2012 03-24

Updated March 2012

Introduction to

Buddhism2012/03/24

Buddhist Association of CanadaCham Shan Temple

Updated March 2012

Buddhist Association of CanadaCham Shan Temple

ná mó fó tuó南無佛陀

Namo Buddha

ná mó dá mó 南無達摩

Namo Dharma

ná mó sēng qié南無僧伽

Namo Sangha

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

Previous Classes Review



佛教的教理 – Dharma, Teaching of Buddha1. 三法印 3 Dharma Seals

2. 四依法 4 Reliance

3. 十善 10 Good Deeds

4. 四聖諦 4 Noble Truths

5. 八正道 8 Fold Path

6. 十二因緣 12 Links of Causation

7. 六度 6 Paramitas

8. 八萬四千法門 84,000 Approaches



Buddhist Belief

“Every existent is compounded by causes and conditions and is void of an independent self”

THE TEACHINGS OF THE BUDDHA by Dharma Master Fa-Fang



三法印 – 3 Zeal of the Dharma

諸行無常Impermanent

諸法無我No self

湼槃寂靜Nirvana



Four Noble Truths 四諦十六行相

道Eightfold Path to end suffering道 , 理 , 行 , 出

苦 Suffering苦 , 無常 , 空 , 無我

集 Cause of suffering集 , 因 , 生 , 緣

滅 Cessation of the cause of suffering滅 , 靜 , 妙 , 離

果Effect

因Cause

世間Mundane

出世間Supra-mundane



Dukkha

1 ordinary suffering (dukkha-dukkha)

2 dukkha as produced by change (veparinama-dukkha)

3 dukkha as conditioned states (samkhara-dukkha)



Dukkha as conditioned states

Most important philosophical aspect of the First Noble Truth

The Buddha says :– 'In short these five aggregates of attachment

are dukkha’

– 'O bhikkhus, what is dukkha? It should be said that it is the five aggregates of attachment’



The Five Aggregates

1. Form

2. Sensations

3. Perceptions

4. Mental Formations and Volition

5. Consciousness



Yogacara - Mind Only school

VasanasStore Consciousness

subconscious - subliminal(Alayavijñana) 8

Function Consciousness (6 kinds)

(Pravrittivijñana)

Other SkandhasConditions

Arising of the ego-consciousness (manas) 7



Five aggregates

The five aggregates are in flux of momentary arising and disappearing

One thing disappears, conditioning the appearance of the next in a series of cause and effect.

There is no unchanging substance in them.

There is nothing behind them that can be called a permanent Self (Atman)



No Soul-Anatta

Mere suffering exists, but no sufferer is found; The deeds are, but no doer is found

Buddhaghosa

There is no unmoving mover behind the movement

Thought itself is the thinker



Second Noble Truth

集 Cause of suffering集 , 因 , 生 , 緣因

Cause

世間Mundane



The Arising of Dukkha

Depends on ’thirst', desire, greed, craving or attachment to

Sense pleasure Views Conceptions

Wealth and Power Opinions Beliefs

Ideas and Ideals Theories




Thirst gives rise to all forms of suffering and the continuity of beings

Thirst depends for its arising (samudaya) on sensation (vedana)

Sensation depends on contact (phassa)

And so on….

‘Thirst' has as its centre the false idea of self arising out of ignorance



Ignorance (Avidya) 無明Delusion, full of confusion ( 惑 ) – the fundamental seeds of all sufferings.Two

categories: 1. Incorrect understanding or misconception ( 見惑 )2. Incorrect thoughts ( 思惑 ) – the function of incorrect understandingFour contra-facts ( 四顛倒 ): Take impermanence, sufferings, no-self, unclean as

permanence happiness self clean ( 以無常苦無我不淨為常樂我淨 ) :: 依四念處消除顛倒「觀身不淨、觀受是苦、觀心無常、觀法無我」。

Four severity levels of Avidya: People with sharp faculties believe in and accept the Dharma teaching as soon as they are exposed to; with fruitful present conditions believe in and accept the Dharma teaching after diligent effort by the expounders; with weak faculties or little good deeds believe in and accept the Dharma after persevered effort by the expounders; with severe karmic obstacles never believe in or respect the Dharma teaching in this lifetime. 或

有利根，聞即信受。或有善果，勤勸成就。或有暗頓，久化方歸。或有業重，不生景仰。 ( 地藏菩薩本願經 Ksitagarbha Bodhisattva’s Fundamental

Vows Sutra)Complete cleansing of misconceptions and incorrect thoughts is the first level of

enlightenment – Shravaka ( 聲聞 )



6 Fundamental Avidyas 六根本煩惱

Greed ( 貪 )

Anger ( 瞋 )

Ignorance ( 癡 )

Arrogance ( 慢 )

Doubt about Dharma ( 疑 )

Incorrect understanding or misconception ( 見惑 )

Self ( 身見 ) – me, I have, I am ( 我 , 我所 , 我主 )

Dichotomy ( 邊見 ) – this or that, existence or empty

Precept ( 戒取見 ) – e.g. asceticism ( 苦行 )

Prejudices or bias ( 見取見 )

All other improper views ( 邪見 ) – the law of causality



Causes of an Human Being

There are four Nutriments (ahara) in the sense of 'cause' or 'condition’ necessary for the existence and continuity of beings:

1. Ordinary material food

2. Contact of our sense-organs with the external world

3. Consciousness

4. Mental volition or Will (It creates the root of existence and continuity, striving forward by way of good and bad actions (4th aggregate)



十二因緣與三世因果 12 Links in Chain of Causation - 3 Periods in Life Cycle

過去因 2 past causes

惑 Avidya 無明 Delusion

業 Karma 行 Action

現世果5 present effects

苦 Dukkha

識 Consciousness

名色 Name and form (corporeality and mentality)

六入 Six sense organs

觸 Contact/Impression

受 Perception/Feeling

現世因3 present causes

惑 Avidya 愛 Desire/Craving

取 Grasping/Clinging

業 Karma 有 Existence

未來果2 future effects

苦 Dukkha

生 Birth

老死 Death



12 Links of Causation



www.ChamShanTemple.org

www.shengguangshi.blogspot.comShengguang Shi 釋聖光Tom Cheung 張湘棠Kam Cheung 張仁勤

Questions and Comments 討論



yuàn xiāo sān zhàng zhū fán năo

願消三障諸煩惱We wish to rid ourselves of the three hindrances and all klesas.

yuàn dé zhì huì zhēn míng lĭao

願得智慧真明了We wish to gain wisdom and real understanding.

pŭ yuàn zuì zhàng xī xiāo chú

普願罪障悉消除 We wish all sinful hindrances to be totally eradicated.

shì shì cháng xíng pú sà dào

世世常行菩薩道In one life after another we always follow Bodhisattvas’ paths.

回向Parinamana (Transfer of Merit)




The arising of dukkha is within dukkha itself

Thus dukkha (Five Aggregates) has within itself the nature of its own arising, and has also within itself the nature of its own cessation



名色 Name and Form

The four great elements: Solid, Liquid, Gas, Energy begin to converge ( 四大 , 地水火風聚合 ) into five aggregates / skandhas ( 五蘊、五蔭 ), creates the fetus from which body, organs, and senses begin to develop.



The doctrine of no soul: Anatta

Paticca-samuppada 'Conditioned Genesis’: 1. Through ignorance are conditioned volitional

actions or karma-formations 2. Through volitional action is conditioned

consciousness 3. Through consciousness are conditioned

mental and physical phenomena 4. Through mental and physical physical

phenomena are conditioned the six faculties 5. Through the six faculties is conditioned

contact



The doctrine of no soul: Anatta 6. Through (sensorial and mental) contact is

conditioned sensation 7. Through sensation is conditioned desire,

'thirst’ 8. Through desire ('thirst') is conditioned

clinging 9. Through clinging is conditioned the process

of becoming 10. Through the process of becoming is

conditioned birth 11. Through birth are conditioned 12. decay, death



Five effects in the present 現在果

識 Consciousness名色 Name and Form六入 Cognitive Sense faculties/organs觸 Contact - Our sense organs or faculties begin to receive external stimuli.受 Feelings - Five types: Sadness, Happiness, Depression, Joy, Equanimity ( 苦樂憂喜捨 )



Three causes in the present 現在因愛 Attachments - Dwelling on things, tangible or intangible, dwelling on likes and dislikes.取 Grasping - Driven by our attachments, we pursue conditions.有 Existence - New seeds resulted from grasping are deposited in ourconsciousness. These seeds with proper conditions will produce the future rebirth.



Dukkha effect in the future 未來苦果生 Birth, the karmic effect of our current Attachment, Grasping, and Existence. As soon as there is Birth, Aging and Death are unavoidable.老死 Aging and Death, Death is the worst of all sufferings: Buddha told us it’s like “a live turtle being de-shelled” 『生龜脫殼』 , and like “a live body being sliced up by blizzard of knives” 『風刀解體』



Cultivation approach 修道解脫

The repeating cycle of death-and-rebirth never ends unless the chain is broken.

Control the three causes in the present life: Attachments ( 愛 ), Grasping ( 取 ), and Existence ( 有 ).

Breaking out from the chain to liberates from the vicious suffering cycle of death-and-rebirth.

Pratyeka-Buddha ( 緣覺 ) accomplish their level of enlightenment by breaking out of the chain.

Date post:	22-Apr-2015
Category:	Spiritual
Upload:	tom
View:	435 times
Download:	4 times

2012 03-24

Spiritual