“Dat a journalism, Int erdisciplinary Networks and Open Access as Paradigms in t he Consolidat ion of Democrat ic S ociet y” Jesús Flores Complutense University of Madrid EIGHTH CIS SUMMER SEMINAR ON EIGHTH CIS SUMMER SEMINAR ON SOCIOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH Real Colegio Complutense (RCC) - Harvard University August, 3-7, 2015. Cambridge, MA. (USA) "Cybermedia II: Developments and innovations in journalism on the Internet and mobile telephony. Convergences, business models, service and training” (National Plan R+D+i)
Transcript
“Data journalism, Interdisciplinary Networks and Open Access as
Paradigms in the Consolidation of Democratic Society”
Jesús FloresComplutense University of Madrid
EIGHTH CIS SUMMER SEMINAR ON EIGHTH CIS SUMMER SEMINAR ON SOCIOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
"Cybermedia II: Developments and innovations in journalism on the Internet and mobile telephony. Convergences, business models, service and training”
(National Plan R+D+i)
Overview
Society is demanding of the media more rigor and professionalism in their publications.
In journalism, ICT, Internet and online databases provide high capacity to process, compare and analyze data and information that needs and should know society.
Overview
But, transforming data in accessible information that needs society, requires new journalistic techniques to which other disciplines of knowledge are added.
The combination of these factors has generated a new journalistic model that is known as Data journalism (Tascón, 2014).
1. Introduction WHAT´S DATA JOURNALISM?
It is a form of investigative journalism that uses informatics (e.g. computers, applications and algorithms), statistics and sociology to search, to contrast, visualize, combine data and provide information from different sources, public or private (Bradshaw, 2011).
2. Hypothesis / Variables
Well…(5W) Why is important this kind of journalism? What skills are needed? Where to learn / get this professional profile? Whoever takes up the challenge? The journalism school? or,
media companies? And news organizations, Are adapted to this new media?
When are we going to start? How does this new journalism in an increasingly networked
society? Can you help data journalism to strengthen democracy?
2. Hypothesis / Variables
To answer these variables is necessary: To research and describe the operation of this new model that
grows increasingly in new digital media;
Analyze its influence in the world of information and its applications in the journalistic profession and its impact on society;
Track activity of data journalism and open access to information as a priority for the consolidation of democracy;
Foment training based on interdisciplinary knowledge necessary for the creation of new journalistic profile.
3. Journalism, Democracy and Open Access to information Abdul Waheed Khan - Assistant Director
General for Communication and Information of the UNESCO says in the report's foreword: ““Model Curricula for Journalism Education”Model Curricula for Journalism Education” (Unesco, 2007):
“Journalism and educational programs that enable people to use and improve their journalistic skills are essential tools to support key democratic principles that are vital to the development of all countries”
3. Data journalism, Interdisciplinary Networks and Open 3. Data journalism, Interdisciplinary Networks and Open Access in the Consolidation of Democratic Society”Access in the Consolidation of Democratic Society” DESIGN METHODOLOGY DESIGN METHODOLOGY
We used a methodology based on the review of documents on data journalism.
And access to the bibliography on: Background and history of investigative journalism.Background and history of investigative journalism. Evolution of research teams in newspapersEvolution of research teams in newspapers Training in Science and Technology in Faculty of Training in Science and Technology in Faculty of
Communication.Communication.
3. Data journalism, Interdisciplinary Networks and Open 3. Data journalism, Interdisciplinary Networks and Open Access in the Consolidation of Democratic Society”Access in the Consolidation of Democratic Society” DESIGN METHODOLOGY DESIGN METHODOLOGY
2nd method used was direct observation: Access to websites of media reference of data
journalism (e.g. for preparation records with fields interest).
Access to the websites of universities with degrees in journalism or communication, whose curricula refer to data journalism (courses, specialization courses, master and others)
3. Data journalism, Interdisciplinary Networks and Open 3. Data journalism, Interdisciplinary Networks and Open Access in the Consolidation of Democratic Society”Access in the Consolidation of Democratic Society” DESIGN METHODOLOGY DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3rd method consisted of interviews with professionals in the media.
In short, we believe that ethnographic techniques In short, we believe that ethnographic techniques used in this study conform to objectives of used in this study conform to objectives of proposalproposal
Those who study and practice to data journalism know that Adrian Holovaty is a journalist and programmer.
Holovaty (2005) used the Google Maps source code and statistical from databases published online by the Chicago Police Department on the various crimes committed in that city and he created a web site called Chicago Crime.org.
Investigative journalism with examples 1967 and 1989.
Bill Detman. Atlanta and Constitution Journal. “The Color of Money” (1989):
In 1989, Bill Dedman (The Atlanta Journal) analyzed the loans granted by credit institutions in Atlanta.
Dedman showed that African Americans were required to have double incomes than white people, to receive money for interest.
The series of reports, which won the Pulitzer Prize (in 1989) for Investigative Journalism, it is named The Color of Money
But, in 1989, Dedman did not have the technology today to analyze large amounts of data, so the color of money is the closest thing to what is known as Precision Journalism (by Philipp Meyer, 1974, from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).
“PJ is a news reporting that develops and interprets (technical rigor) scientific data [quantitative or qualitative] with methods sociological research and information” (José Luis Dader ,1993)
Bill Detman. Atlanta and Constitution Journal. “The Color of Money” (1989):
Philip Meyer. Detroit Free Press, “People Beyond 12th Street” (1967):
• Sociological survey and analysis statistical about results on the social factors of the great racial riots in Detroit, on July 23, 1967 • 43 dead,
• nearly 500 injured,
• 7,200 arrested,
• 2,000 buildings destroyed in one week.The race was the key factor...
Philip Meyer. Detroit Free Press, “People Beyond 12th Street” (1967):
Where did you spent yourhis childhood?
SOUTH NORTH
Participated in riots
8% 25%
Did not participate
92% 75%
Total 100% 100% N=437
4. Transversal / Interdisciplinary training
From the 90s to today, journalists use a variety of tools in their daily routine… Spreadsheets, Database managers, Intranets, Complex mapping programs, Search for information in databases, Applications online, etc.
CAR (Computer Assisted Reporting)
Today, the news is processed with different techniques and presented well…DJ&NM
5. Conclusions
The needs of professional profiles, as data journalist, is indicative of the need to adapt or die, by what is necessary to design training plans interdisciplinary.
Consequently, more science and more technology in the academic training of journalism.
What does this imply? Implies the need for to create programs Science and Technology Studies (STS).
