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studentpirgs.org
The State of Open Textbooks
International Conference on Online LearningNovember 2011 • Orlando, FL • #aln2011
Nicole AllenThe Student PIRGs
@txtbks
studentpirgs.org
Textbooks cost HOWmuch???
studentpirgs.org
“Student loan debt outpaced credit card debt for the first time last year and is likely to top a trillion dollars this year.”
studentpirgs.org
Students should expect
to spend
$1137 per year
- College Board
studentpirgs.org
250%
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%
1989 1994 1999 2004 2009
Textbooks vs. Inflation
Textbooks
Inflation
Prices are rising
4 times
inflation
- Student PIRGs
studentpirgs.org
26% of tuition @ public 4-year
72% of tuition @ comm. College
- GAO
studentpirgs.org
Market Failure
studentpirgs.org
Producer
Consumer
studentpirgs.org
Publisher
Student Professor
studentpirgs.org
Publisher
Student Professor
FAIL
studentpirgs.org
Rx Drug Company
Patient Doctor
studentpirgs.org
OER
OpenEducationalResources
studentpirgs.org
“Educational materials offered under a license allowing the public to freely use, adapt and
distribute the content”
studentpirgs.org
OERAssessments
Homework Syllabi
Exercises
Lecture Notes
Labs
Video
s
TextbooksTutorials
studentpirgs.org
All Rights Reserved
Some Rights Reserved
vs.
Open Licensing
studentpirgs.org
Criteria 1: Quality
• Covers similar content, with exercises and illustrations
• Written and reviewed by experts
• Used at Harvard, Caltech, UCLA…
Open Textbooks
studentpirgs.org
Criteria 2: Cost
• Freely available online to everyone
• Downloadable and printable at a low cost
• Hard copies typically cost $20-40 and can be sold at the bookstore
Open Textbooks
studentpirgs.org
Criteria 3: Fit• Open license allows instructors
to adapt the text to fit the class
• Update in real time (but no unnecessary new editions)
Open Textbooks
studentpirgs.org
Publisher
Student Professor
Open
Textb
ooks
studentpirgs.org
Open Textbooks By The Numbers
studentpirgs.org
StudentsSpring 2010 and 2011
Surveys of ~1000
studentpirgs.org
70% report not buying a textbook due
to cost
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
87% of those students believe it
hurts grades
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
$175.48 average cost of traditional
textbook
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
$224.9
5
How much does this calculus text cost?
studentpirgs.org
Ways to Save• Rentals
• E-Books
• E-Readers
• Used Books
studentpirgs.org
Used Books
Rentals
E-Books
E-Readers
25%
61%
52%
39%
Average Savings
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
$135.02 average spent on trad.
textbook
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
75% prefer print
25% prefer digital
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
Other studies found that flips after using
an iPad
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
66% would keep some books for the future
34% would rent them all
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
E-Readers
E-Books
Rentals
1%
8%
33%
Maximum Savings
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
$28
$0 pdf
How much does this open textbook cost?
studentpirgs.org
$27.68 average spent on open
textbooks
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
$107.34 average open textbook savings
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
Maximum Savings
E-Readers
E-Books
Rentals
Open Textbooks
1%
8%
33%
80%
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
FacultyInformal survey of 114 faculty at trade show
studentpirgs.org
62% Had heard of open textbooks
studentpirgs.org
33% Knew what open textbooks were
studentpirgs.org
13% Had considered using an open
textbook
studentpirgs.org
3% Had used an open textbook at some
point
studentpirgs.org
$10,734 Avg. savings per 100
student class
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
$10,114$75,000 401(k) after 40 years
$20,115Down Payment On First Home
$24,5754 Years Tuition At Iowa State
401(k)
Economics90 Students
Calculus150 Students
Physics185 Students
Savings from switching to open textbooks.
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
96% Would use an open textbook
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
MediaOpen Textbooks in
the News
studentpirgs.org
0
50
100
150
200
250
26
75
129
221
Articles Mentioning Open Textbooks
2008 2009 2010 2011
studentpirgs.org
ModelsHow open
textbooks are being created
studentpirgs.org
Individuals• Wider distribution
of work
• Sabbatical projects
• Personal motivation
Models
Robert Beezer
“The world didn’t need another linear algebra book. It needed a free one.”
linear.ups.edu
studentpirgs.org
Institutions• Pool resources
with other colleges with similar needs
• Pass policies supporting faculty use of OER
Models
Community College Consortium for OER
More than 200 colleges working to review, create and promote OER.
oerconsortium.org
studentpirgs.org
Foundations• Grants or prizes to
OER authors
• Support the development of sustainable models
Models
studentpirgs.org
State Gov’t• Investment in OER
to reduce higher ed costs
• Federal investment in OER that improves access/quality
OER Models
WA recently launched OER library for its 81 largest courses.
The 1st year will save students $1.3 million.
opencourselibrary.org
studentpirgs.org
Federal Gov’t• Invest in
“generic” OER content that can be localized
• Require open license for all taxpayer funded resources
OER Models
US Dept. of Labor created $2 billion grant program to improve job training.
The first wave of grants required a CC BY license on all materials created.
studentpirgs.org
Publishers• Lots of room for
improvement on traditional model
• Business models built around books rather than on them
OER Models
Commercial open textbook publisher
Revenue (incl. royalties) from selling optional print copies, study aids.
flatworldknowledge.com
studentpirgs.org
Case StudyFlat World Knowledge
Great Textbooks
Student Choices
Top Authors
Professionally Developed
FullySupported
Saleable Formats
Openly Licensed
Openly Licensed
CustomizationPlatform
FreeOnline
Study Aids
Source: Flat World Knowledge (www.flatworldknowledge.com)
New Authors and New Books Published 2007-2011
2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-20120
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
19
2422
2926
0
10
14
26
34
New authors under contract New Books Published
Source: Flat World Knowledge (www.flatworldknowledge.com)
Growth in Adoptions Fall 2009-Fall 2011
0
400
800
1200
1600
352
889
1686
379% increasefrom 2009-2011
Source: Flat World Knowledge (www.flatworldknowledge.com)
Growth in Unique School Adoption Fall 2009-Fall 2011
0
200
400
600
800
226 413
737
226% increasefrom 2009-2011
Source: Flat World Knowledge (www.flatworldknowledge.com)
Top Reasons for Adopting a FWK Open Textbook
1. Free Online Version (1.35)2. Quality of Text’s Content (1.43)3. Prices of Format Choices (1.45)4. Availability of Format Choices (1.81)5. Concept of an Open Textbook (2.04)6. Availability of Supplements (2.39)7. Customizability of Core Content (2.68)8. Control over new edition timing (2.72)9. Easy Integration with LMS (2.89)10. Reputation of authors (3.80)
1= Extremely Important 2= Somewhat Important 3= Part of the Decision 4= Not a Major Factor 5 = Not Really a Consideration
Teaching Experience Of Adopters(2011)
1-5 years
6-10 years
11-15 years
16-20 years
over 20 years
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0%
25.0%
23.9%
14.1%
7.6%
29.3%
Source: Flat World Knowledge (www.flatworldknowledge.com)
Percent of Use of Textbook Formats
Black & White or
Color book; 30%
PIY pdfs; 15%
Audiobook; 3%
E-reader files, 6%
Free On-line book;
46%
Source: Flat World Knowledge (www.flatworldknowledge.com)
“Early indications are that more students are staying
in these courses, and that the ones taking advantage
of the seat license via a laptop, personal computer or
smart phone earned a full grade higher than those
that don’t.”
-Andrew Feldstein, Asst. Prof. of Marketing, VSU.
Source: Flat World Knowledge (www.flatworldknowledge.com)
studentpirgs.org
The State of Open Textbooks
International Conference on Online LearningNovember 2011 • Orlando, FL • #aln2011
Nicole AllenThe Student PIRGs
@txtbks
