2014 United Nations E-Government Survey-- Lessons and Policy Implications for Ghana

2014 UN E-Government SurveyLessons and Policy Implications for Ghana

FRANKL IN Z IGGAHM P A [ E - G O V E R N M E N T & E - P O L I C Y ]

S U N K Y U N K W A N U N I V E R S I T Y

G R A D U A T E S C H O O L O F G O V E R N A N C E

Content

PART ONE (Overview of the Survey Report)

PART TWO (Global Highlights and Africa)

PART THREE (Highlights on Ghana)

PART FOUR (Lessons and Policy Implications)

UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA

Part OneOverview of the Survey


E-Government as an enabler for Government Transformation

We recognize the power of communications

technologies, including connection technologies and

innovative applications, to promote knowledge

exchange, technical cooperation and capacity-

building for sustainable development. The document

stressed that all levels of government and legislative

bodies play an important role in promoting

sustainable development.


E-Government as an enabler for Sustainable Development

Through e-Government and innovation governmentscan provide significant opportunities to transformpublic administration into an instrument ofsustainable development.

The United Nations E-Government Survey is theflagship report of; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

(UNDESA) / Division for Public Administration andDevelopment Management (DPADM) / E-GovernmentBranch (EGB)

Developed in collaboration with external experts,researchers and global public administration graduateresearchers.


UN E-Government Survey Editions


8th Edition: UN E-Government Survey 2014Previous editions 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, and 2012

2014 Theme: “E-Government For The future We Want”

Key Benefit of the Survey Report

It serves as a very useful benchmarking tool for decision-makers:

Highlights emerging e-government trends and shares knowledge fromaround the world aiding countries in all regions to make informed e-government policy-decisions.

It serves as barometer of e-government trends and indicates the direction ofe-government development globally.

Identifies areas of strength and challenges and areas of opportunities ine-government development.

Guide e-government policies and strategies.

It serves as an incentive for governments to build their capacities andpromote e-government development within their countries.


Methodology: EGDI


The UN E-Government Development Index (EGDI) is a

composite indicator measuring the willingness and

capacity of PA to use

ICT to deliver public services.

EGDI = ( 1/3 OSI + 1/3 TII + 1/3 HCI)

OSI = Online Service Index (DESA)

TII = Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (ITU+WB)

HCI = Human Capital Index (UNESCO+UNDP)

Ranking of 193

Member States

Themes of the 2014 Survey


E-Participation

Whole-of-Government

Multi-channel Service Delivery

Expanding Usage

Digital Divide and vulnerable Groups

Open Government Data

The 4 Stages of Online Service Development


Emerging

Presence:offering

basic information

on line …

Enhanced

Presence:Simple two-way,

downloadable forms,

limited e-services…

Transactional

Presence:Two ways interactive

applications, financial

and non financial

transactions in

secure network…

Connected

Presence:WoG, full

interoperability,

customized services

G2G, G2C,C2G …

The Assessment Questionnaire consists of 4 sections corresponding to the

UN 4 Stages of e-Government development

Ghana’s Position

Telecommunications Infrastructure Index (TII)


2012 TII Estimated Internet users

Main fixed phone lines

Mobile subscribers

Fixed broadband

Fixed Internet

subscriptions

2014 TII Estimated Internet users

Main fixed phone lines

Mobile subscribers

Fixed broadband

Wireless broadband (new)

Human Capital Index (HCI)


• Adult literacy rate

• Gross enrolment (except

primary)

• Expected years of schooling

(new)

• Mean years of schooling (new)

Part TwoGlobal Highlights and Africa


Global and Regional Leaders


South Korea remained on top in 2014, continuing its pre-eminence and continued leadership and focus on e-government innovation (2012, 2010).

Australia placed second (2nd) and Singapore third (3rd) both moving up the ranks considerably compared to the 2012, when they were (12th)

Global Perspective of the Survey


Source: Al-Khouri, A. M. (2014), Global e-Government: What needs to be Learned? A Reflection on UN e-

Government Survey 2014

Most countries range between 0.2 and 0.6. This scope of EGDI represents 114 countries of the 193 surveyed.

EGDI Group

No. of

Countries

Very High EGDI

(More than 0.75) 25

High EGDI

(Between 0.50 and 0.75) 62

Middle EGDI

(Between 0.25 and 0.50) 74

Low EGDI

(Less than 0.25) 32

Africa’s Position in a Global Context


Africa’s Position in a Global Context

Quick facts;

Kenya (33rd) No. 2 in African and Rwanda (63rd) No. 6 in Africa,made the biggest jump in Africa under e-participationwith a rank change of (+91) and (+71) respectively.

Africa Top 6 (i.e. Tunisia, Mauritius, Egypt, Seychelles,Morocco and South Africa) among the top 100 nations.EGDI above world average.

Three African States (Central African Republic, Guineaand Libya) recorded some level of online presence.

BUT, no African nation is grouped in the Very high EGDIcategory.


Africa Sub-Regional Analysis (Trend)

2014 2012 2010 2003

Northern Africa Southern Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa

Southern Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Northern Africa

Eastern Africa Eastern Africa Eastern Africa Eastern Africa

Middle Africa Middle Africa Middle Africa Western Africa

Western Africa Western AfricaWestern Africa

Middle Africa


Africa Sub-Regional scores Vs Africa & World Averages


Western Africa Sub-Regional Analysis

Rank 2014 2012 2010 2008 2005 2004 2003

1 Ghana Cape

Verde

Cape

Verde

Cape

Verde

Cape

Verde

Cape

Verde

Cape

Verde

2 Cape

Verde

Ghana Cote

d’Ivoire

Nigeria Ghana Nigeria Ghana

3 Nigeria Gambia Ghana Ghana Nigeria Ghana Benin

4 Senegal Nigeria Nigeria Senegal Benin Senegal Togo

5 Togo Senegal Mauritania Gambia Togo Togo Nigeria


Part ThreeHighlights on Ghana


Ghana’s Position in a Global Context

Year Rank Change

2014 123 +22

2012 145 +2

2010 147 -9

2008 138 -5

2005 133 +11

2004 144 -5

2003 139 -


E-Participation Ranking

84th Globally from 101st in 2012

8th in Africa from 11th in 2012

EGDI Ranking

123rd in the World from 145 in 2012

11th in Africa from 20th in 2012

1st in Western Africa

120

125

130

135

140

145

150

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

(2003 - 2014)

Ghana's Position Vis-a-Vis World, Regional and Sub-Regional Position

Ghana’s EGDI of (0.3735) continues to be above the WesternAfrica sub-region (0.2079) and Africa region (0.2661)averages. That notwithstanding, its EGDI remains below the Top10 Africa Average of (0.4654).


Analysis of Ghana’s Position in Online Service Development


Rank Countries OSI Score

Stage 1

(Emerging

Presence)

Stage 2

(Enhanced

Presence)

Stage 3

(Transactional

Presence)

Stage 4

(Connected

Presence) Total

1Morocco 0.6929 94 61 40 62 62

2Tunisia 0.6378 91 61 33 53 58

3Egypt 0.5906 81 52 33 56 54

4Rwanda 0.5118 78 64 19 32 47

5Mauritius 0.4724 88 64 9 21 44

6Ethiopia 0.4567 53 48 28 44 42

7Kenya 0.4252 94 32 23 21 40

8South Africa 0.3858 75 43 12 24 37

9Seychelles 0.3307 53 30 7 47 32

10Namibia 0.3228 69 32 14 18 31

11Ghana 0.3150 78 18 19 18 31

Africa Average 0.2011 45.14 23.61 6.80 14.05 21.27

World Average 0.3919 64.48 39.88 22.00 26.85 37.11

Ghana’s E-Government Improving despite National Income Status


No. Country Level of Income Rank

1 Ghana Lower Middle 123

2 Cape Verde Lower Middle 127

3 Gabon Upper Middle 131

4 Algeria Upper Middle 136

5 Swaziland Lower Middle 138

6 Angola Upper Middle 140

7 Nigeria Lower Middle 141

8 Cameroun Lower Middle 144

Ghana;notwithstanding itslower middle incomestatus is cited in thereport along withBolivia, Honduras,India, Philippines,Vietnam andUzbekistan ashaving advancedtheir e-governmentdespite theirrelatively lowernational incomestatus.

Other Highlights on GhanaM-Health, the Mobile Technology for Community Health (MOTECH) is cited as asuccessful government-led initiative leveraging SMS-based technology, Pilot by the Ghana Health Service. (positive indication)

E-employment, Ghana is cited as one of four countries, where according to alatest study on youth employment indicate that, lack of skills and information onjobs available are actually perceived as bigger challenges than the lack ofavailable jobs. (negative indication)

Open Data, Ghana is cited as being part of only 7.4 per cent of Africancountries (others are Kenya, Tunisia and Morocco) with open data portals.(positive indication)

The majority of countries with open government data catalogues are high incomeand upper middle income (nearly 85 per cent). Kenya is the only low incomecountry with an OGD portal; the lower middle income countries with suchportals are India, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Republic of Moldova, Ghana andIndonesia.


Noteworthy Ghana misses cut-off point in Open Data Assessement

Ghana is cited among four other countries (Greece, Malta, Slovakiaand Indonesia) that did not score higher than 66.6 per cent cut-off.

Portals did not include a wider range of government agencies andmore varied datasets in machine-readable formats

Global Low Scores in Transactional Online Services

◦ Globally, the mean scores in Stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 64 per cent, 40per cent, 27 per cent and 22 per cent respectively.

◦ Gap in stages due to inherent challenges and sophistication.


Part FourLessons & Policy Implications


Lessons from Global Innovations

Ethiopia: Online Service Delivery Gains Highlighted

The country is one of the best performing Least Developed Countries (LDCs) inonline service delivery, placed (72nd) globally ahead of many wealthier nations,including a number of European nations.

Some Strategies Employed;

Establishment of a national e-government leadership council.

Tracking of performance indicators of achievement.

High-level interest and strategic directions for e-government development and

coordination of online services at national level.

The national strategy includes provisions for citizen centric mechanisms for

stakeholder involvement.

Implementation of 219 online services over a five-year period from 2011–2015.


Policy Implications and Remarks

Similar to the UN Government Survey series, Ghana, through NITAshould develop an Annual E-Government Development Report (eGovReport).

1. Develop Annual E-Government Development Report

MDA Web Assessment Report and Ranking

MDA Infrastructure Assessment Report and Ranking

MDA E-Skills Assessment Report and Ranking

Innovative Public Service Assessment Report and Ranking

MDA ICT Governance Assessment and Ranking

MDA Change Management Assessment Report and Ranking

National Telecommunication Assessment Report

Citizen, Business and Civil Society E-Government Readiness Report



Potential benefits of the eGov Report; It has the potential to give NITA very high visibility and

recognition among e-government stakeholders.

Serve as a basis for public organizations to concretely evaluatetheir current status and make projections.

It has the potential to engender healthy competition among publicorganizations to out-perform each other.

It can form the basis for public organizations to set aside budgetfor e-government improvements. A critical way to consolidate e-government development gains and ensure sustainability of e-government development.



2. Develop a Government of Ghana E-Government MasterPlan (2015-2020)◦ to analyse the current status of ICT and e-Government

implementation and propose a mid to long term blueprint forfurther development.

3. Develop m-Government Policies and subsequent m-Government initiatives

◦ M-government should not be viewed as a replacement or amere progressive stage of e-government, because in mostcases of m-government implementation, the back office stillruns through the spectrum of e-government infrastructure forinteroperability and cost effectiveness.


Policy Implications and Remarks (Supplementary)4. Establish High-Level E-Government Multi-Stakeholder Forum

◦ Discuss interdependencies and disseminate the ‘e’ approach to governancewith other sectors.

5. Establish / Strengthen E-Government Centre of Innovation◦ Establish training centre or research centre

6. Strengthen Regional Cooperation & Partnerships

◦ Multilateral Cooperation: Akin to GCC and COMESA arrangement in e-

government.

◦ Strengthen bilateral partnerships: (Uganda (NITA-U), Nigeria (NITDA,

NeGSt, Kenya (ICT Authority), Ethiopia (MCIT), Mauritius, Rwanda, South

Africa)

◦ Global E-Government bodies: UNDESA, WeGO, NIA Etc.

7. Strengthen E-Government TV Publicity


Policy Implications and Remarks (Supplementary)

8. Establish and Strengthen Monitoring andEvaluations Processes

“…only 15 percent of e-government projects in developingcountries are successful, 35 percent are total failures and50 percent partial failures” --Heeks (2003)

9. Initiate Public Sector Process Re-EngineeringProgram

“…The first rule of any technology used in a business isthat, automation applied to an efficient operation willmagnify the efficiency. The second is that automationapplied to an inefficient operation will magnify theinefficiency” --Bill Gates


Policy Implications and Remarks (Supplementary)

10. Strengthen Human Resource CapacityDevelopment

Ghana, through NITA and in collaboration with other stakeholders,needs to expedite the process of institutionalizing andimplementing the “Ghana Public Sector IT/IM Scheme ofService”.

Long-term sustainability of e-government justifies cost.

The economic implication of implementing such a scheme,whether in whole or revised to fit contemporary ICT jobrequirements may be huge. But such concerns should beweighed against the risk of long-term sustainability of e-government programs.


Ways to Improve Ghana’s UN-E-Government Ranking for 2016 (Challenges to Opportunities)

Streamlining the request and feedback process: The UN Research

Team requests information regarding Member States addresses (URLs)

for different portals.

National portals

Government ministries

Open government data

E-participation Etc.

Ghana’s new response: Identify ‘who’ or ‘which’ agency currently responds tothe invitation and streamline the process.

Ensure targeted government portals meet compliance criteria. (nationalportals, e-services portal and the other six key sectors ofhealth, environment, social services, education,labour/Employment and finance.


Multi-Portal Vs Integrated Portal

Multi-Portal Approach (As-is)


Ghana is currently among the countries pursuing a multi-portal

approach, where we have a separate information portal

(www.ghana.gov.gh); separate e-services portal

(www.eservices.gov.gh / www.epay.gov.gh/epay ); and a separate

open data portal (www.data.gov.gh ).

http://www.ghana.gov.gh/

http://www.eservices.gov.gh/

http://www.epay.gov.gh/epay

http://www.data.gov.gh/

Ghana’s New Portal Development proposal

New Integrated Portal Approach (Pure One-Stop-Shop)


Ghana’s New Portal Development proposal (alternative based on natural relationship)


Potential benefits of the integrated approach

Avoid suffering the ‘silo effects’ of identification agencies in Ghana.

Should be integrated in both backend (information systems) andback-office structures should be fully integrated to ensureseamlessness, effective collaboration and leveraging of resources.

Simplify the marketing of e-government to stakeholders.

◦ This whole-of-government (WoG) approach would require strongleadership in order to sell to stakeholders.

◦ But it has the potential to situate Ghana among countries pursuinginnovation and uniqueness in the very fluid field of e-government. And as such, also be cited as best case for othercountries to benchmark.*


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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2014 United Nations E-Government Survey-- Lessons and Policy Implications for Ghana

Government & Nonprofit