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Quo Vadis, e-Learning?Quo Vadis, e-Learning?Carlos Delgado KloosCarlos Delgado Kloos
Universidad Carlos III de MadridUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid
www.it.uc3m.es/cdkwww.it.uc3m.es/cdk
Industrial Age
Expansion of secondary sector
Increase in Gross Domestic Product
Rising income levels
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Mass Production
Efficient division of labour
Specialization and synchronization
Importance of following the rules
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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(Mass) Instruction
Prussian education system
Controlled by the state
Compulsory education
Teacher certification
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Skills
Reading, writing and arithmetic
Strict education in ethics, duty,discipline and obedience
Efficiency through division ofstudents by ageideas into subjectsschool days into periods
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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The Chalkboard was invented 1814 by James Pillans,a Scottish teacher.He wanted all the students to seewhat he was writing.
Education = Information Transfer
Information was scarce
A few gifted ones (the professors)were the source of information
The goal of the students wasto swallow the information
Assessment was expensive andtherefore done for final mark
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Radical change!
Context has changed Society has changed:
New skills are neededTechnologies have
new affordances
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Education should respond to
needed skills can harness new
affordances of technologies
Information Age
Knowledge Society
Data, Informationand Knowledge
Information is easy to access
The advances in IThave been tremendousin the last 40 years
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Memory 1970: 128 KB 1980: 512 KB 1990: 4 MB 2000: 512 MB 2010: 4 GB
19702010: 104
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Flickr by derekGavey
Connection speed (Modem) 1970: 0,3 Kbit/s 1980: 1,2 Kbit/s 1990: 19,2 Kbit/s 2000: 56 Kbit/s 2010 (VSDL2): 50.000 Kbit/s
19702010: 105
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Computation 1970: 0,1 MIPS 1980: 1 MIPS 1990: 100 MIPS 2000: 1.000 MIPS 2010: 100.000 MIPS
19702010: 106
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Source: Wikipedia
Disk 1970: 0,01 GB 1980: 0,03 GB 1990: 0,1 GB 2000: 10 GB 2010: 10.000 GB
19702010: 106
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Source: Wikipedia
Flickr by dtrimarchi
Cost reduction 1970: 5.000.000 $ 1980: 200.000 $ 1990: 20.000 $ 2000: 2.000 $ 2010: 500 $
19702010: 104
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Source: Wikipedia
Wait a Minute: Am I Lecturing?
How big was the improvement
from 1970 to 2010 in CompSpeed
*CommSpeed*Disk* Memory
*CostRed?
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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10181025
Left hand: 1018
Right hand:1025
Are we ready for(teaching and learning in)
the information age?
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Implications of New Era
Less friction
Smaller granularity
Faster adaptability
Personalization
Globalization
New challenges
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Less Friction
Bill Gates (The Road Ahead): Friction-free capitalism
Friction is everything that keeps markets from functioning as the perfect competition
Friction can be distance, costs, wrong info, …
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Granularity of Communication
Postal letter 100 Kbyte, 30 min to write (3 days to receive)
E-mail message (1971) 10 Kbyte, 3 min to write (instantaneous)
SMS text (1992), Twitter tweet (2006) 100 Bytes, 30 sec to write (instantaneous)
Like recommendation (2010) 1 Byte, 3 sec to write (instantaneous)
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Increased Pace
Speed in Stock Exchanges
Different way of working
Research literature
Different learning needs and habits?
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Mass Customization
You are unique
You are not normal
Snowflake effect
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Globalization
No distances
No borders
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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New Skills needed
New challenges: new expertise needed
Solve wicked problems
Globalised world
Multidisciplinary approach
Work in teams
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Digitize everythingDigitize everything
1. Digitize educational material1. Digitize educational material
2. Digitize actors & context2. Digitize actors & context
3. Digitize the educational process3. Digitize the educational process
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1. Digitize educational material
Educational multimedia (content and assessment)
Electronic textbooks Flexbooks
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Digital Images of Documents
Carlos Delgado Kloos
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Works without electricityBurnable to make fire
Perfectly copiableSearchable
EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
Educational Material
OpenCourseWare
Connexions, cnx.org
SMETE, www.smete.org
MERLOT, www.merlot.org
Gooru, www.goorulearning.org
www.watchknowlearn.org
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Flickr by OliverN5
www.khanacademy.org
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eBooks
a
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iBooks
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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.iba
.itmsp .ibooks
CreationDistribution
Consumption
Only on Mac
Only on iPad
iBooks
Multimedia content Videos 3D models Image galleries Interactive animation Review (assessment)
Highlights and notes User-made flashcards
Distribution
…
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Still too rigid?
Flexbooks
Customizable books, www.ck12.org
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2. Digitize Actors & Context
Social networks &MOOCs
3D virtual worlds,Augmented Reality &Games
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Who was fascinated
by the animation?
Digital Image ofPersons & Context
Carlos Delgado Kloos
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EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
Ed. Social Networks:Mixable
From Purdue U for their students
www.purdue.edu/mixable
EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)Carlos Delgado Kloos
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Ed. Social Networks:HotSeat
Micro-discussions in and out of class
Integrates with Facebook and Twitter
Also from Purdue U
www.itap.purdue.edu/studio/hotseat/
EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)Carlos Delgado Kloos
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Educational Social Networks:OpenStudy
openstudy.com
EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)Carlos Delgado Kloos
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MOOCs
Massive Open Online Courses Sebastian Thrun
Stanford U Udacity
MITx: www.mitx.mit.edu
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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3D Worlds
Complete digitization ofPersons (through avatars) andenvironment
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Examples
Open Wonderland
Croquet, Qwaq
Open Sim
Second Life
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Hype Cycle: Virtual Worlds
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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AR: Definition
Augmented reality (AR) is a term for a live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generatedsensory input,such as soundor graphics.
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Hype Cycle: Augmented Reality
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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3. Digitize educational process
Learning analyticsReally learning?
GamificationEmotion
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Flickr by DarkB4Dawn
Digital Image of Learning Process
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www.khanacademy.org
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Open Learning Initiative (CMU)
oli.web.cmu.edu/openlearning/
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Analytics
Process of developing optimalor realistic decisionrecommendations based oninsights derived through theapplication of statistical modelsand analysis against existingand/or simulated future data
Useful in many fieldsBusinessHealthEducation
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Learning Analytics
Get information of the educational processand use it to improve it
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Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University
Hype Cycle: Social Analytics
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Initiatives
solaresearch.org, lak12.sites.olt.ubc.ca
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Big data initiatives
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Gamification
Use of game design techniques tosolve problems and engage audiences
"By 2015, more than 50% of all organizations that manage innovation processes will gamify those processes" -- Gartner, April 2011
Elements:Game mechanics
Game dynamics
Game aesthetics
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Hype Cycle: Gamification
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Game Mechanics
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Constructs used in games toencourage gameplayChallenges, MissionsPoints
Virtual currency
LeaderboardsAchievements
Badges, Levels
Progress bar
Game Dynamics
Game dynamics arefeedback mechanismsthat motivate playersto progress througha game/scenario
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Game Aesthetics
Aesthetics describesthe desirableemotional responsesevoked in the players,when they interactwith the game system
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Examples
www.codecademy.com
www.happyprog.com/pairhero
www.busuu.com
www.commendablekids.com
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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a
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Further changes ahead
Badges Accreditation
New players will appear in the educational sector or existing ones will change/extend their roles
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Flickr by Cocoabiscuit
Summary
From Industrial to Information Age
Tremendous advances in terms ofComputing and Communication capabilities
Implications in pace, challenges, and needs
Digitalization of Educational materialActors and context Learning process
New order in education
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Flickr by dwrawlinson
Skills and Technologies
Industrial Age
Skills needed Obedience Rigid curriculum Local context
Technologies Slow communication Difficult access
Education Instruction
Information AgeSkills needed
Creativity
Flexibility
Global context
Technologies Instant communication
Pervasiveness
Education Construction
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Flickr by marcp_dmoz
Conclusion
Carlos Delgado Kloos EDUCON 2012 Keynote (Marrakesh, Morocco, 2012-04-20)
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Let's get liberated fromLet's get liberated fromIndustrial Age style educationIndustrial Age style education
Let's use Information Age toolsLet's use Information Age toolsto teach Information Age skillsto teach Information Age skills
Flickr by Catherine Murray
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Thank you very much!