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8/3/2019 2011: Challenges for an Inclusive Europe
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Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
2011: Challenges for an Inclusive
Europe.1st Global Conference of UNESCO Chairs in
Higher Education
Maria Helena Nazaré
Former Rector Universidade de Aveiro
EUA´s Vice President and President elect
Portugal
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Ø Demographics (and other challenging) Issues
• Workforce (re)qualification
• Integration of immigrants
Ø Revisit University Mission
• Think Globally and act Locally (???)
• From Ivory Tower, trough Oil Well into Watch
Tower to become a Light House; Universities
CANNOT stay aloof of societal challenges?!
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
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100Mill. -71 Mill.
700 Mill.- 251Mill.
250Mill. -
101Mill.
1.300Mill. -701Mill.70
Mill. -< =
30
World Population 2010 – 6,909 billion
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
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2010
Europe’spopulation
(- 42 million)
2050
+ 2.2 billion
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
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2010
2050
0 -14 15 - 24
25 - 59; 60+
% AG
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Demographics: (It’s happening NOW!)
Over the next decade the percentage of the population over the age of 60will grow to over 30% to 40% in the U.S., Europe, and parts of Asia.Ageing populations present workforce challenges (qualification) and
need higher support from the public purse (health and pensions).
Global disparities in wealth and economic opportunity are drivingpopulation migration, resulting in growing immigrant and minoritypopulations that both diversify and challenge existing cultures,economies, and politics. (Education)
The gap between the very rich and the very poor is widening. Better andstronger policies for improvement of social inclusion and cohesion areneeded.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
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Further challenges
atEuropean Level
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
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IR
NO
SW FL
ES
FR
UK
GE
PL
BE
NL
DK
CH
IT
BG
PT
UA
LT
RO
MD
BY
LV
SK
HU
SR
MC
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
GR
AL
BH
CRSL
AT
CZ
ES
MT KZ
0% 20%
0% -20%-20% -40%-40% -60%
In the EU 27, the 20-
24 age group willdecrease by 23.3%in 2050
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(Adverse Demography challenge KE)
The Knowledge Economy
Depends upon the creation and application of new knowledge and
hence upon educated people and their ideas.
The strength, prosperity, and welfare of a nation in a globalknowledge economy demand a highly educated citizenry enabled
by the development of a strong system of tertiary education.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
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A Inclusive Knowledge Economy needs:
A strong system of tertiary education able to deal with 20year olds but as well as with the qualification andrequalification of older generation of actives.
It also requires world-class research institutions with thecapacity to discover new knowledge and transfer it into themarketplace.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Europe needs a Diverse and
Differentiated HE System
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Values of Citizenship
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Demographics
Change in theEducational
Needs
Knowledge Society
Diverse and Differentiated HE System
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• Combat social exclusion of migrants: Internationalmigrants are a source of dynamism to the innovativecapacity and to the economy of the country. Get secondgeneration into HE.
•
Respond to unemployment and shifting labour needs.
• Generational tension. Education
Turning threats into opportunities: AdequatePolicies supported by research.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
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Challenges to Institutions. Are they too heavy?
Ø Dramatically broaden participation in higher education tobuild a competitive workforce. Tertiary and Pos Graduate.Continuing and Life Long. Help to integrate minorities andbuild inter generational bridges.
Ø Build world-class research Universities. Competition for
brains is getting tougher. Need to examine the rationale.Cream needs milk.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
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ØThe diversity of higher education needs, both on the part of diverseconstituencies (young students, professions, adult learners) andsociety (teaching, research, economic development, culturalrichness) demand a ecosystem of institutional types.
Ø A differentiated system of higher education is necessary toaccomplish the goals of massification and world-class quality, but itassigns different roles and different levels of support to variousinstitutions.
ØParity of esteem is essential but in Europe almost non-existent
ØDifferent Profiles—Same Institution???. Corsortia??
Different Profiles
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Di ifi i d Dif i i f Hi h Ed i
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Behare
Economic, geopolitical, and demographic forces could drivea massive restructuring of higher education enterprise, similar to that experienced by other sectors (banking,communication, energy).
Movement toward a revenue-driven, market-responsivehigher education system since there is no way that our current tax systems can support both massification andquality in the face of other needs (e.g., of the elderly).
Market forces are rapidly overwhelming public policy andpublic investment in determining the future course of higher education
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Di ifi ti d Dif ti ti f Hi h Ed ti
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Different Institutions
Or Same InstitutionWith
Segmented Mission.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
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The struggle for excellence. A old fashioned idea of University. Linked ONLY with research performance.
Rankings. Conflict of interests?
Do Universities have the appropriate Instruments?
Continuing and Life Long. Who pays for it?
Ensuring Quality.
The hurdles:
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Di ifi ti d Dif ti ti f Hi h Ed ti
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A Different idea of University. Diversity within.
Research.
Education.
Cooperation
with societyInnovation
L L L
Equity
Ø Not only producers and imparters of knowledge but drivers of innovation anda part of the fabric of a knowledge based inclusive society at regional level.Make the research results relevant for our next door neighbour!
Ø Respond to the shifting needs of labour market. Network to fightunemployment and retrain actives. Use the University tool box.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Di ifi ti d Dif ti ti f Hi h Ed ti
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Modernized idea of the Research university as anorganization with a segmented mission and clear vision; An institution that
Recognizes the need for knowledge creation throughinteraction among the different disciplines, from thehard sciences and technologies to humanities andsocial sciences, not with the ambition of solving all the
problems but to start addressing them in a more adequateway by pooling resources and drawing expertise fromdifferent fields.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
University with a segmented mission and a clear vision
Di ifi ti d Dif ti ti f Hi h Ed ti
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Modernized idea of the Research university as anorganization with a segmented mission and clear vision; An institution that
Recognizes the need for knowledge transfer inpartnership with the region. The region must feel thebenefice of the research activities of the University.
Responds to the shifting needs of labour market. Networksto fight unemployment and retrain actives. Uses theUniversity tool box.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
University with a segmented mission and a clear vision
Di ifi ti d Dif ti ti f Hi h Ed ti
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Ideas to help the front runners:
Plan but use flexibility. Leadership matters and Champions
are needed
Emphasis on the public service side of LLL. Involve theregion.
Not everybody can or should do it. Reward goodperformance. Parity of esteem – is it possible?
Look into the University tool box.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education
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What do we need to have in the tool box:
• Leadership at diferent levels.
• Appropriate decision making mechanisms.
• Bologna tools. (As manny as we possibly can!)
• Diversity within. Pride in being so.
• Cooperation with the region.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education
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Further challenges
atGlobal Level
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education
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Global Challenges === Threats to Democratic Societiy?!
§ Economic and finantial meltdown caused by the banking sector in
2008 is turning into a global economic crises.
§
Could it have been otherwise? ( Etics plus Information turned into
Knowledge)
§ Fears about nuclear power may lead to deep energy crises.
§Could it/Can it have been avoided ? (Geological information was/is
available)
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education
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Could it have been (be)avoided? Almost certainly!
Are we going to repeat the
mistakes?Almost certainly!
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education
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All Universities share the responsability to contribute in theprocess of dealing with the XXI Social Challenges:
ØThe region where the university is located should feel thebenefict of that action, ( use the Universty tool box to do more
for the bulk of the population). ØContribute to the public understanding of Science
ü Educate sustainability aware citizensü
Informing Public PoliciesØLeadership mattersØNot a single model of university. Segmented mission and clear vision
CONCLUSIONS
Diversification and Diferentiation of Higher Education,
Dubrovnik, Croatia 14-15 October 2011.
8/3/2019 2011: Challenges for an Inclusive Europe
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Light House
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the University of Aveiro as atrigger for networking and adriving force for a learning region