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AOTA PD/AFC Conference 2012
Fieldwork Education Systematic Mapping Review
Michael Roberts, MS, OTR/L AFC, Tufts University
Overview
• Barb Hooper, PhD, OTR, FAOTA from the
Center for Occupational Therapy Education at
Colorado State University
• Wendy Wood PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA and Robin
King, MS, OTR: contributing authors
• Fieldwork component
“Demographics”
• 143 publications from 1990-2008
• 124 articles in peer-reviewed journals
• 75 articles qualify as research (“defined
methods, results, systematic research
approach”)
“Demographics”
Research participants’ location
(research articles only):
U.S. 26 34.7%
Canada 16 21.3%
Australia 15 20.0%
Great Britain 12 16.0%
Other 6 8.0%
“Demographics”
Research participants’ location
(all articles):
U.S. 50 40.3%
Canada 21 16.9%
Australia 23 18.5%
Great Britain 22 17.7%
Other 8 6.5%
“Demographics”
Research Percentage by Location:
Research Percentage
U.S. 52.0%
Canada 76.2%
Australia 65.2%
Great Britain 54.5%
Other 75.0%
Distribution of research by subject
OT and OTA (not mutually exclusive)
Level I or Level II (not mutually exclusive)
Focus of Paper All Articles Research Articles
OT 105 84.7% 63 84.0%
OTA 13 10.5% 2 2.7%
Other 31 25.0% 16 21.3%
Focus of Paper All Articles Research Articles
Level II 86 69.4% 49 65.3%
Level I 28 22.6% 15 20.0%
Distribution of research by subject
Setting/Practice (not mutually exclusive):
Focus of Paper All Articles Research Articles
Alt. Models 52 41.9% 29 38.7%
Emerging 25 20.2% 14 18.7%
Mental Health 24 19.4% 17 22.7%
Comm. Placement 21 16.9% 11 14.7%
Hospital/Med 12 9.7% 8 10.7%
“Research Percentage”
Percentage of articles by Subject which qualify as
research articles:
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
Research percentage
Article types
Is this qualitative?
Qualitative Method type:
Yes 47 62.7%
No 28 37.3%
Audit/Program Eval. 53.2%
Phenomenology 27.7%
Action-based 8.5%
Unclear 8.5%
Narrative 4.3%
Ethnography 2.1%
Article Types
Is this quantitative?
Quantitative Method Type:
Yes 49 65.3%
No 26 34.7%
Survey Research 79.6%
Single group/cohort 20.4%
Cross-Sectional 2.0%
Multiple groups 2.0%
Article Types
Mixed Methods?
Systematic Reviews?
Yes 22 29.3%
No 53 70.7%
Yes 0
No 75
Data collection methods
for research articles
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Primary focus of articles
Primary focus of articles
Curriculum
Primarily Curriculum if the paper specifically
describes and/or studies a particular approach to
curriculum or course design, philosophy, or course
sequence.
Focus of
Paper
All Articles
(n=124)
Research Articles
(n=75)
Research % by
focus
Curriculum 51 41.1% 25 33.3% 49.0%
Low
SOF
Low
SOF %
Medium
SOF
Medium
SOF %
High
SOF
High
SOF %
6 24.0% 13 52.0% 6 24.0%
Curricular themes addressed
(n=112)
Course or FW design 76 67.9%
Curriculum Design 36 32.1%
Curriculum content 31 27.7%
Meeting Accreditation Standards 27 24.1%
Other 24 21.4%
Outcome Predictor 6 5.4%
Degree Programs 3 2.7%
Retention 1 0.9%
Students learning/perspectives
Primarily Student if addresses student learning,
student perspectives, or student outcomes.
Focus of
Paper
All Articles
(n=124)
Research
Articles (n=75)
Research %
by focus
Student 32 25.8% 26 34.7% 81.3%
Low
SOF
Low
SOF %
Medium
SOF
Medium
SOF %
High
SOF
High
SOF %
9 34.6% 6 23.1% 11 42.3%
Area of student learning addressed
(n=117)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Teaching
Primarily Teaching if focused on teaching
techniques and specific teaching method
described
Focus of
Paper
All Articles
(n=124)
Research
Articles (n=75)
Research %
by focus
Teaching 13 10.5% 6 8.0% 46.2%
Low
SOF
Low
SOF %
Medium
SOF
Medium
SOF %
High
SOF
High
SOF %
3 50.0% 2 33.3% 1 16.7%
Teaching methods addressed
(n=87)
Experiential/active learning 55 63.2%
Teaching styles/skills 30 34.5%
Community-based learning 28 32.2%
Self-directed learning 28 32.2%
Other teaching 25 28.7%
Cooperative learning 22 25.3%
Mentoring 17 19.5%
IPE 11 12.6%
PBL 7 8.0%
Occupation-centered learning 6 6.9%
Case-based learning (video/paper) 5 5.7%
Lecture-based learning 4 4.6%
Service learning 4 4.6%
Assessment
Primarily assessment if focused on how to assess
students’ knowledge, skills, and competence.
Focus of
Paper
All Articles
(n=124)
Research
Articles (n=75)
Research %
by focus
Assessment 8 6.5% 6 8.0% 75.0%
Low
SOF
Low
SOF %
Medium
SOF
Medium
SOF %
High
SOF
High
SOF %
2 33.3% 2 33.3% 2 33.3%
Areas of assessment addressed
(n=35)
FW Assessment Tool 15 42.9%
Other Assessment 15 42.9%
Feedback Verbal 10 28.6%
Observe Performance 10 28.6%
Feedback Written 9 25.7%
Written Product 9 25.7%
Self-Assessment 6 17.1%
Portfolio 3 8.6%
Faculty
Primarily Faculty if addresses faculty issues, with
faculty defined to include fieldwork educators
Focus of
Paper
All Articles
(n=124)
Research
Articles (n=75)
Research %
by focus
Faculty 17 13.7% 10 13.3% 58.8%
Low
SOF
Low
SOF %
Medium
SOF
Medium
SOF %
High
SOF
High
SOF %
3 30.0% 4 40.0% 3 30.0%
Faculty areas addressed (n=112)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Wordle:
Faculty challenges “other”
Wordle: Other Faculty Issue
Physical setting
Primarily about physical setting if the paper is a
study of a learning environment or comparison of
learning environments
Focus of
Paper
All Articles
(n=124)
Research
Articles (n=75)
Research %
by focus
Physical 3 2.4% 2 2.7% 66.7%
Low
SOF
Low
SOF %
Medium
SOF
Medium
SOF %
High
SOF
High
SOF %
0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2 100.0%
Physical setting areas addressed
(n=62)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Community Other Clinical Experience
Teaching Hospital
Distance Learning
Training Center
Ambulatory Care
Classroom
Wordle:
Physical settings “other”
Emerging Findings
8379 78
5550
46 45 44 43 41 40 40 3834
30 29 2926
23 22 2218 18 16 15
117 7 6
Modified Kirkpatrick Hierarchy
For research articles describing educational
interventions or innovations:
• Level 1: Participation (participants’ views)
• Level 2a: Attitudes/perceptions (related
changes)
• Level 2b: Knowledge/skills (acquisition)
• Level 3: Behavioral change (apply new skills)
• Level 4a: Change in organizational practice
• Level 4b: Benefits to patient/clients
Hierarchy levels for
faculty-focused articles
0
5
10
15
20
25
Hierarchy levels for
student-focused articles
0
5
10
15
20
25
30