2013 04 Gothenburg Final

7/28/2019 2013 04 Gothenburg Final

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Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

Design education through toy design.Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design

Marco Ginoulhiac

phd professor FAUP


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Two narratives:

1 - conceptual narrative

2 - historical narrative


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the toy is a particular part of the material culture, considered as an artifact that represents therelationship between artifacts and social behaviors, where the representative function stays

both before and at the base of its practical function (Brougre & Wajskop, 2008).

For a toy the main symbolic value is the function ... as happens in art

Toy as meaning


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Middle-class children are given an

enormous number of toys (tool sets, mini-kitchens, baseballs, dolls) because they

are models of things that invoke in play

the behaviors or skills required in later

life (Stephen Kline. 1993, p. 15).

Bloomingdale catalog 1957

Toys as transmission tool

() toys always mean something, and

this something is always entirely

socialized, constituted by the myths or the

techniques of modern adult life: the Army,

Broadcasting, the Post Office, Medicine

(miniature instrument-cases, operating

theaters for dolls), School, Hair-Styling(driers for permanent-waving), the Air

Force (Parachutists), Transport (trains,

Citroens, Vedettes, Vespas, petrol-

stations), Science (Martian toys).

(Barthes, 1957)


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Toys as disciplinary reproducing devices

Indeed almost each disciplinary field has its own

representation in toys production, creation or

consumption.

Even Architecture

The Constructioneer Metal Building

Set No. 4, 1947


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During 1830s Frebel developed the kindergarten for the Play and Activity Institute he hadfounded in 1837 at Bad Blankenburg for young children.

He also designed the educational play materials known as Froebel Gifts, orFrbelgaben,

which included geometric building blocks and pattern activity blocks.

Toys as educational devices: F. Frebel (1782 1852)


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This celebrated childrens educationalist, founder of the

kindergarten, is increasingly accepted by modern art

historians as one of the key figures behind the advent of

avant-garde art. (Bordes, 2010)

Friedrich Frebel (1782 1852)


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Some correspondances between architecture and toys


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19 century: architecture as the face of progress

1902 Flatiron building, NY

1890 Wainwright

Building St. Louis

Louis Sullivan

1882 Anker

steinbaukasten


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19 century: architecture as the face of progress

1889 "Exposition Universelle, Paris

1851 Great

Exhibition of the

Works of Industry of

all Nations, London

1901 Meccano

1915 Erector set


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An example between education and marketing: toys as a large new market

In 1923 Andr Citron said Je veux que tous

les enfants de France et de Navarre aient

comme premiers mots : Papa, Maman et

Citron

Citroen was the first car producer with a toy

cars catalogue.


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The Bauhaus experience (1919-1933)

Alma Siedhoff-Buscher, 1923

Preliminary Bauhaus

Course, 1928

Puppets for the

Oskar Schlemmer

Stage Workshop

1923

I suggested that we should make toys for the

next few weeks. So I struck a powerful blowto the old academic tradition of the nude and

drawing from nature... I am leading all

creative activity back to its roots, to play -

Johanes Itten, Bauhaus teacher and Froebel

Kindergarten graduate


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The dutch experience

Gerrit Thomas Rietveld, 1923 and 1952 Ko Verzuu, 1920s


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New technologies and languages the glass and the color

Dandanah, Bruno Taut, 1919

Falkenberg Garden

City, 1913-1916Glass Dome, 1914

Alle bauen mit, 1910s


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The growing city

1920 - Josef Hoffman

1950 Payer Modellbau


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Modern houses and dollhouses

Tri-ang ultra modern dollhouse, 1930s

Htel Martel (Mallet-Stevens), 1927

Weienhof Stuttgart Exhibit, 1927

FAO Schwarz,1940 Dollhouse

furniture, 1930s


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More than a house, a nation...

John Lloyd Wright, 1916


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Industrial architecture

Latislav Sutnar, 1940s

Volkswagen Factory, 1938

Boots Packed Wet

Goods Factory,

Nottinghamshire, UK

1930Fabrik am hafen, 1930s


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Magnetic architecture

Arthur Carrara, Magnet Master, 1947

Caf Borranical,

Melbourne, 1943

Magnet building

set, 1930s


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Kite architecture

Charles & Ray Eames, 1950s


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The precast plastic building

Baukasten, 1960

Betta Bilda, 1960

Girder and Panel, 1960

Marcel Breuer, 1960s


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The precast plastic building

Super City 1967

Alison and Peter Smithson,1972

Ern Goldfinger in 1963


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Triangular system

Eames 1951

Fred Bassetti 1960

Bruno Munari 1961

Louis Kahn, 1958

Triqo


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Geodesic architecture

Ramagon, 1985

Dome Kit, 1975

Chuck Hoberman (Hoberman Associate arch.)

Buckminster Fuller, 1979


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The 1970 and the computer

1971, computer space

1971, pong

The computer game prepares a new generation based on the representation and far from the object

and the construction processes. Computer was a undiscussed device... for everything.

1977, Atari 2600

1981, IBM and Autocad

19 0 (2 )


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1970s: toys in trouble (2 examples).

During the 70s several toy companies had financial problems

By the early 1960s Meccano Ltd was bought out by Lines Bros Ltd

(Tri-ang). In 1970 Lines Brothers changed the company name to

Meccano-Tri-ang.

In 1971 the Lines Brothers Tri-ang group went into voluntary

liquidation and Meccano-Tri-ang was sold to Airfix industries in1972. At the same time, General Mills, a United States toy

manufacturer, purchased the majority of shares of Meccano France

S.A., renaming the French company Miro-Meccano.

Th t t t hit t d " f t " hi t t


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The restart: stararchitects and "wow-factor" architecture

Bilbao museum, 1997Centre Georges Pompidou, 1977

Habitat 67, 1967 Louvre, 1989

R t d ti th ti


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Recent production: new aesthetic

Zenblock

Boulderblocks

Koolhaas, 2001

Balancing blocks

Recent production: new aesthetics


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Recent production: new aesthetics

Geemo

Oliblock

Peter Cook, 2003

Recent production: looking again at Architecture


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Recent production: looking again at Architecture

Lego Architecture

2011, Barbie architect

FUJI

Some final senteces


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Some final senteces

More information: architoys.blogspot.com

It does exist an architectural education (that is not teaching

architecture)

This education need some specific actions (narratives) and

devices.

Toys are an important part of these artifacts because they can

mean an intellectual and artistic configuration (composition rules,

materials, ideological framework, etc)

But connection between architecture ant toys is changing alsobecause architecture is changing.

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2013 04 Gothenburg Final

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