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CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
CNU CHARTER AWARDS 2013Public Housing in New York City
• NYCHA-thelargestpublichousingauthority.• Owns&manages181000housingunits.• Owns1500acresofproperty.• Evergrowingneedforaffordablehousing.• Nomorevacantlandavailable.• Aging&deterioratingbuildingsstock.• Drasticallyreducedfederalfunding.
1,000,000ProjectedpopulationgrowthinNewYorkCityby2030.
143,000 Peopleonwaitlistforpublichousingtoday.
77,000,000 sqft Unuseddevelopmentrights
Public housing in New York City that provides affordable housing to 8% of the city
population must be preserved but not in its present form. It must be transformed into
compact, diverse, self-sufficient communities which shall be socially, economically and
environmentally sustainable.
Thesissite
From ‘the projects’ to a sustainable community: Re-envisioning public housing in Manhattan
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
BEFORE REDEVELOPMENT
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
AFTER REDEVELOPMENT
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
Conventional Public Housing Redevelopment
WholesaleDemolition
De-concentration
Displacement
Gentrification
Thesis Design Approach
Preservation
Augmentation
Socialintegration
Zero displacement
Augmentation of public and affordable housing while preserving the existing
high rise public housing stock and the tenants.
ALTERNATIVE DESIGN APPROACH
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
CNU CHARTER AWARDS 2013
1874
1924Lower East-side Manhattan:
Transformation from the fine grain urban fabric to
‘Towers-in-the-park’ superblocks.
Sitearea-78Ac
HousingUnits-6120
Grossdensity-78.46Du/ac
Population-17,026
MedianHouseholdincome-$17,828
Unemployment-25%
Disability-36%
SingleMothers-44%
Seniors-15%
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
EXISTING SITE CONDITION : 1939 - Present
N0 500’ 1000’
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
EXISTING SITE CONDITION
Riis Houses
Area-17.67acres
Population-5259
1768Du
Built-1949
Wald Houses
Area-17.33acres
Population-5220
1861Du
Built-1949
Baruch Houses
Area-30.0acres
Population-6547
2491Du
Built-1959
Open space REAL ! !
Restricted-72.13%
Open Space - 81.67 % IMPLIED ! !
Accessible-9.54%
Openspace
Parking-11.20%
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
Introduce a transit corridor
PhaseI-BRT.
PhaseII-Streetcar/LRT.
Dedicatedbikelanes.
ConnectionwithexistingFerryroute.
Midtown
Dow
ntow
n
Re-instate the street grid
Integrationwithadjacentneighborhoods.
Accessibilityandviewcorridorstowaterfront.
Opportunityfordevelopment.
Capthefreeway,createawaterfrontboulevard.
Accessibility Connectivity Density and Diversity Green Infrastructure
Infill along new streets
MixofLand-use.
Diversityinhousingtypes.
Activestreetfrontage.
Improvedsenseofsafety.
Anewskylinealongtheeastside.
Integrate with the ecosystem
High-performancelandscape.
Protectionagainststormsurge.
Urbanfarming.
DESIGN STRATEGIES
1 2 4 3
Synthesis of three main factors - city’s needs, tenants needs and development potential of the
land - generate a fourfold strategy that revolves around density. This is not just a densification
exercise but an opportunity to take a holistic approach that address these needs and care for
the environment.
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
Tompkins Park
E 7th Street
E 2nd Street
E Houston street
Delancey street
Aven
ue C
Aven
ue B
Aven
ue D
Aven
ue D
E 9th Street
E 8th Street
WaterfrontPlaza&FerryLanding
Urbanfarms
Farmers’market
NewWaterfrontBoulevard
PartiallycoveredFDRdrive
Greenfinger
Marina
Greenfingerconnection
Bio-swale
Publicschool
Publicschool
Publicschool
E 10th Street
Before After % Change
Housing units 6120 9321 152.30%
Open space 79.22 % 48.98% 61.82%
Ground coverage 18.33% 37.63% 205%
Gross density 78 119 152.56%
FAR 1.91 3.08 161.0%
URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK PLAN
Proposed land-use Residential-8,906,032sqft(89.01%)
Retail/commercial-583,072(5.82%)
Institutional-517,236sqft(5.17%)
Existing figure-groundGroundcoverage-18.33%
Proposed figure-groundGroundcoverage-37.63%
N0 250’ 500’
Existingbuildings NewInfill
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
CC
DD
Publicschool
Ferrylanding
Waterfrontplaza
Greenhouseurbanfarms
Farmers’markets
A A BB
INFILL SCENARIOS - RIIS AND BARUCH HOUSES
NewStreets.Subdivisionofsuperblocks.SelectiveDemolition.Rezoning-R7-2toR9.CommercialOverlay.
NewStreets.Subdivisionofsuperblocks.SelectiveDemolition.Rezoning-R7-2toR9.CommercialOverlay.
Breaking down the superblocks and re-organizing the vast undefined open spaces into better
managed and better programmed meaningful public spaces, create a thriving public realm.
ExistingsuperblockExistingsuperblock
Transformed,integrated,multiplesmallblocks.
Transformed,integrated,multiplesmallblocks.
Enlargementofexistingbuildings.Parcelization.
Enlargementofexistingbuildings.Parcelization.
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
Bar
uch
Dri
ve
Stanton Street
Tran
sit c
orri
dor
on A
venu
e D
E Houston Street
Existingbuildingenlarged
Retail&Commercial
PedestrianpathwaysandEmergencyaccess
Live/Workunits
Playarea
Playarea
Toundergroundparking
Bio-swale
Commonforum
CommunityFacility
ChildHealthcare
Multi-purposeLawn
Multi-familyRowhouses
Firstfloorunitswithgroundaccess
Existingbuildings
Infilldevelopment
REPRESENTATIVE BLOCK DESIGN
NEW STREETSCAPE
Newlyformedsmallblockscanbetransformedintoperimeter
blocksbyenlargingtheexistingbuildingsandcreatinginfill
alongthenewstreets.Theopenspacethatiscontainedwithin
hasnowaclearhierarchyofuseandaccess.
InfillalongEastHoustonStreet
N0 60’ 120’
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
New streets and land subdivision
Infillalongnewstreets.Betteraccessibility.Walkability.Manageableblocksizes.Block-wisedevelopment.
Present development possibilities and Redevelopment Tools
Zoningregulationsareoneofthemajorimpedimentsinredevelopmentofthese
properties.Tomakeredevelopmentofthesepropertiespossible,feasibleandfullyin
compliancewithzoningregulations,asetredevelopmenttoolshavebeendevised.
Thesetoolsareacombinationofstrategiesthatincludemodificationsinsome
regulations,changeinlotconditions,specialpermitsbyBoardofStandardsand
Appeals,specialpermitsbyCityPlanningCommissionandalsosomedesigndecisions.
Rezoning from R7-2 to R9
Rezoningof20%ofland.HigherFAR(7.52),optimumuseofland.High-risedevelopmentalongthewaterfront.Inclusionaryhousing.
1 2
Parcelization of new blocks
Flexibilityindevelopment.Diversityindesignandform.Minimum60’separationnotrequired.Continuousstreetwallandactivefrontage.Noparkingrequirementforsmalldevelopment.
4
Selective demolition
Ofawkwardlyplacedbuildings.Oflowrisebuildingsoccupyingmorelandatprimelocations.
5
Enlargement of existing buildings
Createactivestreetfrontage.Commercialdevelopmentatstreetlevel.Retrofitofexistingportion.
Commercial overlay - C2-5
ContinuationofoverlayfromtheEastVillage.Morecommercialfacilities.Morerevenueandemploymentopportunities.Smallofficesforbusinessservices.
6
3
COMPLYING WITH THE ZONING REGULATIONS HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
Type 1 - Multi-family Rowhouses
Type 2 - Small Apartment Block - First Houses Model Type 3 - Apartment Block - with doubly loaded corridor
• N-Sorientationofdualaspectunits.
• E-Worientationofdoublyloaded,singleaspectunits.
• Nobackandfronttobuildings,accessfromboththesides.
• MaximizedSouthexposurewithshadingdevices.
• NounitsshouldfaceonlyNorth.
• Mixofhousingtypesinoneblock.
• SolarandWindEnergy.
• GreenRoofs.
Type 4 - Tower-on-a-base - Vancouver Model
Though the existing built form is miserable, design of individual housing units is of high
quality. The new housing typologies maintain the high design standards but also provide
compact building forms.
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
Publichousingsingles-1836
Publichousingfamilies-4284
Existing housing distribution
Proposed housing distribution
Social infrastructure
Seniorhousing-160
Affordablemix-income-800
Newpublichousing-1120
Marketratehousing-1120
Infilldevelopment
New additional housing units - 3201
Communityfacilities
Allotmentfarming
Verticalcirculation
Publicspaces
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
HOUSING DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION
There can be many ways of bringing about social integration. This is one such attempt to mix
various income groups while maximizing cross-class interaction and minimizing conflict.
NewWaterfrontBoulevard
WaterfrontPlaza
FDRDrive NewFerryLanding
AvenueD NewStreet NewStreet
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
Bio-swale
Retentionpond
Overflowtostormwaterdrain
ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Berm profile on hurricane evacuation map
New Waterfront Boulevard and a Berm
Landfilltomatchnewstreetlevel
Bermtoprotectfromstormsurge
Newwaterfrontboulevard
Greenfingercross-over
Green fingers
Linkingtransitcorridorandferrylanding.
Rainwaterretentionandinfiltration.
Preservationofexistingtreecover.
Criticalpublicspace.
Ecologicalandrecreationalfunctions.
Downtown
Union Square Park
City Hall
East Village
New Ferry Landing Av
enue
D
China Town
Connecting under-served Lower East-side:
TheproposedtransitcorridorwillpassthroughEastVillage,LowerEast-sideandchinatown,andconnecttwo
importanturbancenters-UnionSquareParkandtheCityHall.Itwillalsobeintegratedwiththeexistingferry
servicealongtheEastRiver.
TRANSIT CORRIDOR
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM
CNU CHARTER AWARDS 2013
A new skyline and a new face to the city: Turning the backyard of the city into a cultural forecourt.
CONGRESS FOR THE
NEW URBANISM