2014 Annual Report - University of Queensland · CAI ANNUAL REPORT 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS...

Centre for Advanced Imaging2014 Annual Report

Cover image (clockwise from top): Whole brain reconstruction of human brain at 7T automatically segmented into cerebral spinal fluid (red), gray matter (green) and white matter (blue)- Ahmad Alghamdi; CT image of echidna- Dr Karine Mardon; MRI of LEGO™: magnetic resonance imaging of plastics such as LEGO™ and other solid materials such as bone and teeth is now possible, opening new opportunities for advanced imaging research across disciplines such as materials engineering, science and medicine- Dr Yasvir Tesiram. Background: 2D profile of common metabolites in the brain.

CAI ANNUAL REPORT 2014 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OVERVIEW 2

CAI DIRECTOR’S REPORT 3

RESEARCH THEME- BETTER DIAGNOSIS, UNDERSTANDING AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE 5Neuroimaging- Prof David Reutens 6Biomedical Imaging & Spectroscopy- Prof Graham Galloway 7MRI studies of Aphasia- Assoc Prof Katie McMahon 8Research Highlight- Dr Yasvir Tesiram 9Joint Research Appointment- Dr Marta Garrido 10

RESEARCH THEME- MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 11NMR studies of the structure and function of bioactive peptides- Dr Mehdi Mobli 12Radiochemistry laboratory- Assoc Prof Rajiv Bhalla 13Research Highlight- Dr Eivend Undheim 14

RESEARCH THEME- QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 15EPR Laboratory- Prof Graeme Hanson 16EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging- Dr Jeff Harmer 17

RESEARCH THEME- NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC MATERIAL CHARACTERISATION 18Polymer Research Group- Prof Andrew Whittaker 19Polymer and Nanoparticle-based devices for Nanomedicine- Dr Kris Thurecht 20Research Highlight- Dr Adrian Fuchs 21Joint Research Appointment- Assoc Prof Idriss Blakey 22

RESEARCH THEME- IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES 23Imaging & Spectroscopic Biomarker Development- Prof Ian Brereton 24MRI method development and (ultra) high field MRI- Assoc Prof Markus Barth 25Research Highlight- Dr Viktor Vegh 26

Research Higher Degree Conferrals 27

CAI EVENTS 28

EDUCATION 30

EXTERNAL ENGAGEMENT & STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS 33International Visitors to CAI 33National Imaging Facility 34Queensland NMR Network 36

CAI OPERATIONS 37

AWARDS 39

2014 RESEARCH GRANTS 40

PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS 42

PUBLICATIONS 46

STAFF 52

RESEARCH HIGHER DEGREE STUDENTS 53

2 CAI ANNUAL REPORT 2014

Our vision is to be a WORLD LEADER in the Development and Application of cutting edge Imaging Science and Technology through INNOVATION, TRANSLATION, EDUCATION and COLLABORATION.

The Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) is a strategic initiative of The University of Queensland, reflecting the growth in biotechnology and biomedical research requiring spectroscopic and imaging research capabilities. UQ is the lead organisation of the National Imaging Facility and a founding partner of the Queensland NMR Network.

Our researchers work on innovations in spectroscopic and imaging technology, imaging biomarker development and in biomedical research disciplines, frequently in collaboration with clinical research sites and other local, national, and international research institutes in a range of programs including:

• Magnetic Resonance and Technologies and Agents for Imaging• Natural and Synthetic Material Characterisation • Molecular Characterisation of Biological Systems• Quantitative Assessment of Biology and Biological Processes • Better Diagnosis, Understanding, and Treatment of Disease

Our state-of-the-art capabilities include:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)• Computed Tomography (CT)• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)• Cyclotron and Radiochemistry• Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)

OVERVIEW

3D rendered high resolution MRI image of post-mortem human cervical spinal cord


CAI DIRECTOR’S REPORT

This year saw the official opening of the Centre for Advanced Imaging by the Queensland Minister for Science, Ian Walker on 21st August 2014 in the presence of the Queensland Chief Scientist, Dr Geoff Garrett, and research and commercial collaborators from around the country. This was a significant landmark in CAI’s history, the culmination of 5 year’s of fundraising, designing and construction of a landmark Australian research facility with several significant imaging research instruments. One of these, CAI’s flagship 7 Tesla whole body MRI scanner was commissioned earlier in the year and its remarkable high-resolution imaging capabilities are already being harnessed for cutting edge research.

To celebrate CAI’s opening with imaging researchers from around Australia and internationally, we hosted a week-long inaugural scientific symposium. The week began with a meeting on Advanced Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis, where I joined Professor Bill Carroll, Chairman of MS Research Australia, in welcoming MS researchers from around Australia and Prof Paola Piccini from Imperial College, London. Later in the week, CAI hosted the inaugural meeting of a new learned body, the Australian Society for Molecular Imaging, with distinguished international visitors, Profs Zang Hee Cho and Kishore Bhakoo and a parallel symposium on Biomagnetic Resonance in Molecular Structure. Ending the week, the CAI Ultra High Field MRI Symposium heard from international guests Profs Thoralf Niendorf, from the Berlin Ultra High Field Facility, and Siegfried Trattnig from the University of Vienna.

CAI also hosted a study tour by a panel of US experts sponsored by the US National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the Office of Naval Research. Noting that the CAI is likely the largest imaging research center in Australia and Asia, these experts highlighted it as a large bet on the future of imaging by the University, the State and Commonwealth Governments.

Our imaging capabilities continue to allow us to attract the world’s best and brightest minds. In 2014,

CAI researcher Associate Professor Markus Barth was awarded a Future Fellowship bringing the Centre’s total number of Future Fellows to 5. The Australian Research Council (ARC) established the Future Fellowship scheme to attract to Australia and retain the best and brightest mid-career researchers.

The CAI continues to bring together the skills of a critical mass of researchers to tackle problems of global significance:

In August, the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology was opened with Chief Investigators including two CAI researchers, Professor Andrew Whittaker and Dr Kris Thurecht. The Centre of Excellence draws together expertise in nanomaterial design and synthesis, cell biology, imaging and engineering.

Three CAI scientists, Drs Quang Tieng, Simone Bosshard and Min Chen, led an international team to victory over more than 500 other teams in the Seizure Prediction Challenge sponsored by the American Epilepsy Society, the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Epilepsy Foundation.

CAI’s expertise and capabilities in imaging were recognised by the Australian Cancer Research Foundation who provided $2.5M in funding to establish the ACRF Facility for Molecular Imaging Agents in Cancer which will harness the power of molecular imaging to detect, characterise and monitor cancer.

Finally, exemplifying our international outreach and commitment to excellence in education, CAI developed and ran a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Biomedical Imaging, attracting over 12000 registrants from around the world.


CAI researchers work on innovations that fall under five strategic research themes, Better Diagnosis, Treatment and Understanding of Disease; Molecular Characterisation of Biological Systems; Natural and Synthetic Material Characterisation; Quantitative Assessment of Biology and Biological Processes and Imaging and Spectroscopic Technologies.

RESEARCH


RESEARCH THEME 1

Better Diagnosis, Understanding and Treatment of Disease

The Centre for Advanced Imaging covers various programs focussed on improving our understanding of diseases and their treatment.

This includes the development of novel and improved imaging methods and agents for identification of unique anatomical, functional, and chemical fingerprints which can lead to improved diagnosis and prognosis of disease; the development of bioactive molecules or advanced therapeutics for the investigation of new treatments; and the study of animal models of disease and subsequent translation of these models to man.

Automatic clustering and population analysis of white matter tracts using maximum density paths (Prasad et al NeuroImage 2014; cover)


Prof Reutens is the inaugural director of the Centre for Advanced Imaging and the Foundation Professor of Experimental Neurology. His research focuses on neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, stroke and dementia, and the development of imaging methods to better understand, diagnose and manage them.

Work in the Epilepsy Research Laboratory includes the study of epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic therapies and the study of antiepileptic diets in animal models such as zebrafish and mice. We have used quantitative MRI to study the association between structural changes associated with prolonged seizures (status epilepticus) and their association with the subsequent development of epilepsy in an animal model. Early MRI changes were observed in the hippocampus, a region strongly linked to epilepsy. These changes were also linked to activation of inflammatory mechanisms, which are now being studied as new treatment targets. The findings may be used to help predict the likely course of developing epilepsy and thereby contribute to the development of diagnostic and disease-modifying strategies.

Studies in patients with epilepsy aim to unravel the mechanisms that lead to epileptic discharges, memory disturbance and changes in autonomic function in temporal lobe epilepsy. Simultaneous electrical and MRI recordings of brain function

(EEG-fMRI) are used to examine the brief electrical discharges occurring between seizures (interictal spikes) and their effect on neural activity. This method has been used to identify a brain state that predisposes to spike generation. Members of the Reutens group, Quang Tieng, Simone Bosshard and Min Chen, won the 2014 International Seizure Prediction Challenge, ahead of a field of 504 contestants, in a competition run by the American Epilepsy Society, the NIH and NINDS.

Several members of the group are developing new imaging methods, including the development of ultra-low field MRI and new imaging methods that are sensitive to neuronal currents, for studying water diffusion and its relationship to the structure of white matter tracts, for measuring magnetic susceptibility and for decoding brain activity. Studies in cancer include the development of new molecular imaging agents and radiolabelling strategies for brain cancer and image reconstruction and analysis methods in MRI-PET. We have also established collaborations in the area of Comparative Oncology: the study of spontaneous cancers in companion animals. Studies in ageing and dementia include the development of new methods for characterising neurovascular coupling in vascular dementia, studies of changes in connectivity and brain function and the development of new molecular imaging agents for diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders.

Neuroimaging

Left: MRI changes in animals with versus without status epilepticus (red corresponds to the largest change); above: Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals functional networks linked to electrical discharges between seizures (interictal spikes).

Prof David ReutensDirector


Prof Galloway has built an impressive professional profile in both academia and industry. His research interests include the use of in vivo Magnetic Resonance to test the efficacy of pharmaceutical agents, novel applications for the use of Magnetic Resonance in physiological studies and material sciences, and in pushing the boundaries of Magnetic Resonance technology into new applications.

Prof Galloway has a particular passion for the advancement of collaborative research infrastructure. A responsibility of his role as the Director of Operations for the NIF involves working alongside Euro-BioImaging in projects to grow the translation of biomedical science to clinical medicine. This involves collaboration with Therapeutic Innovation Australia, the European Advanced Translational Research Infrastructure and the European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network in order to learn about quality systems, documentation, the importance of time-frames, and much more that is critical to engagement with industry.

In 2014 group members research interests include:

• Development of a framework and new techniques to establish a direct relationship between in vivo and ex vivo imaging data.• Simultaneous multimodal imaging by PET-MR.• Development of magnetic resonance techniques for non-invasive determination of liver steatosis and fibrosis.• Prostate imaging for detection of cancer (collaboration between Dr Roger Bourne (University of Sydney), Drs Nyoman Kurniawan and Gary Cowin (CAI) and the National Imaging Facility)• Australian Mouse Brain Mapping Consortium.• Understanding the neurobiology of language, learning and memory.

Biomedical Imaging & Spectroscopy

Prof Graham GallowayNIF Director & Head of Education

Above: the Australian Mouse Brain Mapping Consortium is developing methods for segmenting brain structures; right: comparison of clinical prostate MRI (a) and ultrahigh field MRI images of prostate cancer (b) and normal prostate (c) tissue.


Assoc Prof McMahon’s research interests lie in understanding the neurobiology of language, learning and memory, and the genetic and environmental influences on brain structure and function.

Neurophysiological markers of language recovery in subacute stroke

Aphasia is a disturbance of language that occurs following stroke. Most patients, including those with severe aphasia, recover language function to some degree, but there is significant variability in the speed, nature, and extent of language recovery that occurs in the months following a stroke. This is a crucial period for therapy intervention, but little is known about the best treatement to ensure the best outcome for individual patients.

Collaborative research between the school of health and rehabilitation sciences, UQ’s Centre for Clinical Research and the Centre for Advanced Imaging addresses the need of predicting individual recovery to guide rehabilitation, by looking at language related brain activity changes between the acute (~2 weeks) and chronic (~6 months) stages. Eighteen patients have been recruited and completed a task in an MR scanner where they heard real and nonsense words and had to choose between them. Some words were highly visual (e.g. “carrot”) and some were not (e.g. “justice”).

Preliminary findings show that from acute to chronic there is a change in the areas activated by language, with specific areas of activity in the acute group indicating greater improvement at the chronic stage.

This type of research has the potential to transform current practices in aphasia rehabilitation and will enable clinicians to predict an individual’s potential for overall and therapy-induced recovery.

MRI studies of Aphasia

Assoc Prof Katie McMahon

Above: From preliminary analysis- Region within the left inferior frontal gryus where acute activity strongly correlated with naming improvement at 6 months.


Many malignant cancers share common traits known as the “hallmarks of cancer”. These hallmarks include promotion of their own growth, resistance to normal mechanisms promoting cell death, resistance to signals which may normally prevent growth of cells, an ability to grow their own vascular system (angiogenesis), a limitless ability to grow, and an ability to metastasise (i.e invade tissue). The problem with this classification is that it is only descriptive and there is a lack of methods to quantify these traits.

There is however an immense body of knowledge pointing to numerous complex processes ultimately contributing to one of the hallmarks mentioned above. These complex processes can be collected into a common network and one of these is the metabolic network, which in the case of cancer is concerned with the role of changes in energy metabolism.

Our interest in this stems from a key finding in liver cancer where different types of fatty acids appear at key time points and seem to be correlated with key events in the development of tumours. Similar findings have been reported in pancreatic, breast, and brain cancers.

In 2014 we established a cohort of animals which will develop liver tumours over 52 weeks with the specific goal of finding an imaging biomarker of the switch from normal to malignant cellular function. Currently at the 16 week time point, changes are apparent in the liver of rats fed a choline and methionine deficient diet, see below. The yellow pixels represent those with fat content greater than 30%, red is between 10 -29% while less than 10% is shown in black. Normal livers tend to have fat content less than 10%.

Research Highlight

Imaging Biomarkers for CarcinogenesisDr Yasvir Tesiram

Above: Liver fat content in rats, 4, 8 and 16 weeks after starting a choline and methionine deficient diet. Even at 4 weeks, parts of the liver have lipid content greater than 30% (yellow pixels). At 8 weeks, increased lipid content can be found throughout the liver. 16 weeks after commencing the diet, there is a decrease in area of large lipid deposits to less than 30% of liver volume.


In 2014, Dr Marta Garrido moved with her team to CAI, as a joint appointment with the Queensland Brain Institute. Funded by an ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Dr Garrido’s research team strives to understand the brain mechanisms of learning and predictive processes. They are also committed to understanding what happens in the brain when these processes go awry such as in schizophrenia, coma, spatial neglect after brain injury, and ageing. To address these questions her team uses a number of neuroimaging methods (EEG, MEG, fMRI) and computational modelling.

Here, two key discoveries in 2014 are highlighted. The first, published in The Journal of Neuroscience and featured in Australian Life Scientist as some of the best Australian research published in 2014, resulted from a collaboration with the University of Aarhus in Denmark. We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) activity while human volunteers listened to sounds that could appear unpredictably from the left or the right and found that the left hemisphere represents the right side, whereas the right

hemisphere represents both sides of sensory space. Using state-of-the-art computational modelling and statistical methods we identified the brain network that underlies this spatial bias. Within this asymmetrical network we found selective connectivity increases in the brain hemisphere opposite to the side of sensory stimulation.

The second finding was published in NeuroImage and resulted from a collaboration with University College London in the UK. We recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity while human volunteer saw pictures of faces with different emotions. Using computational modelling we found that a functional subcortical route to the amygdala, a brain region that processes salient information, bypasses a longer cortical route enabling rapid visual information processing.

Joint Research Appointment

Dr Marta GarridoDECRA Research Fellow

Left: Brain connectivity modelling reveals functional asymmetries in a fronto-parietal network. A) The left side of space is encoded on the right hemisphere, but the right side of space is encoded by both the left and right hemispheres. B) Underlying brain network shows a right-hemisphere dominance in the representation of space. Above: The surprised brain. Outlier responses reflect sensitivity to statistical structure in the human brain.

surprise

A

B


RESEARCH THEME 2

Molecular Characterisation of Biological SystemsThe Centre for Advanced Imaging covers various programs focussed on improving our understanding of diseases and their treatment.

This includes the development of novel and improved imaging methods and agents for identification of unique anatomical, functional, and chemical fingerprints which can lead to improved diagnosis and prognosis of disease; the development of bioactive molecules or advanced therapeutics for the investigation of new treatments; and the study of animal models of disease and subsequent translation of these models to man.

Simultaneous PET (left) and 3D-MRI following injection of 18F-FDG and Gadolinium contrast agent (Gadovist) from a single syringe.


Our work in characterising the structure of peptides and proteins has seen significant developments, with publication of 13 high impact papers in 2014. In solving the first solution structure of oxytocin, the love drug, we showed that this peptide has evolved to be preconfigured in its active state even in the absence of its receptors. This was a controversial finding as previously it was thought that the peptide was too unstructured to be structurally characterised. However, with advanced NMR techniques and the superior sensitivity of our 900 MHz NMR spectrometer, we were able to accurately define the structure of this molecule. The work was published in Nature Communications in the beginning of the year.

Thought the year we have made significant advances in the projects led by my group including characterisation of venom peptides, with reports of promising new insight into the function of toxins appearing in Nature Communications and FEBS Journal. There is ongoing and rapid progress in this field, and we have recently made breakthroughs in understanding the atomic details of the interaction of venom peptides with ion channels. This work is part of our projects aimed at developing safer analgesics and chronic pain diagnostics, an area where we were also successful in attracting an NHMRC project grant.

Finally we have made significance progress on our project on defining the molecular details of bacterial transcription in our long term plan of utilising this essential process in our efforts to develop a new class of sorely needed antibiotics (Nucleic Acid Research, in press).

2014 also saw a successful fellowship application by Dr Xinying Jia who will join the lab in 2015 to work primarily on our bacterial transcription project.

We look forward to the new arrivals in the lab and an exciting 2015!

Above: The proposed conformational change identified as an important step in transcription pausing in bacteria by the essential transcription factor NusA.

Dr Mehdi MobliARC Future Fellow

NMR studies of the structure and function of bioactive peptides


Molecular imaging agents play an increasingly important role in modern healthcare - Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are remarkably sensitive non-invasive imaging techniques which provide valuable information at the cellular level. These imaging agents (also known as radiopharmaceuticals) contain a radioisotope incorporated into drug molecules and are widely used to diagnose neurology, oncology and cardiovascular diseases.

A/Prof Bhalla’s research focuses on the development of new labelling strategies (and chemistry) for a wide range of radioisotopes (including fluorine-18, carbon-11, gallium-68 and copper-64) which will support the synthesis of novel PET and SPECT diagnostic agents.

During 2014, his research group has developed new macrocyclic ligands which form stable complexes with copper at room temperature. Successful chelates will be linked to antibodies and antibody fragments (scFv) ) and labelled with copper-64 for use as potential imaging agents.

The development of convenient and simple methods that can be utilised for the incorporation of fluorine-18 in macromolecules remains a challenge often requiring multi-step radiolabelling processes. In collaboration with the University of Southampton (UK) and GE Healthcare we have developed new high affinity binders which have application to improved methods for labelling peptides. This work was published in the journals Chemical Communications and Chemical Science.

Radiochemistry laboratory

Right: X-ray structure of the gallium trifluoride complex of 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triaza-cyclononane. Studies have shown that this moiety has the potential to lead to improved methods for radiolabelling peptides.

Assoc Prof Rajiv BhallaRadiochemistry


Peptide toxins found in animal venoms have recently attracted considerable attention due to their value as pharmacological tools and their potential for development as pharmaceuticals or bioinsecticides. Although a single venom typically contains hundreds of distinct peptides, these peptides can generally be classified into distinct structural families that share a common three-dimensional (3-D) fold.

Each of these toxin families typically evolves via recruitment of a body protein into the venom followed by extensive mutation, duplication and diversification. However, this extensive mutation of residues means that the sequences of these toxins are left with little or no information for the identification of ancestral or convergently recruited proteins. Consequently, the evolutionary history of many venom peptides — and hence the processes that have shaped them into often highly stable, potent and selective bioactive compounds — remains a mystery. Fortunately, the overall structural folds of toxins usually remain highly conserved despite having hyper-mutated sequences.

By solving the 3-D structures of a centipede and a spider toxin we were able to demonstrate that these were in fact independently recruited from the same family of ubiquitous arthropod hormones. These peptides form an entirely new toxin structural family, coined “HAND toxins”, that are comprised exclusively of α-helices cross-braced by three inter-helix disulfide bonds, which is a highly unusual fold for the normally beta-sheet dominated disulfide-stabilised arthropod venom peptides.

Further structural and phylogenetic analyses also showed that HAND-toxins in spiders and centipedes have independently undergone remarkably convergent structural modifications from the ancestral hormone fold, likely to be structural adaptations to increase solubility and stability.

Our results highlight the value of structural information in providing insight into the processes that take place during protein evolution, which may aid in the bioengineering of a new generation of highly stable peptides for use as bio-insecticides or therapeutics in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Research Highlight

A Deadly New Fold Dr Eivend Undheim

Alignment and structural comparison of HAND-toxins with the ancestral hormone. (A) Alignment of the sequences of the centipede (Ssm6a) and spider (Ta1a) toxins with a molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) belonging to the ancestral arthropod hormone family. Cysteine residues are highlighted in red, and a schematic of the characteristic secondary structure of the hormone family is shown above the alignment. (B-D) 3D structures of (B) the centipede toxin, (C) the spider toxin, and (D) the molt-inhibiting hormone. The helices are labelled and coloured according to the alignment (A) and disulfide bonds shown as orange tubes.


RESEARCH THEME 3

Quantitative Assessment of Biology and Biological ProcessesThis research aims to enhance the understanding of normative plant and animal anatomy, development, metabolism and mechanisms. This will involve pushing what can currently only be done ex vivo into the realm of in vivo imaging.

Emphasis is placed upon combining imaging, spectroscopic, free radical, radiotracer and metabolomics assessment of normative cohorts and the development of new techniques for acquisition and analysis.

EPR imaging of free radicals in a coffee bean.


2014 was an exciting year for the EPR laboratory. The completion of the EPR laboratory in the new CAI building was accompanied by the upgrade of our instruments with a cryogen-free insert which has removed the need for liquid helium. The resulting significant reduction in running costs has been passed on as a reduction in user access fees and will lead to an increase in the groups and projects using the instruments.

Research highlights included our work with the group of our long-standing collaborator, Peter Comba at the University of Heidelberg on the structure of cyclic peptides from sea squirts (ascidians), such as patellamide and westiellamide. These peptides have attracted scientific interest for more than two decades as they are based on unusual amino acids and have unusual structures and properties. In work published in the journal Inorganic Chemistry, we used high-resolution pulsed EPR combined with other techniques to further characterise the geometric and electronic structure of the mono- and dinuclear CuII complexes of structural analogues of westiellamide.

Our work points to CuII ion transport,homeostasis, and catalysis as possible biological functions for westiellamide.

This year, I had the pleasure of convening the 7th Asian Biological Inorganic Chemistry conference (ASBIC7) with Prof Sue Berners-Price (Griffith Uni). The AsBIC conferences address important issues at the forefront of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, with a special emphasis on the developments coming out of the Asian Pacific region. The event was held on the Gold Coast at the end of November, the first time the event has been held in Australia. The event was a big success with quality plenary lectures from international speakers and lively discussions.

EPR Laboratory

Prof Graeme HansonProfessorial Research Fellow

Left: Surface plot of the HYSCORE spectrum of H3L1, a synthetic analogue of the cyclic marine peptide westiellamide (top) and a contour plot (bottom). Right: Sea squirts (ascidians) are a rich source of cyclic peptides with unusual structures and functions, such as westiellamide. The mono- and dinuclear CuII complexes of westiellamide, may be involved in the ascidians’ metabolism.


Dr Harmer’s research focuses on high-resolution pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to determine molecular structure, dynamics and function of molecules containing unpaired electrons (paramagnetic materials). These molecules include the active sites of metalloenzymes, metal complexes, radicals, and diamagnetic proteins that have been spin labelled with small paramagnetic probes.

EPR reveals the electronic structure of the Diaryldichalcogenide Radical CationsThe group 16 radical cations [(RE)2]•+ (E = S, Se, Te) are generally unstable which has prevented their isolation and characterisation. Dr Harmer and colleagues were able to prepare such stable radicals and fully characterise them by X-ray diffraction, EPR spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations (below left).

The successful isolation of these title compounds provide a suitable entry point for an in-depth exploration of these and related species including the characterisation of bond formation and cleavage processes. Many applications have been reported or envisaged for such stable radicals, for example as reactive species or intermediates in various chemical

reaction schemes.

Method Development for Material CharacterisationHyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy is a 2D pulse EPR method employed to measure small magnetic interactions in paramagnetic material, but is often limited by long acquisition times. Recent work published in the journal Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics presents the first report of the technique of Non-uniform sampling combined with maximum entropy reconstruction to EPR spectroscopy, and specifically to HYSCORE, and shows that experimental times can be shortened by an order of magnitude as compared to conventional linear sampling with negligible loss of information.

Structural Biology ReviewEPR techniques based on inter-spin distance measurements are increasingly proving invaluable in the determination of structure and dynamics of biological systems. The state-of-the-art of these techniques are reviewed in a Structure and Bonding volume that Dr Harmer coedited (below right) with a particular focus on using pulse techniques with spin labels and intrinsic paramagnetic centres.

Above left: Molecular structures of the radical cation [(RE)2]•+ (E = S); Above right: EPR spectra reveal the electronic structure of the three radicals.

EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging

Dr Jeff HarmerARC Future Fellow


RESEARCH THEME 4

Natural And Synthetic Material CharacterisationResearch in this area aims to improve mining, agriculture, processing of raw materials, selection of natural products and new synthetic compounds for food sources, industrial, electronic, engineering, environmental, agriculture and medical applications.

This incorporates structure elucidation of organic and inorganic molecules including natural products, synthetic products, materials, polymers, inorganic mixtures and catalysts.

Boase et al. Polymer Chemistry 2014; cover


Professor Whittaker is the leader of the Polymer Chemistry group within AIBN, and the Centre for Advanced Imaging at the University of Queensland.

The Whittaker Group has expertise in polymerisation chemistry, on properties such as physical chemistry and durability of polymers, on the interaction of biological systems with polymers, and extensive experience in magnetic resonance and other spectroscopies. Facilities include MRI, PET, CT, fluorescence and all combinations. The group has developed an integrated program in the field of imaging agents from polymer chemistry, through in vitro and in vivo analysis and human imaging with clinical partners.

In an important new initiative (January 2014) Prof Andrew Whittaker and Dr Kris Thurecht have received funding from the Australian Research Council to participate in the ARC Centre of

Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology. This major initiative brings together scientists from Monash University, University of Melbourne, University of Queensland, University of New South Wales and University of South Australia. Whittaker and Thurecht will be working on development of imaging agents and theranostic (combined therapeutic and diagnostic) molecules.

Professor Whittaker has active collaborations with scientists at Nagoya Institute of Technology (NIT), Japan; Hubei University, China; Shanghai University, China; NCNST, China; the University of Nottingham, UK; the University of Warwick, UK; IMEC, Belgium; Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Germany; Dow Electronic Materials, US; and the Intel Corporation, US. He is currently visiting professor at Hubei University. He was awarded a Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) for distinguished scientists in 2014.

Polymer Research Group

Prof Andrew WhittakerARC Professorial Research Fellow

PET-MR imaging and biodistribution of 64Cu-labelled antibody to the EphA2 receptor, in a mouse model of glioblastoma multiforme


Dr Thurecht and his team work across the interface between nanomaterials and biology, with particular interest in utilising in vivo imaging techniques as a characterisation tool for understanding mechanisms behind the behaviour of nanomaterials in biological systems.

To achieve this, a thorough understanding of nanomaterial properties is required to build up reliable structure-property relationships under physiological conditions. One example of a synthetic material studied is hyperbranched polymers, globular materials synthesised through a random polymerisation of vinyl monomers that lead to a nanomaterial having a branched structure. Owing to the complex nature of the polymerisation mechanism, full characterisation of these materials requires a suite of techniques. 2D NMR performed on CAI’s Avance 700 and Avance 900 instruments provides a powerful means of assessing molecular structure of these materials (below left, published in Macromolecules) which is used to inform on success of subsequent reactions. Once the base structure of the hyperbranched polymer is elucidated, post-modification with small molecule targeting ligands to target specific diseases is possible.

Recent work published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society and Polymer Chemistry

used 19F MRI and PET to detect polymeric devices in melanoma models, demonstrating that these systems are highly selective towards the specified receptors. Likewise, work published in Polymer Chemistry demonstrated that it is possible to design polymers to target prostate cancer with the ability to simultaneously image (through fluorescence) the delivery of a therapeutic.

Finally, the Bruker 7T PET-MR at CAI provides a useful characterisation tool for assessing how the chemophysical properties of the nanomedicine affects their diffusion through tumour tissue in living subjects (below right, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology), providing insight into strategies for improving drug delivery devices in nanomedicine.

Polymer and Nanoparticle-based devices for Nanomedicine

Left: Structural elucidation of polymer chain end-groups in hyperbranched polymers using HMBC NMR. Above: (a) MR scan of vasculature in mouse with melanoma tumour (white box); (b) blood vessels leading into the tumour (artificially highlighted in green) and; (c) PET-MR image showing distribution of polymeric nanomedicine (rainbow colour) throughout the tumour mass.

Dr Kris ThurechtARC Future Fellow


The design of polymeric nanomaterials as molecular imaging probes can provide an improved treatment strategy for many tissues and disease states. Through specific design of polymer architecture, i.e. size, shape and chemical functionality, various systems can be developed to incorporate a range of imaging functionalities thus enabling a deeper understanding of how materials interact with biological systems.

Based in the laboratories at CAI, we have developed a polymer scaffold capable of both targeting and imaging prostate cancer tissue. The polymer is a highly branched material and is composed primarily of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) which is used to enhance circulation lifetimes in vivo. Incorporated within this scaffold are fluorinated monomers that allow for 19F MR imaging and a long-wavelength dye (Cy5) to give a strong optical fluorescence signal.

To increase accumulation at the tumour site, various prostate cancer targeting ligands have been investigated. These ligands all selectively target the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is a highly prostate-restricted type II transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in high grade tumours and metastatic lesions. Each of three ligands were individually attached to the corona of the polymer scaffold and used to evaluate the cellular (tumour) uptake efficacies based on their various sizes. For

this, a small molecule glutamate-urea (300 Da), a polypeptide (1500 Da) and a monoclonal antibody (250 000 Da) were chosen (below left). Our in vitro studies have shown that there is up to a 10-fold increase in uptake within PSMA positive cells after only 30 minutes of incubation when compared to the untargeted (control) polymer. Interestingly, the polymer scaffold containing the polypeptide shows the greatest uptake and holds the most promise for targeting and imaging prostate cancer. When applied in vivo, initial optical fluorescence studies (Carestream MSFX-Pro) of a sub-cutaneous xenograft mouse model have shown that the small molecule glutamate-urea conjugated polymer accumulates predominantly in tumours that express PSMA rather than tumours that do not express PSMA (below right).

We would like to acknowledge our collaboration partners: Prof. Pamela Russell and Dr. Brian Tse at the Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at Translational Research Institute (QUT), and, Dr. Warren Heston and Dr Steve Huang at the Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA.

Research Highlight

Targeting Prostate Cancer with Polymeric Imaging AgentsDr Adrian Fuchs

Left: A schematic representation of the highly branched polymer scaffold incorporating various imaging and targeting agents. Right: Mouse xenograft model with a subcutaneous PSMA+ (right flank) and PSMA- (left flank) tumour. Fluorescence images of successful uptake of targeted polymer into PSMA+ tumour cells after 24 hours.


Synthetic materials such as polymers form the basis of almost all modern technologies. The chemical composition and nanoscale structure of synthetic materials critically influences their properties and consequently their performance in clinical or industrial applications. Hence, understanding structure-property-performance relationships facilitates the design of novel and innovative materials with improved performance, which translates to outcomes that include more efficient processes, increased productivity and importantly new capabilities, which can open new markets.

Assoc Prof Blakey’s research focusses on the rational design of functional materials and developing novel strategies for controlling their nanostructure, such that the properties can be tailored to improve performance in applications such as biomedical imaging of disease, sensors and manufacture of computer chips.

In 2014 a number of key advances were made in the development of hybrid nanomaterials that can be used in biomedical imaging of disease and optical sensor applications. The inorganic component of these materials are gold nanoparticles, which have interesting optical properties that differ significantly from the bulk material. These properties can also be tuned by forming clusters. We have shown that we can use smart polymer glues to mediate self-assembly of clusters to enhance the optical properties. In particular, we have shown that the structure of the polymer was critical in dictating

the morphology and size of the clusters. In proof of concept ex vivo experiments, we have also demonstrated that these constructs can be optically detected in animal tissue.

2014 also saw advances in the development of nanostructured polymers which are designed to improve processes in the manufacturing of computer chips. In particular, we have used a combination of ‘top down’ printing of silicon wafers using light with the ‘bottom up’ self-assembly of nanostructured polymers. Specifically, we have developed polymers and processes that give the ability to print features in silicon that are less than 10 nm- less than 5000 times thinner than a human hair. We have also identified additives that can be blended with the block copolymers that allow the printing of even smaller features and also tuning of nanostructure, which significantly extends the scope of current materials used by the semiconductor industry.

This work has been supported by the Australian Research Council (Future Fellowships, Discovery Projects and Linkage Projects schemes) and currently involves collaborations with partners at Pennsylvania State University, Nagoya Institute of Technology, University of Nottingham, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland Eye Institute and the National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology. Key industrial partners are the Dow Chemical Company, Intel and Anteo Technologies.

Assoc Prof Idriss BlakeyARC Future Fellow

Joint Research Appointment

Above: Core-satellite clusters of gold nanoparticles assembled with smart polymer glues. Right: Combining ‘top down’ printing of silicon with the ‘bottom up’ self assembly of polymers.


RESEARCH THEME 5

Imaging and Spectroscopic Technologies

CAI researchers use state-of-the-art spectroscopic and imaging instruments to characterise molecular structure, dynamics and function and perform structural and functional in vivo imaging of small animals through to humans. Through active hardware and software development we contribute significantly to the advancement of these core technologies. Multimodality correlative imaging, such as PET-MR and PET-CT, combines the strengths of each modality to enable new tools for research.

Fibretracts of the Brain at 7T- p. 28


Development of multimodal PET/MR imaging methods and imaging agents in cancer and neurodegenerative disease. A carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor has been labelled with PET (68Ga) and MRI (Gd) contrast isotopes and will be trialled for simultaneous PET/MRI for detection of hypoxic tumour in a mouse model in collaboration with A/Prof Poulsen (Griffith University).

Characterisation of demyelination in multiple sclerosis by MR diffusion-based methods. A rat model of mild remitting-relapsing MS has been developed and an optimised DTI sequence utilised to measure diffusion parameters at ultra-high field. Differences in diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were observed in animals at various stages of the disease.

NMR-based metabolomics: an emerging methodology for characterisation of metabolic processes within biological systems. A major program initiated in the use of NMR-based metabolomics as a diagnostic tool based on profiling biofluids and tissues in diseases such as prostate cancer, epilepsy, heart disease and diabetes, as well as characterisation of environmental impact on livestock production.

Imaging and Spectroscopy in Food and Plant Science (in collaboration with QDAAF)Projects include the mechanism and physiology of bruising in avocado; characterisation of skin browning disease in mango using MRI; and the use of MRI to understand the germination process of red bayberries in order to inform methods for inducing more rapid germination, thereby improving production viability.

The diverse research activities in the Brereton group are linked by a common aim of developing methods for the improved understanding of the molecular basis of biological function and disease, and informing the development of new diagnostic imaging technologies and approaches to therapy.

The research is primarily based upon Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging methods and is applied to a breadth of scale, from the molecular structure and function of important biomolecules and metabolic profiling of living systems to targeted imaging agents and biomarkers for detection of disease and disorders.

Highlights in 2014 include:

Development of novel adiabatic RF pulse sequences for MRS and imaging. Adiabatic radiofrequency (RF) pulses hold great promise for robust selective excitation with low sensitivity to RF power. Tools are under development in collaboration with Prof Shalom (University of Minnesota) to allow reliable implementation and parameterisation of these pulses for a variety of applications.

Optimisation of PET/MR protocols to separate tissue delivery from cellular uptake of imaging agents, and multimodal imaging agent development for imaging of 1) inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis, and 2) diffusion of nanomedicines into tumours. This work is in association with Clarity Pharmaceuticals.

Imaging & Spectroscopic Biomarker Development

Prof Ian BreretonDirector, Research and Technology


Projects performed using MRI enable the matching of genetic, behavioural, and imaging information, as well as correlating functional maps using functional MRI (fMRI) with simultaneously acquired electrophysiological data from EEG. This combined EEG-fMRI method also allows recording of critical timing information in seizures in patients with epilepsy.

One highlight at CAI in 2014 was the commissioning of the Southern Hemisphere’s most powerful whole body MRI scanner, capable of capturing extremely fine anatomical details in the human body in vivo. The scanner, produced by Siemens Healthcare, operates at a field strength of 7 Tesla and provides enhanced capability to measure tissue structure and metabolism non-invasively at a spatial resolution not previously achievable.

During this first year, researchers at CAI and collaborating institutes and companies (Donders Institute Nijmegen and Maastricht Brain Imaging

MRI method development and (ultra) high field MRI

Assoc Prof Markus Barth7T Facility Fellow

Left: Highest spatial resolution of 350 micrometer can be obtained for human brain anatomy at 7 Tesla in vivo. The images cover the whole brain and are more than 20x better than the standard resolution at lower field strengths.

Centre (Netherlands); Medical University Vienna (Austria); FMRIB (Oxford University, UK; and Siemens Healthcare) implemented methods for improved imaging of structure and function.

The higher field strength of 7 Tesla and the powerful gradients enable an improvement of the spatial and temporal resolution of functional MRI. Functional MRI is a non-invasive method with which changes in blood flow and oxygenation accompanying neuronal changes in the human brain can be mapped. Using accelerated, high resolution functional MRI one can image the working human brain in vivo, e.g. by decoding MRI time series to aim for brain reading, and detect activation in small functional units (cortical layers and columns).

Another main focus at 7 Tesla was the mapping of brain anatomy, white matter fibre structure, as well as blood flow and tissue perfusion. In several projects aiming for improved and early diagnosis of dementia these methods promise an earlier detection of pathological changes due the improved spatial resolution and contrast. Quantitative susceptibility mapping using the MR phase information can be used as a very sensitive disease marker, e.g. for tumor angiogenesis or iron accumulation in certain brain structures in Parkinson’s disease, or for monitoring disease progression in multiple sclerosis.

OutlookNext steps include extending the applications to cardiac imaging and Fluorine spectroscopy at 7 Tesla, which is challenging due to difficulties of the radiofrequency inhomogeneity at this field strength and shall be tackled by using parallel radiofrequency transmission and improved coil design.


Mapping of signal phase from ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging data undoubtedly provides a wealth of information about the ageing brain and the effects of neurodegenerative disorders, such as the progression of multiple sclerosis.

In the Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE) regime of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), both signal magnitude and phase can be acquired routinely and it is well-established that information in images of signal magnitude is complemented by information contained in the signal phase. For example, it has been established that grey-white matter contrast can be increased as much as 10-fold using ultra-high field instruments such as CAI’s 7T human MRI and by mapping signal phase instead of signal magnitude.

Decreasing wavelength in tissue with increasing field strength necessitates the use of multiple channel phased array coils in high field and ultra-high field neuroimaging studies. Current methods of combining phase are based weighting individual channel information, known as adaptive combination. We first carried out a simulation study

to demonstrate that the quality of the combined phase image can be dramatically improved by only using data with high signal-to-noise signal phase compared to using adaptive combination.

We then acquired human data using the 7T human MRI and compared the results of selectively combining signal phase acquired across multiple channels with the adaptive combination method. As predicted from the simulation study, there was a marked improvement in the phase image using selective phase combination. The insets below compare two regions and qualitatively illustrate the marked improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. Importantly, these results indicate that for the selective combination of phase images, not only the noise can be reduced in the combined phase image, but there appears to be an improvement in phase contrast as well.

These initial results demonstrate the importance of studies to assess both qualitatively and quantitatively the improvements gained by selectively choosing regions to combine based on phase noise.

Research Highlight

EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM MRI SIGNAL PHASE Dr Viktor Vegh

Above: comparison between adaptive combination (left) and selective combination (right) of signal phase at 7T. Insets show the marked qualitative improvement in signal-to-noise ratio in the selective combined phase images.


In 2014, 9 RHD students co-supervised at CAI were awarded their degrees:

PhDPriyanka Dey (enrolled at QUT) “Hybrid polymer/metal nanoparticles with surface enhanced Raman tracking for potential use in nanomedicine”, July 2014 (Queensland University of Technology).Qianyun Du “A study of the anticoagulant mechanisms of three biological compounds in vitro and in vivo”, July 2014.Chunli Liu “Development of 3D bioactive block copolymer scaffold for tissue engineering applications”, June 2014.Alshammari Qurain Turki S “Early Detection of Myocardial Fibrosis by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry”, March 2014.Kerstin Pannek “Diffusion MRI of the preterm infant brain”, April 2014.Miriem Santander Borrego “Synergisms of topography and chemistry for development of bioengineered cell constructs for the surgical restoration of the ocular surfaces”, April 2014.Mohammad Ullah “Structural basis of interactions of the TIR domain-containing proteins in TLR signaling pathways in humans”, May 2014.Kewei Wang “Multifunctional Nanostructured Polymers for Improved 19F MRI”, December 2014.Rebecca Williams “The assessment of diffusion-weighted fMRI as a contrast for functional brain imaging”, January, 2014Sophia Van Hees “Mapping the brain mechanisms of naming treatment post-stroke”, January 2014.Truong Giang Nguyen “Perfusion computed tomography in the evaluation of blood-brain barrier disruption in acute ischaemic stroke”, September 2014.

MPhilHenry Tsao “Unravelling the organisation and microstructure of sensorimotor brain networks in children with congenital hemiparesis ”, June 2014.

Research Higher Degree Conferrals

Honours Students

Lewis Chambers (School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology)Angelo Chan (School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology)Nicole Coutts (School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences)James Teng (School of Psychology)Adam Tomaschewski (School of Biomedical Sciences)Laura White (School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences)


CAI EVENTS

The Queensland Science Minister Ian Walker officially opened the CAI building on the 21 August 2014.

A number of senior University and government officials attended the opening with the University of Queensland Vice-Chancellor and President Professor Peter Høj commenting that “The Centre has allowed us to attract the world’s best and brightest minds and bring together the skills of a critical mass of researchers to tackle problems of global significance,” Professor Høj said.

Science Minister Ian Walker said investing in research and converting it into innovative solutions was one of the top 10 priorities of The Queensland Plan: a 30-year vision for Queensland. “We’re investing in Queensland science because it has the potential to improve our quality of life” Mr Walker said.

CAI Official Opening

Clockwise from top: Queensland Science Minister Ian Walker unveils the plaque with Prof David Reutens, Vice-Chancellor and President Prof Peter Høj and Chancellor John Story; Dr Gary Cowin shows Minister Ian Walker data from CAI’s flagship PET-MR; Prof David Reutens addresses the audience at the CAI opening.


Taking advantage of the spectacular new building and facilities, a number of scientific meetings were hosted by CAI during 2014.

Australian Institute of RadiographyCAI hosted the Queensland branch of the Australian Institute of Radiography (AIR) on the 3rd June. 70 attendees listened to a presentation by Prof David Reutens on the capabilities of the Centre, with a focus on 7T MRI. A subset of the audience also toured the Centre. Feedback from AIR was extremely positive, with another CAI hosted evening already locked in.

MS Research Australia held a satellite imaging symposium on 21st and 22nd June. Leading international MS imaging specialist Professor Paola Piccini, Imperial College London presented alongside Australian specialists to discuss the current status of international and Australian research in the field including advanced imaging and microglial markers, current technologies and capabilities available in Australia, areas of need and barriers to research progress.

Australian Society for Molecular Imaging (ASMI), 24th and 25th June.The launch of the ASMI was hosted at CAI with a two day conference. A number of international and national scientists and clinicians presented on topics ranging from the chemistry of developing molecular imaging probes, new techniques for improving the acquisition of molecular images and data processing through to the translation into clinical diagnosis and applications. The keynote address was given by Prof Zang-Hee Cho, from Gachon University, in Ultra-high field MRI and HRRT-PET – human in vivo molecular imaging.

The Centre for Advanced Imaging Opening Scientific Symposium Two symposia were held as part of the opening scientific symposium, the CAI Bio Magnetic Resonance in Molecular Structure Symposium on the 25th and 26th June and the CAI Ultra High Field MRI Symposium on the 26th and 27th June.

The Queensland Protein Group held a one day symposium at the CAI. The focus was on students and gave them a chance to present their work in front of a broad audience. This year’s interstate keynote speaker was Dr David Gell, from the University of Tasmania who was speaking about the structural biology of how bacteria steal haemoglobin from their human hosts. The seminar was attended by structural biologists and protein scientists from UQ, Griffith and QUT, and included a social event after the half day scientific program, which was held at the CAI level 5 interaction area.

CAI hosted the Queensland MRI User Group meeting on 1st September. 27 attendees (primarily MR Radiographers) listened to presentations on 7T MRI by Assoc Prof Markus Barth and Dr Kieran O’Brien. The evening was topped off with a tour of the 7T area followed by a pizza supper.

Scientific Meetings/Symposia

Left to right: Prof David Reutens addresses the CAI Opening Scientific Symposium; Dr Mehdi Mobli speaking at the CAI Bio Magnetic Resonance in Molecular Structure Symposium; attendees at the meeting of the Queensland branch of the Australian Institute of Radiography (AIR) held at CAI.


2014 was an exciting year with the first year of enrolments in the Master of Molecular Imaging (MMI) and the exciting initiative of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) to complement our highly regarded Magnetic Resonance Technology (MRT) postgraduate course work programs and professional development short courses.

EDUCATION


Innovation in Education

In April 2014, led by Head of Education Prof Graham Galloway, CAI offered an on-line Introduction to Biomedical Imaging course (BIOIMG101x). This was a ten-week course delivered via the edX platform which specialises in massive open online courses.

Over 15,200 students enrolled to study the basic scientific principles behind each of the six commonly used imaging modalities, including X-ray, ultrasound, MRI, CT, PET and SPECT, presenting some of their key applications, from neurological diseases to cancer.

The course is designed for the general public, but provides some advanced modules for professional development, particularly across the health, engineering and IT industries.

MOOC - Introduction to Biomedical Imaging

MMI is a collaborative postgraduate program with The University of Sydney, providing the opportunity to undertake courses through both institutions.

Molecular imaging is a form of biomedical imaging, which is rapidly growing in importance in the applied life sciences, and contributes in the advancement of biomedicines. The Master of Molecular Imaging aims at forming international leaders in molecular imaging. This program is especially designed for chemists, biologists, physicists, computer scientists, engineers, radiographers and nuclear medicine technologists who wish to gain an in-depth knowledge of this new biomedical imaging approach.

It prepares the next generation of scientists and engineers to develop:• new molecular probes,• new imaging instrumentation and methods,• new computational algorithmsfor imaging gene, protein and cell function in health and disease.

Master in Molecular Imaging (MMI)

MRT postgraduate programs have been designed for radiographers, biomedical engineers and other health professionals working with Magnetic Resonance Imaging equipment.

Our programs focus on the physics and technology surrounding magnetic resonance and how this is applied in clinical and research settings, including diagnostics, functional physiology and cognitive neuroscience studies.

The program is offered through the Faculty of Science and leads to a Master’s degree, Master of Magnetic Resonance Technology (MMagResonTech)

There are optional exit points at Graduate Certificate in Magnetic Resonance Technology (GCMagResonTech) and Postgraduate Diploma in Magnetic Resonance Technology (GDipMagResonTech).

Magnetic Resonance Technology (MRT)


Postgraduate Coursework

CAI Short Courses are three day courses focussing on various specialised applications of MRI. The courses consist of three mornings of theory and three afternoons of practicals, allowing the registrants to actively participate in the MRI acquisition and/or post-processing of data. Three short courses were held in 2015:

Introduction to MRI: 29 – 31 MarchThis short course is designed for those new to MRI and is often undertaken by those hoping to secure an MRI training position.CAI staff presented lectures on MRI physics, instrumentation, artefacts, safety and scanning techniques of the brain and spine.External expert lectures were presented by Neurologist Dr Kate Mahady. These lectures covered neuroanatomy, normal neuroanatomy appearances on MRI and some fascinating case studies of pathology.During the afternoon sessions, volunteers attended the Centre to enable each registrant to practice positioning and live scanning of brain and lumbar spine.

Basic Cardiac MRI: 16 – 18 AugustThis short course is designed for those with general MRI experience who wanted to learn dedicated cardiac techniques.CAI staff presented lectures on cardiac sequences, optimal scanning planes and live demonstrations of equipment and patient positioning.

External expert lectures were presented by Dr David Wong (Radiologist) and Drs Christian Hamilton-Craig and Johanne Neill (Cardiologists). One of the advantages of using clinical experts is that these doctors were able to arrange for some of their clinical patients to undergo an MRI for teaching purposes during the course. This meant that participants could view a clinical scan on a patient with known clinical pathology with real time narration from the specialist. At the conclusion of the scan, the class was able to review the images and discuss the case and findings as a whole. During the afternoon sessions, registrants were able to perform live scanning on healthy volunteers, as well as have small group tutorials with Drs Hamilton-Craig and Neill.

Functional MRI (fMRI): 29 Nov – 1 DecThis course is designed for those new to functional MRI (fMRI). This proved to be very popular, attracting registrants with varying backgrounds such as radiography and psychology.Staff from CAI presented lectures on fMRI physics and equipment, paradigm design, live scanning set up and demonstration, as well as post processing techniques. A highlight of this course was that registrants were able to view an fMRI scan in progress, then in the afternoon practical sessions were able to have their own individual computer terminal to post process the data just as they would in a clinical/research environment.

Short Courses

Left to right: cervical cord compression; registrants performing real-time cardiac scanning; cardiac tutorial with Drs Hamilton-Craig and Neill.


EXTERNAL ENGAGEMENT & STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS

Dr Volker Behr, Department of Experimental Physics, University of Wurzburg, Germany (from November 2013). Dr Behr worked together with Dr Roger Meder (CSIRO) on two projects characterising the properties of wood during and following the drying process. After building a 1H/13C RF coil for use on the 16.4T system, Dr Behr studied the physiochemical nature of wood de-watering with supercritical CO2, involving the use of a high pressure cell to determine chemical speciation and distribution during the process. He also applied DTI at 3T to visualise grain angles around knots in timber.

Ms Anna Vilter Department of Experimental Physics, University of Wurzburg, Germany (January 2014). Ms Vilter, an RHD student in Dr Volker Behr’s laboratory, worked with Dr Behr and Dr Meder investigating MR imaging of wood and engagement in DTI and applications on plant imaging.

Dr Michael Jensen Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhaus University, Denmark (January-December 2014). During 2014 Dr Jensen investigated the changes in glucose metabolism that occur following the introduction of the ketogenic, Modified Atkins Diet and the branched chain amino acid diet in an animal model of epilepsy using NMR.

Ms Madeleine Peschke Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Germany (January- December 2014). Ms Peschke undertook EPR measurements under the

supervision of Dr Harmer to determine the structure and function of the megaenzyme teicoplanin non-ribosomal peptide synthetase as it synthesises its natural product, teicoplanin, a potent antibiotic. The ultimate aim of the project is to reengineer these enzymes for the tailored synthesis of new molecules, in particular new antibiotics.

Dr Anders Rodell Aarhaus PET Centre, University Hospital, Aarhaus University, Denmark (to July 2014). Dr Rodell collaborated with Prof Reutens and Dr Janke on research investigating how intermittent mild stressors such as exercise help to raise the body’s own resilience against free radicals that cause ageing and age-related diseases e.g. neurodegenerative diseases and arthritis. Utilising the Centre’s imaging technology, the research investigated how mild stress induces elimination of weak, unhealthy and damaged mitochondria from ageing cells, promoting the survival of the most resilient cells.

Dr Andreas Schmid Werner Siemens Imaging Centre, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen (August 2013- February 2014). Dr Schmid spent 6 months in the Brereton group working in collaboration with Dr Yasvir Tesiram to establish a diet induced model of liver cancer in the rat. His initial work showed changes fat species. These animals are now shown numerous formations in the liver when compared with control animals allowing further tailored spectroscopy and imaging applications to be developed at CAI.

International Visitors to CAI

Mr Timo Augustein (September 2014-October 2015)Supervisor: Dr Jeff HarmerProject: High resolution CW and pulse EPR spectroscopy

Ms Melissa Larsen (July-October 2014)Supervisor: Dr Marta GarridoProject: Computational modelling of electroencephalographic brain responses.

Ms Naja Meyer-Schell (October 2014-March 2015)Supervisor: Dr Viktor VeghProject: Multiple sclerosis evaluating changes in in vivo and ex vivo date sets and compares findings to histology.

Mr Paul Zierep (October 2014-March 2015)Supervisor: Prof Graeme HansonProject: CW and pulse EPR spectroscopy to examine the origin of the electrical and photoconductivity of melanin in solid state.

Occupational Trainees


Directed by CAI’s Prof Graham Galloway, the National Imaging (NIF) is an integrated imaging technology-based national network that provides state-of-the-art imaging and analysis capabilities for animals, plants, and materials. With 11 nodes scattered across all mainland state capitals of Australia, NIF merges the expertise of biologists, neuroscientists, imaging researchers and clinicians, material scientists, platform engineers and computational scientists, supporting Australian research community.

With the Central Management based at University of Queensland, the Centre for Advanced Imaging at the University of Queensland hosts the largest Node of NIF. 2014 has certainly been a very busy year for the NIF-UQ node, directed by Prof Ian Brereton. Example highlights of 2014 include the commissioning of the flagship preclinical PET-MR scanner, the first of its kind in the world, and also the continued diaglogue and collaborative engagements with industry partner Siemens Healthcare.

For more information regarding NIF and associated Nodes, please visit: www.anif.org.au.

“The National Imaging Facility is innovating to make research relevant to the real world, sharing capability with industry, and the Australian community.” Prof Graham Galloway

Highlights of 2014 (UQ Node):

World’s First Bruker ClinScan Preclinical PET-MRAvailable to all Australian researchers, the world’s first Bruker ClinScan combined PET-MR for preclinical imaging is open for business and ready to rock!

As a flagship research infrastructure for the National Imaging Facility, the PET-MR is hosted by the Centre for Advanced Imaging at the NIF University of Queensland node. In close collaborations with scientists from Bruker and University of Tubingen, Facility Fellows at the NIF-UQ node have developed and optimised protocols which are adaptable to the best features of both MR and PET imaging technologies.

This system allows simultaneous acquisition of MRI and PET images of an animal or sample. The technology combines the exquisite structural and functional characterisation of tissue provided by MRI with the extreme sensitivity of PET imaging of metabolism and tracking of uniquely labeled cell types or cell receptors. The MRI system is comprised of a 7 Tesla, 30 cm bore superconducting magnet, with operating software identical to the Siemens clinical MRI platform.

National Imaging Facility

Above: 7T MRI quantification of the amount of glycosaminoglycan protein present in knee cartilage.

http://www.anif.org.au


Development of the tools for simultaneous dynamic assessment of PET and MRI contrast agents commenced with the two most commonly used contrast agents for PET and MRI, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and complexes of Gadolinium (Gd), respectively. FDG, an analogue of glucose, is the most commonly available PET agent, used primarily for oncology as a marker for increased tissue metabolism. MRI Gd contrast agents are used for MR angiography and to measure tissue perfusion and vascular integrity.

Simultaneous dynamic measurement of the uptake of gadolinium MRI perfusion agents and 18F-FDG will enable differentiation of the relative contribution of changes in cellular transport of glucose and/or delivery of FDG when altered FDG signal is measured. Simultaneously performing PET and MRI assessments will also give a competitive edge to Australian researchers and industries for development of these compounds and early phase preclinical trial of novel drugs and biologically active agents.

Contrast-free MR Angiography - Industry EngagementSiemens A.G is a worldwide market leader in the production of Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanners for diagnostic imaging. Developers at Siemens Healthcare USA have been working on a new contrast free method for Magnetic Resonance based Angiography, a common medical imaging technique that is used to visualise and organs and blood vessels of the body, for 1.5Tesla MR scanners which is the most common clinical field strength. The

larger signal available at higher field strengths (>3 Tesla) should allow smaller arteries to be visualised, but the current radio frequency pulses used in the technique result in incomplete suppression of the venous system.

In order to achieve improved imaging resolution, the Siemens Healthcare USA developers contacted Siemens Ltd Australia, who through their collaboration with National Imaging Facility (NIF) and Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI, University of Queensland), had access to expertise on radio frequency pulse optimisation. The optimised RF pulses developed resulted in complete venous suppression (below). The optimised RF pulses were implemented in a Siemens distributed Works in Progress package for clinical validation at Siemen’s worldwide clinical partners. Successful application of this new technique will lead to it being released as a commercial product in Siemens’ high field clinical scanners.

Left: Angiography images without (top) and with (bottom) optimised RF pulses; Right: The NIF-UQ node members (l-r) Prof Ian Brereton (node director), Dr Andrew Janke(informatics fellow), Dr Karine Mardon, Dr Gary Cowin (facility fellows).

“The collaboration with expert scientists like the researchers at NIF and CAI, enables Siemens to continuously improve their products, maintaining their competitive edge.” Dr Kieran O’BrienScientist MR, Siemens Ltd Aus & NZ;Adjunct Research Fellow, CAI.


The Queensland Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Network (QNN) was established with assistance from the Smart State Research Facilities Fund (SSRFF) to enhance the research capabilities in Queensland for NMR and MRI. Participant organisations in QNN are UQ, Griffith University and Queensland University of Technology. The Centre for Advanced Imaging has administrative and operational management responsibility for the QNN and for its facilities located at UQ.

QNN provides valuable access to a network of high field NMR equipment, supporting fundamental research, applied bioscience and the developing biotechnology industry in Queensland.

Research highlights at UQ arising from QNN activities during 2014 included outcomes from a number of major programs that make use of the facilities. These included:

• Awarding of several NHMRC Project grants to University of Queensland researchers developing human anti-stroke therapeutics and those for treating peripheral pain.

• The award of an NHMRC Program grant for $2 million to QNN partner institutions Griffith University and The University of Queensland to investigate targeting proteins and glycans in host-pathogen interactions for novel drugs and vaccines.

• The award of an ARC LIEF grant to Griffith University for Regional nuclear magnetic resonance infrastructure network for South East Queensland and Northern New South Wales.

• Projects benefiting from the use of QNN facilities covered a diverse range of research including venom and toxin studies, therapeutic development for treating human disorders, the study of animal models of multiple sclerosis, metabolism in diabetes and prostate cancer, environmental impacts on muscle production in beef, and the development of amyloid and tau protein imaging agents.

QNN facilities at participant organisations were utilised by over 100 research scientists and students with outcomes presented at numerous national and international conferences.

Queensland NMR Network


CAI OPERATIONS

2014 was an exciting year for the Centre for Advanced Imaging with the addition of a number of new facilities to the already comprehensive range of instrumentation.

Alongside the NMR, EPR, MRI, PET, CT and optical imaging we have welcomed the commissioning of the ultrahigh field 7T MRI scanner, a MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometer and an ultrasound.

CAI is able to perform imaging studies in major diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and cardiovascular disease, affecting a range of organ systems, through to imaging economically significant agricultural animals and plant material, minerals and construction materials.

Our facilities play an important part in a range of research fields including the development of new imaging technologies, analysis of molecular structure and the development of MRI and PET biomarkers targeting fundamental biological processes.

At CAI, our Facilities include:

• Human Imaging• Molecular Imaging• High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy• MR Micro Imagining• Solid State NMR• Animal Imaging• Cyclotron and Radiochemistry• EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging• Engineering development laboratory

Core Facilities Report

Above (left to right): Dr. Nyoman Kurniawan, Dr Gary Cowin, Dr Chris Noble, Mr Aiman Al Najjar, Dr Greg Pierens, Dr Karine Mardon, Mr Damion Stimson, Mr Donald Maillet.


Commissioning of the 7T and signing of new research agreement with Siemens

After taking delivery of the 7 Tesla whole body MRI scanner, CAI acquired the first human images in the southern hemisphere on this instrument on February 14th 2014.

The Siemens Healthcare system is the first to be installed in Australia and is also the Flagship instrument of the National Imaging Facility (NIF). The 7T will be used for a broad range of applications, including neuroscience, engineering, imaging and theranostics. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, musculoskeletal and liver diseases.

A few facts about the 7T • The 7T weighs 38 tonnes • 20,000 litres of liquid Helium were used to cool down the magnet to -270o ˚C • The 7T uses the latest Magnetom platform, engineered by Siemens

CAI entered into a new collaboration agreement with Siemens Australia, centred on the 7T research programs. This will boost research and development in Magnetic Resonance Imaging at CAI and Australia with projects leading to better diagnosis and treatment of degenerative diseases. The Centre now has an extraordinary new weapon in its arsenal to better understand, and ultimately fight, diseases and their progression.

(Left to right): UQ Vice-Chancellor and President Professor Peter Høj and Toby Carrington, Vice President Finance for Siemens Healthcare in Australia and New Zealand; anatomical scan and tracts at 7T MRI; ultrasound image of blood vessels.

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Imaging

A Bruker Autoflex MALDI-TOF/TOF MSI facility has been established within CAI and is available for both advanced MSI and protein analysis. MSI enables the spatial distribution of ions to be imaged directly from tissue sections to a resolution of 20-50 µm. Examples of applications include biomarker studies in cancer and drug distribution. It can also be used to localise chemically unlabelled molecular markers and/or bioactive peptides in tissue by generating unique ion profiles through the use of isotopic labelling. In addition, tissue sections analysed by MSI can be subsequently stained and examined by histology to provide additional information on the section. The technology is an ideal platform for mass analysis of biomolecules, characterisation of protein folding and sequencing, and a robotic LC-spotter allows full-scale proteomic experimentation.

Ultrasound Imaging A Siemens Acuson S3000 ultrasound system was commissioned at CAI providing a real-time anatomical imaging capability ideal for soft tissue examination, dynamic flow measurement and elastography. Availability of this technology complements existing imaging modalities and will benefit a wide range of programs with application to preclinical and clinical research in cancer, cardiac and musculoskeletal imaging.


AWARDS

In 2014, a number of CAI staff received recognition for professional activities through the following awards:

Hien Nguyen

Received the 2015 Australian Academy of Sciences AK Head Travelling Fellowship for Mathematical Scientists for his project entitled “False Discovery Rate Control in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies via Markov Random Fields”. He will be using his award to travel to Canada and the USA to research with world-class scientists in the areas of medical imaging and computational statistics.

Quang Tieng, Simone Bosshard and Min Chen

Winners of the Seizure Prediction Challenge, an international competition sponsored by the American Epilepsy Society, the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Epilepsy Foundation. The CAI researchers led an international team to victory with their work to develop a computer algorithm that predicts the occurrence of epileptic seizures from the brain’s activity recorded up to an hour beforehand.

Kris Thurecht

UQ delegate in Young Scientist Exchange Program; Australia-China Science Research Fund. Kris travelled to China in November with a group of Australian delegates to establish new collaborations and links to Chinese research groups.

Andrew Whittaker

Prof Whittaker was awarded the Paul J. Flory Polymer Research Prize for his contributions to the fields of polymers for medicine and lithography. The award was given at the 22nd World Forum on Advanced Materials (POLYCHAR 22), held in Stellenbosch, South Africa in April.

Amanda Pearce

Received the prize for the best student poster at the Australian Society of Molecular Imaging Symposium which was held at CAI in June.

Left to right: Kris Thurecht (centre) with Prof Afang Zhang and group in Shanghai; Andrew Whittaker (centre) receiving the Paul J. Flory Polymer Research prize from committee chair Prof Jean-Jacques Pireaux (University of Namur, Belgium-left) and Conference Chair Prof Peter Mallon (Univ Stellenbosch-right); Amanda Pearce receiving the ASMI poster prize from Prof Zang-Hee Cho (Gachon University)


2014 RESEARCH GRANTS

The following contains information for competitive funding commencing in 2014. Amounts represent total funding, not including GST.

Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects

Blakey I, Jack K. Photoreactive Block copolymers: Controlling the Nanostructure of Materials with Light. 2014-2016 (Awarded to and administered by AIBN).

Mobli M. Unravelling the structural complexity of ancient Ausralian anthropod venoms. 2014-2016 $150k.

Reutens DR, Speck O, Vegh V. Characterising white matter compartments using a novel magnetic susceptibility imaging technique. 2014-2016 $365k.

Linkage, Infrastructure and Equipment Grants

Qiao, Voelcker, Whittaker, Simon, Kentish, Short, Blencowe, Griesser, Dunstan, Franks, Stokes, Blakey, Chen, Wong, Advanced Macromolecular Materials Characterisation Facility (AMMCF). 2014 $410k. (Awarded to and administered by The University of Melbourne).

ARC Centre of Excellence

Davis, Caruso, Porter, Gooding, Voelcker, Whittaker, Bunnett, Kendall, Crampin, Kent, Parton, Kavallaris, Boyd, Kearnes, Thurecht, Johnston, Thordarson, Nann, Corrie, Dawson, Hawker, Haddleton, Alexander, Stevens, McLean, Abbott, Lee, Greguric, Lewis. ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology. 2014-2019 (Awarded to and administered by Monash University).

Mattingley, Egan, Rosa, Robinson, Sah, Stuart, Ibootson, Lowery, Arabzadeh, Paxinos, Martin, Petrou, Grunert, Skafidas, Garrido, Breakspear, Mitra, Victor, Try, Diamond, Johnson, Leopold, Movshon, Markram, Hill, Jirsa, Tanaka. ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function. 2014-2021 (Awarded to and administered by Monash University).

Future Fellowships

Barth M. Improved decoding of human brain activity using advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging at ultrahigh field strength. 2014-2018 $870k.

Discovery Early Career Researcher Award

Vogel M. Ultra-low field magnetic resonance imaging with an array of localised magnetic field sensor; 2014-2017; $219k

National Health and Medical Research Council

MEI Equipment grant

Meinzer, Copland, McMahon, deZubicaray, Breakspear, Dux, Chenery, Brauer, Molenberghs. High Definition

Transcranial direct current stimulation system for use during functional magnetic resonance imaging. 2014 $34k (Awarded to and administered by UQ Centre for Clinical Research).

Project Grant

Ruitenberg M, Taylor S, Kurniawan N. Targeting the complement activation fragment C5a to improve the outcome from spinal cord injury. 2014-2016 $393k (Awarded to and administered by School of Biomedical Sciences, UQ).

Wright M, de Zubicary G, McMahon KL, Thompson P. Neurodevelopment during adolescence: a longitudinal twin imaging study. 2014-2016 $1,814k. (Awarded to and administered by QIMR-Berghofer).

Cancer Council

de Zubicaray G, Robinson G, Copland D, McMahon K. A prospective study of language function following surgical resection of left hemisphere primary brain tumours. 2013-2015 $200k (Awarded to an administered by Dept of Psychology, UQ).

Poulsen S-A, Tonissen K, Brereton I, Cowin G, Mardon K, Dubois L, Lambin P. Development of Bimodal MRI/PET Imaging Agents for Imaging of Hypoxia: The Best of both Worlds. 2014-2015 $200k (Awarded to and administered by Griffith University).

Australian Cancer Research Foundation

Coulthard, Crozier, Farah, Fisk, Gardiner, Lakhani, Lavin, Mitchell, Obermair, Rice, Rose, Salvado, Whittaker, Boyd, Fay, Kenny, Langton, MacFarlane, Slaughter. ACRF Molecular Oncology Translational Imaging Facility (MOTIF) 2014; $2.2M. (Awarded to and administered by UQ Centre for Clinical Research).

National Breast Cancer Foundation

Novel concept Award

Thurecht K. Detection and treatment of triple negative breast cancer: Development of novel nanomedicine devices allowing simultaneous molecular imaging gene therapy and aptamer therapy. 2014-2015 $200k.

Australian Government; Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary EducationNational Collaborative Research Infrastructure Scheme

Janke A, Goscinski W, Galloway G. ANDS eResearch Infrastructure Connectivity Project Description for ImageTrove. 2014-2015 $150k.


Foundation Grants

RBWH and RBWH foundation research grant

Muller M, Reutens D, Paratz J, Burianová H, Harrison J, Dulhunty J, Redman B. Prevention of burn injury - the neural correlates of risk-taking behaviours. 2014 $58k.

Reutens D, Gray M. Investigations of Mechanisms Underlying Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. 2014-2015 $48k.

Gardiner, Lavin, Hill, Roberts, Schirra, Yaxley. Exploring new Paradigms in Pre-prostate cancer detection and management. 2014 $77k. (Awarded to and administered by UQ Centre for Clinical Research).

University of Wollongong Small Grants Scheme

Howard S, Ehrich J, Burianová H, Carmody J. Assessment Matters: Neural Correlates of Cognitive Load and its Effect on Spelling Performance. 2014; $15k.

AusSHI

Gericke C, Reutens D, Vadlamudi L, Pelekanos J, Temayne F, Duncan E. Improving care and outcomes for patients with a suspected first epileptic seizure. 2014 $75k. (Awarded to and administered by the School of Population Health, UQ).

Novartis

Vegh V, Reutens D. A novel magnetic resonance imaging technique as a biomarker for brain myelination and the effect of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis. 2014-2015.

Siemens

Barth M, Galloway G, Crozier S, O’Brien K. Verifying the safety and image quality of metallic implants at 7T using single and parallel transmit systems. 2014.

University of Queensland

Postdoctoral Research Fellowship

Yu Q. Modelling and analysis of anomalous diffusion in magnetic resonance imaging. 2014-2016 $20k.

Early Career Researcher Award

Bosshard S. .Modelling symptomatic generalized epilepsy: Contribution of interneuron loss to seizure phenotype. 2014 $20k.

Garrido M. Human electroencephalographic markers of schizophrenia: towards a neurobiologically informed diagnosis. 2014; $21k.

UQ Academic Title Holder Research Fund

Hamilton-Craig C, Galloway G. Early Diagnosis of Heart Disease using Advanced Cardiac MRI - Relaxometry, Ultra-High-Field strength 7.0T and Exercise MRI in Human Heart Disease. 2014-2015.

Major Equipment and Infrastructure

Brauer, Breakspear, Copland, De Zubicary, Dux, McMahon, Meinzer, Molenberghs. High Definition Transcranial direct current stimulation system for use during functional magnetic resonance imaging. 2014 $34k. (Awarded to and administered by the UQ Centre for Clinical Research).

Collaboration and Industry Engagement Fund

Gaus, Blakey. Rational design of polymer surfaces for biomonitoring of mixtures of hazardous chemicals. 2014-2015 $75k. (Awarded to and administered by the National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology).

ResTeach

Cowin G. 2014; $15k.

Kurniawan N. 2014; $25k.

Tesiram Y. 2014; $25k.


PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS

Editorial Board Participation

Markus Barth

Frontiers in Biomedical Physics

Marcus Gray

Frontiers in PsychiatryFrontiers in PsychologyFrontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and StimulationPLoS ONE

Graeme Hanson

Applied Magnetic ResonanceJournal of Inorganic Biochemistry

Horst Schirra

International Scholarly Research NoticesStructural BiologyCurrent Metabolomics

Kris Thurecht

Nanoscience and Technology

Andrew Whittaker

Journal of Applied Polymer ScienceRadiation Physics and Chemistry

Conference Presentations

Chair/Co-chair

Barth M. Electromagnetic Tissue Property Mapping: Challenges & Solutions. ISMRM 2014, Milan, May 2014.

Blakey I. Polymers for Health Symposium, Royal Australian National Congress 2014, Melbourne, Dec 2014.

Plenary

Thurecht KJ. “Molecular Imaging with Polymers”. SBIC-Bruker Workshop on Molecular Imaging, Singapore, October 10th.

Keynote

Barth M. “Human in vivo MR imaging at 7 Tesla: sensitivity to magnetic tissue properties”. 7th Asian Biological Inorganic Chemistry Conference. Gold Coast, Australia, 30 Nov- 5 Dec 2014.

Blakey I. “Phase Behaviour and Morphologies of Ionic Liquid Containing Block Copolymers: Blends and Polymeric Ionic Liquids”. International Symposium on Polymer Electrolytes -14, Geelong, Aug 2014.

Whittaker A. “Biologically Responsive Polymeric Medical imaging Agents”. 22nd World Forum on Advanced Materials (POLYCHAR 22), Stellenbosch, South Africa, April 7-11 2014. Invited

Barth M. “The Possibility to Image Functional Changes in Cortical Laminae Using fMRI”. 12th International Cognitive Neuroscience Conference. Brisbane, Australia, July 2014.

Blakey I. “Tuning the properties and nanostructure of functional polymers and nanomaterials for applications

ranging from nanofabrication to nanomedicine”. Dow Chemical Company, Technology Community Organisation seminar series, MA USA, Feb 2014.

Reutens DR. “Advances in Molecular Imaging”. Synaptic Brain Mapping & Therapeutics, Sydney, March 17-19 2014.

Thurecht KJ. “Polymer Theranostics in Cancer Research”. RACI National Congress, Adelaide, Dec 7-12 2014.

Thurecht KJ. “Polymers in Nanomedicine”. International Nanomedicine Conference, Sydney, June 30 – July 2nd 2014.

Oral

Bredies K, Ropele S, Poser BA, Barth M, Langkammer C. “One-step Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping using Total Generalized Variation and 3D EPI”. Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Milan, Italy, 2014.

Collin S, de Voogd LD, Barth M, Fernández G, & Hermans EJ. “Phasic BOLD activity in the locus coeruleus and pupil dilation at different levels of tonic arousal”. OHBM (Emotion and Motivation). Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Dymerska B, Poser B, Bogner W, Visser E, Cardoso P, Barth M, Trattnig S, and Robinson S.”Dynamic correction of geometric distortions in EPI: “CURED””. Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Milan, Italy, 2014.

Johnson K, Copland D, McMahon K, de Zubicaray G. “A prospective study of language function following surgical resection of left hemisphere primary brain tumours”. Brisbane Cancer Conference, Brisbane, Australia, Dec 18-19, 2014

Kleinnijenhuis M, van Mourik T, Norris D, Ruiter D, van Cappellen van Walsum A-M, Barth M. “Laminar


Conference Presentations (cont.)

characteristics of gyrencephaly using high resolution diffusion tensor imaging in vivo at 7T”. OHBM (Neuroanatomy). Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Schirra HJ. “A Core Metabolic Enzyme is Responsible for Phosphine Resistance and Global Metabolic Regulation”. Metabomeeting 2014, London, UK, Sept 10-12 2014.

Shen K.-K., Rose S., Fripp J., McMahon K. L., de Zubicaray G. I., Martin N. G., Thompson P. M., Wright M. J., Salvado O. Heritability of white matter fibres based on fibre orientation distribution measurements on HARDI data. ISMRM, Milan, 4-9 May, 2014.

Yang Z, Zuo X-N, McMahon KL, Craddock RC, Kelly C, De Zubicaray GI, Hickey I, Castellanos FX, Milham MP, Wright MJ, Heritability of Intrinsic Connectivity Network Profiles in the Human Brain, OHBM. Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Poster

Alomair OI, Khan K, Smith M, Brereton IM, Galloway GJ, Kurniawan ND. Detection of demyelination of the sensory and motor cortex in a mild EAE mouse model using diffusion weighted MRI.22nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Milan, Italy, 2014

Alshammari QT, Galloway GJ, Strudwick MW, Strugnell W, Hamilton-Craig C. Comparison of Look-Locker and Modified Look-Locker sequences for T1 mapping in Hypertensive Heart Disease. 22nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Milan, Italy, 2014

Alshammari QT, Galloway GJ, Strudwick MW, Strugnell WE, and Hamilton-Craig C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Relaxometry: Assessment of reproducibility between Magnetic Resonance scanners at 1.5T. ISMRM, Session: Myocardial Tissue Characterization Poster.

Alshammari QT, Galloway GJ, Strudwick MW, Wang W, Ng A, Hamilton-Craig C. Early Detection of myocardial fibrosis by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry. World Congress of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia, May, 2014

Angwin A, Dissanayaka N, McMahon KL, Silburn P, Copland D. An event-related potential study of sentence processing in Parkinson’s disease. ICON, July, Brisbane 2014.

Baguisa S, Mostert AB, Hanson GR, Meredith P, Schenk G. Eumelanin as a Bioelectronic Material, Internatonal Symposium Catalytic Systems for Chemical Energy Conversion, 2014, P9, July, 23-25, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.

Baguisa S, Mostert AB, Hanson GR, Meredith P, Schenk G. “Eumelanin as a Bioelectronic Material”, 7th Asian Biological Inorganic Chemistry Conference, 2014, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, 30 November– 5 December, 2014.

Bennett T, Pei K, Cheng H, Thurecht K, Jack K & Blakey I. (2014). Extending the scope of poly(styrene)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) for directed self assembly. In Douglas J. Resnick, Christopher Bencher (Eds.), Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Alternative Lithographic Technologies VI, San Jose, United States. 24-27 February 2014

Bourne R, Power C, Chatterjee A, Cowin G, Kurniawan ND, Watson G. Distinctive water diffusion properties of epithelia may be the key to better cancer imaging techniques, Sydney Cancer Conference, 26th Nov, 2014. Published in; Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol 10, S51, 2014.

Boyacioglu R, Schulz J, Koopmans P, Barth M, Norris D. Improving sensitivity and specificity for resting state fMRI using multiband multi-echo EPI at 7T. ISMRM 2014, Milan, May 2014.

Braskie MN , Dennis EL, Eschenburg K, Hibar DP, Jahanshad N, Toga AW, Strike L, Montgomery GW, McMahon KL, De Zubicaray GI, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Thompson PM. Young adult carriers of CLU-C Alzheimer’s disease risk gene show lower synchronicity in the default mode functional network. OHBM. Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Charles N, Cowin G, Kurniawan ND, and Bourne R. Biexponential modeling of diffusion in stroma and epithelium of prostate tissue ISMRM 2014, Milan, May 2014.

De Zubicaray G, Johnson K, Howard D, McMahon KL. Thematic and categorical context effects in the spoken production of object names: A perfusion fMRI investigation. International Workshop on Language Production, Geneva, 2014.

De Zubicaray, G., Fraser, D., Johnson K., McMahon, K., Interference from related actions in spoken word production: an fMRI study. Society for Neurobiology of Language. Amsterdam, August 2014.

Dennis E, Hibar D, Jahanshad N, McMahon KL, De Zubicaray GI, Montgomery G, Martin NG, Toga AW, Wright MJ, Thompson PM. Gene-based Test of MACROD2 Reveals Associations with White Matter Integrity in Healthy Young Adults. OHBM. Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Dennis EL, Braskie M, Eschenburg K, Toga AW, Strike L, McMahon KL, De Zubicaray GI, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Thompson PM. Sex Differences in Functional Connectivity of the Executive Control Network. OHBM. Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Dey P, Olds W, Blakey I, Thurecht K, Izake E, Fredericks P. (2014). SERS-barcoded colloidal gold NP assemblies as imaging agents for use in biodiagnostics. In Anita

Mahadevan-Jansen, Wolfgang Petrich (Eds.), Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy VI: Advances in Research and Industry, San Francisco, CA United States. 1-2 February 2014.



Dovalil N, Westphal M, Gahan LR, Maeder M, Comba P, Hanson GR. “CO2 Fixation a Possible Biological Function for the Patellamide Family of Marine Cyclic Octapeptides? Insights from Model Systems”, 12th European Biological Inorganic Chemistry Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, August 24-28, 2014.

Dovalil N, Westphal M, Gahan LR, Maeder M, Comba P, Hanson GR. “Insights into CO2 Fixation, Global Warming and Healthy Coral Reefs”, CAI Bio Magnetic Resonance in Molecular Structure Symposium Scientific Program, Brisbane, Australia, June 25-26,2014.

Du J, Vegh V, and Reutens DC. Neuronal current MRI: the effect of neuronal oscillations, ISMRM, Milan, Italy, 10-16May 2014.

Fang Y, Wu B and Yang Z. (2014). Study on virtual liver surgery simulation system with real-time haptic feedback. In Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics, Robotics and Automation (ICMRA 2014), Zhuhai, China, (900-906). 8-9 March 2014.

Fazio N, Burianova H, Gray MA, Hocking J, Galloway G, Reutens D. Identification of pre-spike network in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. American Epilepsy Society, Seattle, USA, 5-9 December, 2014.

Han P, Thavaraj P, Gray MA, Roura E. Watching flavours and tasting images: a pilot fMRI study on pork meat sensory specific satiety. QAAFI’s annual research meeting. Brisbane, Australia, November 25-26, 2014.

Hansen, S., McMahon, K., de Zubicaray, G., fMRI evidence for monitoring and inhibition of inappropriate words during speech production. Australasian Experimental Psychological Society, Brisbane, 23-26 April 2014.

Hanson GR. Free Radicals and Metal Ions in Biology – What Can We Learn From EPR? Australian Society of Molecular Imaging Symposium, Brisbane, Australia, June 24-25, 2014.

Hibar DP, Jahanshad N, Leonardo C, van Haren N, Ophoff R, Turner J, van Erp T, McMahon KL, De Zubicaray GI, Martin NG, Medland SE, Wright MJ, Thompson PM. Cortical thickness reliability measures evaluated with a standardized protocol from the ENIGMA Consortium. OHBM. Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Horn M, Kurniawan ND, Keller MD, Brereton IM, and Galloway GJ Differentiating Microbleeds from Plaque in Alzheimers Disease. 22nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Milan, Italy, 2014

Jahanshad N, Kochunov P, Nichols TE, Sprooten E, Mandl RC, Almasy L, Brouwer RM, Curran JE, De Zubicaray GI, Dimitrova R, Fox PT, Hong LE, Landman BA, Lemaitre H, Luciano M, Martin NG, McMahon KL Mitchell BD, Olvera RL, Peterson CP, Sussmann JE, Toga AW, Wardlaw JM, Wright MJ, Wright SN, Bastin ME, McIntosh AM, Boomsma DI, Kahn RS, den Braber A, de Geus EJC, Deary IJ, Williamson D, Blangero J, Hulshoff Pol HE, van ’t Ent D, Glahn DC, Thompson PM. Using meta and mega analyses to find regional heritability estimates from 2203 scans -

from the ENIGMA-DTI working group. OHBM. Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Jahanshad N, Kochunov P, Nichols TE, Sprooten E, Mandl RC, Almasy L, Brouwer RM, Curran JE, De Zubicaray GI, Dimitrova R, Fox PT, Hong LE, Landman BA, Lemaitre H, Martin NG, McMahon KL, Mitchell BD, Olvera RL, Peterson CP, Sussmann JE, Toga AW, Wardlaw JM, Wright MJ, Wright SN, Bastin ME, McIntosh AM, Kahn RS, Deary IJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Williamson D, Blangero J, van ’t Ent D, Glahn DC, Thompson PM. Joint modeling of multi-site white matter heritability estimates through meta and mega analyses. International Imaging Genetics Conference. Irvine CA. January 20-21, 2014.

Jahanshad N, Kochunov P, Nichols TE, Sprooten E, Mandl RC, Almasy L, Brouwer RM, Curran JE, De Zubicaray GI, Dimitrova R, Duggirala R, Fox PT, Hong LE, Landman BA, Lemaitre H, Lopez L, Martin NG, McMahon KL, Mitchell BD, Olvera RL, Peterson CP, Starr JM, , Sussmann JE, Toga AW, Wardlaw JM, Wright MJ, Wright SN, Bastin ME, McIntosh AM, Boomsma DI, Kahn RS, den Braber A, de Geus EJC, Deary IJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Williamson D, Blangero J, van ’t Ent D, Glahn DC, Thompson PM. Combining meta- and mega- analytic approaches for multi-site diffusion imaging based genetic studies: from the ENIGMA-DTI working group. ISBI. Beijing, China, April 29 - May 2, 2014

Jahanshad N, McMahon KL, de Zubicaray GI, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA, Thompson PM. Wide-spread white matter associations with optic disc parameters. OHBM. Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Janke A, Lin A, Kurniawan ND, Ullmann JFP, Sullivan R, Webb R. Correlation of 16.4T mouse models with serial blockface and immunohistochemical imaging, ISMRM, Milan, Italy, 10-16 May 2014.

Jones CE, Russino D, Grosas AB, Hanson GR. “Tachykinin Neuropeptides and their Role in Copper Metabolism in the Brain”, 7th Asian Biological Inorganic Chemistry Conference, 2014, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, 30 November– 5 December, 2014.

Jones CE, Hanson GR, Semmens DC, Elphick MR. “Copper Binds to SALMFamide Neuropeptides and Promotes the Formation of Ternary Complexes: Relevance to Control of Feeding Behaviour in Starfish”, 7th Asian Biological Inorganic Chemistry Conference, 2014, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, 30 November– 5 December, 2014.

Hansen, S., McMahon, K., de Zubicaray, G., fMRI evidence for monitoring and inhibition of inappropriate words during speech production. Australasian Experimental Psychological Society, Brisbane, 2014.

Kochunov P, Jahanshad N, Peterson C, Sprooten E, Wright S, Nichols TE, Landman B, Hodgkinson CA, Goldman D, Williamson D, Hariri A, Hong E, Stein E, Yang Y, McMahon KL, De Zubicaray GI, Martin NG, Thompson PM, Wright MJ, Glahn DG and Blangero J. Replication of genetic associations for white matter in 2250 children and adults using Mega-Genetic Analysis and ENIGMA-DTI. OHBM, Hamburg, Germany, June 8 - 12, 2014.



Kouchunov P, Jahanshad N, Williams SE, Goldman, de Zubicaray G, McMahon KL, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Thompson PM and Glahn DG. Genetic distance within human populations and cerebral white matter microstructure: An Enigma-DTI study. OHBM. Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014

Kurniawan ND, Janke A, Wullimann MF, Reutens DC, and Ullmann JFP. High-resolution adult zebrafish brain model. ISMRM 2014, Milan, May 2014.

Markuerkiaga I, Barth M, and Norris D. Towards a vascular model of layer specific activation. ISMRM 2014, Milan, May 2014.

Norddin N, Charles N, Kurniawan ND, Cowin G, Gluch L, Power C, Watson G, Bourne R. Magnetic resonance microscopy of fixed breast tissue. ISMRM 2014, Milan, May 2014.

Pace RJ, Stranger R, Hanson GR. “Electronic Structure of the Oxygen Evolving Complex in Photosystem II, as revealed by 55Mn Davies ENDOR Studies at 2.5 K”, 7th Asian Biological Inorganic Chemistry Conference, 2014, 82, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, 30 November– 5 December, 2014.

Pedler A, Cowin G, Durbridge G, McMahon KL, Elliott J, Galloway G, Sterling M. Assessment of neurometabolites in the spinal cord of patients with whiplash. Australian Pain Society. 13-16 April, Hobart, 2014.

Poser BA, Ivanov D, Kannengiesser SA, Uludag K, Barth M. CAIPIRINHA-accelerated 3D EPI for high temporal and/or spatial resolution EPI acquisitions. ISMRM 2014, Milan, May 2014.

Rawlings A, McMahon K, MacDonald A, Finch E, Silburn P, Laine M, Nathan P, Copland D. L-dopa modulates frontostriatal signalling during encoding of new unfamiliar picture-pseudoword pairings. Society for Neurobiology of Language. Amsterdam, August 2014.

Ries S, De Zubicaray GI, Fraser D, McMahon KL. An electrophysiological investigation of the distractor frequency effect in picture-word interference. Society for Neurobiology of Language. Amsterdam, August 2014.

Rinker DA, Hibar DP, Jahanshad N, McMahon KL, de Zubicaray GI, Montgomery G, Martin NG, Wright MJ, the ADNI, Thompson PM. Multiple sclerosis risk gene associations with white matter integrity at 4 Tesla. OHBM. Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

Schirra HJ, Ebert PR. Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase - A Core Metabolic Enzyme, Responsible for Phosphine Resistance and Fundamental Metabolic Regulation. Metabomeeting 2014, London, UK.

Suárez R, Morcom L, Kurniawan ND & Richards LJ. Axons forming the anterior commissure of marsupials are spatially segregated according to their place of origin. Cortical Development Meeting, Greece 2014

Veith H, McMahon K, de Zubicaray G., Lexical interference from object part-relations in spoken word production. Australasian Experimental Psychological Society, Brisbane, 2014.

Warstadt NM, Jahanshad N, Dennis E, Kohannim O, McMahon KL, de Zubicaray G, Montgomery GW, Henders AK, Martin NG, Whitfield JS, Wright M, Thompson P. Identifying Candidate Gene Effects by Restricting Search Space in a Multivariate Genetic Analysis of White Matter Microstructure. ISBI. Beijing, China, April 29 - May 2, 2014

Yetim O, Meinzer M, McMahon K, & de Zubicaray G. Brain mechanisms of semantic interference in spoken word production: An anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (atDCS) study. Society for Neurobiology of Language, Amsterdam, 27-29 August, 2014.

Zierep PF, Baguisa S, Mostert AB, Hanson GR. “EPR Investigations of Solid State Eumelanin Doped with Various Quantities of Cu(II)”, 7th Asian Biological Inorganic Chemistry Conference, 2014, 114 Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, 30 November– 5 December, 2014.


PUBLICATIONS

Book ChaptersBrown, G. (2014). MRI safety standards and guidelines in Australia. In Frank G. Shellock and John V. Crues (Ed.), MRI bioeffects, safety, and patient management (pp. 600-630) Los Angeles, United States: Biomedical Research Publishing Group.

Roberts, M.J., Schirra, H. J., Lavin, M.F. and Gardiner, R.A. (2014). NMR-based metabolomics: global analysis of metabolites to address problems in prostate cancer. In iConcept Press (Ed.), Breast, cervical and prostate cancer (pp. 1-43) Tokwawan, Kowloon, Hong Kong: iConcept Press.

Zhan, L., Nie, Z., Ye, J., Wang, Y., Jin, Y., Jahanshad, N. et al. (2014) Multiple stages classification of Alzheimer’s disease based on structural brain networks using generalized low rank approximations (GLRAM). In Lauren O’Donnell, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Yogesh Rathi, Marco Reisert, Torben Schneider (Eds.), Computational diffusion MRI: MICCAI Workshop, Boston, MA, USA, September 2014 (pp. 35-44). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

Journal ArticlesAl Abdulla, W. A., Hill, D.J.T. and Whittaker, A. K. (2014) Photodegradation of some low-density polyethylene-montmorillonite nanocomposites containing an oligomeric compatibilizer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131 18: 9423-9431. doi:10.1002/app.40788

Al-Janabi, S., Nickels, L. A., Sowman, P. F., Burianová, H., Merrett, D. L. and Thompson, W. F. (2014) Augmenting melodic intonation therapy with non-invasive brain stimulation to treat impaired left-hemisphere function: two case studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 5 FEB: 37.1-37.12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00037

Alomair, O. I., Smith, Maree T., Brereton, I. M., Galloway, G. J. and Kurniawan, N. D. (2014) Current developments in MRI for assessing rodent models of multiple sclerosis. Future Neurology, 9 4: 487-511. doi:10.2217/FNL.14.33

Ardana, A., Whittaker, A., McMillan, N. and Thurecht, K. (2014) Polymeric siRNA delivery vectors: knocking down cancers with polymeric-based gene delivery systems. Journal of Chemical Technology andBiotechnology

Barbante, G.J., Kebede, N., Hindson, C.M., Doeven, E.H., Zammit, E.M., Hanson, G. R., Hogan, C.F. and Francis, P.S. (2014) Control of excitation and quenching in mixed electrogenerated chemiluminescence systems through choice of co-reactant. Chemistry: A European Journal, 20 43: 14026-14031. doi:10.1002/chem.201403767

Bende, N.S., Dziemborowicz, S., Mobli, M., Herzig, V., Gilchrist, J., Wagner, J., Nicholson, G.M., King, G.F and Bosmans, F. (2014) A distinct sodium channel voltage-sensor locus determines insect selectivity of the spider toxin Dc1a. Nature Communications, 5. doi:10.1038/ncomms5350

Benjamin, C.F.A., Saling, M.M., Wood, A.G and Reutens, D. C. (2014) Elemental spatial and temporal association formation in left temporal lobe epilepsy. PLoS ONE, 9 6: e100891.1-e100891.10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100891

Bennett, T.M., Pei, K., Cheng, H-H., Thurecht, K. J., Jack, K.S. and Blakey, I. (2014) Can ionic liquid additives be used to extend the scope of poly(styrene)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) for directed self-assembly?. Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS and MOEMS, 13 3: 031304.1-031304.9. doi:10.1117/1.JMM.13.3.031304

Bhalla, R., Darby, C., Levason, W., Luthra, S.K., McRobbie, G.,

Reid, G., Sanderson, G. and Zhang, W. (2014) Triaza-macrocyclic complexes of aluminium, gallium and indium halides: fast 18F and 19F incorporation via halide exchange under mild conditions in aqueous solution. Chemical Science, 5 1: 381-391. doi:10.1039/C3SC52104D

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O’Leary, C.J., Bradford, D., Chen, M., White, A., Blackmore, D.G. and Cooper, H.M. (2014) The Netrin/RGM receptor, neogenin, controls adult neurogenesis by promoting neuroblast migration and cell cycle exit. Stem Cells. doi:10.1002/stem.1861

Ooi, H., Cooper, S., Huang, C., Jennins, D., Chung, E., Maeji, N. and Whittaker A. (2014) Coordination complexes as molecular glue for immobilization of antibodies on cyclic olefin copolymer surfaces. Analytical Biochemistry, 456(1): 6-13

Ooi, H., Peng, H., Jack, K. and Whittaker, A. (2014) Understanding the diffusion of dextrans in ‘Click’ PNIPAAm hydrogels. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 67(1): 85-92

Othman, D.S., Schirra, H. J., McEwan, A.G. and Kappler, U. (2014) Metabolic versatility in Haemophilus influenzae: a metabolomic and genomic analysis. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5 MAR: 69.1-69.10. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00069

Oughton, J.A., Rose, S., Galloway, G., Khoo, S.K., O’Neill, S. and Coulthard, A. (2014) Carotid ultrasound pulsatility indices and cardiovascular risk in Australian women. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. doi:10.1111/1754-9485.12250

Pearce, A.K., Rolfe, B.E., Russell, P.J., Tse, B.W.-C., Whittaker, A.K., Fuchs, A.V. and Thurecht, K.J. (2014) Development of a polymer theranostic for prostate cancer. Polymer Chemistry. doi:10.1039/C4PY00999A

Pierens, G. (2014) 1H and 13C NMR scaling factors for the calculation of chemical shifts in commonly used solvents using density functional theory. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 35(18): 1388-1394

Pierens, G.K., Venkatachalam, T.K. and Reutens, D. (2014) A comparative study between para-aminophenyl and ortho-aminophenyl benzothiazoles using NMR and DFT calculations. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 52 8: 453-459. doi:10.1002/mrc.4088

Pineda, S.S., Sollod, B.L., Wilson, D., Darling, A., Sunagar, K., Undheim, E.A.B., Kely, L., Antunes, A., Fry, B.G. and King, G.F (2014) Diversification of a single ancestral gene into a successful toxin superfamily in highly venomous Australian funnel-web spiders. BMC Genomics, 15 1: 177.1-177.16. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-177

Poil, S.-S., Bollmann, S., Ghisleni, C., O’Gorman, R. L., Klaver, P., Ball, J., Eich-Hoechli, D., Brandeis, D. and Michels, L. (2014) Age dependent electroencephalographic changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinical Neurophysiology, 125 8: 1626-1638. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.118

Prasad, G., Joshi, S.H., Jahanshad, N., Villalon-Reina, J., Aganj, I., Lenglet, C, Guillermo S., McMahon, K.L., de Zubicaray, G.I., Martin, N.G., Wright, M.J., Toga, A.W. and Thompson, P.M. (2014) Automatic clustering and population analysis of white matter tracts using maximum density paths. NeuroImage, 97 284-295. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.033

Protchenko, A.V., Dange, D., Harmer, J. R., Tang, C.Y., Schwarz, A.D., Kelly, M.J., Phillips, N., Tirfoin, R., Birjkumar, K.H., Jones, C., Kaltsoyannis, N., Mountford, P. and Aldridge, S. (2014) Stable GaX2, InX2 and TlX2 radicals. Nature Chemistry, 6 4: 315-319. doi:10.1038/nchem.1870

Puttick, S., Boase, N. R. B., Blakey, I. and Thurecht, K. J. (2014) Imaging tumour distribution of a polymeric drug delivery platform in vivo by PET-MRI. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. doi:10.1002/jctb.4489


Qiu, J., Lai, A., Gray, E., Li, S., Qiu, S., Strounina, E. Sun C., Zhao H. and Zhang S. (2014) Blue hydrogenated lithium titanate as a high-rate anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(18): 6353-6358

Rentera, M. E., Hansell, N. K., Strike, L. T., McMahon, K. L., de Zubicaray, G. I., Hickie, I.B., Thompson, P. M., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E. and Wright, M. J. (2014) Genetic architecture of subcortical brain regions: common and region-specific genetic contributions. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 13 8: 821-830. doi:10.1111/gbb.12177

Richards, K., Calamante, F., Tournier, J.-D., Kurniawan, N. D., Sadeghian, F., Retchford, A.R., Jones, G. Davis, Reid, C.A., Reutens, D.C., Ordidge, R., Connelly, A. and Petrou, S. (2014) Mapping somatosensory connectivity in adult mice using diffusion MRI tractography and super-resolution track density imaging. NeuroImage, 102 2: 381-392. doi:10.1016/j. neuroimage.2014.07.048

Rolfe, B.E., Blakey, I., Squires, O., Peng, H., Boase, N.R. B., Alexander, C., Parsons, P.G., Boyle, G.M., Whittaker, A.K. and Thurecht, K.J. (2014) Multimodal polymer nanoparticles with combined 19F magnetic resonance and optical detection for tunable, targeted, multimodal imaging in vivo. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136 6: 2413-2419. doi:10.1021/ja410351h

Rosa, M., Portugal, L., Hahn, T., Fallgatter, A., Garrido, M., Shawe-Taylor, J. and Mourao-Miranda J (2015) Sparse networkbased models for patient classification using fMRI. NeuroImage, 105: 493-506

Roussotte, F.F., Jahanshad, N., Hibar, D.P., Sowell, E.R., Kohannim, O., Barysheva, M., Hansell, N.K., McMahon, K. L., de Zubicaray, G. I., Montgomery, G.W., Martin, N.G., Wright, M.J., Toga, A.W., Jack Jr, C.R., Weiner, M.W., Thompson, P. M. and ADNI (2014) A commonly carried genetic variant in the delta opioid receptor gene, OPRD1, is associated with smaller regional brain volumes: replication in elderly and young populations. Human Brain Mapping, 35 4: 1226-1236. doi:10.1002/hbm.22247

Roxbury, T., McMahon, K. and Copland, D.A. (2014) An fMRI study of concreteness effects in spoken word recognition. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 10 34.1-34.14. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-10-34

Santander-Borrego, M., Green, D.W., Chirila, T.V., Whittaker, A. K. and Blakey, I. (2014) Click functionalization of methacrylate-based hydrogels and their cellular response. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 52 13: 1781-1789. doi:10.1002/pola.27183

Schroeder, C. I., Rash, L.D., Vila-Farrés, X., Rosengren, K.J., Mobli, M., King, G.F., Alewood, P.F., Craik, D.J. and Durek, T. (2014) Chemical synthesis, 3D structure and ASIC binding site of mambalgin-2. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53 4: 1017-1020. doi:10.1002/anie.201308898

Shan, Z. Y., Leiker, A.J., Onar-Thomas, A., Li, Y., Feng, T., Reddick, W.E., Reutens, D. C. and Shulkin, B.L. (2014) Cerebral glucose metabolism on positron emission tomography of children. Human Brain Mapping, 35 5: 2297-2309. doi:10.1002/hbm.22328

Shan, Z.Y., Wright, M.J., Thompson, P. M., McMahon, K.L., Blokland, G.G.A.M., de Zubicaray, G.I., Martin, N.G., Vinkhuyzen, A.A.E. and Reutens, D.C. (2014) Modeling of the hemodynamic responses in block design fMRI studies. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 34 2: 316-324. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2013.200

Shehzad, Z., Kelly, C., Reiss, P.T., Craddock, R. C., Emerson, J.W., McMahon, K., Copland, D.A., Castellanos, F.X. and Milham, M.P. (2014) A multivariate distance-based analytic framework for connectome-wide association studies. NeuroImage, 93 P1: 74-94. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.024

Shen, K-K., Rose, S., Fripp, J., McMahon, K.L., de Zubicaray, G.I., Martin, N.G., Thompson, P.M., Wright, M.J. and Salvado, O. (2014) Investigating brain connectivity heritability in a twin study using diffusion imaging data. NeuroImage, 100 628-641. doi:10.1016/j.n euroimage.2014.06.041

Skouras, S., Gray, M., Critchley, H. and Koelsch, S. (2014) Superficial amygdala and hippocampal activity during affective music listening observed at 3 T but not 1.5 T fMRI. NeuroImage, 101: 364-369

Slattery, D., Alamd, C., Durbridge, G. and Cowin, G. (2014) The connective tissue and ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint: a review and investigation using ultra-high field 16.4 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Hand Surgery: European Volume, 39 4: 398-404. doi:10.1177/1753193413496949

Song, J., Yu, Q., Liu, F. and Turner, I. (2014) A spatially second-order accurate implicit numerical method for the space and time fractional Bloch-Torrey equation. Numerical Algorithms, 66 4: 911-932. doi:10.1007/s11075-013-9768-x

Staeb, D., Wech, T., Breuer, F.A., Weng, A.M., Ritter, C.O., Hahn, D. and Koestler, H. (2014) High resolution myocardial first-pass perfusion imaging with extended anatomic coverage. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 39 6: 1575-1587. doi:10.1002/jmri.24303

Stewart, A.M ., Ullmann, J.F.P., Norton, W.H.J., Parker, M.O., Brennan, C.H., Gerlai, R. and Kalueff, A.V. (2014) Molecular Psychiatry of zebrafish. Molecular Psychiatry, 1-16. doi:10.1038/mp.2014.128

Sunagar, K., Undheim, E.A.B., Scheib, H., Gren, E.C.K., Cochran, C., Person, C.E., Koludarov, I., Kelln, W., Hayes, W.K., King, G.F., Antunes, A. and Fry, B.G. (2014) Intraspecific venom variation in the medically significant Southern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus helleri): biodiscovery, clinical and evolutionary implications. Journal of Proteomics, 99 68-83. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.013

Thompson PM, Stein JL, Medland SE, Hibar DP, Vasquez AA et al.; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, EPIGEN Consortium, IMAGEN Consortium, Saguenay Youth Study (SYS) Group. (2014) The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 8 2: 153-182. doi:10.1007/s11682-013-9269-5

Tondreau, A.M., Benkõ, Z., Harmer, J.R. and Grützmacher, H. (2014) Sodium phosphaethynolate, Na(OCP), as a “P” transfer reagent for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene supported P3 and PAsP radicals. Chemical Science, 5 4: 1545-1554. doi:10.1039/C3SC53140F

Ullmann, J.F.P., Janke, A.L., Reutens, D. and Watson, C. (2014) Development of MRI-based atlases of non-human brains. Journal of Comparative Neurology. doi:10.1002/cne.23678

Undheim, E., Jones, A., Clauser, K., Holland, J., Pineda Gonzalez, S., King, G. and Fry BG. (2014) Clawing through evolution: toxin diversification and convergence in the ancient lineage Chilopoda (Centipedes). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 31(8): 2124-2148

Undheim, E.A.B., Sunagar, K., Hamilton, B.R., Jones, A., Venter, D.J., Fry, B.G. and King, G.F. (2014) Multifunctional warheads: diversification of the toxin arsenal of centipedes via novel multidomain transcripts. Journal of Proteomics, 102 1-10. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.024

Van Doorslaer, S., Trandafir, F., Harmer, J.R., Moens, L. and Dewilde, S. (2014) EPR analysis of cyanide complexes of wild-type human neuroglobin and mutants in comparison to horse heart myoglobin. Biophysical Chemistry, 190-191 8-16. doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2014.03.007


Vanhatalo, S., Alnajjar, A., Nguyen, V. Colditz, P. & Fransson, P. (2014) Safety of EEG-fMRI recordings in newborn infants at 3T: a study using a baby-size phantom. Clinical Neurophysiology, 125(5): 941-946

van Hees, S., McMahon, K., Angwin, A., de Zubicaray, G. and Copland, D.A. (2014) Neural activity associated with semantic versus phonological anomia treatments in aphasia. Brain and Language, 129 1: 47-57. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2013.12.004

van Hees, S., McMahon, K., Angwin, A., de Zubicaray, G., Read, S. and Copland, D.A. (2014) A functional MRI study of the relationship between naming treatment outcomes and resting state functional connectivity in post-stroke aphasia. Human Brain Mapping, 35 8: 3919-3931. doi:10.1002/hbm.22448

van Hees, S., McMahon, K., Angwin, A., de Zubicaray, G., Read, S. and Copland, D.A. (2014) Changes in white matter connectivity following therapy for anomia post-stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 28 4: 325-334. doi:10.1177/1545968313508654

Venkatachalam, T.K., Pierens, G.K. and Reutens, D.C. (2014) Synthesis, NMR structural characterization and molecular modeling of substituted thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones using DFT calculations to prove the syn/anti isomer formation. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 52 3: 98-105. doi:10.1002/mrc.4041

Venkatachalam, T.K., Stimson, D.H.R., Bhalla, R., Pierens, G.K. and Reutens, D.C. (2014) Synthesis, characterization and 11C radiolabeling of aminophenyl benzothiazoles: structural effects on the alkylation of amino group. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, 57 9: 566-573. doi:10.1002/jlcr.3216

Vieth, H. E., McMahon, K.L. and de Zubicaray, G.I. (2014) Feature overlap slows lexical selection: evidence from the picture-word interference paradigm. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67 12: 2325-2339.

Wang, D.K., Varanasi, S., Strounina, E., Hill, D.J.T., Symons, A.L., Whittaker, A.K. and Rasoul, F. (2014) Synthesis and characterization of a novel POSS-PEG macromonomer and POSS-PEG-PLA hydrogels for periodontal applications. Biomacromolecules, 15 2: 666-679. doi:10.1021/bm401728p

Wang, G., MacRaild, C.A., Mohanty, B., Mobli, M., Cowieson, N.P., Anders, R.F., Simpson, J.S., McGowan, S., Norton, Raymond S. and Scanlon, M.J. (2014) Molecular insights into the interaction between plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 and an invasion-inhibitory peptide. PLoS ONE, 9 10: 1-12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109674

Wang, K., Peng, H., Thurecht, K.J., Puttick, S. and Whittaker, A.K. (2014) Biodegradable core crosslinked star polymer

nanoparticles as 19F MRI contrast agents for selective imaging. Polymer Chemistry, 5 5: 1760-1771. doi:10.1039/c3py01311a

Wang, W-H, Reutens, D.C., Yang, Z, Nguyen, G and Vegh V. (2014) Modified human contrast sensitivity function based phase mask for susceptibility-weighted imaging. NeuroImage: Clinical, 4 765-778. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.04.012

Warstadt, N.M., Dennis, E.L., Jahanshad, N., Kohannim, O., Nir, T.M., McMahon, K.L., de Zubicaray, G. I., Montgomery, G.W., Henders, A.K., Martin, N.G., Whitfield, J.B., Jack, C.R. Jr., Bernstein, M. A., Weiner, M.W., Toga, A.W., Wright, M.J., Thompson, P.M. for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (2014) Serum cholesterol and variant in cholesterol-related gene CETP predict white matter microstructure. Neurobiology of Aging, 35 11: 2504-2513. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.024

Xie, F., Flanagan, B.M., Li, M., Sangwan, P., Truss, R.W., Halley, P.J., Strounina, E.V., Whittaker, A.K., Gidley, M.J., Dean, K.M., Shamshina, J.L., Rogers, R.D. and McNally, T. (2014) Characteristics of starch-based films plasticised by glycerol and by the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate: a comparative study. Carbohydrate Polymers, 111 841-848. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.058

Yan, K., Li, H., Wang, X., Yi, C., Zhang, Q., Xu, Z., Xu, H. and Whittaker, A.K. (2014) Self-assembled magnetic luminescent hybrid micelles containing rare earth Eu for dual-modality MR and optical imaging. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2(5): 546-555

Yu Q., Liu F., Turner I. and Burrage K. (2014) Numerical simulation of the fractional Bloch equations. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 255 635-651. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2013.06.027

Zhang, C., Peng, H. & Whittaker, A. (2014) NMR investigation of effect of dissolved salts on the thermoresponsive behavior of oligo(ethylene glycol)-methacrylate-based polymers. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 52(16): 2375-2385

Zhang, X, Lei, X, Wu, T and Jiang, T. (2014) A review of EEG and MEG for brainnetome research. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 8 2: 87-98. doi:10.1007/s11571-013-9274-9

Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, J., Wu, X., Zhang, Y., Feng, H., Wang, J. and Jiang, T. (2014) Cortical gyrification reductions and subcortical atrophy in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 29 1: 122-126. doi:10.1002/mds.25680

Zoellner, F.G., Zimmer, F., Klotz, S., Hoeger, S.E and Schad, L. R. (2014) Renal perfusion in acute kidney injury with DCE-MRI: Deconvolution analysis versus two-compartment filtration model. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 32 6: 781-785. doi:10.1016/j.mri.2014.02.014


Director

Prof David Reutens

Director Research and Technology

Prof Ian Brereton

Deputy Director, Operations

Mrs Rebecca Osborne

Administrative Officers

Mrs Lesley GreenMs Bridget Waugh

Student and Research Administrative Officers

Mrs Sandrine Kingston-Ducrot (until Sept)Ms Anna CotroneoMs Krystie McGregor (from Sept)

Human Resources Officer

Ms Sheree Manning (until June)Ms Aowei Campanu (from June)

Finance Managers

Mrs Nancy Eluigwe Mr Charles Topp

Information Technology Managers

Mr Alan Hockings Mr David Butler

Software Developers

Mr Carlo HamalainenMr Harald Waxenegger

Infrastructure and Operations Manager

Mr Alan Pringle

Engineers

Mr Antony KingMr Donald Maillet

Occupational Health & Safety Manager

Dr Simon Nevin

Scientific Writer

Dr Shona Osborne

Radiographer

Mrs Anita Burns

Facility Managers

Mr Aiman Al NajjarDr Nyoman KurniawanMs Lynette Lambert (until July)Dr Karine MardonDr Chris NobleDr Greg PierensMr Damion StimsonDr Ekaterina Strounina

National Imaging Facility Administration

Dr Annie ChenDr Michelle McCleary

Professorial Research Fellow

Prof Graham GallowayProf Graeme HansonProf Andrew WhittakerProf Tianzi Jiang

Associate Professor

Assoc Prof Idriss BlakeyAssoc Prof Katie McMahonAssoc Prof Rajiv BhallaAssoc Prof Markus Barth (from February)

ARC Future Fellows

Dr Jeffrey HarmerDr Mohammadmehdi MobliDr Kristofer Thurecht

Affiliate Professor

Prof Stuart Crozier

Honorary Professor

Prof Pamela Russell

Adjunct Appointments

Assoc Prof William YangAssoc Prof Simon BensonAssoc Prof Christian Hamilton-CraigDr Anronld NgDr Paul CassidyDr Keiran O’ BrienDr Randall Moldrich

Dr Irina Kharatishvili

Senior Research Fellows

Dr Gary CowinDr Marcus GrayDr Andrew JankeDr Zuyao ShanDr Quang Tieng

Lecturer

Ms Gail Durbridge

Research Fellows

Dr Hana Burianová Dr Marta Garrido (from August)Dr Horst SchirraDr Yasvir TesiramDr Viktor VeghDr Taracad Venkatachalam

Honorary Research Fellows

Dr Christine GuoDr Chuanmei You

Postdoctoral Research Fellows

Dr Craig Bell (from June)Dr Steffen Bollmann (from October)Dr Simone Bosshard Dr Min ChenDr Zach Houston Dr Lars Marstaller (from April)Dr Daniel Staeb (from September)Dr Jeremy UllmannDr Eivind UndheimDr Michael VogelDr Qiang Yu Dr Fabian Zimmer (from October)

Affiliate Research Fellow

Dr Zengyi Yang

Research Officers

Mr Nick Fletcher

Research Assistants

Mrs Kimberley IrwinMr Sam Fynes-Clinton (from August)Mr Ben Lewis (from August)

STAFF


RESEARCH HIGHER DEGREE STUDENTS

Australian Instiute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology

Aditya ArdanaThomas BennettNathan BoaseLewis ChambersAo ChenLiyu ChenWanli FuAnna GemmellStephen GoodallFelicity (Yaquin) HanZhen JiangSharon LinChunli LiuYiming MaShehzahdi MoonshiAmanda PearceSamuel RichardsonKye Jakob RobinsonMiriem Santander BorregoKewei Wang Yongmei ZhaoCheng ZhangJing Zhang

Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences/Qld Alliance Agric &Fd Innov

Pengfei Han

Institute for Molecular Bioscience

Ingrid EdwardsHo Yee Lau

Sassan Rahnama

Pharmacy

Othman Al Omair

Psychology

Baptiste Couvy-DuchesneBen SinclairLachlan Strike

School of Biomedical Sciences

Jing Zhang

School of Biological Sciences

Saad Alzahrani

School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology

Simone Bosch*Qianyun DuPeter LavrencicShermiyah ReineckerMohammad Ullah

School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences

Rebecca BanneyMegan IsaacsAlicia RawlingsTracy RoxburyGeorgia ThomasSophia Van Hees

School of Mathematics and Physics

Hien Duy Nguyen

School of Medicine

Qurain AlshammariGail DurbridgeOyetunde GbadeyanTsao Henry Daniel (Liang-Dar) HwangJarad MartinKerstin PannekMatthew Roberts

Queensland Brain Institute

Ahmad AlghamdiSami AlghamdiAbdullah AsiriGregory BrownJeiran ChoupanIlvana DzaficJiaxin DuNahla FaizoNicholas FletcherReuben Pellicer GuridiCirong LiuAnne MaalloAndrew MartinTruong Gang NguyenThu Van NguyenVenkatraman RamanujamFarshid SepehrbandSurabhi SoodTong WuRebecca WilliamsXianfengYang

University of Heidelberg

Markus Roessler

Centre staff co-supervised the following RHD students in 2014, organised by enrolling unit:

* Joint enrolment with the University of Heidelberg

Centre for Advanced ImagingBuilding 57The University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD 4072AUSTRALIA

www.cai.uq.edu.au+61 7 3365 4100

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2014 Annual Report - University of Queensland · CAI ANNUAL REPORT 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS...

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