Update on information use in Indigenous Populations

https://sites.google.com/site/crauchlethesis/documents/MDCD2012presentation%20outline.pptx?attredirects=0&d=1

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Student: Christopher RauchleSupervisor: Stephen CassidySnum: 41958209

Population –Indigenous differencesThe Indigenous population may be

back to Pre-Colonial levels within the next 30 years.

With the new data from 2011 this looks more like in the next 50 years so what gives?

Optimistic projections for 2011 data are 575K pop. but there are around 5% (over 1M) who did not attribute their Indigenous/Non-Indigenous status on the last census and ABS make a more accurate survey every six years (2014 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey(10))

Year Population

1920-30(1) ~65,000

1991 351,000

2006 517,000

2011(6) 548,370

2021(2) ~715,000

2040(3) 1,000,000

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Population –Indigenous Pop to 2021

And something distinctive is happening

to the Indigenous population

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The Non-Indigenous Population

That is different to the

Non-Indigenous Population

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Population –Indigenous differences

The Indigenous population may be back to Pre-Colonial levels within the next 50 years.

Indigenous people have a demography that closely resembles a developing country population pyramid while the non-Indigenous population resembles the rest of the Western world.

(5)

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Population –Indigenous differences

Indigenous people have a demography that closely resembles a developing country population pyramid

This emerging population is exactly the sort that uses social media to share information

Regardless of whether it’s facebook, twitter, G+ or something else it will be SOCIAL

“Younger people were more likely to engage in socialnetworking than those in older age groups. Theaverage age of social networkers was 35 years,whilst those who didn’t use social networking

sites had an average age of 53 years.”ABS Online @ Home study 2011

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2011 Indigenous Households

Indigenous Households

Number of Household

sDial Up 5,552Other 14,205No connection 65,668Broadband 111,588

‘Other’ includes mobile broadband and is

almost twice as high in Indigenous households, perhaps due to those households being in areas that cannot

connect to broadband (40Km from a main

road)

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NIHH are still on average more broadband connected

Non-Indigenous Households

Number of Household

sDial Up 229,850Other 288,839No Connection 1,459,444Broadband 5,312,921

Percentage of Dial Up users the same in

Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Households

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Difference in Indigenous Internet use since 2006 census

When that internet connection is reliable and ubiquitous the gap more than halves(4)

The difference between the 2006 figures and 2011 figures:

• Difference between Internet connections in Sydney in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous households has been cut in half from 15% to 7%

• Difference between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous households in all of Australia has dropped from 21% to 14%.

 

Households with

Indigenous Persons

Other households

Households with

Indigenous Persons %

Other Households

%Gap

Internet connetions in Sydney 18,502 1,196,40

3 73% 80% 7%

Internet connections in Australia 131,345 5,831,60

6 63% 77% 14%

GAP     10% 3%  

Table 2. Internet connection by Indigenous status of household (based on Census 2011)

Table 1. Internet connection by Indigenous status of household (based on Census 2006)

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Internet use is rising as a function of cheaper computing and flat telecoms

costsWhile other costs have risen in the

last twenty years. The cost of computing equipment has dropped exponentially while communications costs have hardly risen.

Although lower than non-Indigenous households, Indigenous households still have comparable internet penetration.

Broadband in particular is beginning to be a free good and may not be chargeable in the future

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Population questions – Internet Use

Indigenous Internet use is moving beyond charity and government controlled programs to BYOD

The rise of smartphones and cheap mobile plans is making access to expensive devices for using media less of an issue

Future Concept

Merkai

Egyptian Spring Wifi

Routers

Free Community

Wifi

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Population questions – Internet Use

Indigenous Internet use is moving beyond charity and government controlled programs to BYOD

The rise of smartphones and cheap mobile plans is making access to expensive devices for using media less of an issue

Future Reality

iPads in schools

Laptops in schools

Ubiquitous internet access

Rise of the Smartphone

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Summary

• Differences between the types of internet in households in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous communities is diminishing

• The indigenous population continues to increase though perhaps not in line with the most optimistic projections

• The cost of access to the internet continues to drop such that there should be no cost barrier to access to social media in the next census

• The NBN may erode the last mile disadvantage for those in remote communities that are more than 40km from a highway

• It seems there will be no further development of some of the technologies that are a key part of my research into digital rights management – MPEG7 and MPEG21

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Stream control wins in the end and MPEG ‘declares victory’

MPEG industry forum ceases development on media codecs with H.264 now the defacto standard in the industry…future development is over to the Open IP TV Forum(7) ABC stops development of Android App

because, in the absence of Flash, there is no way to DRM the stream to prevent copying as they do with Apple Fairplay (8)

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YouTube Face blurring tool

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Censoring videos for public consumption out of your area

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Censorship to control dissent but video still has a ‘man in the middle’ problem

"Nothing with vulgar or violent materials will pass," said the woman, who did not give her

name because she said she was not authorized to speak on the record. "Political speech? If it is anti-party and anti-society, it definitely will not

pass. No website will allow such content.“ (9)

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Conclusion

• Evolution of the demographics and the access method for the internet in Indigenous communities presents opportunities for new social media platforms to erode facebook and twitter’s first mover advantage

• Existing technologies will be the platform of choice with a strong bias to continuous network connection rather than a set of media repositories loosely connected by a sometimes-on connection

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References

(1) Korf, Jens, Aboriginal timeline (1900 – 1969), http://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/aboriginal-history-timeline-early-20th.html (2) 32380_1991 to 2021 - Experimental Estimates and Projections, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians http

://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/cat/3238.0 (3) N. Biddle and J. Taylor, Indigenous Population Projections, 2006–2031: Planning for Growth, 1996 (4) A History of Aboriginal Sydney…digitally delivering the past to the present

http://dev.information-online.com.au/sb_clients/iog/data/content_item_files/000001/paper_2011_B1.pdf (5) Closing the gap, 2011 , Prime Minister’s report

http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/indigenous/pubs/closing_the_gap/2011_ctg_pm_report/Pages/default.aspx (6) 2011CensusI01A table – Australian Census Datapack(7) MPEG forum declares victory(8) Why there will never be an Android iView(9) China wants to censor online video content(10)(11) Skin groups in Arrente communities