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ACEDP Project: EnvironmentalFlows in The Lower Yellow River
Jiang Xiaohui
YRCC
Workshop, Beijing
2012 Feb 23
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Contents
Background
Genera en!iron"en#a $o% assess"en#
"e#hodoog&
Brie$ descrip#ion o$ %ork
'(perience and reco""enda#ions
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Sanmenxia
Xiaolangdi
Dam
N
Lake
City
Hydrological station
River
Lijin
Luokou
Aishan
Sunkou
Gaocun
Huayuankou
Dongping Lake
,
ai!eng
Lijin
"i#o
$ai an
Dongping
Liaocheng
%inyang
LuoyangSanmen&ia "heng'hou
(inan
)ur!e&
)i#e #hree
Study Area
ac!"round
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Lower Yellow River Flow #ssues
* +o#her Ri!er-
. /igh %a#er de"and. /igh degree o$ regua#ion
* Ci"a#e change and hu"an ac#i!i#ies. Fo%s reducing o!er pas# 0 &ears, cease #o $o% so"e#i"es
$ro" 10s #o 10s
* )edie"n#. !er& high sedi"en# oad #o #he o%er ri!er,$ood* Yeo% Ri!er 4e#a . a d&na"ic es#uarine Ra"sar %e#and
. 4epends on sedi"en# supp& $or gro%#h* Ri!erine %e#ands
. os#& disconnec#ed due #o $ood d&ke cons#ruc#ion* 5ua#ic ecos&s#e"
. os# di!ersi#&
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#n China there is a stron" awareness o$ the need and im%ortance o$
environmental $lows& Environmental $low assessments have 'een underta!en in
a num'er o$ rivers(
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'n!iron"en#a $o% "e#hods used in China6
* /&droogica778ennan#
* /&drauic ra#ing7We##ed peri"e#er "e#hod,
R2CR9)):Focus on one or a $e% ke& species;* /abi#a# si"ua#ion7
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)eneral environmental $low assessment
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rie$ descri%tion o$ wor!
Selectsites and reaches
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Field tri%sam%le wor!sho% and literature search
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*en"jin
wetlands
+hen",hou
wetlands -ai$en"
wetlands
Don"%in"
La!e
Delta
wetlands
River channelReaches
.
/
0
1
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#denti$yecolo"ical assets
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* A river asset is any attri'ute o$ the natural ecosystem o$
value to society& The value could 'e ecolo"ical( socialand2or economic&
* River assets include s%ecies( 'iolo"ical communities(
ha'itats and ecosystems o$ conservation im%ortance
3collectively re$erred to as 4conservation assets56&
River asset
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Assets in the low Yellow River
* Fish species, e>g> Yeo% Ri!er Carp* We#and !ege#a#ion
* Birds
* )pa%ning process
* )edi"en# #ranspor#
* Wa#er 5uai#&
* Geo"orphoog&
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Develo% conce%tual models inking asse# hea#h and $o% co"ponen#s
)eomor%holo"y( %lants( $ish( macroinverte'rates( water 7uality( 'irds8
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Flow regime
Low flows Flow pulses High flows
Maintain depth
of water inrefuge pools
Maintain
adult fish
population
Maintain larval
and
juvenile habitat in
river channel
Sediments from
upstream and
catchmentsincrease. and D
decreases
Maintain bac!water refuges
and food resources for fish.
Fish mortalit" increases.
Floods
Stimulate
spawning
Food resources
Figure> 8he inks be#%een indi!idua $o% co"ponen#s and $o% re5uire"en#s $or carp
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Objective Flowcomponent
Hydraulic criteria Timing
Maintain sufficient waterdepth in pools for largebodied fish
Low flow Max D !"# m$% &"!'&"( ms'!
)ov'Mar*+pril',une
-timulate spawning Flow pulse D% !'. m at pea/ of flowpulse"0nundated beach area* and
increase bac/ water$1&"2 ms'!
+pril ' ,une
3rovide new habitat andfeeding opportunities forfish
High flow +verage D &"4 m5$% &"2 ms'!'!ms'!
,uly'October
3rovide new habitat andfeeding opportunities forfish* but increasedsediment and low DO mayincrease mortality
Flood +verage D &"( m5$% &"# ms'!'!".ms'!
,uly'October
Ta'le& Flow com%onents and hydraulic criteria relevant to Yellow River Car% re7uirements&
D 9 de%th( 9 velocity
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Fish
;o& Flow com%onent 0 "s1,2
F3 /igh $o%, high $o% recession ain#ain ongi#udina connec#i!i#& and area cri#ica dep#hD o!er
barriers :shao% areas;
FH @o% $o% ain#ain area %i#h dep#h cri#ica dep#hD in poos
F /igh $o% puse chie!e area %i#h dep#h cri#ica dep#hD o!er barriers :shao%
areas;
FI /igh $o% ain#ain area %i#h 4 0> . 1>0 "1,2and E 1>H "s1,2
F /igh $o% ain#ain area %i#h !eoci#& 1>0 . 2>0 "s1
FK /igh $o% puse ain#enance o$ appropria#eL saini#& gradien# in es#uar&
F @o% $o% and high $o% ain#ain area o$ 4 1> "1,2and E 1>0 "s1,2
F10 @o% and high $o% puses chie!e su$$icien# dep#hD #o repenish"ain#ain %a#er in ri!er
associa#ed %e#ands and back%a#ers
F11 @o% $o% and high $o%s ain#ain ade5ua#e cross7sec#iona areadischargeD #o #ranspor#
nu#rien#s re5uired #o sus#ain pri"ar& produc#i!i#&
F12 Bank$u 2,I00 7 H,000 "3s 7 see Geo"orphoogic objec#i!e G1
F13 Bank$u 2,I00 7 H,000 "3s 7 see Geo"orphoogic objec#i!e G2
F1H /igh $o% )ee Eege#a#ion objec#i!e E1
F1 /igh $o% and o% $o% )ee Eege#a#ion objec#i!e EF1I @o% $o% ain#ain "ean poo !eoci#& 0>01 "s
F1 /igh $o% and o% $o% )u$$icien# dischargeD #o "ain#ain "orphoog& in and around #he
es#uar& "ou#h
F1K Bank$u 2,I00 7 H,000 "3s 7 see Geo"orphoogic objec#i!es G3 and GH
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Plants
;o& ='jective Flow com%onent g> Vallisneria,
Potomagetonand Myriophyllum
spp>;
/igh $o% " "a(>? 0>3 "
"ean; in su""er
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irds
;o& ='jective Flow com%onent
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)eomor%holo"y
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Set o'jectives $or each asse# and i"por#an# process*Ecolo"ical mana"ement o'jectives :%ha# e!e o$ ri!er hea#h is desiredP
#aking accoun# o$ cons#rain#s, and o#her uses o$ #he ri!er;*
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Set o'jectives
* 1K Fish objec#i!es* I Wa#er 5uai#& objec#i!e
* K Bird objec#i!e
* K acroin!er#ebra#e objec#i!es
* H Geo"o"orphic objec#i!es
* 8hese can be ra#ionaised #o a s"aer group $or e!aua#ion
. 13 objec#i!es
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-ey
o'j&
='j& met ='jectives descri%tion Flow com%onent
F1? 1 Qre!en# habi#a# oss #hrough dr&ing o$ shao% areas Cease #o $o%
B B1? B2? B3 '(pose Care( and "ud$a#s? shao% %a#er o!er sub"erged a5ua#ics @o% $o%
C F2 ain#ain shao% habi#a#s %i#h "odera#e7high !eoci#& $or shao% %a#er d%eing species
and spa%ners during o% $o% periods
@o% $o%
4 WA1, WA2, WA3,
WAH
4iu#e con#a"inan#s #o Grade
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dimension
. #ne?%ensive
. Cover a lon" reach
. Cross>section avera"e
* />dimension
. E?%ensive
. Cover a short reach. De%th>avera"ed
ean !eoci#& E 4ep#h 4
ean !eoci#& E
4ep#h 4
Convert
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.>D RAS model out%ut
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/>D River/D model out%ut
Eeoci#& Fo% direc#ion
esh 4ep#h
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Lower Yellow River data
* 0@ cross>sections. Surveyed every year
* Bse $or .>D model o$ whole river
* 0 sites surveyed in detail
. Lijin
. D model
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Esta'lish $low rules#nte"rate the in$ormation throu"h colla'oration:
* Qroduce a se# o$ prac#ica $o% rues #ha# s#akehoders agree on* Crea#e op#ions %i#h di$$eren# e!es o$ risk #o #he hea#h o$ #he asse#s
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='jectives %artly met Flowcom%onen
t
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*odel water resources availa'ility
Wha# are #he im%acts on river users $ro" #he $o% op#ionsP
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E?%erience and recommendations
E?%erience
777 Ge# ne% #hink, "e#hod $ro" us#raian e(per#
7778he resu# cose #o #he #hink o$ ri!er "anager, and can be
i"pe"en#
Recommendation 7778he e7$o% assess"en# can be appied in o#her ri!er in China
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$HA )*+ ,*R )*+R A$$- $.*