BIOLOGY
Integrated to remain
sustainable
Management
programs
Diversity and Integration:
Keys to Surviving in a Palmer World
Concept of Overlapping Residuals
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time
Her
bic
ide
con
cen
trat
ion Critical herbicide
concentration
Preplant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
ValorNo Palmer up
Valor + DirexPalmer up, >15 d
to plant
DirexPalmer up, <15 d
to plant
Reflex + Direx
Reflex + Prowl
Reflex + Prowl
RU + Staple
OR
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
Direx
+
MSMA
RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
APPLY VALOR AND/OR DIREX TO EVERY ACRE; MUST BE PALMER FREE AT PLANTING!!!
Preplant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Valor
Valor + Direx
Direx
Reflex + Direx
Reflex + Prowl
Reflex + Prowl
RU + Staple
OR
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
Direx
+
MSMA
RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
RU + Staple wins 7 out of 10 times!
Preplant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Valor
Valor + Direx
Direx
Reflex + Direx
Reflex + Prowl
Reflex + Prowl
RU + Staple
OR
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
Direx
+
MSMA
RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
Consider direct spraying Warrant mixture if more than 6 leaf cotton!
Preplant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Valor
Valor + Direx
Direx
Reflex + Direx
Reflex + Prowl
Reflex + Prowl
RU + Staple
OR
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
Direx
+
MSMA
RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
No brainer…..Suprend great option as well!
Preplant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Valor
or
diuron
Reflex + diuron
Reflex + Prowl
Reflex + Cotoran
Reflex + Staple
Staple + diuron
RU + Staple
(Palmer up)
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
Diuron
+
MSMA
RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
No brainer…..Suprend great option as well!
Preplant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Valor
or
diuron
Reflex + diuron
Reflex + Prowl
Reflex + Cotoran
Reflex + Staple
Staple + diuron
RU + Staple
(Palmer up)
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
Diuron
+
MSMA
RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
Valor before emergence;
diuron + paraquat
less than 5 inch Palmer
48 hr within planting; add
paraquat
10 - 12 d after PRE
(10 day after May 10)
12 - 14 d after POST1
(12 day after May 10)
15-18 d after POST2
Preplant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Valor
or
diuron
Reflex + diuron
Reflex + Prowl
Reflex + Cotoran
Reflex + Staple
Staple + diuron
RU + Staple
(Palmer up)
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
Diuron
+
MSMA
RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
Valor before emergence;
diuron + paraquat
less than 5 inch Palmer
48 hr within planting; add
paraquat
10 - 12 d PRE
(10 day after May 10)
12 - 14 d POST 1
(12 day after May 10)
15-18 d POST2
Allows 2 residuals at planting instead of 3 to reduce injury.
Perfect timing for thrips application!
Allows time for activation before PRE breaks down!
Preplant PRE POST1 POST2 Layby
Treflan/Prowl +
Reflex 12 oz
Reflex 8-12 oz
+
Diuron
RU + Staple
(Palmer up)
or
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or
Warrant
Diuron
+
MSMA
RR Conventional Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
Need to plant within 5 days of PPI
0
20
40
60
80
100
80 c
99 a92 b
PRE
3 d
Reflex applied at 1 pt in combination with Prowl.
PPI
Rototiller
PPI
Field cultivator
PPI
Disk
Percent Palmer Control, 2010. TyTy, GA. 38 DAT.
Preplant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Tillage
or
Valor
or
Diuron
Reflex + Direx
Reflex + Prowl
Reflex + Staple
Reflex + Cotoran
Staple + diuron
RU + Staple
(Palmer up)
or
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrat
Diuron
+
MSMA
RR Conventional Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
Preplant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Treflan/Prowl +
Reflex 12 oz
Tillage
or
Valor
or
Diuron
Reflex 8-12 oz
+
Diuron
Reflex + Direx
Reflex + Prowl
Reflex + Staple
Reflex + Cotoran
Staple + diuron
RU + Staple
(Palmer up)
or
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Staple
(Palmer up)
or
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or
Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrat
Diuron
+
MSMA
Diuron
+
MSMA
RR Conventional Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
Must be clean 48 hr within planting; add
paraquat
10 - 12 d PRE
12 - 14 d POST 1
15-18 d POST2
Roundup Ready PLUS Cotton Incentive (Up to $22)
Valor AND Reflex = ($3.00)
Cotoran, Cotton Pro, Direx = ($3.00)*
Warrant 3 pt = ($4.50)*
Dual Magnum 1 pt = ($3.00)
Gramoxone Inteon 2 pt = ($1.00)
*Will pay on 2 applications
GR Palmer amaranth control in dryland conservation tillage systems
Prowl + Reflex PRE
Roundup + Dual POST
Diuron + MSMA PD
Prowl + Reflex PRE
Ignite + Dual POST
Diuron + MSMA PD
Making the most of your Ignite!
Water volume
Spray tip and pressure
Time of day you spray
Palmer size
0
20
40
60
80
100
99 a
50 b
97 a
6.45 am
8 c
Ignite POST 1 (5” Palmer), Ignite POST 2 (18 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
12 – 1 pm 6:30 – 7:00 pm 12 – 1 am
Late-season Palmer control with Ignite as influenced by time of day.
Time of Day for Ignite Applications
Macon Co.
Dryland
%
Rate
Making the most of your Ignite
GPA Time
Nozzle
Biggest pigweed in the field is 3
inches!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012.Pre-plant PRE POST1
1-lf cottonPOST 2
5-7 lf cottonLayby
Valor
or
diuron
Diuron + Prowl
Cotoran + Prowl
Reflex + Prowl
Staple + Prowl
Ignite
+
Dual Mag
Ignite Diuron
+
MSMA
Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012.
Pre-plant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Valor
or
diuron
Diuron + Prowl
Cotoran + Prowl
Reflex + Prowl
Staple + Prowl
Ignite
+
Dual Mag
Ignite Diuron
+
MSMA
WANT RESIDUAL HERE BUT KINDA STUCK???
Pre-plant PRE POST1 POST 2 Layby
Valor
or
diuron
Diuron + Prowl
Cotoran + Prowl
Reflex + Prowl
Staple + Prowl
Ignite
+
Dual Mag
Ignite Diuron
+
MSMA
Valor before Palmer
emergence; diuron + paraquat
less than 5” Palmer
48 hr within planting; add
paraquat
12 - 14 d after PRE
(12 day after May 10)
14 - 16 d after POST1
(14 day after May 10)
14-16 d after POST
2
Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012.
2012 Ignite Based Programs
1. LibertyLinkAdvantage: no injury issue with Ignite
Disadvantage: no tolerance to Roundup
0
800
1,600
2,400
3,200
29402940 3015 3010
All systems had diuron PRE and diuron + MSMA applied at layby.
ST 4145 Seed Cotton Yield In Response to Ignite-Based Programs. 2012.
Ignite 32 oz
Ignite 32 oz
Ignite 32 oz + Dual
Ignite 32 oz
Ignite 32 oz + Dual
Ignite 32 oz + Warrant
Ignite 43 oz
Ignite 43 oz
1 leaf
6 leaf
No Ignite: 2925
2012 Ignite Based Programs
1. LibertyLinkAdvantage: no injury issue with Ignite
Disadvantage: no tolerance to Roundup
2. GlyTol LibertyLinkAdvantage: no injury issue with Ignite or Roundup
Disadvantage: limited supply, less data on yield
0
20
40
60
80
100
WMax +
Ignite
WMax 33 oz
Ignite 44 oz
WMax +
Ignite +
Dual
(1 pt)
Percent GlyTol + LL cotton injury from topical applications 7 DAT.
Moultrie, 2010
8 leaf cotton
0 a 2 a1 a 18 b
0
20
40
60
80
100
WMax +
Ignite
WMax 33 oz
Ignite 44 oz
WMax +
Ignite +
Dual
(1 pt)
Percent GlyTol + LL cotton injury from topical applications 7 DAT.
Moultrie, 2010
8 leaf cotton
0 a 2 a1 a 18 b
Seque
ntia
l app
licat
ions
of I
gnite
and
Round
up in
201
2 to
avo
id a
ntag
onsim
?
2012 Ignite Based Programs
1. LibertyLinkAdvantage: no injury issue with Ignite
Disadvantage: no tolerance to Roundup
2. GlyTol LibertyLinkAdvantage: no injury issue with Ignite or Roundup
Disadvantage: limited supply, less data on yield
3. WideStrikeAdvantage: no injury issue Roundup, only tolerance
to Ignite
Disadvantage: You will get injury from Ignite
Phytogen Widestrike Cotton
1. Confers tolerance to Ignite
2. Tolerance not complete; injury will occur and yield loss can occur if you don’t know what you are doing.
3. According to EPA, Ignite can be applied to widestrike cotton.
4. However, grower is liable as neither Bayer nor Dow recommend or warrant the use of Ignite on Widestrike cotton
0
800
1,600
2,400
3,200
2680 b
2916 a
2831 ab
2850 ab
All systems had diuron PRE and diuron + MSMA applied at layby.
ST 4145 Seed Cotton Yield In Response to Ignite-Based Programs. 2012.
Ignite 32 oz
Ignite 32 oz
Ignite 32 oz + Dual
Ignite 32 oz
Ignite 32 oz + Dual
Ignite 32 oz + Warrant
Ignite 43 oz
Ignite 43 oz
1 leaf
6 leaf
No Ignite: 2970
0
20
40
60
80
100
77 b
95 a 96 a
69 c
Six Inch GR Palmer Response to Layby or Hooded Spray Options. Macon, 2012.
Gramoxone +
Direx
Direx + MSMA
Ignite + Valor
Ignite
0
20
40
60
80
100
77 b
95 a 96 a
69 c
GR Palmer Response to Layby or Hooded Spray Options. Macon, 2012.
Gramoxone +
Direx
Direx + MSMA
Ignite + Valor
Ignite
DO NOT APPLY IGNITE MORE THAN TWICE A YEAR
Herbicide Resistance: Will You Survive?
If resistance is one in a billion then you
only need 918 acres to find that plant.
(historically resistance is 1 plant in population of 1-10 million…9.18 acres)
25 plants per square foot emerge = 1,089,000 plants
per acre
2004: GR Palmer Began Changing Agriculture Forever
Time Line For Significant Events in Georgia Weed Management
2009-2011: Significant Adoption of Ignite Programs
2012: GlyTol + LL Cotton Commercialized
2016: Glyphosate + Glufosinate + 2,4-D
Glyphosate + Glufosinate + Dicamba
2017/2018: Glyphosate + Glufosinate + HPPD
Tomorrow if Ignite works
Herbicide Cost of $39/A
Today RR System
Herbicide Cost of $59/A
Managing Palmer Amaranth in DryLand Production!!
Heavy Residue Deep Turn
Hand weed Cultivate
Georgia growers will not economically survive relying on just herbicides!!!!
Potential Benefits for Georgia Growers
1. Improved Palmer control
2. Protect herbicide chemistry
3. Labor (compared to tillage)
4. Wind and water erosion
5. Prevents GR horseweed
6. Prevents/Lessons GR ryegrass
7. Moisture conservation
8. Reduce herbicide inputs
9. Higher yields on dryland
10. Protection from EPA
11. Reduces thrips damage
Potential Challenges for Georgia Growers
rye
Ripper shank
1. Blowout impacting stand
2. Incorporate herbicides with when strip tilling
3. Spray then roll, roll then spray?
4. Time to get established
5. Increased fertilizer
6. Rubber wheel system
7. Grower comfort
GR Palmer amaranth influence on cotton lint yield (lb/A) in the Roundup system.*
0
200
400
600
800
592 c690 b
Weeds
*RR System: Diuron + Reflex + Staple fb Roundup + Parrlay fb Direx + MSMA
Inversion + rye
Deep inversion
790 a
Rye
480 d
Controlling Palmer Without Killing Cotton With Herbicides!
Seedling depth and vigor Irrigation Schedule
Soil dry or moist at planting?
AT-PLANT HERBICIDES
Cotoran
Diuron
Prowl
Reflex
Staple
Combinations
0
20
40
60
80
100
30 b
10 a
Cotton response to Reflex PRE as affected by watering regime and cotton vigor. TVP, 2011.
Plant Bone Dry
0.4” 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d
Pre-Irrigate 0.75”
Plant Into Moisture
0.4” 3 day
HIGH VIGOR SHALLOW COTTON
0
20
40
60
80
100
30 b
10 a
Cotton response to Reflex PRE as affected by watering regime and cotton vigor. TVP, 2011.
Plant Bone Dry
0.4” 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d
Pre-Irrigate 0.75”
Plant Into Moisture
0.4” 3 day
HIGH VIGOR SHALLOW PLANTED COTTON VS HIGH VIGOR NORMAL 0.67 INCH PLANTED
0
20
40
60
80
100
41 b
18 a
Cotton response to Reflex PRE as affected by watering regime and cotton vigor. TVP, 2011.
Plant Bone Dry
0.4” 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d
Pre-Irrigate 0.75”
Plant Into Moisture
0.4” 3 day
LOW VIGOR SHALLOW PLANTED COTTON VS LOW VIGOR NORMAL 0.67 INCH PLANTED