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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
Organizational Knowledge Management
as a precursor of Innovation
Jackson Pollock
Original
Presentation in
Portuguese
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
Disclaimer: The ideas presented here are those of
the author and do not necessarily represent those
of SENAI / CETIQT nor Eletrobras Furnas, the SBGC,
the PPED / UFRJ or any institution with which he is
or has been bound by ties of affiliation, services or
hiring.
2
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
Fernando L. Goldman – researcher of the Dynamics of
Organizational Knowledge, Innovation and Competitiveness, a
doctoral candidate in Public Policy, Strategies and Development at
PPED / IE / UFRJ, Master in Production Engineering, UFF, MBA in
Business Management from FGV and electrical engineer at UFRJ.
Former Regional Director (Rio de Janeiro) of SBGC - Brazilian
Society of Knowledge Management (2007-2011). Eletrobras
Furnas Engineer
Who is the speaker?
3
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
�the linear model of innovation;
�innovation in business models;
�a new vision of innovation;
�the theory of organizational knowledge
creation;
�social tools and networks;
�Leadership in Innovative Firms.
Let's talk about:
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To arouse the discussion Our goal:
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
�Science, the Endless Frontier and Vannevar
Bush – 1945;
�paradigm of science and technology
policies, the end of 1950´s;
� the dynamics of innovation model adopted
by most developed countries
The Linear Model of Innovation
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
�This model dominated thinking about the
S&T until recently;
�The problem is that this model is used up to
today by many companies and some public
policymakers.
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The Linear Model of Innovation
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
� In this model, innovation comes from
scientific research and the strategic
positioning of firm defines investments in
R&D* for the creation of Organizational
Knowledge.
The Linear Model of Innovation
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* Applied Research and Experimental Development .
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
�…neglects activities outside the R&D;
�…considers technological innovation as an
act of production, instead of a continuous
social process;
�The relationship between enterprise and
innovation is complex, dynamic and multi-
level .*
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*LAM, A. Organizational Inovation. In: FAGERBERG, J.; MOWERY, D. C.; NELSON, R. Oxford
Handbook of Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2005.
The Linear Model of Innovation…
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
� People are realizing the need for firms to
create innovative business models.
� It is not enough to create products and
processes *
Innovation in business models
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*TEECE, D. J. Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning 43, 2010.
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
� The water analogy for knowledge simply does not
work;
� the simple information processing - or its
accumulation - does not lead to innovation;
� All processes of innovation come from exactly the
subjective beliefs of people or of their images of
the world;
� objectivity X subjectivity (Polanyi)
A new vision of Innovation
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
� Knowledge is inherently paradoxical: it is an
individual construction and, at the same time, is the
result of a social product (the product of a
community) and can not be managed in the usual
sense of the word 'management' .
A New Vision of Innovation
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
� Increasingly, modern society perceives the
current revolution around the use of knowledge
and has sought ways to deal with this new
reality.
� The traditional disciplines (engineering,
administration, economics, etc..) have been
consolidated in the use of classical factors of
production;
* KM – Organizational Knowledge Management
The KM * as multidisciplinary area:
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
After all, what knowledge are we talking about?
To deal with Organizational Knowledge, capabilities
are required to coordinate the creation
(specialization) and use (integration) of different
knowledge*
Which is the relationship between Innovation and
Knowledge Management?
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*DEMSETZ, H. The Theory of the Firm Revisited, v. 4 n. 1 Journal of Law, Economics, and
Organization, p. 141-161, 1988.
The Organizational Knowledge
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
Organizational
Knowledge
Work
Intellectual Capabilities of
individuals
Dynamic Capabilities of
firm
Corporate Education Organizational
Knowledge Management
Contextualization
Factor of Production Factor of Production
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
The Knowledge-Creating Company - Ikujiro
Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi
How Japanese Companies Create the
Dynamics of Innovation (1995)
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A new vision of Innovation
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
� The most quoted book on Knowledge
Management is not about Knowledge
Management.
� It talks about the dynamics of innovation
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A new vision of innovation
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
Like any milestone:
- most often quoted than read, and
- more read than understood
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A new vision of Innovation
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
... it's just one of the many elements of a theory under construction
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The Theory of Organizational
Knowledge Creation
(Nonaka)
A new vision of innovation
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
� Innovation is the result of the
dynamic creation of
Organizational Knowledge *
What does the TOKC say?
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*NONAKA, I.; TOYAMA, R.; KONNO, N. SECI, Ba and Leadership: a unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge
Creation, Long Range Planning, v.33, p. 5-34, 2000
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
Knowledge Management ?
Different approaches to KM
New Approaches
K is seen as static Dynamics of K
unsustainables Firm's longevity
Mainstream
Approaches
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
What is the nature of the firm?
� Firms process information. (Simon)
� Firms create knowledge. (Nonaka)
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
Organizational Knowledge Creation:
Capability of a firm…:
� …to create knowledge,
� …to disseminate it and
� …to incorporate it into products,
services and systems.
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
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Explicit knowledge is
objective, organized,
structured, and can be
made available in
documents, databases,
training videos and
other channels,
traditional or not, of
information sharing.
traditional, or not, of
information sharing.
Tacit knowledge is
subjective, being mainly
based on experience. It
is embedded in people
in the form of
memories, mental
models, views, practical
know-how etc.
They are not two kinds of knowledge, they are two dimensions to the same knowledge.
www.kmgoldman.blogspot.com
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
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How does innovation happen in TOKC?
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
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The paradox of Knowledge?
Organizational Knowledge is a complex and
multidisciplinary theme
Although individual, knowledge is a social product
“People interacting in a certain historical and social context
share information from which they construct social
knowledge as a reality, which in turn influences their
judgment, behavior, and attitude. (Berger; Luckmann, 1966)
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
In TOKC, an innovative firm…:
� …creates knowledge continuously from the
tacit knowledge of their individuals;
� …innovates by synthesis, a dialectical process,
continuous and dynamic, which nurtures the
paradoxes;
� …socially converts tacit knowledge into explicit
and vice versa.
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
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What is Knowledge?
� The way you define knowledge defines how
you manage it (Verna Allee)
� The correct differentiation between Data,
Information and Knowledge
� DIKW is not functional for TOKC
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
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The knowledge in three properties
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
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� Mental models of individuals are transformed in the
informational process, setting new states of
knowledge.
The TOKC vision of Innovation
� Similarly, firms continually create knowledge, setting
up new states of Organizational Knowledge .
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
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Consequences of
obsolescence of Knowledge
for Organizations
Source: Adapted from Drucker (1995)
Fall in Competitiveness
Obsolete Products, Services and Processes
Obsolete Organization Obsolete Groups Obsolete People
Loss of ability to retain existing talents (people)
Inability to innovate in the face of intra or extra information
Decrease in operational results
Stakeholder Pressures
Loss of investment in renewal (people)
The Obsolescence of Knowledge
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
� knowledge creation, as a social phenomenon, is due to the constructive interaction between people in a community.
� Social tools enable the communication of information, accelerating the exchange and interaction. Everything living is organized in networks.
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Social tools and networks
Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
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Leadership in Innovative Firms
� Breaking with Taylorism (The Long Tail);
� Progress more than TQM;
� Skills to deal with intangibles;
� More research skills;
� But the manager is not an academic researcher;
� Researcher is looking for a Theory;
� Manager is looking for a method;
� Most important: There is no "magic formula".
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Rio de Janeiro -20 de outubro de 2011 SEPRO SENAI/CETIQT
Apresentação Fernando Goldman
www.kmgoldman.blogspot.com
Engº Fernando Goldman Email: [email protected]
http://www.slideshare.net/goldman
Questions?
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