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designing dredge studio: toledopennsylvania state universitydepartment of landscape architecturefall 2012instructor: sean burkholder
Department of Landscape ArchitectureCollege of Arts and Architecture
image: toledo port authority
special thanks to:
Joe Cappel and the Toledo Port Authority Kristin Gardner and Hull and Associates Sandy Bihn and the Lake Erie Water Keeper / Toledo Lighthouse Society Robin Whitney and the City of Toledo
document prepared by:
Sean Burkholder Assistant Professor of Landscape Architecture [email protected]
in collaboration with: students enrolled in PSU LARCH 414 Studio Fall 2012
image: noaa
The United States Army Corps of Engineers and its associated contractors annually dredge over 4 million cubic yards of material from Great Lakes navigation channels. Half of this material is placed within confined disposal areas (CDF) while the other half is open-water disposed or re-used for other purposes such as habitat creation or as a supplemental construction material. This process thus converts over half of the material dredged from the Great Lakes back into new land in some form; unfortunately at first glance this newly configured land is much less productive and valuable than its non-eroded past life. These undervalued sediment-scapes are however some of the most dramatic and biologically diverse landscapes in the city and are laden with potential if correctly considered.
Of that 4 million cubic yards of dredged material, about 1/4 of it is pulled from the harbor in the city of Toledo, Ohio. The USACE map on the facing page shows the 20-mile federally-managed shipping channel cut into three pieces to fit on the page. The USACE map below indicate the critical condition present in Toledo, in terms of quantity and placement options. With a depth rarely exceeding 10 feet, the western basin of Lake Erie require constant management in order to provide adequate shipping draft depths. The complexity in moving this large volume of material is compounded by the speculated (but highly likely) environmental issues associated with its open placement within the lake. While many other states within the Great Lakes Basin do not permit open water disposal, The state of Ohio and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have established several agreements that permit this placement while satisfying the general concerns of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. It is assumed that while this arrangement is not ecological optimal, it is the only feasible method of addressing the large volume of material within the navigation channel. While open water disposal may always be a reality for the city, alternatives are constantly being sought to minimize it.
The studio itself was broken into two projects. The first of which (Project 1) studied the site scale interventions that would be made possible with a large influx of dredge material. The redevelopment of parks and residential neighborhoods with new dredge-infused topography was the primary outcome of many projects. While this scale of projects served a significant social function, even the largest of projects could only manage a year or two of dredge material before reaching capacity. The second project of the studio, was aimed at dealing with much larger volumes of material by considering the entire Maumee Bay.
21
Current Conditions
Dredged Material Management
The GLNS is facing many dredged material management challenges. Figure 10 below illustrates the current status of dredged material management at each commercial harbor on the Great Lakes. Harbors designated as red have dredged material management issues that could limit the ability of USACE to maintain federal navigation channels and therefore restrict channel availability within five years. Yellow harbors would be affected within 10 years, and green harbors are expected to have no pressing issues within the next ten years. Additional details on harbors with a critical dredged material management status are included in the CDF Fact Sheets Appendix D.
DREDGED MATERIAL MANAGEMENT STATUS
Figure 10: The dredged material management status for all GLNS commercial harbors has been identified by the GLNS Team. Harbor status was determined by factors including, but not limited to, remaining CDF capacity, annual dredging requirements and material disposal options; Cleveland and Toledo are cross-hatched to indicate the criticality of DMM issues in those harbors.
image: u.s. army corps of engineers
While issues of dredge management were a primary topic of focus, there were many interrelated issues. The most important of these issues is the environmental health of Lake Erie. As the most ecologically productive of the Great Lakes, it is also the most shallow. This condition makes it very susceptible to ecological stresses such as pollution and invasive species. Another factor in the Maumee Bay is the historic Toledo Harbor Lighthouse. This structure was built in 1904 and exists as a valuable piece of cultural infrastructure. Its location also marks the north extent of what is considered the Maumee Bay. Many of the projects looked to take on both ecological issues and incorporate the Harbor Lighthouse.
The conditions in Toledo are not fantasy. The same reality is true for the proposed projects. The situation is growing desperate and with it, the list of possible considerations becomes more fantastical. New island CDFs, submerged and emerged habitat restoration ares (HRU), upland farmland placement, existing habitat nourishment, abandoned mine disposal via rail and material recycling have all been considered with complete seriousness. While the management of this material appears to be placing an incredible burden on the region, an opportunity could be discovered in this process to completely reconsider the relationship between dredge and the city. In no place is this more possible than in the city of Toledo.
image: u.s. army corps of engineers
project 1
image: sean burkholder
image: sean burkholder
Gabriella Salvemini [independence park]Project StatementAs dredging continues in the city of Toledo, there is a need for beneficial use of the abundant silts and clays taken out of the Maumee river and bay. Toledo is abundant in green space, and lacking verticality in the landscape. The purpose of this design is to introduce monumental landform that can be both a public amenity and a beneficial use of dredge material. Utilizing the idea of a canyon as inaccessible landform, three monumental mounds ranging in size from 40-60 feet in height rise above the river, containing about two years worth of dredge material. Inac-cessible habitat creation in the form of retaining wall mounds form visual landscapes; the public experience the site through recreation trails and spaces that access the verticality of the tallest mound. The space is a place for containment of dredge, new habitat, and new forms of recreation for the city. It is the hope that this design can show how dredge material can inhabit a visible area of the city and enhance a public experience that sheds posi-tive light on dredge in the Maumee.
3 g
rave
l set
ting
bed
10 wide pathway
dredge layer 1
layer 2
layer 3
12 gabion
4 segmented w
all5
12 gabion
6 segmented w
all7
1.5
2.5
120
steel sheet piling to retain dredge
gabion walls filled with reclaimed material
NTS
4 Canyon section
Natural Inspiration
Public mound(s) 1Accessibility: partialPurpose: recreation, views to skylineMaterials: gabion retaining walls, dredgeAmount of dredge contained: 158,336.5 y3
Elevated walkwayAccessibility: fullPurpose: recreation, views to skylineMaterials: concrete, steel I-beam support
Recreation pathAccessibility: fullPurpose: walking/runningMaterials: gravel base
Site features
Aesthetic mound 2Accessibility: nonePurpose: visual interest, dredge retainmentMaterials: sheet pile retaining walls, dredgeAmount of dredge contained: 156,832.3 y3
Functional mound 3Accessibility: nonePurpose: dredge containmentMaterials: sheet pile retaining walls, dredgeAmount of dredge contained: 381,724.3 y3
Total Contained Dredge Material:696,893.1 y3
Toledo, OHInternational Park
Dewatered Dredge volume/year:360,000 y3
1
5
3
24
250125
ScaleN
62.50
Mound creation
Phasing
Site section 0 20 40 801
abstracted water c
ourse
7 layers maxim
um
8 Fir
st ph
ase
7 6 5 5 5 4 La
st ph
ase
Overall dimensionsAcres: 42Void spaces create
mounds
For mounds 2 and 3, utilizing sheet pile retaining walls
Height of mounds
Comparison
40 for combined sewer pipe
40 public60 public40 functional40 functional40 functional36 functional
40 m
ound
3
60 m
ound
1
40 m
ound
2
360
288
305
3,75
0 o
r 0.7
mile
s
One
Sea
Gate
Bui
ldin
g: 4
11
5 Public mound includes a 20 high sledding hill at 20-30% slope with 10 wide level space at top for further recreation
Birds eye view
3
10 wide path highlights views to Toledo skyline, sheet pile retaining walls reflect history of the city
River path
212 wide walkway allows access to the 45 elevation on the public mound, providing sweeping views of downtown Toledo and the Maumee River
Elevated walkway
International Park Toledo, OH
Eight billion gallons of sewage is dumped into the Maumee River and Lake Erie annually. Akron and Toledo contribute about almost 90% of that sewage pollution and Toledo itself accounts for 44%. The issue of sewage pollution and open-lake dredging are two of the main reasons for the declining of overall health of Lake Erie.
Combined sewer systems are not an issue but in Toledos case, the problem lies in part with the combined sewer system overflow. The combined sewer transport both stormwater and sewage to eventually be treated in a treatment plant. When flows become too extreme for the system to handle, the overflow system is initiated pumping both stormwater and sewage into the Maumee River and Lake Erie.
To help alleviate this issue, I propose tapping into existing stormwater systems and diverting it to be day-lighted at International Park. This would produce a stormwater watershed, which would institute delineation of the surrounding context where water would be harnessed and then transported to the site. Ideally, this system would be able to incorporate dredge material by creating containers (CDFs) for dredge material and using dredge material to contain. A folded landscape along with underground cisterns would allow for flows of stormwater to slow, filter through percolation, enter holding cisterns, and re-enter the system decreasing the frequency of combined sewer overflow polluting.
Entirely new combined sewer systems may contain increased amounts of stormwater but still have the possibility to pollute through overflows. Rather than raise the citys storwmater budget on costly infrastructure improvements, Toledo can utilize the existing needed process of dredging to create landscapes that filter, slow, and decrease quantities of stormwater that enter the existing system. This can transform dredge material into a highly useful resource to not only the city of Toledo, but also to Lake Erie.
Matthew Chiampi [independence park]
site masterplan0 400
full containment cdf
pedestrian access
pedestrian walkway
interaction cdf
restored wetland
open recreation cdf
meadow landscape
interaction cdf
bio-filtration landscape
dredged channel
5,531,546.24 cu. ft.
1,423,650.98 cu. ft.
2,548,322.29 cu. ft.
3,971,973.27 cu. ft.
35,417,159.31 cu. ft.
= 48,892,652.09 cu. ft. of dredge
0 50
site details
cdf containers calculations
cdf typologies
1 interaction 2 open recreation space 3 full containment
dredge typologies
1 bio-filtration1 landscape fold = 36,541,537 cub. ft.
3 restored wetland
2 meadow
4 light recreation
CDF PERSPECTIVE
site axonometric
site process
1 containers 2 dump dredge
+
3 cap + finish
dredge material
containers
restored wetland
pedestrian circulation
folded landscape
cs pipe + cisterns
Riparian buer comprising of native species. These riparian areas will allow for a variety of plant species, reduction in pollution, and a diverse visual experience.
Entrance path that leads to the main boardwalk.
Start of the main boardwalk that runs along the riverfront.
An added architectural building design that features a restaurant in order to help attract more visitors and give an exclusive riverfront experience.
The 28 million dollar proposed pipeline is scheduled to be imple-mented in 2015. This pipe holds a storage volume of 4.9 million gallons (24,000 cubic yards), this cut sub terrain of the pipeline volume will be mixed with dredge material in order to create the landscape found thought the site. These large mounds contain a total volume of 57,050 cubic yards of dredge material and will create a rare landscape that denes the constructed environ-ment. The undulating mounds will also give Toledo residents a space that cannot be found anywhere around the city. This dredge material will be taken from Conned Disposal Facilities (CDFs), and trucked to the site. The added commercial areas will attract additional visitors and allow for a diverse experience.
Existing commercial buildings will remain.
Volleyball court area will be moved and downsized in order to make room for landscape features and additional commercial space. The surrounding three mounds hold a combined volume of 3500 cubic yards.
Docking area will expand in order to give additional space for visitors to come by boat.
The site is dened by the landscape forms and thus constructed element revolve around the position of these forms.
Riparian buers will be included along the boardwalk to create a diverse number of species, allow for proper stormwater inltration and give a change in the boardwalk experience.
This last commercial building is built into the landscape creating an inspirational ideology of designing within the dominant landscape. This landscape mound has a volume of approximately 2000 cubic yards.
Connection between the main boardwalk and walking paths that move throughout the site. The remaining dredge mounds found above and below the connection consist of a combined 5000 cubic yards.
Entrance path that leads to both the bike and pedestrian paths. This path moves along a 10ft high mound with a volume of 850 cubic yards.
Existing entrance road to site.
Renovated parks and recreation building. Surrounded by a 1300 cubic yard mound.
The existing parking lot will be utilized but 1/3 of the original parking area will be taken away.
These landforms not only hold 2500 cubic yards of dredge material but are also used to create a varied topography to create an interesting change that is found no where else in Toledo.
The mounds also contain native species commonly found within a northern majestic forest.
Existing trail head will be preserved and repaired if the pipeline has damaged it.
Forested areas will contain natural openings, allowing for a diverse set of species and a variety of experiences. This mound has a volume of 1800 cubic yards.
Existing road will change due to the landforms of the dredge material allowing for a unied hierarchy which is dened by the landscape.
As a continued threshold from the more structured commercial area decreases, the amount of dredge mounds and forested area will increase. This mound holds 4600 cubic yards.
Purposed E-3 Storage pipeline to be implemented in 2015.
Another spiral path mound that holds 9500 cubic yards of dredge. These types of mounds contain ground ora and fauna for a more open experience, slope stabilization, and to deter visitors from diverging o the path.
The largest dredge mound accompa-nied by a spiraling path that leads a visitor almost 30 ft above the existing grade. This elevated visual view will give the visitor a unique experience. The dredge mound has a volume of approximately 25,000 cubic yards.
Landscape is built around proposed buildings to create a transition of hierarchy.
The total volume of all of the mounds found throughout the site comprises of 57,050 cubic yards of dredge material.
Larch 414International Park
11/2/2012Thomas KydMaster Plan
Design Intent
Commercial Mound3
Boardwalk with Mound1
Commercial Water Front4
Spiral Mound2
N
Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment
Ashley ReedThe Pennsylvania State University
Landscape Architecture 414November 2012
Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment
1
Table of Contents
2-5 Toledo Park Infrastructure Research
6 Precedents
7 Site Plan
8 Park Features and Ampihtheatre CDF
9 Section A: Road to Stage
9 Section B: Marina to Rails to Trails
9 Elevation C: Boardwalk Bridge
10 Urban Camping
11 Evening on the Boardwalk
Design Abstract
The Thomas Edison Park was designed to create an urban outdoor entertainment space for the city of Toledo. Toldeos greenspace infrastructure lacks natural areas, entertainment venues and a connection to surrounding areas and future development; this design brings these amenities together in a naturalistic urban entertainment park. The main feature of the park is the Edison Amphitheatre to hold weekly attractions such as concerts, speakers, movie nights, and other large events. The Forest Clearings are intimate flexible spaces that can act as picnic areas or be turned into campgrounds for large events bringing in revenue for the city. The Edison Boardwalk and Skyline Outlook bring visitors out to the Maumee River and also offer views of Toledos industrial infrastructure as well as the skyline and the bridge. The Boardwalk Bridge connects the site to the Maritime Museum and future development. The Event Lawn and Formal Welcome Area create open space to hold large community events such as farmers markets, snowball fights, carnivals and fairs, sporting events, and also can be converted to a large campground for events. Finally the Constructed Wetland creates a contrast in not only form but the environmental habitat on site. These features work together to create an urban entertainment park that will serve Toledo and the surrounding communities for years to come.
Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment
Map and Table Data Source: The City of Toledo Division of RecreationData Source: The City of Toledo Division of Recreatio
Toledo Park Infrastructure Research
2
Ashley Reed [edison park]
Urban CampingThomas Edison Park
Urban Entertainment10
Evening on the BoardwalkThomas Edison Park
Urban Entertainment11
Boardwalk Connection to Maritime Museum Boaters Entrace
Allows Boaters to Dock and
Attend Events
Boardwalk Bridge Has 14 Boat
Clearance
Skyline Outlook Gathering Area for
Campers
Views towards
Downtown Toledo
Constructed Wetland Natural Area
Maumee Fed
Dredge lined
for nutrients
Edison Boardwalk Brings visitors
to the water
Views of Bay,
Bridge, and
City
Skyway Stage Variety of Events
Veterans Glass
City Skyway as
backdrop
Rails to Trails Connection to Citys
Existing Trail System
Entrance for Pedestrians
and CyclistsEdison Amphitheater Seating for Events
Mini-CDF for Dredge
Backside is a
constructed grasslandPark Trail System Extends, throughout
the site, the Citys trail
systemSeparation Mound Blocks site from road
Dredge Material
Constructed Grassland
Separation Mound Blocks site from
road
Dredge Material
Constructed
Grassland
Formal Welcome Area Entrance for Pedestrians
and CyclistsMain Entrance Entrance for Pedestrians
and Cyclists
Connection to major
intersection
Connection to Tribute
Park
Event Lawn Another Space with a
variety of Events
Central Gathering Area
Parking Lot Drivers Entrace
Existing Maritime
Parking lot renovated with more
spaces and a drop off
Connection to Front Street
Maritime Museum
Maritime Museum Boat Docks Gives site connection
Boating community
A
B
C
Forest Clearing Intimate
Gathering
Areas
Camping
Picnics
Forest Renovation
and Extension
of existing tree grove
Natural Area
5 Contours Shown
(Exceptions at the start
of the landforms)
Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment
7
032
64128
Section A: Road to Stage
Section B: Marina to Rails to Trails
Elevation C: Boardwalk Bridge
0
16
32
64
0
16
32
64
0
16
32
64
Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment
9
Park Features Amphitheatre CDF
Natural Areas Forest Wetland Grassland Connection to water Heavily PlantedBoat Connections Maritime Museum Boat Docks Boardwalk Bridge connecting Museum to siteForest Clearings Campgrounds for large events, brings in revenue to Toledo Intimate Gathering Areas Picnic AreasTrails Network throughout site Connection to Rails to TrailsLighting Taking advantage of bridge and industrial lights on the river Mimicking industrial lights with bulb lights on boardwalkLawn Maintenance Main Gathering Lawn, Amphitheatre , and Forest Clearings needs maintained often for weekly useEntertainment Spaces Gathering Lawn for recreation, but also farmers markets, carnivals, winter events, fairs, more campground, and block parties. Amphitheatre for concerts, plays, speakers, shows, benefits, and summer movie nights. Also designed for everyday use.Dredge Material Mini Combined Disposal Facility in Amphitheatre, sheet pile used to create terraces All mounds are constructed out of dredge 6 soil cap on dredge to control phragmites and promote healthy vegetative growth Layer of dredge on bottom of wetland, nutrients in dredge helps establish a healthy wetland Site holds 918,513.41yd of dredge material which is about 2.5 years of Toledos dredge production (after drying)
1.5 Sitting Wall
2 Sheet Piles for Sitting Nooks
Grass Covered Terraces for Seating
6 Clean Soil Cap
7 Drilled Sheet Pile
Filled with Dried Dredge Material
Not to a Scale
Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment
8
To
led
o, O
hio
Gri
ff G
ala
nte
Dre
dg
e S
tud
io -
Se
an
Bu
rkh
old
er
Thomas Edison Park
Project Description:
Create a contemplative destination for the Business Leaders Meeting at the future marina docks project site of Chinese investors Yuan Xiaohona and Wu Kin Hung. This design will be a park for industry and business leaders to meet with clients and co-workers. This space will create a stress-free experience of inspiration and creativity. It will also bring the hard, industrious city closer to the natural landscape.
The design elements of this project focus on the symbolic and metaphorical meanings behind rocks and mountains. A vertical element is created by layering dredge material until a karst topographical mountain develops on the site. Pedestrians will experience this mountain on two different levels: above being the surface level of movement, and below in the tunnel being the meditative experience. The site will host many different activities, including contemplative experiences, recreational, business meetings, picnics for local residents, and exercise zones. The site will use roughly 300,000 cubic yards of dredge material in the construction of this project.
Circulation Diagram, Points of Interest
[The Most Important Orientation, Was IN]
Design IntentCreate a Contemplative Destination for Business Leaders Meeting at the Future Marina Docks Project of Chinese Investors Yuan Xiaohona and Wu Kin Hung. This Design Will Be a Park for Industry and Business Leaders to Meet With Clients and Co-workers. This Space Will Create a Stress-Free Experience of Inspiration and Creativity. It Will Also Bring the Hard, Industrious City Closer to the Natural Landscape.
The Above World level of movement on the site. Here pedestrians have the full freedom allowed by their legs to roam the hill top. This movement is based on the concept of an Unfocused Mind.
bridge and main access road. These roads allow for intriguing views for drivers.
This path is the mirror opposite of the Above World level of movement. The lower bath involves the experience of Self-Awareness. It is a literal metaphor for meditation and the journey to your inner-self.
The Overlook, a balcony looking down upon the pedestrians who have arrived at the waterfront from the tunnel. This space adds a destination for the pedestrians walking above, as well becomes a relaxing place to sit and picnic in good weather conditions.
The lower gathering space will spot a pedestrians 50 feet below the Overlook, gazing in awe at the fact that they have walked on a normal path, into a winding tunnel, and reached the waters edge with a mountain standing tall behind them. Pedestrians can enjoy the end of their Journey into their own minds, by relaxing with friends to enjoy lunch with a cool breeze
The Chinese believed that somewhere in the highest mountains there was a cave that was an exact representation of the world outside. In its center was a stalactite that gave off the milk of contentment. Any rock that suggests a mountain, cave or stalactite became symbolically important. This idea is reinforced by the Chinese notion that in addition to north and south, east and west, the most important orientation was in. It is because of this inward focus that Chinese culture looked for paradise inside of things, just as western culture looked upward and outside. In Chinese art, this orientation caused a search for a world within a world, for imagery in surprising and unpredictable places.v
Let us imagine that early Chinese lived in limestone caves. We know that karst limestone caves are common in China, and that among their characteristics are endlessly winding tunnels. They have underground streams and lakes, skylights, even fish. The geography of this world was so complex, that people would not be able to explore and map them in a dozen lifetimes. Paradoxically, when they emerged from these caves, they could readily see and walk around the small mountains that contained these worlds within worlds.
TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader
Griffen Galante [edison park]
Rendered Plan, Critical Points
Parking Lot, One Way TrafficAccess Directly From Adjacent Park
Open MindThe Freedom to Walk Where You Please
The TunnelExperience a Meditative Journey
The ForkThe Choice to Walk Freely or Deliberately
The OverlookExperience Views of The River, Downtown, and The Bridge
The WaterfrontLook Back in Awe at The Rising Mountain You Have Traversed
A
B
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader
Open CeilingThe Open Ceiling Is Located Along the Entrance Heading Into the Tunnel Itself.
Partially ClosedDepending Upon the Location of
This Ceiling, Fences Will Be Placed Around the Openings to Protect People From Falling In.
If the Tunnel Is Shallow Enough, Pedestrians Will Be Able to
Access the Edge and Watch People Walking Below.
Fully ClosedThis Type of Ceiling Provides Pedestrians Above a Connector Bridge to Pass Over the Tunnel Beneath. This Type Doesnt Extend Far as It Will Create an Undesired Claustrophobic Experience for Pedestrians Within the Tunnels
Quarry GardenThis Award WInning Design Led to the Design Element of the Tunnel, Ending With a Realisation That One Has Just Walked Through an Enormous Mountain Landscape.
Slot CanyonsThe Natural Erosion Created By Desert Winds Was the Inspiration for the Tunnel Designs. The Awe Inspiring Effect Caused By the Light Rays Shining Through the Crevasses in the Ceilings Became the Basis for the Tunnel Types.
Rendered Perspectives
Ceiling TypesThe Tunnel Has Many Elements That Relate Closely to Slot Canyons Found in Popular Desert Locations Around The World. The Tunnel Will Have Varied Ceiling Types, Placed in Varied Integrals Along the Mountain Surface. The Types consist of an Open Path, Partially Closed, and Fully Closed Path. Each Type Creates a Different Experience Along the Tunnel, By Allowing Varying Amounts of Sun Light to Shine Down.
Tunnel Elements
TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader
Rendered Sections, Critical Points
A
B
TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader
Hydraulic Dredge Materialvia docked barge
Phasing | Site Process Cycles
Dredge Dewatering Container 1
Class B dredge material has been fully dewatered but not remediated. It is suitable for adaptive re-use as fill in
transportation infrastructure projects as conducted by the city of Toledo
Class B dredge material has been phytore-mediated by introducted species, helianthus annuus. The majority of organic pollutants
(PCBs, PAHs) have been removed. It is suitable for adaptive re-use as fill in
residential and commercial projects as conducted by the city of Toledo
Helianthus annuus may be culled and removed off-site after having
accumulated a sufficient quantity of organic pollutants from class b dredge
materials in containers 2 +3. The sunflowers may be re-used in biofuel
generation on or off-site
Diffused water is rhizofiltered by introduced species, typha latifolia.
Water, having undergone two phases of remediation is released into the
Maumee River. Typha latifolia is culled and shipped off-site for compositing and
wetland mitigation projects.
Dry dredge material is trucked on-site for construction of contained landforms that
determine the spatial composition of public and private spaces.
Dry Dredge Materialvia dump trucks
Initial Landform Constructionhand + machine labor
confined disposal facilitiespublic shipping channel dredging projects
private environmental remediation dredging projects
Class B Dredge MaterialContainers 2+3+4
PhytoremediationContainers 2+3
Admixture SamplingContainer 4
B
Diffused WaterContainer 5
RhizofiltrationContainer 5
output [water + plant remains]
+
+
+ +
output [class b dredge material]
output [class a dredge material] output [biofuel briquette] output [various construction materials]
B
A
2-3 weeks
6 months 6 months varies
continuous
Phasing | Site Process Cycles
2 week cycle | week 0barge parks at loading dock, hydraulic dredge is pumped into container 1
2 week cycle | week 2 + 6 month cycle| month 0dredge dewaterment process complete. water is released into container 5, 90% of dredge [class b] is shipped off-site*, 10% remains on-site for further remediation
6 month cycle | month 6class a dredge + culled vegetation + admixture products shipped off-site*
6 month cycle | processrhizofiltration + phytoremediation + admixture sampling
+
+
Phasing | Site Construction
Construct Semi-Public Landformsfill: dry dredge material
Construct Public Circulation Infrastructurematerials: see structural rib axon
Construct Dredge Containers + Viewing Nodesmaterials: steel + re-enforced concrete
12
34
5
transferoutput
input
output
infiltrateinfiltrateinfiltrateinfiltrateinfiltrateinfiltrate
trans
fer
outp
ut
a sealed drainage mat with polymer membranehere, vacuum pressure is applied from a vacuum pump in order to accelerate the dredge dewatering process, the drainage mat is dark black to intercept and contain heat during summer months, speeding up the dewatering processb dredge slurry input [rapid dewatering]c geotextile filter fabricd coarse drainage aggregatee perforated drainage piperemoved water is relocated to dredge container 5 where further infiltration and release into constructed remediation wetlands occursf hydraulic dredge pipea valved pipe connects to the site dock extension where hydraulic dredge is released into container 1g internal water infiltration beamsh dump truck/cranedewatered dredge is transported from container 1 to containers 2-4
1
a
b
c
dg
h
e
f
2
3
4
Container Typology Perspective 1| Functional Remediation of Hydraulic Dredge Material
5| Water Release ContainerWater diffused from the dredge dewatering process is piped into dredge container 5. Here, water is released into the container via one of 5 valved pipes. The idea of containment will allow for the introduction of aquatic rhizomatous grasses. Introduced species such as typhus latifolia will perform rhizofiltration acting as a second filter for the diffused water from the original dredge input. The majority of organic pollutants leftover from the original hydraulic dredge input will be accumulated by these introduced species (PCBs, PAHs). Filtered water will then be released over a constructed armor rock weir to the existing Maumee River. The egress side of the weir is to be terraced to promote the establishment of shallow photic zones where submerged aquatic vegetation may grow.output: rhizofiltered water [originally diffused from dredge dewaterment in container 2] + mature wetland grasses for re-planting/composting
a diffused water is piped inward directly from container 1b five valved secondary pipes collect water from the entry line and release water into container 5 via a slow and controlled process in order to inhibit microecosystem disturbancec typhus latifolia and other rhizomatous wetland grasses are introduced to rhizofiltrate the remainder of organic pollutants within the introduced water flowd armor stone control weire water is released back into the Maumee River, having undergone two remediation processes. The pier extends into the river and uses varying size stones to promote the establishment of aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the river release point.
abc
d
e
Container Typology Perspective 2| Additional Remediation of Released Water from Container 1
input
release
release
release
1| Dredge Dewatering ContainerDredge is pumped into container 1 via a valved line that attaches to the hydraulic dredge unit upon arrival at the dock. The 50% water, 50% solid dredge input is capped with a reusable polymer membrane and vacuum pressure is applied via an adjacent tank. Pressure is applied with the most force above infiltration beams, where water migrates to a coarse aggregate layer. Here, water percolates to one of several perforated pipelines, which directs the water towards dredge container 5 (see container typology perspective 2), for further remediation and release into the river.output: class b dredge material [suitable for transportationinfrastructure projects], removed at 2-3 week intervals
2+3| Phytoremediation ContainersDewatered dredge from container 1 is removed in 2 week cycles. The majority of this output is shipped off-site for use in infrastructure projects directed by the Ohio Department of Transportation. Priority access to this dewatered dredge material will be awarded to the city of Toledo for urban renewal projects. Containers 2, 3, and 4 will receive the remainder of the output from container 1s two week cycles. Phytoremediation process-es will be applied to this material, via the use of sunflowers and the introduction of microbial populations. Sunflowers will be culled and harvested upon seasonal cycles. output: class a dredge material [suitable for residential, commercial fill projects] + biofuel briquette [suitable for industrial use as a substitute for other fossil fuels], removed at 6 month intervals
4| Admixture Application ContainerLess than 5% of class b dredge is moved to container 4 at the end of each biweekly cycle. Various aggregates, reinforcement elements, and chemical admixtures may be applied to class b dredge within various holding cells. output: construction materials [suitable for a wide range of projects and research based on the success of the applied admixture]
5| Water Release ContainerWater diffused from the dredge dewatering process is piped into dredge container 5. Here, water is released into the container via one of 5 valved pipes. The idea of containment will allow for the introduction of aquatic rhizomatous grasses. Introduced species such as typhus latifolia will perform rhizofiltration acting as a second filter for the diffused water from the original dredge input. The majority of organic pollutants leftover from the original hydraulic dredge input will be accumulated by these introduced species (PCBs, PAHs). Filtered water will then be released over a constructed armor rock weir to the existing Maumee River. The egress side of the weir is to be terraced to promote the establishment of shallow photic zones where submerged aquatic vegetation may grow.output: rhizofiltered water [originally diffused from dredge dewaterment in container 2] + mature wetland grasses for re-planting/composting
+
+
A
B
+
Container Perspectives| Legend [correspond with container typology perspectives 1+2]
Very little sediment dredged from the Toledo Harbor is being beneficially re-used, remediated, or efficiently recycled. The Ohio EPA has expressed concern in the viability of open lake dredge placement and CDF dredge storage as practical sediment management strategies. In addition, Toledo residents lack the comprehension of dredge material as a functional element. This proposal illustrates Edison park as a catalyst for the interaction between dredge remediation and site user. Dredge will be exposed in various containers on-site. Its performa-tive processes of accretion, dewaterment, and succession are accelerated to yield various outputs for the city of Toledo. These in-situ functional processes are bordered by raised pedestrian circulation ribs, inducing a dialectic interaction between site user and dredge remediation. Through efficient cycles of 2 weeks and 6 months, two classes of remediated dredge are shipped off-site for use by Toledo in both transportation and residential con-struction projects.
Matthew Moffitt [edison park]
Site Section Perspective| Visual Interaction with the Maumee River
Site Process Sections | Hydraulic Dredge Remediation +Excavation Infrastructure
CLASS A DREDGE + CULLED HELIANTHUS ANNUUSTRANSFERED OFF-SITE
CULLED TYPHA LATIFOLIATRANSFERED OFF-SITE
CYCLE 2 | 6 MONTHS EA REMOVE [CLASS A DREDGE] + HARVEST [CROP FOR BIOFUEL]
5 1 1 2
i iiiii iv
water + vegetation slurry [dewater]_waterremediated dredge +
vegetationslurry [dewater]_dewatered dredgeinput
[hydraulic dredge]
river site
Cycle 2 Processesi. A barge docks at the proposed landing point, via a new extension to the existing Maumee River shipping channel. A valved attachment pumps hydraulic dredge into dredge container 1 with the appropriate volume and velocity.ii. Introduced typhus latifolia is removed from container 5 and shipped off-site. It may be used in sustainable composting projects conducted by the city of Toledo.iii. Water diffused from dredge container 1 is piped into a release cistern attached to container 5. iv. Dewatered class b dredge is removed from containers 2 and 3. Introduced helianthus annuus is removed from container 5 and shipped off-site. It may be used as biofuel during renewable energy generation testing.
Site Process Sections | Hydraulic Dredge Remediation +Excavation Infrastructure
CLASS B DREDGEDEWATERED,TRANSFERED OFF-SITE
2-3 WEEKS EA DEWATER + TRANSFER + REMOVE [CLASS B DREDGE]
5 1 1 2
i iiiii. iv viv
water [release!]
river site
slurry [dewater]_water
dewatered dredge[phytoremediate]
slurry [dewater]_dewatered dredgeinput
[hydraulic dredge]
Cycle 1 Processes i. A barge docks at the proposed landing point, via a new extension to the existing Maumee River shipping channel. A valved attachment pumpshydraulic dredge into dredge container 1 with the appropriate volume and velocity.ii. A control valve releases hydraulic dredge into container 1 at a controlled rate. During each 2-3 week cycle, enough hydraulic dredge is released to retain a consistent dewatering process.iii. Water diffused from dredge container 1 is piped into a release cistern attached to container 5. A series of pipes control the release of water from the cistern into container 5 at a velocity harmless to the succession of aquatic vegetation.iv. Content threshold weir: dewatering process is separated (with some transparency) from the class b dredge collection process. v. Water infiltration lines: spread across the base of the container, additional diffused water is collected and output towards container 5vi. Dewatered class b dredge is removed from container 1. The majority of class b dredge is shipped off-site in trucks and used for transportation infrastructure projects in Toledo. 5-10% of class b dredge is removed during each biweekly cycle and dumped into containers 2 and 3 for cycle 2 phytoremediation processes or dumped into container 4 for material testing.
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
14
13
12
6
7
Plan Render | Site Interactions
rib enclosure railing
modular pre-cast concrete cap
structural steel deck
steel truss bearing structure
initial phase constructed landform
Structural Rib Axon| Circulation Infrastructure for the Viewing of Research Containers as Theatre
project 2
image: andy turner via panoramio
project 2
image: sean burkholder
Connections between people, freighters, and invasive species converge at Toledo Harbor Light
Gabriella SalveminiConnective LandscapeThe dredging industry is necessary to the city of Toledo, connecting the city to other large cities and the United States Interior by allowing freighters to carry their cargo from port to port. This idea of connection is the basis for design. By connecting people to the physical manifestations of dredge, they can understand why this process per-forms a positive function. Focusing on freighters as a direct result of dredging and invasive species as the indirect result of these activities, purposeful design moves help people recognize hidden connections and become further informed on how dredging fits in to their contemporary landscape.
Rhizome barriers
Seed barrier
Aquatic barrier
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
BowRifle
Research
To gain funds for the construction and maintenance of the island, hunting will be promoted as the main use of the island. Restrictions on hunting season, bag limit, and spread of invasives off the island provide structure to an otherwise open landscape. The island will be open to researchers during the off-season to gather data on control methods.
In order to explore beneficial uses of invasive species, a series of control devices are implemented within a portion of the third island. The remainder of the island serves as disturbed habitat for comparison of growth patterns. By preventing rhizome growth, fragment movement, and seed movement, the goal is to provide control methods for invasive species, allowing them to take on a new role in the contemporary landscape.
10 deep concrete rhizome barriers extend across the lowlands around water bodies. They serve two purposes, functioning to restrict rhizome growth of phragmites and reed canary grass, and acting as pathways across the island. The barriers vary in width; 6 wide, 3 wide, and 2 wide. The widest are for people to move across, the smallest is functional.
Dense mesh is stationed at the entrance to the interior waterway as well as the entry and exit of each of the 3 ponds. This is to prevent movement of aquatic plant fragments from water body to water body. Aquatic invasives will be planted on the outer waterways, with the hope that fragments will be stopped by the mesh and limited invasives found in the interior of the waterway.
Landform is arranged in 15 high ridges to prevent the movement of purpleloosestrife seeds via wind. The ridges are oriented to block seeds moving with the summer wind directions.
t
The bay is planted with phragmites australis, and has nets for zebra mussels in the water. This arrangement is meant to help filter nitrogen and phosphorus out of the water that enters into the stream.
The series of ponds have nets installed to prevent plant fragment movement at each end, and through monitoring scientists can see any relationship between nutrient levels on interior water versus lake water to see if methods in the bay are working.
Upland habitat is meant for deer, with landform designed around a series of pinch points that function as places where deer congregate. Species like oak, wild grape, and clover will be planted for forage.
1: bay
Micro habitat relationships
2 : pond3 : forest
Deer habitat
Monitoring
Filtration1: bay
2 : pond
3 : forest
Accessible to the public, this island includes boat docks so people can visit the historic Toledo Harbor Light and experience native plant communities via raised boardwalk that traverses the island. A 30 high viewing deck allows the public to visually interact with passing freighters utilizing the dredge channel. The viewing deck also allows views to the existing Toledo Harbor Lighthouse, and constructed wetlands beneath.
ISLAND 1 : Public + native species
Site Plan
1
2
3 : controlled invasive
3 : invasive
Phasing
ISLAND 2 : Research + native species
ISLAND 3 : Hunters and researchers + invasive species
Design of the islands are very user specific; spanning the dredge channel they each hold a different vegetative context for people to experience. The smallest is designed to show anthropogenic influences on native plant communities and provide interactions with freighters in the channel. At the center, an island is dedicated to native plant communities accessed only by researchers for monitoring purposes. The largest island houses invasive species, with one half exercising control over them, and the other left for colonization so that growth habits may be compared.
Primary Reproduction Method Habitat Nutrient Absorbtion
Growth Patternrhizo
meseed frag
ment
veligers
aquatic
wetland
degraded
colonize
r
aquatic m
ats
high den
sity
seed viab
ility
rapid gro
wth
escape routessurrounding elevationsun exposureopen area to bed
Characteristics of invasive species are drawn upon in the design to create a space that investigates positive effects and higher control of their spread. Deer are included in this investigation since they can become an invasive species themselves, and often create the degraded landscapes that invasive species thrive on.
summer wind
Lake current
The largest island is designed with respect to environmental conditions and deer habitat requirements. Wind and lake currents inform the location of a bay and stream with a series of ponds that cuts across the island. A portion of the island implements a series of control devices meant to stop rhizome growth, fragment, and seed movement.
Harborlands
Ballast water system as stabilizing mechanism
>>Source port
Ballast tanks
Empty cargo hold Full cargo hold
Ballast tanks
Cargo loaded
Nearly empty ballast Full ballast
>>In transit >>Destination >>In transit1 2 3 4
Cargo unloaded
The exchange of ballast water is a stabilization mechanism necessary to the shipping industry. The rocess, which maintains buoyancy after changes in cargo weight, also has some serious ramifications for the ecology of the Great Lakes.
Some species die off
Ballast water as conduit for invasive/non-native flora and fauna
>>Source port
Non-native organisms expelled
= SEVERE ecologic / eco``nomic costs to Lake environment and associated industries (750 mil to 1 bil in one decade for zebra mussels alone)*
When ballast water is taken up, aquatic organisms, seeds, and microbes that reside in the water column are taken in as well. Ideally, most of these species will expire during the voyage but, some survive and are released with the ballast water at the destination port. This process has led to the introduction of a wide range of non-native and invasive species, such as sea lamprey and zebra mussels, where the ballast wa-ter acts as the conduit for this exchange.
*Progress and Challenges in Preventing introduction into U.S. Waters Via the Ballast Water in Ships, U.S. GOA, 9/2005
Native organisms captured
>>In transit >>Destination >>In transit1 2 3 4
200 nautical mi. >> 2000 m. depth- Exemptions
- Lack of altnative exchange zones
- Ineffective containment of invasive species
- SHORT-term solution
- Development of alternate methods
- Increase in ship ballast capacity
Lack of exchange zones
>>Shortcomings
>>UN requirements
bal- cargo
The Final Rule regulations and United Nations IMO requirements
In reaction to this, the Coast Guard has implemented the Final Rule, a set of laws that dictate that all ballast water exchange occur 200 nautical miles from shoreline and at a depth of 2000 meters, effectively making the Great Lakes a no exchange zone. The final rule is a short term solution lacking alternate ex-change zones and proving to be largely ineffective. The UN set forth a series of recommendations as a re-sult of a convention held on the topic that demand a set of standards for ballast water to be put in place and for the ballast water capacity of ships to be enlarged, a process viewed as unattractive to the shipping industry as it diminishes cargo space on board a vessel.
Emma Hahn
200 nautical mi. >> 2000 m. depth
This design proposes an approach that forms a break between the input and output of ballast water, creating a treatment system contained by dredge material that serves to mediate the exchange process.
Released foreign ballast water + -Exchanged lake ballast water
Mediate inputs and outputs through alternate method
>> Ballast management island
1
2
>> Ironhead High Bay
Defouling + ballast capacity mitigation
alternate exchange
zone + ballast water
treatment + defouling
2
The system establishes Toledo as a hub for ballast water exchange within the Great Lakes. The first ele-ment, the alternate exchange zone is located along the shipping channel for ease of accessibility and pro-vides exchange services, treatment of ballast water, and defouling maintenance. The second element, the existing Ironhead Marine Inc. graving dock will become the headquarters in expertise for the enhancement of ship ballast capacity. Coupled, the system will allow the region to meet UN standards while provide options for exchange without the sacrifice of cargo space.
Shipping channel
Bath house Lake Erie
Surplus holding cell 2 >> public hot springs
Cooling run >> holding cell 1
Viewing platform
Floating dry dock
Shipping channel
Filtration system and heat treatment sequence
The proposed alternate exchange zone features a dry dock and treatment island. The dry dock enables vessels to release ballast water into the treatment sequence and to intake sanitized water, as well as receiving de-fouling services, through which algae, mussels, etc. are removed from the vessel before going to port. Once ballast water is released, it is piped into the treatment sequence present on the island.
Floating dry dock
+ Ships exchange ballast through treatment sequence prior to docking at port+ Fouling is removed to reduce transport risks
Floating dry dock implementation
+ Requires limited dredging (in comparison to
graving dock)
+ Located along shipping channel to maximize
accessibility
Dredge disposal containment
+ Structure accomodates 33,706,282 cubic ft.
of dredge material
Primary Filtration
+ 100,000 m3 / hr capability+ Removes majority of species in released ballast
Heat Exchanger
+ Brings water to roughly 110 degrees F+ Removes microbial biomass in ballast water
Cooling Run / Holding cell 1
+ Holds freshly santized water until backflowed+ Lowers temperature of heat treated water
Public hot springs / Overflow holding cell 2
+ Quantities that overwhelm cell 1 are directed into cell 2 until backflowed+ Purified water provides public amentity and social space for community
I
II
III
IV
V
Once piped, the ballast water flows through the primary filtration system, a series of high capacity filters that extract most organisms. From there, the water passes through a heat exchanger, which increases wa-ter temperatures to roughly 110 degrees Fahrenheit, effectively removing microbial life and seeds. At this point, the water is sterilized.
Public hot springs / Overflow holding cell 2
+ Quantities that overwhelm cell 1 are directed into cell 2 until backflowed+ Purified water provides public amentity and social space for community
Sterilized water does not provide any particular ecological benefit if released into the lake, so treated ballast is maintained on the island and used both as a bank from which vessels may take in water and as a public amenity. The heated water flows out of treatment into the initial holding cell which acts to slight-ly cool water and contain a capacity equal to average ballast. Once this cell is overwhelmed, water over-flows into the surplus holding cell, cell 2, which takes the form of a public hot springs. The heated, purified water provides an amenity for the Toledo community, allowing visitors to be part of an essential industrial process innately related to the shipping industry and legacy of the Toledo harbor.
The treatment island structure accommodates 33,706,282 cubic ft. of dredge material, further addressing is-sues perpetuated by, yet necessary to the shipping industry, along the axis of the shipping channel.
BACKGROUND
sandusky river
maum
ee rive
rPhosphorus Contributions among
Lake Erie Tributaries
55%
nonpoint sources
point
s
ources
Point Source vsNonpoint Source Phosphorus
Contributions
Phosphorus is collected in stormwater runoff after runningthrough farmland.
RUNOFF
MAUM
EE R
OTTAWA CR
TOUSSAINT CR
While researching the different issues associated with the Maumee Bay, I discovered that most of them result from the poor water quality that is caused by the phosphorus deposition into the lake. Ultimately trying to track the direct source of the phosphorus, I found that most of the contaminated input is coming from nonpoint sources, or runoff. To track the source even further, more research proved the Maumee River as one of the biggest contributors of Phosphorus runoff along with the Sandusky River, combining a total of 55% of all phosphorus entering the lake. Because a good majority of the land use around the Maumee River is agricultural, it became clear that much of the contamination came from these farm fields.
BACKGROUND
Phosphorus creates eutrophication, resulting inalgal bloom creation
CONTAMINATION
MAUMEE BAY
After gathering all of this research, I decided that main goal would be in finding a strategy to reform farming practices in a way that controlled the runoff before it entered the lake. Hull & Associates had already done some research in this area that laid out a general plan for applying dredge to agricultural fields and direct its draining back into the lake. I looked closer into the land around the Maumee Bay and the process that could take place in this new application process.
1 2 3Dredge is concentrated at the lake channel center of gravity. Anisland is constructed to aid in the collection of the dredge slurry.
CONCENTRATE 4
island
Dredged slurry is hauled to a pump connected to a scow near thecenter of gravity.
Material is evenly dispersed directly from the mainpipe. A wheel line system travels up and down thefield spraying the slurry.
COLLECTDredged slurry is pumped onto shore.TRANSFER RECEIVE
5 6 7Dredge dewaters in a year-long process and is eitherinfiltrated into underground pipes or is collected withrunoff in a canal that both run to the treatment facility.
CONSOLIDATE 8Water from dredge and runoff enter the treatment centerand are cleansed and tested. Toledo citizens also visit thefacility to learn about the processes involved in cleaningthe river.
After one year of spread and another for consolidation,land crop may be planted.
TREAT & TESTOnce fully cleansed and phosphorus is removed fromwater, it can then be released back into the bay.
RELEASE FARM
PUMP STATIONPUMP STATION BOOSTER STATION
+
OVERALL PROCESS
Once this process was solidified, I determined the two most crucial components that I could continue my studies on for the rest of the project. I decided I would figure out how the farming system would work and how the water would be treated before entering back into the lake.
Alex Marchinski
DREDGE3,000 acres @ 4 depth
19,340,640 cubic yards
dredge field
existing irrigation tiles intersection tunnel dredge distribution
dike wall stream bike path
1 year of dredge600,000 cubic yards
4.14 years of dredge material
REQUIRED DEWATER HOLDING11,604,384 cubic yards
0 5 10 25
feet
50
AGRICULTURAL FIELD DESIGN
Dredge is piped up through the distribution pipes where it is taken up by the spraying irrigation systems that apply the dredge to the farm fields. Once it dewaters, water is collected through existing drainage tiles and sent to the stream or through runoff flow directly from the fields and into the stream. Water from the stream flows directly to the treatment center, running through intersection tunnels along the way.
The amount of dredge that is utilized was calculated using the 3,000 acre requirement at 4 of improvement height. The dewatering calculations took the 60% drainage requirement from the dredge volume to describe the amount of water collected throughout the entire year of the dewatering process. It was then determined to only provide enough volume space to hold one year of dredge dewatering material, anticipating the fact that the facility would not be holding the entire cumulative volume at one time.
dredgepumps in
waterruns out
0 0.5 1 2
miles
3 4
AGRICULTURAL FIELD DESIGN
Understanding the landform and available technologies, the general path of the dredge would be pumped uphill where it would drain on the agricultural fields, dewater, and flow downhill using a channel system.
0 1 2 3 40.5Miles
PARAMETERS3,000 acres required4 dredge height improvement60% dewatered assumedelectric pumping operations
sampledagriculturallocation
treatmentcenterlocation
PARAMETERS3,000 acres required4 dredge height improvement60% dewatered assumedelectric pumping operationspumping & piping design neededpumping & piping design needed
0 0.5 1 2
miles
3 4
AGRICULTURAL FIELD DESIGN
Using the research from Hull & Associated, I pulled general parameters from their study to set guidelines for my project. Two test agricultural plots were determined as well was a general location for the treatment center.
2000 500 1000 2000 5000
feet
0 25 50 100
feet
AGRICULTURAL FIELD DESIGN
The existing intersections in this area dont include any sidewalks or setbacks off of the road; the agricultural fields are directly next to the streets. A new design needed to be implemented that took into account both underground piping and also the proposed water channel.
This entirely new streetscape would serve as a corridor to the treatment center in which the public would have access to. Therefore, a bike path is implemented that exists across the street from the water channel that also uses piping segments that run under the streets upon arriving to the different intersections.
TREATMENT FACILITY DESIGN
Although primarily serving the purposes of treating and testing the water, the treatment facility becomes a public space where local residents and farmers can access and understand these new water treatment methods.
dredge dewater inlet
trea
ted
wate
r ou
tlet
s
1000 200 400
feet
1000
TREATMENT FACILITY DESIGN
TREATMENT FACILITY DESIGN
ARTIFICIAL AERATION & CIRCULATIONCan use plant photosynthesis to catch oxygenHigh levels of dissolved oxygen create a competition for nutrients between algae and natural occurring aerobic bacteriaPhosphorus precipitates out with natural iron, binding it up, unavailable to plants and algae
Introduces aluminum sulfate, benodite clay, and other polymers to water
CONTACT TANK
Aluminum ions react with phosphate to create insoluble aluminum phosphate
Plants need phosphorus as an essential macronutrient
WETLAND
Plants postpone phosphorus saturation of the sediments
Scirpus longii
Carex lacustris
Phalaris arundinacea
Typha latifolia
Various types of water treatment were then taken into account before these three types were determined most useful for conducting this specific treatment. The artificial aeration & circulation treatment and
contact tanks would be placed throughout the facility while the wetland would exist throughout the rest of the space. Each of these treatment methods would run independently and eventually drain directly back into the lake.
The Current Harbour will be 9.3 Miles inland in 100 years.
Due to climate change, Lake Erie water levels can drop as much as 6 feet in the next 100 years.
A 6 Foot drop will be extremely significant for the shallow Western Basin of Lake Erie
Lake Erie Profile
Toledo
~73 Square Miles of lake bed will be exposed in the Maumee Bay
Lake Erie Bathymetry
Gina Montecallo
2012
2052
2112
Land Use Of the area surrounding the western basin100 Years Ago Currently 100 Years From Now (proposed)
Agriculture
Developed
Un-Developed
Wetland FiltrationSystem
As the lake level recedes, a series of ridges will be created that integrates agriculture and wetlands.
Wetlands will be found in the low points where run off from surrounding agri-cultural fields will be directed.
The series of wetlands will filter the contami-nated water as it travels back into the lake.
Dredging: Cut/Fill Method
New FillOriginal Lake Bed
Dredged Area Lake Bed
Receding Water
--Dredge Material is used to form the ridges along the exposed lake bed.
--The silty nature of the dredged material makes an ideal substrate for holding water and acting as the base for wetlands.
--The material is dredged from the shipping channel + directly behind the previously formed ridge.
10,404,599,040 Ft 3Amount of Dredge Used In The Site
Social + Environmental Integration
--Wetland benefits include: Rich Species Habitat High Bio-diversity Carbon Sequestration Reducing Eutrophication Water Filtration Nutrient Rich Soils Flood Control Recreation
--Agriculture in the flood plain can occur without draining and habitat loss. Farming with waterlog tolerant crops promotes minimal impact and a successful yield. These crops include: Oat cultivar Barley cultivar Wheat cultivar Wild Rice Maize Triticale
--Farming on the high points of the ridges will avoid flooding crops as frequently.
--Minimizing use of pesticides and fertilizers can aid the wetlands in run off filtration
Environmental
Social
Old Lake LevelOld Lake Bed Dredge FillDredge Cut
PROJECT STATEMENTECO TOURISM AS NEW INDUSTRY
Toledo is The ciTy iT is Today because of iTs manufacTuring hisTory. ever since The ciTies fruiTion, iT has had This idenTiTy of a producTion ciTy. however, Toledos manufacTuring indusTry has seen a 40% decrease in recenT years, parTially due To The auTomobile indusTry issues. even Though There exisTs This decline, The processes of dredging are always consTanT creaTing This comparable dredge idenTiTy.
The 750,000 cu. yds. of dredged maTerial removed annually is by far The mosT in comparison wiTh oTher dredge ciTies in The greaT lakes region. This enormous amounT of maTerial removed is perceived as a wasTe producT and is disposed Through open waTer placemenT in lake erie, wiTh less Than 1% of This maTerial being recycled. here lies a conTradicTion wiThin Toledo; lake erie exisTs as a huge asseT for The ciTys economy. specifically, The ciTy receives 10.7 billion dollars from lake erie Tourism; 1 billion from The lake erie fishing indusTry alone.
economic experTs suggesT ThaT Toledo do whaT They do besT; diversify by looking inTo new susTainable indusTry and uTilize Their already exisTing innovaTive Techniques. Thus, work wiTh susTainable ideals and recycle dredge To halT polluTion of lake erie while reinvenTing The Tourism indusTry. The reuse of dredge for lake erie Tourism benefiT can raise awareness of The possible socio-economic benefiTs while decreasing The negaTive percepTions making dredge an asseT wiThin Toledo.
birding Tourism is a very profiTable and popular indusTry. specifically, norThwesT ohio is seen as one of The mosT popular birding desTinaTions in The naTion due To The inTersecTion of 2 major migraTory flyways. wiThin These flyways exisT prioriTy birds species wiTh specific sTopover habiTaT needs. This allows The possibiliTy of observing exisTing sTopover habiTaTs for These species along wiTh birding Tourism desTinaTions To implemenT an improved birding circuiT wiTh an iniTial inTervenTion happening aT The famous Toledo harbor lighThouse.
This proposal calls for The use of 3 differenT Types of dredge disposal Typologies creaTed around The lighThouse-- upland, near shore, and confined aquaTic. These differenT conTainmenT Types inTroduces a Terraced landscape ThaT would harbor differenT Types of environmenTs caTering To The prioriTy bird species.
dumping The dredge inTo These habiTaT zones would Take The process of TradiTional dredge dumping and make iT an orchesTraTed producTion for people To wiTness during allocaTed Time periods. The form of The siTe is based on The radius of a Tower crane. This Tower crane would remove The dredge from The barge, roTaTe, and place iT inTo The conTainers. These cranes would be funcTional for boTh dredge removal buT also, when noT in use, for addiTional bird habiTaT simulTaneously becoming a symbol for The new indusTry of Toledo--dredge producing Tourism. This synergy creaTed Through The juxTaposiTion of dredge, habiTaT, and Tourism can reesTablish Toledo as The producTion ciTy iT has always been.
MANUFACTURING JOBSTOLEDO LOST 40% SINCE 2000
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY SALE PRICES
MULTI-FAMILY PROPERTY SALE PRICES
MULTI-FAMILY PROPERTY SALE PRICES
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY SALE PRICES
MANUFACTURING JOBSTOLEDO LOST 40% SINCE 2000
TOLEDO
SWALLOW-TAILEDKITE
WILSONSPLOVER
WESTERNSANDPIPER
CERULEANWARBLER
SEASIDESPARROW
CLAPPER RAIL
HENSLOWSSPARROW
EASTERNMEADOWLARK
LITTLE BLUEHERON
MOTTLEDDUCK
SHORT-BILLEDDOWITCHER
UPLANDSANDPIPER
BOBOLINK
AMERICAN OYSTERCATHCER
UNDEVELOPD LAND INLAND
COASTAL AREAS EMERGENTWETLANDS
GRASSLAND + PASTURE
BALDEAGLE
ARTICTERN
BLACK SKIMMER
BROWNPELICAN
COMMONTERN
GOLDEN-WINGEDWARBLER
GRASSHOPPERSPARROW
PROTHONOTARYWARBLER
REDKNOT
REDDISHEGRET
ROSEATE SPOONBILL
ROSEATETERN
RUDDY TURNSTONE
WOODSTORK
Matthew Chiampi
DREDGE COMPARISON CDF PLACEMENTOPEN-WATER PLACEMENT
NEAR SHORE PLACEMENT
DREDGE THREATENING HARBOR ACCESS IN 5 YRS BUFFALO, NY
50K-95K 100K-250K 100K-250K 800K
CLEVELAND DETROIT
TOLEDO
.
NEGATIVE DREDGEPERCEPTION
TOWER CRANE PEDESTALS
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS
WATERFOWLHABITAT
SHOREBIRDHABITAT
LANDBIRDHABITAT
1
2
3
4
5
0 150 300 600
N
STOPOVER HABITAT CIRCUIT
TOLEDO HARBOR LIGHTHOUSE
LANDBIRD + RAPTOR STOPOVERS
SHOREBIRD STOPOVERS
WATERFOWL STOPOVERS
SITE INTERVENTION
CEDAR POINT WILDLIFE REFUGEE + MAUMEE BAY STATE PARK
STERLING STATE PARK
PONTE MOUILLESTATE PARK
CONNECT DIFFERENT STOPOVER HABITATS AND EXISTING TOURISM
OTTAWA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGEE
01
1 ALLOCATE TIME PERIODS FOR DREDGE REUSE AWARENESS CONSTRUCT CDF DIKE WALLS FOR DREDGE CONTAINMENT ALONG WITH CRANE PEDESTALS UTILIZE TOWER CRANE RADIUS FOR EASY DREDGE REMOVAL THE DESIGN ALLOWS FOR A MODULAR PROGRAMMATIC SPACE CATERING TO CRANE MOVEMENT.
WALLEYE SPAWNING
DREDGE AWARENESS
BIRD MIGRATIONDREDGING
2 3 4
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
EXISTING WATERFOWL STOPOVER SITESMIXED EMERGENT WETLANDS > 40 ACRES + > 2.5 ACRES OF OPEN WATER. OTHER WETLANDS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
WILD RICE CAN SERVE AS STARTING PLACE TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ON THE REGION AND CREATE A LANDSCAPE NO LONGER FOUND IN TOLEDO OR THE REST OF NORTH
WESTERN OHIO.
BY EMBRACING A NATIVE PLANT OF A DISAPPEARING ECOSYSTEM, TOLEDO CAN UTILIZED DREDGE MATERIAL AS A PRODUCTIVE RESOURCE FOR SOCIAL BENEFIT.
AVERY SELL
Avery Sell
NN0 650 1300 1950
COMMERCIAL DIKE WALL
VIEW POINT BREAK WATER
VISITOR DOCKVISITOR CENTER
WALKING TRAIL
WALKING TRAIL VIEW POINT
SOCIAL RICE FIELD
COMMERCIAL DOCKS
PROCESSING FACILITY
COMMERCIAL RICE FIELDS
N
0 4000 8000 12000N
Sheet Piling
Geo-textile Fabric
Dredge Material
Underlayer Stone
Rip Rap Stone
Prepared Limestone
Lake Erie
Structural SoilUnderlayer Stone
Rip Rap Stone
Prepared Limestone
Sheet Piling
Lake Erie
Geo-textile Fabric
WALKING TRAIL CONTAINMENT WALL
COMMERCIAL RICE FIELD CONTAINMENT WALL
SITE CONTEXT PLAN
0 10 20 30
DREDGE USE
SITE PHASING
PHASE FOURCOMMERCIAL FARMING ZONE
PHASE THREECOMMERCIAL FARMING ZONE
PHASE ONEPUBLIC AREA AND HARBOR
PHASE TWOCOMMERCIAL FARMING ZONE
14
9
9
10
12 - 14DREDGE
MATERIAL
1.5 - 2WATER LEVEL
41 MILLION CUBIC YARDS OF DREDGE
MATERIAL
THE DEPTH OF DREDGE MATERIAL USED IS A RESULT OF THE WATER DEPTH OF THE LAKE. PLACED WITHIN A DEPTH OF 12-16, THE ISLAND COULD HOLD 12-14 OF DREDGE MATERIAL.
THE SITE HAS BEEN BROKEN INTO FOUR PHASES TO ALLOW THE COLLECTION OF DREDGE NECESSARY FOR CONSTRUCTION. THE FIRST PHASE IS THE HARBOR AND THE PUBLIC RICE FIELD AREA. THIS PHASE IS IMPORTANT IN CREATING AWARENESS OF THIS SITE AND BEGINNING THE EDUCATION PROCESS. THE SUBSEQUENT PHASES ARE THE COMMERCIAL FARMING ZONES WHICH WILL THEN PROVIDE THE ECONOMIC CAPITAL FOR CREATING A SUSTAINABLE RICE HARVESTING EDUCATION PROGRAM.
GREAT BLACK SWAMP
ONLY
REMAINS5%
REAT BLACK SWAM
ZIZANIA PALUSTRIS
REMEDIATIONS
FILTERS POLLUTANTSAND NUTRIENTS
PRODUCTIVE
SOURCE OF FOOD FORHUMANS AND ANIMALS
NATIVE
PART OF GREATBLACK SWAMPECOSYSTEM
WHY WILD RICE?
Of the original 1500 square miles of the Great Black Swamp, only 5 percent remains. Within this fading ecosystem Zisania palustris, commonly known as wild rice, was found on the marshes of the Lake Erie shore. This species is not only native and used for remediate processes but is also an important food source for humans and wild life.
REGION
FISHING
ICE FISHING
SWIMMING
KAYAKING
CANOING
BIRDWATCHING
SIGHTSEEING
WINTER SEED BED SPRING SEEDLINGS SUMMER SHOOTS HARVEST AUTUMN DIE BACK
ECO SITE
SOCIAL SITE
SITE LOCATION
TIME LINE OF ACTIVITY
THE ISLANDS SHOULD BE SITUATED TO CREATE A CONNECTION BETWEEN ALREADY VISITED ECOLOGICAL SITES SUCH AS THE CEDAR POINT NATIONAL WILDLIFE PRESERVE AND WEST SISTER ISLAND NATURE RESERVE. IT SHOULD ALSO BE LOCATED NEAR SOCIAL SITES LIKE PUBLIC MARINAS AND CAMPGROUNDS.
RECREATION WITHINCONSTRUCTED ISLANDS
EDUCATION THROUGHEXPERIENCE
UNDERSTANDINGOF REGION
LIFE CYCLE AND CULTUREOF WILD RICE
INTERACTIONWITH NATIVELANDSCAPES
MORE THAN RICE
RECREATION
SOCIAL
HABITAT
EDUCATION
PRODUCTION
ECONOMY
HARVEST
HARVESTING VIA CANOE
HARVESTING VIA AIR-BOAT AND THRESHER
THE WAY IN WHICH WILD RICE IS HARVESTED REVEALS A SOCIAL OR ECONOMIC FUNCTION.
BOTH OF THESE REVEALED FUNCTIONS CAN BE PART OF THE SAME SYSTEM. THE SOCIAL FUNCTION BECOMES A SOURCE OF EDUCATION WHILE THE ECONOMIC FUNCTION FUNDS THE SOCIAL.
EDUCATION CAN BE CREATED THROUGH THE PROCESSES OF HARVEST. RECREATION AND INTERACTION CREATES AN UNDERSTANDING OF AN IMPORTANT PLANT SPECIES AND OF THE REGION.
VISITOR CENTER
PUBLIC RICE FIELD
VISITORS ARRIVE AT AN EDUCATION CENTER SITUATED AT THE HARBOR AND THE BEGINNING OF THE CONTAINMENT WALL WALKING TRAIL. FROM THE TRAIL VISITORS ARE ABLE TO VIEW NOT ONLY THE RICE FIELDS BUT DIFFERENT VIEW POINTS OF LAKE ERIE. FROM THE WATER VISITORS CANINTERACT WITH THE RICE AND TAKE PART IN THE SOCIAL ACT OF HARVEST.
Matthew Moffitt Dredge CatalysisCatalysis, a process of accelerating a chemical change, may be applied to a regional scale as a design interven-tion strategy. Lake Eries health has significantly decreased over the past century; it has lost 50% of its coastal wetlands. Sediment dredged from shipping channels has unlimited potential as a catalyst for the revitalization of the health of Lake Erie. Dredge Catalysis introduces a system that re-structures the extraction of dredge material as a machine in constant flux. Dredge is removed from the shipping channel and brought to the Edison Park site where it is de-watered and remediated. Dredge is then extracted from Edison Park, in various pulses throughout the year, and used for the construction of wetlands at the Harborlands site, adjacent to the Toledo Harbor Light-house. At both sites, a dialectic social agenda is apparent. The ephemeral form and malleability of dredge be-come a theatre for the site user.
The form and function of the Harborlands site is a reflection of two variables. First, the constant input of remedi-ated dredge material from Edison Park defines site access points such as dredge dumping nodes. Second, local-ized regional avian migration routes between existing stopover sites define wetland typologies and orientation.
The Harborlands site is constantly growing and evolving as remediated dredge is brought to the site during 10 months out of the year. Dredge is brought to the Harborlands site, located 5 miles off-shore from the port of To-ledo, in three different classes. Each class of dredge performs a unique function in the construction of wetlands, based upon the extent to which it has been remediated of harmful organic pollutants. The highest quality dredge is used to cap emergent wetlands, providing the highest suitability nesting and breeding sites for shorebirds and waterfowl.
Two variables, dredge and avian migration, define site form and program. A stage for the increase of social under-standing of the importance of wetland restoration has been set. Visitors to the Harborlands site will watch the re-introduction of endangered and distant migratory birds to the western basin of Lake Erie as it unfolds. Site users of all varieties to the Harborlands site will be inspired to return to their communities and pursue further ecological conservation projects. A dialect between city and lake, society and ecology, has been set, catalyzed by a unique flux of dredge material.
DDeecc
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rr
MMaarrcchh
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MMaayy
JJaannuu
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FFeebbrruuaa
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JuneJu
e
July
October
Novem
ber
Novem
ber
Dec
embe
r
March
April
May
Janu
ary
Februa
ry
June
July
August
September
October
Novem
ber
DDeecc
eemmbbee
rr
MMaarrcchh
AAppriill
MMaayy
JJaannuu
aarryy
FFeebbrruuaa
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JuneJu
e
July
August
September
October
Novem
ber
Novem
ber
1 + CLASS C [HYDRAULIC]
CLASS C
CLASS B
CLASS A
JULY 1 - OCTOBER 15 [DAILY]
2 + CLASS B [dewatered]
MARCH 1 - DECEMBER 31 [@ 1 MONTH]
3 + CLASS A [phytoremediated]
MAY + JUNE [@ 1ST MONDAY]
Dredge Input Cycles [Edison Park _Harborlands]
Dec
embe
r
March
April
May
Janu
ary
Februa
ry
June
July
August
September
October
Novem
ber
s1A2s2 s3 s4 C1 C2 C3
Arenaria Interpres [Ruddy Turnstone] s1 Tryngites Subruficollis [Buff-breasted Sandpiper] s2
Chlidonais Niger [Black Tern] s3Botarus Lentiginosus [American Bittern] s4
Highest Frequency of Rainfall Events [6 mo.] C1Highest Recorded Winds Speeds [Knots] on Lake Erie [6 mo.] C2
Highest Frequency of Lake Effect Storms [6 mo.] C3
Regional Flyway Analysisoverlay annual shorebird migration upon Lake Erie annual climate trends,
extract times most suitable for on-site events
Dec
embe
r
March
April
May
Janu
ary
Februa
ry
June
July
August
September
October
Novem
ber
w1A1 w2 w3 w4 C1 C2 C3
Branta Bernicla [Brant] w1 Aytha Valisineria [Canvasback] w2
Melanitta Perspicillata [Surf Scooter] w3 Podilymbus podiceps [Pied-Billed Grebe] w4
Highest Frequency of Rainfall Events [6 mo.] C1Highest Recorded Winds Speeds [Knots] on Lake Erie [6 mo.] C2
Highest Frequency of Lake Effect Storms [6 mo.] C3
Regional Flyway Analysisoverlay annual waterfowl migration upon Lake Erie annual climate trends,
extract times most suitable for on-site events
Toledo Harbor Lighthouse Festival
Eco-Gadget Symposium
July
August
September
October
1 + CLASS C [HYDRAULIC]
CLASS C
JULY 1 - OCTOBER 15 [DAILY]
i
Dec
embe
r
March
April
May
Janu
ary
June
July
August
September
October
Novem
ber
CLASS B
2 + CLASS B [dewatered]
MARCH 1 - DECEMBER 31 [@ 1 MONTH]
i
3 + CLASS C [phytoremediated]MAY + JUNE [@ 1ST MONDAY]
DDeecc
eemmbbee
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MMaarrcchh
AApprrill
MMaayy
JJaannuu
aarryy
FFeebbrruuaa
rryy
JuneJ
July
August
September
October
Novem
ber
Novem
ber
CLASS C
i
120
400
180
i. isolated wetlandsii. mixed emergent wetlands
iii. submerged/ephemeral wetlandsiv. transition wetlands [capped to pedestrian spaces]
WETLAND TYPOLOGIESi
SOCIAL PERCEPTION [OF ECOLOGICAL CHANGE]
MICRO-ORGANISM LIFECYCLES
PRESENCE OF INVASIVE SPECIES [NO.]
PRESENCE OF ENDANGERED AQUATIC SPECIES [NO.]
PRESENCE OF ENDANGERED AVIAN SPECIES [NO.]
ALGAE/HYPOXIA [LAKE ERIE WESTERN BASIN]
OVERALL AVIAN MIGRATION
FISH SPAWNING CYCLES
FLUCTUATION IN LAKE ERIE WATER LEVELS
OVERALL CLIMATE CHANGE
STORM EVENTS [50+ YR]
STORM EVENTS [10 YR]
STORM EVENTS [1 YR]
HIGH FREQUENCY LAKE WIND CURRENTS
TOLEDO SHIPPING CANAL DREDGING
OPEN LAKE DREDGE DUMPING
CDF DREDGE PLACEMENT
TOXIN LEVELS [NO. OF PCBS+ PAHS]
LAKE FREEZE
USCG WEAPONS FIRING
TOLEDO WATERFRONT FESTIVALS [>1000 PPL]
1 YR
1 YR
10 Y
R
100
YR
PRE
SE
NT
PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE
TEMPORARILY HALTED
ESTI
MAT
ED 2
030
EAR
LY S
PRIN
G
LATE
SU
MM
ER
WIN
TER
TO
EAR
LY
SPR
ING
WIN
TER
TO
EAR
LY
SPR
ING
LATE
SU
MM
ER
EAR
LY S
PRIN
G
ESTI
MAT
ED 2
030
!
!
HIGH FREQUENCY LAKE WIND CURRENTS
STORM EVENTS [1 YR]
LAKE FREEZE
TOXIN LEVELS [NO. OF PCBS+ PAHS]
CDF DREDGE PLACEMENT
OPEN LAKE DREDGEDUMPING
TOLEDO SHIPPINGCANAL DREDGING
TOLEDO WATERFRONTFESTIVALS [>1000 PPL]
OVERALL AVIAN MIGRATION
PRESENCE OF ENDANGEREDAVIAN SPECIES [NO.]
SOCIAL PERCEPTION [OFECOLOGICAL CHANGE]
Restore Coastal PriorityWetlands for Migrating Birds
Expand Upon ExistingAvian Flyways
Re-Route for BeneficialRe-use
Remediate + Recycle
Mitigate + Enhance
Implement Change Threshold for Social Acceptance = Incolvementin Ecological Change
Determine Site Infrastructure
Determine Site Infrastructure
Lake Erie Systems Analysis Matrix: Targeted Trendsidentify pressure points for design intervention
image: sean burkholder
Department of Landscape ArchitectureCollege of Arts and Architecture
