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Andrew Jackson, PhD
Senior Editor
Kyushu University Department of Agriculture
Session 1 – Effective Presentations
Kyushu University
23 October 2014
About Andrew …
Introductions
Name: What are you studying: What do you want to do: Where do you want to go:
Groups…
Team A Mitsudome Takumi
Khansawanh Sisopha Arif Hamed
Sie Thu Minn Truong Tuan Linh
(Eiko Megan Uchida)
Team B Vila Laokom
Ayumi Koyanagi Thi Mar Win
Katsuto Shimizu Vo Hong Tu
Seminar series
October 23 Effective presentations
October 30 Reviewing the literature
November 6 Academic publishing
November 13 Research and publication ethics
November 20 Effective writing
November 27 Manuscript structure
December 4 Communicating with journals
December 8 Peer review and revisions
Today’s presentation
October 23 Effective presentations
October 30 Reviewing the literature
November 6 Academic publishing
November 13 Research and publication ethics
November 20 Effective writing
November 27 Manuscript structure
December 4 Communicating with journals
December 8 Peer review and revisions
Importance of presenting
Section 1
Customer Service Presenting your work When to present?
• Business • Sales • Training • Teaching
• Lab meeting • Conferences • Seminars • Journal Club
General Academic
Customer Service Presenting your work Why do you want to present?
What are your goals?
Your goal should be to share your ideas with others
In research you want to share your work with others in your field
• Publish articles • Poster presentations • Oral presentations
Meetings/ conferences
Customer Service Presenting your work
Comparing written documents and presentations
Time
Flow of information
Not limited Readers can take
their time
Limited Limited attention
No control Readers can skip
sections
Control Audience has to
listen to everything
Written Presentation
Customer Service Presenting your work Lab meetings
Content will be different from meetings/conferences
Goals
Share your work with colleagues
Get help/advice
Plan future experiments
• Lab meeting • Conferences • Seminars • Journal Club
Academic
Customer Service Presenting your work
Lab meetings – Getting feedback
Helps you to improve your experiments and results
Helps you retain focus
Encourage discussion with questions Do not rush through your slides, give your
colleagues time to think
Why?
How?
Customer Service Presenting your work
Lab meetings – what to present
Background information
Successful experiments
Difficult experiments
Failed experiments
Future directions
“Why didn’t it work?” “It didn’t work.”
Customer Service Presenting your work Conferences & seminars
Goals
Get new ideas
Network, build collaborations
• Lab meeting • Conferences • Seminars • Journal Club
Academic Share your work with your community
Customer Service Presenting your work Identify problems early
Unclear aims Methodological
problems
Unclear figures Missing data
Unclear relevance
Lack of interest
“Why is this important for the field?”
Lack of interest in your published article
Customer Service Presenting your work
Meetings & conferences – networking
Be friendly when presenting
Talk to others about their work
Join organized activities
Be friendly, but be professional
Customer Service Presenting your work Being a good attendee
At others’ presentations
During/after your presentation
• Talk directly to the researchers doing the experiments
• Are they familiar with your techniques?
• Are there any problems/gaps?
Customer Service Presenting your work Journal clubs
Goals
Stay up-to-date on published research
Learn to critically review research
Learn from your colleagues
• Lab meeting • Conferences • Seminars • Journal Club
Academic
Customer Service Presenting your work Journal clubs
Benefits
• Learn to identify good articles
• Learn to write better manuscripts
• Learn to discuss other’s research
• Prepare you to become an effective peer reviewer
Customer Service Presenting your work Journal clubs
Organization
• Group of 8–12 people with similar interests • Meet every 2–4 weeks • One person presents a recently published article
Objective: Critically review article
Appropriate study design/methods?
Scientifically relevant topic?
Logical interpretations?
Significant results?
Journal clubs
• In pairs choose an article to discuss
• Share the article with the class 1 week before the presentation
• Present the article
• Encourage/stimulate active discussion
Journal Club Schedule
October 23
October 30 Andrew Jackson (example)
November 6 Vila Laokom, Ayumi Koyanagi
November 13 Mitsudome Takumi, Khansawanh Sisopha
November 20 Thi Mar Win, Katsuto Shimizu
November 27 Arif Hamed, Sie Thu Minn
December 4 Vo Hong Tu, to be confirmed
December 8 Truong Tuan Linh, Eiko Megan Uchida
Poster presentations
Section 2
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations
Benefits of poster presentations
Gives you the opportunity to interact with other researchers in your field
Allows you to share pre-published results with your peers
Allows you to discuss one-on-one with other researchers about your study
• More interactive than oral presentations • Improve discussing your research in English • Help build international collaborations
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations Poster layout
Poster size and layout can change depending on the conference
Can be either landscape or portrait (usually A0)
Organize sections based on a grid layout
Organize in columns, not rows (easier to read in a crowd)
Put important information at eye level
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations Poster layout
Logo Short Descriptive Title of Your Research
Authors and Affiliations
Introduction
Acknowledgements
Results
Methods References
Discussion Results
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 3 Fig. 6
Model
Aims
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations
What’s wrong with this poster?
Title and Authors
Asymmetrical Not practical for reading Not aesthetic (pleasing to the eye)
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations
Poster layout – Symmetry
Title and Authors
Asymmetry
Title and Authors
Horizontal symmetry
Title and Authors
Horizontal & vertical symmetry
Title and Authors
Diagonal symmetry
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations Poster formatting
Colors
• 2–3 colors maximum • Light background with dark letters
• Title: 85 pt • Authors: 50 pt • Headings: 36–44 pt • Text: 24–34 pt
• Read from 1.5 m • Use sans serif font
(Arial, Calibri)
Font
(Arial, Calibri)
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations Brief introduction
Why your work should be done
Current state of the field Identify knowledge gaps
State your objectives
Keep it short 2–3 paragraphs 200–300 words
Illustrations Use schematics or models to help
explain your hypothesis
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations General methodology
Briefly describe techniques in logical order
Don’t include specific details (e.g. what concentration buffer was used)
Use flow charts and illustrations for clarity
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations Results
Most of your poster
Large and clearly labeled figures
Figure legends Should explain technical details as
well as factually explain results
Image quality 300 vs 72 ppi CMYK vs RGB
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations Image quality
ppi (dpi): pixels per inch (dots per inch)
For printing, use 300 ppi
Most images are 72 ppi, so you need to change it to 300 ppi (e.g., Photoshop)
http://www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/3c_Final_artwork.pdf
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations Image quality
http://www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/3c_Final_artwork.pdf
CMYK Colors used for printing
RGB → CMYK can be unclear
RGB Primary colors of light
Used in monitors
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations Image quality
http://www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/3c_Final_artwork.pdf
CMYK Colors used for printing
RGB → CMYK can be unclear
RGB Primary colors of light
Used in monitors
Check image quality (Photoshop, Ctrl+Y for CMYK preview)
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations Conclusions
Summarize important points
Use bullet points for emphasis
Illustrate your model with a schematic
Do not place too low on the poster
Coverage and Staffing Plan
Poster presentations
Additional tips
Export your poster as a PDF to ensure there are no formatting issues at the printer (make sure A0 size)
Print out A4-sized copies of your poster for distribution
Put your contact information on your poster
Prepare a 30-second speech to get people’s attention
Be able to present your poster in 3–5 min
Encourage discussion
• Ask them questions about their research • Pause between figures to give them time to ask questions
Poster exercise
Your colleague has prepared three different posters, but he is unsure which one is the best for presenting at a conference he is attending next month. Please review each of the three posters and give advice on how he can improve its readability.
Poster exercise – Poster 1
Too much text!
Introduction is too long
Methods should be
more graphic
Figure legends are too long
Figures are too small
Conclusions should be
bullet points, no model
No contact information
Poster exercise – Poster 2
Font has low readability
Methods should be
more graphic
Figure legends are too short
Conclusions should be
bullet points
Unclear title
Poster exercise – Poster 3
Figures are too large
No: • Methods • References • Acknowledgments • Contact info
Conclusions should be
bullet points, not placed at the bottom
Poster exercise
Clear title
Concise Introduction
Schematics
Graphical Methods
Large figures with clear
figure legends
Bullet point Conclusions with model
Contact info
Section 4
Preparing slides
Preparing slides Slide layout
Font
• Sans serif (Arial, Calibri, etc.) • 40 pt for titles • 30+ pt for major points • 24+ pt for minor points
Layout • Limit 8 lines of text per slide • Use bullet points, not sentences • High contrast colors
Preparing slides Bullet points
Useful, better than plain text
Often best way to list information
But, can be boring Lose your audience attention
Bullet points can suggest hierarchy
One large block of text more difficult to read
Preparing slides Graphics
Bullet points
Can be boring for audience
Useful way to list information
May suggest hierarchy
Can be difficult to read
Preparing slides Graphics
Preparing slides
Graphics
Contrasting colors, easy to read
Simple and organized
For information, not decoration
For pictures, use compressed images
Distracting
Lack of contrast = difficult to read
Graphics
Preparing slides Graphics
India
Brazil
Russia
China
Preparing slides
Word Choice
Avoid jargon Simple and clear
Use words you can pronounce
Check speling and grammar
spelling
Preparing slides
Animation
Audience cannot read ahead
Focus the attention of your audience
Keep it simple: appear, fade, wipe
Do not distract from your information!
Keeping your audience’s attention
Preparing slides Telling a story
Beginning Introduction
Middle Methods/figures
End Conclusion
Preparing slides Beginning
Brief introduction
Background information
Aims of your study
Use pictures and diagrams
Preparing slides Example
• Lumenal structures (bile canaliculi, BC) between hepatocytes are difficult to maintain in vitro
• Sandwich culture configurations promote BC maturation
• Intracellular mechanisms unclear
AIM: Determine if intracellular tension promotes or maintains BC maturation in vitro
Actomyosin Activity
Actomyosin Activity
Preparing slides Middle of your presentation
Methods
Flow chart or schematic
Figures
Important results
Preparing slides Example
Seed primary rat hepatocytes (d1)
Collagen overlay (d2)
Treat cells with inhibitors (d3)
Fix cells (d4)
Confocal microscopy
Preparing slides Figures
Main limitation? Space!
Only choose most important data
Organize clearly
Preparing slides Selecting important data
Go et al. New Engl J Med. 2004;351:1296.
Characteristic Total Cohort (N=1,120,295)
≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2
(N=924,136)
< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2
(N=196,159)*
Age (yr) 52.2 ± 16.3 49.1 ± 15.1 66.6 ± 13.0
Female sex (%) 54.6 53.4 60.2
Ethnic group
White 50.9 47.2 68.6
Black 7.4 7.2 5.3
Hispanic 5.9 6.3 4.1
Asian 8.1 8.5 6.7
Mixed 2.4 2.4 2.8
Other 25.3 28.4 12.5
Medical history
Coronary heart disease
6.3 4.5 17.8
Stroke 2.6 1.7 8.3
Peripheral arterial disease
1.8 1.1 6.7
Chronic heart failure
2.1 1.0 19.8 * estimations
Necessary?
Important
Preparing slides Often graphs are better than tables
Go et al. New Engl J Med. 2014;351:1296.
0
5
10
15
20
25
Coronary heartdisease
Stroke Peripheralarterial disease
Chronic heartfailure
Healthy
Kidney disease
Perc
ent
of
pat
ien
ts w
ith
at
leas
t
on
e ca
rdio
vasc
ula
r ev
ent
Preparing slides End of your presentation
Conclusions
Summary and implications
Future directions
How is this being further developed?
Activity
You and your colleagues are preparing a presentation. Please review the power point file that your friends have provided and make changes and suggestions for improvements.
Activity
Effectiveness of an Unmanned Aerial Survey of Fallen Trees in Eastern Japan Forest
Activity
Effectiveness of an Unmanned Aerial Survey of Fallen Trees in Eastern Japan Forest
Mitsudome Takumi, Khansawanh Sisopha, Arif Hamed, Sie Thu Minn
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Introduction
Fallen trees are a key factor in biogeochemical cycling
Knowledge about the distribution fallen trees is useful to understand the nutrient and carbon cycling in forest ecosystems.
Why this study needed to be done
Ground based surveys are both time consuming and labor intensive…
Introduction
Knowing the distribution of fallen trees is useful to understand the nutrient and carbon cycling.
Ground based surveys are both time consuming and labor intensive.
CO2
photosynthesis
Sunlight
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Aims of this study
….unmanned aerial vehicles offer a potential solution.
We aimed to photograph a forest using an unmanned aerial vehicles and compare the number of fallen trees detected in the images with that recorded on the ground to investigate the effectiveness of this technique.
Aims of this study
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Photographs
Ground survey
Number of fallen trees
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Results
211 aerial photographs
Mosaic of photos
Methods
Methods
Unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a camera
Map of survey area
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Results
211 aerial photographs
Mosaic of photos
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Activity
Effect of tree characteristics on identification
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ground-Surveryfallen trees
Visuallyidentifiedfallen trees
Maximum trunk width (m)
Nu
mb
er
of
falle
n t
ree
s id
en
tifi
ed
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Effect of tree characteristics on identification
Nu
mb
er
of
falle
n t
ree
s id
en
tifi
ed
0
5
10
15
20
25
>10 5 to 10 0 to 5
Number ofground-Surveyedfallen trees
Number ofVisuallyIdentifiedfallen trees
Maximum trunk length (m)
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Conclusions
• We show that unmanned aerial vehicles are highly effective for identifying fallen trees.
• This methods presents an attractive alternative to time consuming ground surveys.
• We experienced no problems with this method and believe it could be used directly for monitoring of the ecological condition of forests.
Conclusions
Effective for identifying: • longer fallen trees • larger trunk width
Smaller fallen trees could not be clearly identified
Advances in imaging technology, could make this an attractive alternative to time consuming ground surveys.
Summary
Implications
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Presentation skills
Section 5
Presentation skills Before you present…
Most important thing you can do…
Practice
Practice
Practice Learn your presentation,
don’t read it Don’t memorize,
these are your ideas
Practice alone and with others, record yourself
Practice builds confidence!
Presentation skills Getting ready
Arrive early, everything working?
Have backup copies of your presentation (USB, Dropbox)
Take a deep breath and relax
Presentation skills Presentation tips – appear confident
Non-verbal
Use hand gestures
Make eye contact Always face
your audience
Smile!
Stand upright
Don’t be stiff, move naturally
Presentation skills Presentation tips – Speaking style
Verbal
Avoid filler words (“eeto”)
Pause for emphasis
Speak slowly
Show enthusiasm
Vary tone and pitch
Don’t talk to the screen
Presentation skills Handling questions –
Understand the question
Could you hear it clearly?
Do you understand the question?
Is the question appropriate for the audience?
Could the audience hear it clearly?
What do they want to know?
What is the most relevant question?
Presentation skills Answering questions
1. Understand the question
2. Clarify the question (if necessary)
3. Thank the audience member
4. Answer the question (be concise!)
5. Ensure you have answered the question
6. Thank the audience member again
Steps to answering questions
Presentation skills Handling questions –
Difficult questions
Unsure of the answer
You don’t know the answer
Unrelated questions
You are the expert, answer with confidence
Be honest, but give your expert opinion
Politely address the question
Presentation skills Additional tips – time management
Stay within your time limit
Use a clock, watch, or mobile phone
Rushing and skipping slides make you look unorganized
Practice often and keep track of each section
Presentation skills Additional tips
“B” key makes the screen black
“W” key makes the screen white
Hold the laser pointer against your body to prevent shaking
Remember, you are having a conversation with your audience
Presentation skills
Activity
Activity
Effectiveness of an Unmanned Aerial Survey of Fallen Trees in Eastern Japan Forest
Mitsudome Takumi, Khansawanh Sisopha, Arif Hamed, Sie Thu Minn
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Introduction
Knowing the distribution of fallen trees is useful to understand the nutrient and carbon cycling.
Ground based surveys are both time consuming and labor intensive.
CO2
photosynthesis
Sunlight
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Aims of this study
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Photographs
Ground survey
Number of fallen trees
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Methods
Unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a camera
Map of survey area
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Results
211 aerial photographs
Mosaic of photos
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Effect of tree characteristics on identification
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ground-Surveryfallen trees
Visuallyidentifiedfallen trees
Maximum trunk width (m)
Nu
mb
er
of
falle
n t
ree
s id
en
tifi
ed
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Effect of tree characteristics on identification
Nu
mb
er
of
falle
n t
ree
s id
en
tifi
ed
0
5
10
15
20
25
>10 5 to 10 0 to 5
Number ofground-Surveyedfallen trees
Number ofVisuallyIdentifiedfallen trees
Maximum trunk length (m)
Conclusions
Effective for identifying: • longer fallen trees • larger trunk width
Smaller fallen trees could not be clearly identified
Advances in imaging technology, could make this an attractive alternative to time consuming ground surveys.
Summary
Implications
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Assignment (on Manaba)
Homework
Journal club Read the attached article: “Transgene Environment Interactions in
Genetically Modified Wheat” for next week
Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.
Thank you!
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Andrew Jackson: [email protected]