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CERAMICS
MSE 1161
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ACCESS FOR CONSULTATIONS
1. Email: [email protected]
2. Telephone:a) cell phone: 0905-270-0330b) landlines: 8372071 local 2203 (O)
529-6860 (H)
3. Office address:
Materials Science DivisionIndustrial Technology Development Institute
Department of Science and TechnologyBicutan, Taguig, M.M.
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COURSE E VALUATION
long 25% Midterms 25%
Finals 25%
Quizzes 10%
reports 10%
Others 5%
(term papers, portfolio, etc)
Total 100%
Standing Gradebelow 70 5
70-below 73 3
73-below 76 2.75
76-below 79 2.5
79-below 82 2.2582-below 85 2
85-below 88 1.75
88-below 91 1.5
91-below 94 1.25
Above 94 1
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COURSE E VALUATION
long exams 40% Finals 25%
Quizzes 20%
reports 10%
Others 5%
(term papers, portfolio, etc)
Total 100%
Standing Gradebelow 60 5
60-below 65 3
66-below 76 2.75
76-below 79 2.5
79-below 82 2.25
82-below 85 2
85-below 88 1.75
88-below 91 1.5
91-below 94 1.25
Above 94 1
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R EFERENCES Introduction to Ceramics by W.D. Kingery, H. K.
Bowen and D. R. Uhlman
Modern Ceramic Engineering by D. W. Richerson
The Chemistry of Ceramics by H. Yanagida, K.Koumoto and M. Miyayama
Principles of Ceramic Processing by J. S. Reed
Introduction to Fine Ceramics by N. Ichinoso
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OVERVIEWDerive from the Greek keramos
meaning “a potter” or “a pottery”
This Greek word is related to an older
Sankrit root meaning “ to burn”Primary meaning was “burnt stuff” and
“burned earth”
Refer to the art or technique ofproducing articles of pottery
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Product obtained through the actionof fire upon earthy materials
In recent years increasing interest in
ceramics made from highly refinednatural or synthetic compositionswith special properties
Non-metallic, inorganic solid
materials produced by thermaltreatment
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Ceramics / Introduction
• keramikos - burnt stuff in Greek → desirable properties of
ceramics are normally achieved through a high-temperature
heat treatment process ( firing).• Usually a compound between metallic and non-metallic
elements.
• Always composed of more than one element (e.g.,Al2O3,
NaCl, SiC, SiO2)
• Bonds are partially or totally ionic, and can have ionic andcovalent bonding
• Ceramics are typically characterized as possessing a high
melting temperature (i.e., “refractory”),
• Generally hard and brittle
• Generally electrical and thermal insulators (exceptions:
graphite, diamond, AlN… and others)
• Can be optically opaque, semi-transparent, or transparent
• Traditional ceramics – based on clay (china, bricks, tiles,
porcelain), glasses.• New ceramics for electronic, computer, aerospace industries.
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covalent
metallic
secondary
ionicceramics
polymers
metals
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CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS
• Traditional ceramics/conventional
– Clay based products
• Structural ceramics/fine ceramics
– Used for their mechanical properties• Functional ceramics/advanced
– Used for other properties than mechanical strength,
i.e.
electrical, optical, magnetic properties
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CERAMICS
In 1974, the U.S.
market for the ceramic
industry was estimated
at $20
million. Today, the
U.S. market isestimated to be $ 35B
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Why study ceramic materials?
– Very “traditional” (crude civil engineering
material)
– BUT also new high-tech ceramics and
applications.
• Optical (transparency) opto-electronic.
• Electronic (piezoelectrics, sensors,
superconductors)
• Thermo-mechanical (engine materials)
• Cutting tools
Courtesy of NTK
Technical Ceramics
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TRADITIONAL CERAMICS Wares or products made from from naturally occurring
materials
Pottery
Whiteware
Structural products
Refractories
Enamels
Glass
Cement.Lime and Plaster
Abrasives
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ADVANCED CERAMICS Wares or products from highly refined natural or
synthetic materials
Key components in high technology fields:computers,electronics, optical communication,cutting
tools, metal forming dies, wear resistant parts, hightemperature reactors, high temperature engine parts,medical implants and many other special purposeapplications
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Classify by function
Electric, electronic
Magnetic
Optical
Chemical
Thermal
Mechanical
Biological
Nuclear
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MATERIALSCharacteristics
High heat capacity
Low heat conductance
Corrosion resistance
Electrically insulating, semiconducting orsuperconducting
Nonmagnetic and magnetic Hard, strong but brittle
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Compounds of metallic and
nonmetallic elements
non metallic elements
oxygen (oxides)
carbon (carbides)
nitrogen (nitrides)
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Diversity in the characteristicsdue to bonding and crystalstructures
Atomic bonding Ionic
Covalent
Ionic and covalent
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Structures
Crystalline: atoms are arranged in a
very regular repeating patternAmorphous: lacks systematic and
regular arrangements of atoms
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Crystalline structure Silicate (SiO4) – 2
AX
Rock salt structureCesium Chloride structure
Zinc Blende structure
Diamond cubic structure
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Raw Materials
Silicate
Oxide Non-Oxide
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Silicate
Clay Feldspar
Oxide
Alumina Zirconia
Quartz /Silica
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Calcium Phosphate
Zinc oxide Limestone
Gypsum
Plaster of Paris
Non-oxide Silicon carbide
Silicon nitride
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APPLICATIONS Traditional ceramics
Dinnerware
Tiles
Bricks
Sanitary ware Insulators
Construction materials: concrete
Porcelain crucible
Decorative ceramics: vases, terra cotta,artware
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Advanced ceramics
Ceramic magnets (ferrites)
Piezoelectric (PZT)
Capacitors
Substrates
Bioceramics
Sensors
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TRADITIONAL CERAMICS Wares or products made from from naturally occurring
materials
Pottery
Whiteware
Structural products
Refractories
Enamels
Glass
Cement.Lime and Plaster
Abrasives
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ADVANCED CERAMICS Wares or products from highly refined natural or
synthetic materials
Key components in high technology fields:computers,electronics, optical communication,cutting
tools, metal forming dies, wear resistant parts, hightemperature reactors, high temperature engine parts,medical implants and many other special purposeapplications
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Classify by function
Electric, electronic
Magnetic
Optical
Chemical
Thermal
Mechanical
Biological
Nuclear
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MATERIALSCharacteristics
High heat capacity
Low heat conductance
Corrosion resistance
Electrically insulating, semiconducting orsuperconducting
Nonmagnetic and magnetic
Hard, strong but brittle
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Compounds of metallic and
nonmetallic elements
non metallic elementsoxygen (oxides)
carbon (carbides)
nitrogen (nitrides)
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Diversity in the characteristics dueto bonding and crystal structures
Atomic bonding
Ionic
Covalent
Ionic and covalent
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Structures
Crystalline: atoms are arranged
in a very regular repeatingpattern
Amorphous: lacks systematicand regular arrangements ofatoms
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Crystalline structure
Silicate (SiO4) – 2
AX
Rock salt structure
Cesium Chloride structure
Zinc Blende structure
Diamond cubic structure
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Raw Materials
Silicate
Oxide Non-Oxide
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Silicate
Clay
Feldspar
Oxide
Alumina
Zirconia
Quartz /Silica
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Calcium Phosphate
Zinc oxide
Limestone
Gypsum Plaster of Paris
Non-oxide
Silicon carbide Silicon nitride
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APPLICATIONS Traditional ceramics
Dinnerware
Tiles
Bricks
Sanitary ware Insulators
Construction materials: concrete
Porcelain crucible
Decorative ceramics: vases, terra cotta,artware
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Advanced ceramics
Ceramic magnets (ferrites)
Piezoelectric (PZT)
Capacitors
Substrates
Bioceramics
Sensors
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SEE YOU NEXT MEETING