Focus of the Discussion Focus of the Discussion

Statement of The ProblemObjective of the Study Formulation Hypothesis

/Theory Chose Research Design

Statement of the ProblemStatement of the Problem

Systemic research begins with a problem. Selecting and formulating a problem is one of the most important aspects of doing research in any field.

A research problem is exactly that-a problem that someone would like to research.

A problem can be anything that a person finds unsatisfactory or unsettling, a difficulty of some sort, anything this not working as well as it might.

Statement of the Problem Statement of the Problem (CONT)(CONT)

Research problem should be defined clearly. A researcher must decide the general problem area.

The researcher also should have knowledge or experience in the area in order to ask questions that can be answered through question

Research ObjectivesResearch ObjectivesIn general ,research objectives refer to

the goal of study . Research objectives exactly what the

researcher wants to do.In empirical research there is a relation

between research question and research objectives

Research Question Research Objectives

1. How socio-cultural norms influence in rural women’s education as well as their empowerment?

2. How does gender based factors influence rural women’s education as well as their empowerment?

3. Is there any relationship between Purdah-related norms and women’s education as well as their empowerment?

4. What is the relationship between education and women’s decision-making power at the house hold level?

5. What are the factors that might affect women’s decision-making power (empowerment) at the household level?

1. To examine the awareness of gender-based factors in rural women’s education as well as their empowerment.

2. to identify the role of the practice of Purdah-related norms and its influence on rural women’s education as well as their empowerment.

3. To examine the role of education and how education might help in increasing the level of women’s decision-making power at the household level.

4. To determine the factors that might affect women’s decision-making power (empowerment) at the household level.

Formulation of HypothesisFormulation of HypothesisA hypothesis is a fact whose truth has not yet

been established. The title of this section may not always be

Hypotheses of the Study, but may be entitled Research Questions.

If the study title requires hypothesis, the researcher may formulate hypothesis and hypothesis must be tested.

After testing the hypothesis if it is proved as the truth then hypothesis become theory.

Formulation of Hypothesis (Cont)Formulation of Hypothesis (Cont)

The title of the research will change as the nature of the research changes.

Experimental studies typically have both research hypotheses and statistical hypotheses.

Descriptive and historical (Qualitative) studies may have research questions only.

Example of HypothesisExample of Hypothesis

There is a relation between women education and empowerment

There is a relation between women’s high ambition and divorce

Men are more likely to be doctor and engineer rather than to be a teacher.

Men are more aggressive than women

Theory Formulation Theory Formulation Theory plays an important role in empirical

investigation and inquiry . Theory enables researcher to isolate a problem

from other interconnected problems. The aim of a theory in modern science is to

summarize existing knowledge, to provide an explanation for observed or unobserved events and relationships on the basis of explanatory principles embodied in the theory .

Theories in Social ScienceTheories in Social Science Gender ideology theoryFeminism theory Behavioral theoryFaith theory

Research Design Research Design The fourth step is to choose a research design.

A research design is important to the actual plan for the data collection and analysis of data.

A research design is also research methodology. Methodology refers to the broad perspective from which the researcher views the problem, makes the investigation, and draw conclusion. However, researchers have to select a proper research design.

Researchers will choose research design based on the nature of the study.

Research Design (Cont)Research Design (Cont)The Researcher needs to follow the some

question in planning research design: What the study is about and the type of data is

needed. Why the study is being made. Where the necessary data can be found. Where or in what areas, the study or research will be

carried out. When or what periods of time, the study will include What basis of selection will be used. What techniques of gathering data will be adopted.