pollutions; urban slums andextreme annual flooding.
û Floods were the regular event for Jakarta City. Andhistorically Jakarta was inundated because of debit’sincreases of its rivers. And major floods were recordedin 1621, 1654, 1918, 1976, 1997, 2002, and 2007.
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Jakarta Flooding Case(2)
û In 2007, More than 60% ofJakarta, Bogor, Depok,Tangerang and Bekasi wasaffected by the flood.ó Eight trillions rupiahs was
lossó 80 persons were killed,ó 340,000 persons was
displaced,ó 74,000 houses were
submerged,ó 670,000 people were left
without electricity,ó 82.150 sq km of roads were
damagedû This illustrated the worsening
floods in Jakarta, and increasingeconomic losses due to theflooding.
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
The Jakarta Flooding Causes1. Natural Factorsû Approximately, 40% of Jakarta was below the highest
astronomical tide (in North of Jakarta);û Topography of Jakarta was dominantly flat (even
concave in some area North of Jakarta);û 40% of Jakarta was located within the flood prone
areas of the main rivers;û High rain intensity happened in the upstream of Jakarta
Metro Region;û Extensive catchment affected Jakarta (850 sq km);û Limited water bodies capacity (drains, rivers, retention
ponds and lakes);û Geological and soil types of the Jakarta Metro Region
were susceptible to land subsidence and erosion;
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
The Jakarta Flooding Causes (2)2. Human Factorsû Disintegration of Spatial Plan and Drainage Master
Plan (macro and micro level) of Jakarta Metro Region;û Overpopulation in several areas (strategic areas and
slums);û Extreme groundwater extraction;û Conversion of forests, wet agricultural lands;û Conversion of water bodies (wetlands, agricultural
lands, drains, rivers, retention ponds, lakes);û Unsustainable land development practice causing
increasing soil sedimentation;û Solid waste and wastewater pollution in the water
bodies;û The unclear system rolesharing among in
environmental management especially in the drainagemanagement;
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Existing Flood Control Strategyû Retaining water in upstream area with retention ponds and land and forest
conservation;û Applying rainwater infiltration as much as possible with infiltration well and
open spaces;û Building retention ponds in the middle areas;û Flowing the water as fast as possible to the estuaries or the seas, with the
capacity of rivers and drainages;û Building urban polder systems in the Northern part of Jakarta;û Securing lives, vital infrastructures as well as real estates.
Polder
West FloodCanalEast
Flood Canal
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Existing Drainage Master Planû Master Plan NEDECO (1973)û Study Of East Jakarta Flood Control Project (1989)û The Study on Urban Drainage and Waste Water Project in The City of
Jakarta (1991)û The Study on Comprehensive River Water Management Plan in
JABODETABEK (1997)
Polder
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Polder Conceptû The Polder could be defined as “An Integrated Manmade Drainage
System consisting dikes, drains, retention ponds, pumping stations.û Designed landscape in the Polder would be required to ensure its
effectiveness.û Polder dikes must be planned and designed considering potential of
soil strength, land subsidence, social conflict as well as accessibilityissue.
û The maintenance of infrastructures would become a critical point forsuccessful polder operation.
û Lastly, the Polder system must be planned in integration from spatialplan, urban design and water management of the river basin system.”
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
The North Jakarta Polder Failureû Unfortunately, the master plans were not effectively
implemented due to different land ownership as well assectored approach. This could be seen in disintegrationof the polder system in the North Jakarta.
Polder’s MasterPlan in Jakarta.Source: JakartaProvince’s PublicWorks Department(2008), FloodMitigation Handbook
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
The North Jakarta Polder Failure (2)û On the other hand, 40% of Jakarta was below the highest
astronomical tide and the extreme land subsidence (10 cmannually or 2 m in 20 years ) threatened the North Jakarta area.
Mean Sea Level
High Tide
2010 2030
Mean Sea Level
High Tide
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Proposal for North Jakarta Polderû New
Proposal ofNorthJakartaPolder isproposedfor savingthe NorthJakarta fromworseningfloods
Proposal forPolder’sMaster Planin Jakarta.
PolderZone
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Proposal in 2030 Jakarta Spatial Plan (RTRW 2030)
This is the PolderProposalmentioned inJakarta SpatialPlan 2030.
PolderZone
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Creative Collaboration needed in SettingUp the North Jakarta Polder
ûImportant steps to be followed are:ó Identification of Stakeholdersó Setting up Provincial Polder Organisation with
involvement of all stakeholdersó Follow the Sustainable Polder Development
Frameworkó Involve professional consultants in the development of
Integrated Spatial Plan and Polder Infrastructure Plan
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Identification of Stakeholders (1)
û Example of Identification of StakeholdersRole in UrbanDevelopment
Aspects related toUrban Polder
Level Agencies InCharge or Related to the Aspects
Spatial Planning &Management
Central Government
• Office of State Minister of National Development Planning(BAPPENAS);
• Coordination Board of Spatial Planning (BKPRN);• Ministry of Public Works, Directorate General of Spatial Planning
(DIRJEN TARU);• Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Forestry, Forest Planning
Agency;• Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Forestry, Directorate General of
Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry, Office of CatchmentsManagement of CitarumCiliwung Rivers (BPDAS CitarumCiliwung);
Jakarta ProvincialGovernment
• Regional Planning Agency of Jakarta Province (Bappeda DKIJakarta);
• Spatial Planning Agency of Jakarta Province (Dinas Tata RuangProvinsi/ DTP Jakarta);
North JakartaMunicipality
• Regional Planning Agency of North Jakarta Municipality(Bapekodya Jakarta Utara);
Real Estate Developer • Some developers like PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol & PTMandara Permai prescribed their own land use master plan ;
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Identification of Stakeholders (2)
û Example of Identification of StakeholdersRole in UrbanDevelopment
Aspects related toUrban Polder
Level Agencies InCharge or Related to the Aspects
Drainage & FloodControl –Planning,
Design &Management
Central Government
• Office of State Minister of National Development Planning(BAPPENAS);
• Ministry of Public Works, Directorate General of Water ResourcesManagement (DIRJEN SDA);
• River Basin Organisation Ciliwung Cisadane (BBWS Cilcis);• Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Forestry, Directorate General of
Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry, Office of CatchmentsManagement of CitarumCiliwung Rivers (BPDAS CitarumCiliwung);
Jakarta ProvincialGovernment
• Regional Planning Agency of Jakarta Province (Bappeda DKIJakarta);
• Public Works Agency of Jakarta Province (Dinas PU DKIJakarta);
North JakartaMunicipality
• Public Works SubAgency of North Jakarta Municipality (SukuDinas PU Jakarta Utara);
Real Estate Developer• Some developers like PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol & PT
Mandara Permai prescribed their own drainage master plan(polder system);
NonGovernmentOrganisations/Communities
• Community Forum of the Pluit Environmental Care (FMPL)create and manage their own polder system;
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Setting up Provincial Polder Organisation with involvementof all stakeholders
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Framework ofSustainable Polder Development
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Proposed Planning Process for Polder in Province/National Strategic Area Level
Problems &StakeholdersIdentification ;
DataCollection
Technical,Policy, Socio& Economic
Analysis
ProvincialSpatial Plan
(RTRWProvinsi)including
Provincial Policy ofWater Resources andRiver Basin Master Plan
orNationalStrategic
Area Spatial Plan(RTRKS Nasional)
StrategicEnvironmental
Assessment(SEA)
Synchronized withhigher level policy
Consultation with Stakeholders
StrategicPolder ZoneDirection inProvincial
Level/NationalStrategic
AreaDevelopment
Describing Strategic Potential
Area for Polder Conservation Area Retention Ponds
Major Rivers
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Problems &StakeholdersIdentification ;
DataCollection
Technical,Policy, Socio& Economic
Analysis
District/Urban
Spatial Plan(RTRWKab.
atau Kota)Including
InfrastructurePlan
StrategicEnvironmental
Assessment(SEA)
Synchronized withhigher level policy
Consultation with Stakeholders
ZoningRegulation(including
Polder)
Describing Strategic Potential
Area for Polder Conservation
Area Retention Ponds
Major Rivers
DetailMaster Plan
District/Urban(RDTRKab.
atau Kota)Including
DetailInfrastructure
Plan
PolderZoning
Direction
Proposed Planning Process for Polder in District/Municipality
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Consultation with Stakeholders
Urban Design/Block Plan
(for new development)
DED& SOP of
Infrastructure(including
Polder)
FeasibilityStudy
Permit Application& Issuing Process *
•Location Permit•Site Plan
Control Permit•Planning Advise
(KRK)•EIA / MitigationMeasures Permit
•BuildingConstruction Permit
•InfrastructureConstruction Permit
EnvironmentalImpact
Assessment(EIA)
InfrastructureConstruction
Monitoring
BuildingConstruction
Monitoring
EIA/MitigationMeasuresMonitoring
PolderInfrastructureConstruction
ProcessLand
Acquisition
Evaluation
Tender
ZoningRegulation(including
Polder)
DetailMaster Plan
District/Urban(RDTRKab.
atau Kota)Including
DetailInfrastructure
Plan
Implementation(Design,Land Acquisition & Construction)
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Consultation with Stakeholders
DEDfor
Polder
Solid Waste&
Wastewater
Monitoring
SOPfor
Polder
PolderBoard
& StakeholdersInvolve
ment
Polder InfrastructureManagement :
Urban WaterManagement
System;Dykes; Retention Basin;Pumping Station & Outlet
Legal Management
Financial Management
Solid Waste & WastewaterManagement
WaterQuality
Monitoring
WaterPollutionControl
InfrastructureImprove
ment
Evaluation
WaterManagement
andFlood System
Monitoring
PolderInfrastructureConstruction
Process
Operation & Maintenance and Evaluation
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Example of Stakeholders Involvement (1)
Steps in CreatingSustainable Polder
CentralGovernment
JakartaProvincial
Government
North JakartaMunicipality
Real EstateDeveloper &Private Com
panies
ProfessionalConsultant &Contractor
Local Communities
Setting Polder Organisationand the Vision of Urban
Polder;Fac Ini Su Su Su Su
Data Collection (Politic,Social, Economical and
Technical Data);Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su
Topographical andInfrastructure Survey; Fac Ini Su Ini Chg Su
Data Analysis (IntegratedApproach –Policy, Socioand Economic Analysis);
Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su
Strategic EnvironmentalAssessment (SEA) ; Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su
Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA); Fac Su Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Regular PublicConsultations; Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su
Legend: Facilitation = Fac; Initiation for Public Projects = Ini*; Initiation for Private Projects = Ini**; In chargewith = Chg; Support = Su.
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Example of Stakeholders Involvement (2)
Steps in CreatingSustainable Polder
CentralGovernment
JakartaProvincial
Government
North JakartaMunicipality
Real EstateDeveloper &Private Com
panies
ProfessionalConsultant &Contractor
Local Communities
Preparation of IntegratedDetail Master Plan (Spatial
Use and Infrastructure),which include:
Drainage and flood controlplan
Clean water treatment anddistribution plan
Pollution control, wastewater (sewage) collection
and treatment plan Solid waste management
planLandscape plan;
Fac Ini Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Preparation of ZoningDirection (including Polder
Direction);Ini Ini Su Su Chg Su
Preparation of Urban DesignPlan; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Legend: Facilitation = Fac; Initiation for Public Projects = Ini*; Initiation for Private Projects = Ini**; In chargewith = Chg; Support = Su.
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Example of Stakeholders Involvement (3)
Steps in CreatingSustainable Polder
CentralGovernment
JakartaProvincial
Government
North JakartaMunicipality
Real EstateDeveloper &Private Com
panies
ProfessionalConsultant &Contractor
Local Communities
Preparation of FeasibilityStudy of Polder; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Land Acquisition Fac Fac Chg Chg Su SuPreparation of Detail
Engineering Design (DED)for Macro Polder System
Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su
Preparation of DetailEngineering Design (DED)
for Micro Polder SystemFac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Controlling the urbansurface runoff with Low
Impact Development (LID)method;
Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Landscape Design; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg SuDevelopment Control; Fac Chg Chg Ini Su Su
Development Facilitation; Fac Fac Fac Su Su SuLaw Enforcement; Fac Chg Chg Su Su Su
Other Aspects Monitoring(Building Design, EIA &
Infrastructure Construction);Fac Chg Chg Su Chg Su
Legend: Facilitation = Fac; Initiation for Public Projects = Ini*; Initiation for Private Projects = Ini**; In chargewith = Chg; Support = Su. Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Example of Stakeholders Involvement (4)
Steps in CreatingSustainable Polder
CentralGovernment
JakartaProvincial
Government
North JakartaMunicipality
Real EstateDeveloper &Private Com
panies
ProfessionalConsultant &Contractor
Local Communities
Preparation of SOP ofPolder; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Infrastructure Construction; Fac Ini Su Su Chg SuMicro Polder Infrastructure
Construction; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Infrastructure Operation andManagement; Fac Chg Chg Chg Chg Su
Legal Management; Fac Chg Su Su Su SuFinancial Management; Fac Chg Su Su Su Su
Other Aspects Management(Solid Waste and
Wastewater);Fac Chg Chg Chg Chg Su
Monitoring (Flood System,Water Pollution, Water
Quality);Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su
Evaluation (Organisation,SOP, Infrastructure, etc); Fac Ini Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Macro Polder InfrastructureImprovement. Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su
Micro Polder InfrastructureImprovement. Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su
Legend: Facilitation = Fac; Initiation for Public Projects = Ini*; Initiation for Private Projects = Ini**; In chargewith = Chg; Support = Su. Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Conclusion
û North of Jakarta needs the Integrated Polder System tobe implemented to mitigate the worsening floods
û Important steps to implement it are:ó Identification of Stakeholdersó Setting up Provincial Polder Organisation with
involvement of all stakeholdersó Follow the Sustainable Polder Development
Frameworkó Involve professional consultants in the development of
Integrated Spatial Plan and Polder Infrastructure Planû Creative Collaboration of all stakeholders is very
important in the planning, design, development control aswell as implementation of the Polder
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Bibliography (1)CKNet Indonesia (2007), Work Program of ToT IWRM & Climate ChangeDemographics and Civil Records Service: Population of the Province of Jakarta January 2008http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1461501471/Population_Explosion.html;http://bpdasctw.wordpress.com/http://bplhd.jakarta.go.id/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Populationmilestones.jpghttp://www.ancol.com/http://www.bappedajakarta.go.id/http://www.bappedajakarta.go.id/linkjktutara.asphttp://www.bappenas.go.id/http://www.bkprn.org/v2/http://www.bpn.go.id/home.aspxhttp://www.bpndki.org/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html, estimated by United States Census Bureau on
5th September 2009;http://www.gwptoolbox.orghttp://www.hkv.nl/default.asp?LanguageID=2http://www.menlh.go.id/http://www.pamjaya.co.id/homehttp://www.penataanruang.net/http://www.pu.go.id/http://www.pub.gov.sg/about/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc100?OpenFormhttp://www.tatakotajakartaku.net/http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/ekbis/2007/02/12/brk,2007021293047,id.htmlhttp://www.yearofplanetearth.org/content/downloads/Megacities.pdf
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com
Bibliography (2)Indonesian Ministries of Public Works and the Netherlands Ministries of Transport, Public Works
and Water Management, and of Spatial Planning, Housing and Environment, Partners for Water,Rijkswaterstaat, and UNESCOIHE (2009), Guidelines on Urban Polder Development,http://www.pusairpu.go.id/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=41
Jakarta Province’s Public Works Department (2008), Flood Mitigation HandbookMinistry of Public Works, Directorate General of Water Resources Management (2008), Jakarta
Floods Project, Flood Hazards Mappinghttp://www.hkv.nl/documenten/Jakarta_Flood_Hazard_Mapping_Framework_MH.pdf
Research and Development Institute of Water Resources (PUSAIR), Ministry of Public Works,Republic of Indonesia (2007), Final Report of Research on Development of Flood ControlTechnology for Sustainable Waterfront City
SCHULTZ, Bart (2006), Opportunities and Threats for Lowland Development, Concepts for WaterManagement, Flood Protection and Multifunctional LandUse. In Proceedings of the 9th InterRegional Conference on EnvironmentWater, 17 19 May, 2006.
TANUWIDJAJA, Gunawan and MALONELEE, Lai Choo (2009), Applying Integrated EcologicalPlanning and Adaptive Landscape Evaluation Tool for Developing Countries in the Framework ofSustainable Spatial Planning and Development, Study Case Bintan Island, Indonesia, InInternational Seminar Positioning Planning in Global Crises, Bandung November 2009,Department of Regional and City Planning, School of Architecture, Planning and PolicyDevelopment, Institut Teknologi Bandung
www.bbc.co.uk
Green Impact Indonesia,
Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –
Planning and Design Consultant
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDFXCHANGE
www.docutrack.com