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ABCPhD ProgramArchitecture, Built Environmentand Construction EngineeringDoctorate Program
enrico de angelis
架構 architecture房屋 construction工程 engineering environment (built) 環境
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Cosa è un dottorato di ricerca?
The faculties of science and humanities start demanding a formal research dissertation for the award of their degree
19° century: german education reform
Doctor of Philosophy (abbreviated as Ph.D.)
Come nasce il Dottorato (PhD)
Thanks to US, German practice becomes a worldwide success!
• US students come in Germany to get a PhD after their Bachelor
• Yale University start a PhD Degree in 1861:– Postgrad Courses + thesis
• From the beginning of 20° century, European and US universities move toward three degrees: Bachelor, Master, Doctorate
• In Italy Dottorato starts in 1985@Polimi
1985 PhD Programs started2001 PhD School started
Il dormiglione (Sleeper), 1973.
In the original US version, she pretends to have a PhD.In the Italian translation, she has only a Master (the discipline il … XXXrated)
What is a PhD, from MATT MIGHT
(Thanks4yourslides, Matt)
Suppose this circle represent the advancing boundary of actual human knowledge …
(Thanks4yourslides, Matt)
… And that this is your primary school learning of such an amount of knowledge …
(Thanks4yourslides, Matt)
… And this what you gain from your secondary school studies …
(Thanks4yourslides, Matt)(Thanks4yourslides, Matt)
… master …
(Thanks4yourslides, Matt)
A successful Phd is able to go beyond boundaries!
A successful one!
Cosa è un dottorato, dopo due secoli dalla sua “invenzione”?
Una tesi (documento) su un tema specifico
… che produce un avanzamentodelle conoscenze
Che viene valutata tramiteuna discussione pubblica
PhD Programmes in Europe
I cycle3-4 years180-240 ECTS
II cycle1.5-2 years90-120 ECTS
Long cycle5-6 years300-360ECTS
I + II =300/360 ECTS
III cycle3-4 yearsECTS ??
• Inclusion of the doctoral level as the third Education cycle• Importance of research and research training• increase in mobility on the doctoral and the postdoctoral levels
Berlin Communiqué (2003)“Realising the European Higher Education Area”
Map courtesy of Presentation Magazine website www.presentationmagazine.com
PhD School – Polimi
18 Programmes More than 1100 PhD candidates 360 new PhD candidates per year (~ 85% of them earn
grants or research contracts) (~ 1500 applications) ~ 30% International students ~ 200 third-level courses, held by Italian and International
Experts, mostly in English – at least an English track About 4k Doctors in 30 years Less than 1/3 works in university Research in international environment (international
projects, professors, PhD candidates)
Richieste di ammissione
20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Submitted Applications
Enrolled Applicants
Scholarships
Introduzione di requisiti di ammissione più severi
Organizzazione di ABCPhD
• SELEZIONE (semestre zero)• STATO DELL’ARTE e COMPLETAMENTO
FORMAZIONE (primo semestre)• PROGETTO DI RICERCA (secondo semestre)• LAVORO DI RICERCA (terzo-quinto semestre)• FORMALIZZAZIONE TESI (sesto semestre)• DISCUSSIONE TESI
Tre anni di lavoro più un anno tra preparazione e conclusione e valorizzazione
Who is the PhD holder?The ten “doctoral plus”
1. A PhD holder knows how to find answers
If you are trained to identify and solve problems, you are trained for decision-making:• critical thinking • complex problem solving
Isaiah Hankel, “7 Advantages PhDs Have Over Other Job Candidates” www.cheekyscientist.com
2. A PhD holder is not frightenedhe/she learns from failures
Isaiah Hankel, “7 Advantages PhDs Have Over Other Job Candidates” www.cheekyscientist.com
3. A PhD holder is not easily frightened
Isaiah Hankel, “7 Advantages PhDs Have Over Other Job Candidates” www.cheekyscientist.com
They have been tempered in uncertaintyand fully experienced with negative bosses
4. A PhD holder is taught (tempered) for high level communication
Isaiah Hankel, “7 Advantages PhDs Have Over Other Job Candidates” www.cheekyscientist.com
You don’t just regurgitate information, you create it.
5. A PhD holder is taught (tempered) to compete and to cooperate
Isaiah Hankel, “7 Advantages PhDs Have Over Other Job Candidates” www.cheekyscientist.com
6. PhD holder’s talent is innovation[progressive&disruptive innovation]
«les docteurs … peuvent apporter “les innovations de rupture” qui feront les emplois et la croissance de demain» M.C. Corbier, LesEcho.fr 12/11/14
7. PhD holders share a valuable set of relations with experts and stakeholders
PhD Doctors are requested to build relations at a global level with the most influential and experts and to join, locally too, with stakeholders and their representative. These networks are less easily ACCESSIBLE by industrial and social parties
8. PhD holders have knowledge, experience and creativity to use it with high profit
9. The three years costs to grow PhD holders are payed back by their three year work
PhD Candidates, during their first year are mostly devoted to understand the questions to face and to complete their knowledge. But they start working ASAP … and the more their are helped in this first task, the quicker their results come … do you have any question?
three year costs may be payed bach before than three year
10. PhD training cost is lowbut it needs medium term programs
Slide by: Lidia Borrell-Damian Director, Research and Innovation, European University Association, 8th EUA-CDE workshop Aix-Marseille, January 2015)
ABC-PhD Program
Who are we?
PhD in the Italian Research SystemValore assoluto del numero di dottorandi nei Paesi analizzati dal rapporto Elsevier2013Si noti
• crescita: USA/CHI/UK• Decrescita: ITA/JPN• Valore assoluto:
UK=2ITADEU=3ITA
Immagini e dati dal rapporto Elsevier 2013
ITALY DOESN’T BELIEVE(yet) IN PhD
PhD School – Polimi
18 Programmes More than 1100 PhD candidates 370 new PhD candidates per year (~ 75% of them earn grants
or research contracts) (~ 1300 applications) ~ 28% International students (33% in 2013-14) ~ 200 third-level courses, held by Italian and International
Experts 3692 PhDs in about 30 years Less than 1/3 works in university Teaching mostly in English – at least an English track Research in international environment (international
projects, professors, PhD candidates)
POLITECNICO BELIEVES IN PhDs
The ABC Department
ABC: Architecture, Built Environmentand Construction Engineering
– 155 Researchers, Associate and Full professors– About 100 “Assistant Researchers” (assegnisti),
“Assistant Professors” and other contracts– About 40 Administrative and Technical Staff– About 100 PhD Students (average num.)
Our department is one of the biggest in Italy, for Construction and Architecture
ICAR05 TRASPORTI
ICAR06 TOPOGRAFIA E CARTOGRAFIA
ICAR07 GEOTECNICA
ICAR08 SCIENZA DELLE COSTRUZIONI
ICAR09 TECNICA DELLE COSTRUZIONI
ICAR10 ARCHITETTURA TECNICA
ICAR11 PRODUZIONE EDILIZIA
ICAR12 TECNOLOGIA DELL'ARCHITETTURA
ICAR14 COMPOSIZIONE ARCHITET. E URBANA
ICAR15 ARCHITETTURA DEL PAESAGGIO
ICAR17 DISEGNO
ICAR18 STORIA DELL'ARCHITETTURA
ICAR19 RESTAURO
ICAR21 URBANISTICA
ICAR22 ESTIMO
INGIND11 FISICA TECNICA AMBIENTALE
MED42 IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA
SECSP06 ECONOMIA APPLICATA
SECSP07 ECONOMIA AZIENDALE
Social Sciences
Urban Planning
Cost Engineering
Architectural&Urban Design
Building Technologies
StructuralMechanics
Arch. History
Modelling
Building Physics & Services Su
rvey
and
Top
ogra
phy
Built Heritage
The Disciplines of the Department
And one of the most complete, for what concerns Scientific Disciplines for our sector
The Dept. as well as its PhD Program comes from a fusion
ABC-PhD ProgramDoctoral program in Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering
Salzburg Principles:• N.3 Diversity• N.6 Critical Mass• N.8 Innovative interdisciplinar
General Presentation
ABC-PhD Program has been established in 2012, following the complete reorganization of the area of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering in one only Department.It results as merge of the following four PhD Programs:
– Architectural Composition– Building Systems Engineering– Design and Technologies Exploitation for the Cultural Heritage– Technology and Design for Environment and Building
These four programs have been joined by a group of researchers from a fifth one: the PhD Program in Structural Seismic and Geotechnical Engineering.All these Programs have been separately active since 1990, mainly focussing on one only discipline. Their merge was aimed at optimizing the capability of the Department in facing and solving complex training needs, with a single organizational unit.
ABCPhD
ARCHITECTURALCOMPOSITION
Building System ENGINEERING
Cultural Heritage
Built Environment Technologies
Structural Engineering
We are our PhD Candidates
ABC-PhD: 100 Candidates(un dottorato da cento)
At now, 53 dottorandi …ABC-PhD Program is you (your value is our value)
100
ABCPhD research fields
1. Advanced Materials and Innovative Systems for Buildings
2. Energy and Environmental Efficient Built Environment
3. Risk prevention and emergency management
4. Architectural Design and Urban Design
5. Complex Buildings Design, Construction and Management
6. Preservation, Valorisation and Promotion of Built Heritage
7. ICT and Smart Systems in Construction and Planning
8. Built Environment Economics and Management
4+6+3
ABCPhD research fields
1. Advanced Materials and Innovative Systems for Buildings
2. Energy and Environmental Efficient Built Environment
3. Risk prevention and emergency management
4. Architectural Design and Urban Design
5. Complex Buildings Design, Construction and Management
6. Preservation, Valorisation and Promotion of Built Heritage
7. ICT and Smart Systems in Construction and Planning
8. Built Environment Economics and Management
Rainwater recovery4+6+1
ABCPhD research fields
1. Advanced Materials and Innovative Systems for Buildings
2. Energy and Environmental Efficient Built Environment
3. Risk prevention and emergency management
4. Architectural Design and Urban Design
5. Complex Buildings Design, Construction and Management
6. Preservation, Valorisation and Promotion of Built Heritage
7. ICT and Smart Systems in Construction and Planning
8. Built Environment Economics and Management
3+2+2
ABCPhD research fields
1. Advanced Materials and Innovative Systems for Buildings
2. Energy and Environmental Efficient Built Environment
3. Risk prevention and emergency management
4. Architectural Design and Urban Design
5. Complex Buildings Design, Construction and Management
6. Preservation, Valorisation and Promotion of Built Heritage
7. ICT and Smart Systems in Construction and Planning
8. Built Environment Economics and Management4+2+2
ABCPhD research fields
1. Advanced Materials and Innovative Systems for Buildings
2. Energy and Environmental Efficient Built Environment
3. Risk prevention and emergency management
4. Architectural Design and Urban Design
5. Complex Buildings Design, Construction and Management
6. Preservation, Valorisation and Promotion of Built Heritage
7. ICT and Smart Systems in Construction and Planning
8. Built Environment Economics and Management
1+3+2
ABCPhD research fields
1. Advanced Materials and Innovative Systems for Buildings
2. Energy and Environmental Efficient Built Environment
3. Risk prevention and emergency management
4. Architectural Design and Urban Design
5. Complex Buildings Design, Construction and Management
6. Preservation, Valorisation and Promotion of Built Heritage
7. ICT and Smart Systems in Construction and Planning
8. Built Environment Economics and Management
3+4+1
ABCPhD research fields
1. Advanced Materials and Innovative Systems for Buildings
2. Energy and Environmental Efficient Built Environment
3. Risk prevention and emergency management
4. Architectural Design and Urban Design
5. Complex Buildings Design, Construction and Management
6. Preservation, Valorisation and Promotion of Built Heritage
7. ICT and Smart Systems in Construction and Planning
8. Built Environment Economics and Management
2+4+6
ABCPhD research fields
1. Advanced Materials and Innovative Systems for Buildings
2. Energy and Environmental Efficient Built Environment
3. Risk prevention and emergency management
4. Architectural Design and Urban Design
5. Complex Buildings Design, Construction and Management
6. Preservation, Valorisation and Promotion of Built Heritage
7. ICT and Smart Systems in Construction and Planning
8. Built Environment Economics and Management
2+3+2
ABC-PhD: 100 Candidates(un dottorato da cento)
100
ABC-PhD
Credits: Disney movie, Monsters University® http://best-wallpaper.net/Disney-movie-Monsters-University_2560x1600.html
“mission”, “vision” and basic principles
Our Mission
to train future researchers for the extensive field of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering.
Trained to face complex questions in complex contexts
Trained to innovate
Our Vision
Our future researchers are self-sufficient, independent “actors”, able to gain an outstanding position at an international level:
as scientist/academic
as intellectuals
as professionals
as entrepreneurs
Trained to face complex questions in complex contextsand to innovate
Our VisionWe aim to become – in few years – the Italian Point of Reference for training experts in all the most critical subjects related to the sustainable (environmental, economical, social and cultural sustainability) transformation and management of the Built Environment ecosystem
Immagine trovata in internet: http://www.gentside.com/phare/wallpaper
What do we want?
per raggiungere i nostri obiettivi, dobbiamo crescere
Per questo abbiamo bisogno del PaesePerché il Paese dia a noi, dobbiamo
cominciare a dare al Paese
FIRST: to make research offer nearer to (synchronized with) the research demand
DEMAND
OFFER
We train people to research+
The research produced in their training
But we risk that nobody ask for them nor their early products, because no demand is linked to their offer
FIRST: to make research offer nearer to (synchronized with) the research demand
DEMAND
OFFER
We must go nearer to stakeholders and let (help) them to express their demand to us
FIRST: to make research offer nearer to (synchronized with) the research demand
DEMAND
OFFER
Moreover, we must be ableto have a bigger demand !!
SECOND: to give our value back to our Country that supports (partly) PhD Programs
We are a 1-HUNDRIED Candidates program.The cost of our PhD Program is 2,0 M€/y and the Country gives us resources only for, about, 1/3 of it.We need to find 2/3 of the budget each year, but, from another point of view, we are able to spend 1/3 of our budget on research and training projects that generate value for us as well as for others (industry, administrations or other entities).
Siamo disponibili a mettere in gioco le nostre (poche) risorse per cofinanziare progetti di interesse comune e per il paese, con un importante potenziale scientifico
29° ciclo - 2013-16 30° ciclo - 2014-17 31° ciclo - 2015-18 32° ciclo - 2016-190
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
senza borsaassegni di ric.borse ABC cofinborse ABCborse estborse MIUR
Our Department (ABC) believes (invests) in Doctoral education
L’entità del finanziamento ministerialesi sta drasticamente riducendo
L’entità del cofinanziamento del dottorato da parte
del settore produttivo sta crescendo
THIRD: to give our Candidatesthe best chances for their future
Bjørn T. Asheim (Stavanger/Lund/Oslo, Norway) Universities, regions and doctoral education, EUA-CDE workshop Aix-Marseille, January 2015)
“The expansion of PhD programs implies that the DOCTORS are not only for academia but also for and private and public organisations that need research based knowledge”. This make “… doctoral education … a resource in promoting regional development”
Such a situation is the best way to value all them
Our principles (the ten pillars)of a competitive, attractive, well working PhD Program
1 – Doctoral Candidates are trained producing original research
Research training is through research itself, working with other researchers, mainly in the ABC Department.Candidate’s activity is embedded in our institutional activity (Sistematica Collaborazione all’interno in programmi di ricerca dipartimentali)
[Salzburg Principles, 1 and 2]
2 – PhD candidates are trained as independent (mentored) researchers
Mentors (tutor, supervisor, advisor) are counsellors, trainers, bosses , and their qualities are:
– Credibility– Integrity– Confidence– Cooperation
Mentorship means to involve, to offer opportunities, also for learning from errors and bearing responsibilities.
Pablo E. Fabisch - http://paesmem.stanford.edu/html/proceedings_4.html
[Salzburg Principles, N.4: Early Stage Researchers, and N.5, The crucial role of supervision …]
3 – PhD training is tailored on the Candidate and his/her objectives
Each Candidate defines, with the Tutor his/her Research and Training Plan (R&Tplan):– A lot of research activity about a
chosen topic (66-85%).– Some formal training (few), to
gain a common starting level and to fill possible gaps, to get basic skills (e.g. research management and communication) and to be updated
4 – PhD candidates are continuously reviewed and assessed
ABC-PhD: study + work + internal review and external assessment– Mentorship comes together with systematic review (6
Milestones) and independent assessment (by external experts) of candidate’s projects and products
– Results are planned and expected from the first year
+
[Salzburg Principles, N.5, The crucial role of supervision and assessment]
5 – Strong relations with other researchers in the global network
There are thousands of researchers in Europe, hundrieds of thousands in the world: the most of them works on similar projects and topics.
http://www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive/phd112006s.gif
[Salzburg Principles, N.9, Increasing mobility]
6 – A management system designedto improve our performances
[Salzburg Recommendation 2.7, Quality and accountability]
7 – High level and wide disciplinar spectrum doctoral training offer
The whole PhD School offers a complex and wide set of courses on may topics and disciplines, with the best international teachers and about the most actual research questions.The Program adds a good number of strategic and specialistic courses and research workshops about our main topics
[Salzburg Principles, N.3: Diversity]
8 – An effective recruitment process
1. Open, efficient, transparent and supportive recruitment procedures , internationally comparable and tailored to the advertised positions.2. A selection based on the research of the compromise among youngers potential, personal motivation and proved competencies.
[Salzburg Recommendation 2.2, Recruitment, admission and status]
9 – Publishing PhD (but not too much)
PhD Candidates are directly involved in active research. Their average number of peer-reviewed publications during the PhD is about 2,0. We aim to grow a lot in the future: not a lot in number, in quality.
Alternative to publication: PATENT!
[Salzburg Principles, N.4: Doctoral Candidates as early stage researchers.]
[Salzburg Reccomendation 2.4, The outcome of their research must be original and suitable for dissemination within the scientific community]
10 – Strong relation with stakeholdersCandidate’s activity is embedded in the institutional activity of the ABC Department, that is defined in a strong relation with stakeholders. Moreover, Candidates are strongly encouraged to stay in relation with stakeholders …
EC Principles for Innovative Doctoral Training in Europe: 5. Exposure to industry and Interface with the labour market
10 – Strong relation with stakeholdersCandidate’s activity is embedded in the institutional activity of the ABC Department, that is defined in a strong relation with stakeholders. Moreover, Candidates are strongly encouraged to stay in relation with stakeholders …
Image from Cheeky Scientist Association, from the post “How To Transition From Academia Into Business”http://cheekyscientist.com/phd-jobs/
… to open the door and look around
Published by AAAS, ILLUSTRATION: ROBERT NEUBECKER
… to open the door and look around
… as soon as possible, before ending your PhD and your scholarship!
WE ARE A GREAT STRUCTURE,with a rich scientific legacyWE WANT to be competitiveand attractive (investors and best students)WE WANT to be (to give back)a value for our COUNTRY
In conclusion:
EC Principles for Innovative Doctoral Training in EU: 6. Attractiveness of the research profession