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Cu
Ag
Industrial process: mining, processing - flotation, smelting - electrolysis Cu, Ag
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Seismic hazards in Poland very low,
but sometimes „induced seismicity”
Last : 19 march 2013
Copper minearea: LUBIN
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Zinc and lead ore Zinc minerals in such a form are present nearly exclusively in Silesia
Zincblende
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Triassic sediments : dolomite Zinc and lead ore : massive-, breccia, impregnation ~ 3% Zn, < 2% Pb
Minerals : galena PbS, sphalerite ZnS, marcasite FeS2 depth : ~ 250m ( 90 - 100m) Thichness ore bodies : cm – several m
WATER INFLOW TO MINES
30 m³/min. It is necessary to pump out significant amounts of underground waters
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A lithological profile of the deposit area indicates the fact that the Triassic dolomites – shally limestone, are mineralized
The deposit is at the depth of 200 – 300 metres.
Lead and zinc minerals contain some amounts of Ag, Cd, Tl.
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Sulphurunderground melting (Frash)hole exploatation
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Tertiary limestones : 19-27 % S
opencast mining (in the past)
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Rock salt
in salt dome
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⇦ Cu 4 salt cyclothems Z1-Z4 located in the roof of copper deposit
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Lignite
Miocene
Opencast
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KATOWICE
OPOLE
SZCZECIN
GDAŃSK
GORZÓWWLKP.
POZNAŃ
BYDGOSZCZ
ŁÓDŹ
WROCŁAW
OLSZTYN
WARSZAWA
BIAŁYSTOK
LUBLIN
KIELCE
RZESZÓWKRAKÓWGliwice
Rybnik
Bielsko--Biala
Zawiercie
Olkusz
Chrzanów
TarnowskieGóry
Bytom
Lubin
Sieroszowice
PolkowiceRudna
Kłodawa
GóraMogilno
Wieliczka
Grzybów
Machów
BaszniaGacki
Jeziórko GrębówWydrza
Wałbrzych
NowaRuda
RadzyńPodlaski Parczew
Włodawa
Chełm
Hrubieszów
Zamość
ŁęcznaBełchatów
Turów
AdamówKoninSieniawak. Sulęcina
Myszków
1
234
56
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Fe-Ti
0 50 100km
KATOWICE
OPOLE
SZCZECIN
GDAÑSK
GORZÓWWLKP.
POZNAÑ
BYDGOSZCZ
£ÓD
WROC£AW
OLSZTYN
WARSZAWA
BIA£YSTOK
LUBLIN
KIELCE
RZESZÓWKRAKÓWGliwice
Rybnik
Bielsko--Biala
Zawiercie
Olkusz
Chrzanów
TarnowskieGóry
Bytom
Lubin
Sieroszowice
PolkowiceRudna
K³odawa
GóraMogilno
Wieliczka
Grzybów
Machów
BaszniaGacki
Jeziórko GrêbówWydrza
Wa³brzych
NowaRuda
RadzyñPodlaski Parczew
W³odawa
Che³m
Hrubieszów
ZamoϾ
£êcznaBe³chatów
Turów
AdamówKoninSieniawak. Sulêcina
Myszków
1
2
56
78
9
0 50 100km
34
today12
3
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Bełchatówlignite deposit
Resources ~ 2 mld t are enough for 2032
production 38,5 Mio. t/aoverburden100-120 mln m³/rwater 190 Mln. t/aThickness: ~55 m (100 m)
Pola górnicze: "Bełchatów", "Szczerców" i "Kamieńsk„mine field.
Power station - 4 320 MW
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Cross section Bełchatow.
1 – Sand, 2 – Shale, mud, 3 – Border Q-Tr, 4 – Lignite, 5 – Salt
KATOWICE
OPOLE
SZCZECIN
GDAŃSK
GORZÓWWLKP.
POZNAŃ
BYDGOSZ
ŁÓDŹ
WROCŁAW
OLSZTYN
WARSZAWA
BIAŁYSTOK
LUBLIN
KIELCE
RZESZÓWKRAKÓWGliwice
Rybnik
Bielsko--Biala
Zawiercie
Olkusz
Chrzanów
TarnowskieGóry
Bytom
Lubin
Sieroszowice
PolkowiceRudna
Kłodawa
GóraMogilno
Wieliczka
Grzybów
Machów
BaszniaGacki
Jeziórko GrębówWydrza
RadzyńPodlaski Parczew
Włodawa
Chełm
Hrubieszów
Zamość
ŁęcznaBełchatów
Turów
AdamówKoninSieniawak. Sulęcina
Myszków
123456
7
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Landfillreclamation
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Turoszów lignite deposit Thickness : ~52,0m
~12 Mio. T/aArea : ~66 km2 Overburden : thickness of the coal seam: 2,6 :1
2032-2040
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KATOWICE
OPOLE
SZCZECIN
GDAŃSK
GORZÓWWLKP.
POZNAŃ
BYDGOSZ
ŁÓDŹ
WROCŁAW
OLSZTYN
WARSZAWA
BIAŁYSTOK
LUBLIN
KIELCE
RZESZÓWKRAKÓWGliwice
Rybnik
Bielsko--Biala
Zawiercie
Olkusz
Chrzanów
TarnowskieGóry
Bytom
Lubin
Sieroszowice
PolkowiceRudna
Kłodawa
GóraMogilno
Wieliczka
Grzybów
Machów
BaszniaGacki
Jeziórko GrębówWydrza
RadzyńPodlaski Parczew
Włodawa
Chełm
Hrubieszów
Zamość
ŁęcznaBełchatów
Turów
AdamówKoninSieniawak. Sulęcina
Myszków
1
234
56
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SIENIAWA underground lignite mine
Glacierfolded
theCoal
Seams
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Resources
Calorific value Sulphur Ash
Coal quality parameters
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Hydrocarbons
Petroleum and natural gas
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1853 pharmacist Ignacy Łukasiewicz switched on the first oil lamp in a hospital in Lvov (this city is in Ukraine now, till the World War Ist it was in the Galician province of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire)
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Enter to energy security
Gazprom
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„ Shale belt in Poland „
37 000 km², , 12% area
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US Department of Energy (2011) estimated shale gas reserves ~22,45 bln m³ (10¹²)
5,3 bln m³ possible
Polish Geological Institute PIG – PIB (2014)
Estimated reserves 346-768 mld m³ (109)
Bituminuos (hard) coal in Poland