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SUS+ CCWG COP 17SUS+ CCWG COP 17Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms and Nuclear Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms and Nuclear Inclusion in CDMInclusion in CDM

2011.10.162011.10.16Presenter: Fid AnuarPresenter: Fid Anuar

Dept of Environment SystemsDept of Environment SystemsGraduate School of Frontier SciencesGraduate School of Frontier Sciences

University of TokyoUniversity of Tokyo

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Presentation Overview

Intro to Kyoto Protocol Mechanism (KPM)

Joint Implementation

Clean Development Mechanism

International Emission Trading

History of KPM Negotiation

Issues Regarding KPM in COP17

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Introduction to Kyoto Protocol Mechanism

Source: CDM in Charts http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/835/attach/charts.pdf

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Country Definition in Kyoto Protocol

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DARK GREEN - Annex I & II countries (agree and ratify Kyoto Protocol)

GREEN - Non Annex I countries (agree and ratify Kyoto Protocol)

GREY - Countries that have not yet decided

BROWN - No intention to ratify at this stage

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Joint Implementation (JI)

Source: CDM in Charts http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/835/attach/charts.pdf

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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Source: CDM in Charts http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/835/attach/charts.pdf

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Condition of CDM Project

Source: CDM in Charts http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/835/attach/charts.pdf

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International Emission Trading (IET)

Source: CDM in Charts http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/835/attach/charts.pdf

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So, how Annex 1 countries calculate their emission cap?

Source: CDM in Charts http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/835/attach/charts.pdf

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General History of KPM Negotiations in COP

Buenos Aires Plan of Action, Argentina (1998) - COP 4

- establish 140 list of action that necessitated agreement before countries could ratify the Protocol (http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop4/16a01.pdf)

Bonn Agreement, Germany (2001) - COP 6 bis

-first agreement on flexible mechanism of Kyoto Protocol

- George W Bush become US President, US refused to ratify the Protocol (

http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop6secpart/l07.pdf)

Marrakech Accord (2001) - COP 7

-operational rules for IET

- accounting rules for flexible mechanism

(http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop7/13a01.pdf) (http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop7/13a02.pdf)

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KPM Related Issues for COP17

CDM Related:

• Materiality standard under the Clean Development Mechanism

• Standardized baselines under the CDM (from CMP 5)

• Implications of the inclusion of reforestation of lands with forest in exhaustion as afforestation and reforestation CDM project activities (http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cmp5/eng/l10.pdf)

• The implications of the establishment of new hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22)

• Implications of possible changes to the limit established for small-scale afforestation and reforestation CDM project activities

• Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) as CDM project activities

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Inclusion of Nuclear Power as CDM Project: Background

BUT, at 2nd week of COP 15 in Copenhagen, Denmark, AWG-KP opened the door for nuclear power in draft text on a possible new agreement

What about inclusion of nuclear power plant into CDM??

- In Marrakech Accord, it was decides that `Annex I parties are to refrain from using CER generated from nuclear facilities to meet their quantified GHG emissions

reduction targets` (http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop7/13a02.pdf)

In the draft text, the chair presented three options on nuclear power which could be adopted.

SO, COME THE THREE OPTIONS

( two is NO Case and one is YES Case)

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Inclusion of Nuclear Power as CDM Project: The NO Case

But, in AWG-KP Sixteenth Session in Panama (1-7 October,2011)…

(http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/awg16/eng/crp02r01.pdf

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Option 1: - Decides - that activities relating to nuclear facilities shall not be eligible under the CDM/JI - in the second commitment period

Option 2: - Recognizes - that Parties included in Annex I to the Convention that are also Parties to the Kyoto Protocol - are to refrain from using CER/ERU generated from nuclear facilities - to meet their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments;

- Revised proposal by the Chair to facilitate negotiations, Chap. 3, Emission Trading and Project Based Mechanism, for both CDM and JI:

STRICT NO

SOFT NO

Current situationStrict option

The NO Case

OPTION 2: This would have the effect of allowing nuclear power credits to be claimed for nuclear power stations in all non-Annex 1 countries.

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Inclusion of Nuclear Power as CDM Project: The YES Case

Option 3, Paragraph 1

- Decides - that activities relating to nuclear facilities that commenced operation on or after 1 January 2008 - shall be eligible under the CDM/JI - in the second and subsequent commitment periods;

Option 3, Paragraph 2

- Requests - the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice - to recommend modalities and procedures for the inclusion under the CDM of the activities referred to in paragraph above, - with a view to forwarding a draft decision on this matter to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol for adoption at its 8th session

What’s the difference with current situation? The YES option

(means that considering for future negotiation in COP 17)

• most probably proposed by Annex I countries that support nuclear proliferation

• This option would not only allow new nuclear power stations to earn credits under the CDM but also back date the start time two years.

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Which Country Supports / Opposes the Idea

SUPPORT

• Japan

• US

• UK

• France

• Canada

OPPOSE

• Pacific Island nations

• Indonesia

• Germany

• Denmark

• NGO like Greenpeace

• since there is strong anti-nuclear lobby group in COP, these three options negotiation remains undecided from COP 15

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Conclusion

• nuclear is not listed in the UNFCCC website as one of the main negotiation points for Kyoto Protocol Mechanism in COP 17

• HOWEVER, based on the AWG-KP session last two weeks, there is a possibility of future negotiation regarding nuclear in CDM/JI issue

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