2015 Police Survey Results

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General Survey2015

Winnipeg Police ServiceA Culture of Safety for All


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THE WINNIPEG POLICE SERVICE GENERAL SURVEY, 2015

The 2015 Winnipeg Police Service public opinion survey was conducted between September 1and 5, 2015. A total of 606 respondents answered over 100 questions concerning theirinvolvement with, and opinion of, the Winnipeg Police Service. In addition to providing feedbackabout perceptions of crime, safety and Police Services activities, a public opinion survey is a

requirement under the CALEA (Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies)accreditation standards followed by the Winnipeg Police Service. Many of the questions on thesurvey are “tracking” questions. They have remained unchanged for over 10 years, throughseven surveys, and can be used to measure the changing attitudes of citizens over the years.Revisions in this survey include additional questions on general policing and satisfaction issuesas well as more questions about traffic issues.

Many of the questions are intended to assess citizens’ involvement with the Police Service overthe past year and many of the survey questions are phrased “In the past 12 months did you …”(in regards to the Winnipeg Police). Thus, the responses generally equate to parts of both the2014 and 2015 years although the survey was conducted in 2015. The WPS general surveyprior to this one was reported in 2013.

About half of the questions were answered by all 606 respondents but the other half wereanswered by less. For example, question A4.1 asks respondents if they believe crime hasincreased, decreased or stayed the same in their neighbourhood. Those who said “increased”(N=118), were asked a follow-up question, A4.2, concerning which crimes they felt hadincreased. The follow-up question was not appropriate, or asked, of respondents who felt crimehad decreased or remained the same. These citizens “skipped” this question and so the numberof respondents who actually answered was less than the total 606. Throughout this report,where appropriate, reference will be made to the “N” or number of people who answered aspecific question. If the “N” is not mentioned, it may be assumed that all 606 respondentsanswered.


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METHODOLOGY

Winnipeg residents were surveyed by telephone by Prairie Research Associates (PRA) ofWinnipeg, Manitoba, from September 1-5, 2015. Phone numbers were randomly selected andrespondents were allowed to complete the survey if they were Winnipeg residents (inside the

Perimeter Highway) and adults.

Several quotas were imposed on the survey:

• That 52% of the respondents should be female (Census Canada);

• That at least 10% of the total respondents must come from postal code areas relating topolice District 1.

• That at least 18% of the total respondents must come from postal code areas relating topolice District 3.

• It was expected that the ages of the respondents should generally correspond with thedemographics of the city as defined by the Canadian Census.

Because the field window of this survey was short, at just over four days, the opinions of therespondents were likely not influenced by events involving the WPS that occurred and werereported while the survey was being conducted.

As with all surveys, this instrument attempts to estimate the opinions of the entire adultpopulation of Winnipeg by interviewing a small sample of them. This is an exercise inprobabilities since it cannot be known for certain how the entire population feels unless weactually talk to each of them. This uncertainty is expressed as a margin of error. In this case themargin of error is 3.75%. This means that, if 40% of survey respondents say they think crime

has increased in Winnipeg in the past year, the actual percentage of Winnipeg residents thatbelieves this will probably fall between 36.25% and 43.75%.

Or, to put it another way, if 38% of men say they think crime has increased in Winnipeg in thepast year and 42% of women say they think crime has increased in Winnipeg in the past year,these values must be treated as equal as they fall within the margin of error.

Unlike previous surveys, PRA was able to monitor whether a respondent was using a land lineor cell phone. Of the 606 completed surveys, 52 (8.6%) were done by cell phone users. As theratio between land line and cell phone in Canada continues to shift towards mobile devices, itbecomes increasingly imperative to be able to tap into the cell phone using portion of thepopulace to conduct accurate research. It will be necessary in the future to continue to monitor

phone type for the respondents to WPS surveys, and to expect to see the ratio of mobilephones increasing.


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The Organizational Development and Support Division (ODS) of the Winnipeg Police Servicewas responsible for writing and commissioning the survey. This unit also completed the analysisof the data once it was forwarded from PRA. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS(Statistics Package for the Social Sciences).

The responses to each question were assessed in a number of ways. The frequency and

percentage of the entire pool of respondents to every question was assessed, of course, butalso the frequency of response by the gender, age, police district of residence, educational leveland household income of the respondents.

In some questions these breakouts yielded interesting information but not in others. If theresponses to a question were statistically significant when these variables were assessed, thisfact is cited in the report. Otherwise there is no mention made of these data.

Five questions scattered throughout the survey specifically asked respondents if they had had apersonal interaction with a WPS officer or member. All respondents, 240 in total, who answered“yes” to any of these questions, were placed in a data grouping of those who “had contact” withthe WPS in the past year. All others (366) were placed in a “no contact” group. “Contact” was

used as a demographic for certain questions, to see how the fact of having personal contactwith the police had affected the opinions of the respondents.


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Public Opinion of the Winnipeg Police Service

Respondents were asked their overall opinion about the quality of police service in

Winnipeg. This is a tracking question and has been asked in every survey since 1999. Over

seventy percent of the respondents rated the WPS as excellent-good compared with 5%who rated it as poor-very poor. The good-excellent score is up 11% from 2010, and is the

best rating seen for this question since 2003.

Overall 91% reported that they had confidence in the police with 50% saying they had a

“great deal of confidence”. Overall 81% reported that they felt the police were trustworthy

usually or all the time. Overall 71% rated the police good to excellent for their

professionalism. Overall 67% reported that they felt the police rated good to excellent for

their level of courtesy.

Seven percent indicated they had not very much or no confidence at all in the police; 4%

percent indicated the police were rarely or not at all trustworthy; 6% percent rated the WPSas poor-very poor for their level of professionalism and 5% indicated the police were poor or

very poor for courtesy.

In total, these numbers are positive but there are certainly areas for improvement in the

eyes of the public.

Winnipeg in a Comparative Perspective

Compared to past surveys, more Winnipeg residents feel that crime in this city is about

equivalent with that seen in other Canadian cities. This is an improvement from past surveys

as respondents have always expressed the opinion that Winnipeg had more crime thanother Canadian cities. Further, the majority of respondents believe that the crime rate in the

city has stabilized and not changed over the last year.

Neighbourhood Safety

Almost all (95%) of the respondents felt that they would be safe walking in their

neighbourhood during the day and a majority (71%) said they felt reasonably or very safe

walking in their neighbourhood after dark. This is a significant improvement from past

surveys, in which 57% of respondents felt safe walking in their neighborhood after dark.

These are positive results towards creating a culture of safety for all.

When asked about the visible presence of the police in their neighbourhood, 60% thought

there were just about the right number of officers. On the other hand, 5%

said there are too many officers, and this is an increase from previous surveys, in which only

about 1% said there were too many officers. Further, the number of respondents who

thought there were too few officers declined by 14% from the average of previous surveys.


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Shift in Reporting Preferences

58% said that they would prefer to report incidents to the police by phone. This is a

significant decrease from a 79% average in previous surveys. 23% said they would prefer to

report over the internet, a very sizeable increase from the 8% who wanted this option in

2013. Younger residents (34%) were much more likely to want to report over the internet

than older ones (12%).

Decrease in Support for Photo Radar

The 2015 results show a decline in support for photo-radar cameras. The overall approval

rate has decreased 12.1% from 2007 to this survey, and the number who strongly approve

has declined 19.4%. In concert with this, the number that strongly disapproves has

increased by 6.0% from 2007. Citizen support for camera enforcement is still high, but is

clearly weakening.

Opportunities for Improvement

Respondents surveyed who had personal contact with the police were more likely than

those who had not been in contact with the police to rate the service as poor or very poor for

customer service elements and overall quality. In most instances, less positive ratings for

customer service elements doubled for respondents who had contact with the police

compared to those who had not. This was most evident for younger respondents overall and

District 1 respondents in particular.

29% of individuals surveyed indicated that they would feel unsafe or very unsafe walking

alone downtown, even in daytime, while 81% reported they would feel unsafe or very unsafe

walking alone downtown after dark. Further, 91% of females said they would feel unsafe

walking alone downtown after dark.

Of those respondents who had reported an incident, 88% said they did not know if anyone

was arrested or charged because of the incident. This was noted as a negative issue in

previous surveys. Further 72% of those who had reported an incident said they had received

no further information from the police about their case – 53% of these said this was “not

satisfactory”.


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KEY FINDINGS

• Respondents were asked their overall opinion about the quality of police service in

Winnipeg. This question has been asked in the last seven WPS general public surveys

and the results can be seen below (Question H10):

H10. In general, what is your feeling about the overall quality of police service in Winnipeg?Do you feel the quality of police service is …?

2001 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2015

Excellent 15.0% 15.0% 12.1% 7.8% 13.4% 17.8% 19.8%

Good 56.0% 57.0% 54.7% 55.0% 47.5% 52.3% 51.8%

Average 23.0% 24.0% 28.5% 31.2% 31.9% 24.4% 22.4%

Poor 4.0% 2.0% 2.7% 4.3% 3.9% 3.4% 4.3%

VeryPoor

0.0% 1.0% 1.3% 0.5% 1.3% 1.1% 0.7%

NoOpinion

1.0% 0.0% 0.7% 1.3% 2.1% 1.0% 1.0%

• Over seventy percent (71.6%) of the respondents rated the WPS as excellent or good(topbox score) compared with 5% who rated it as poor-very poor (lowbox score). Thetopbox score is up 11% from 2010, and is the best rating seen for this question since2003. The 71.6% topbox score should be seen as a confirmation of the “above average”rating seen in the 2013 survey.

H10. In general, what is your feeling about the overall quality of police service in Winnipeg?

Do you feel the quality of police service is …?Topbox and lowbox scores

2001 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2015

Topbox 71.0% 72.2% 66.8% 62.8% 60.9% 70.1% 71.6%

Lowbox 4.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.8% 5.2% 2.1% 5.0%

• Respondents who had personal contact with the police were more likely to rate the

service as poor or very poor for customer service elements such as trustworthiness,

professionalism, courtesy, confidence in fair treatment and overall quality.

• This was most evident for District 1 respondents. Here, 21.4% of those who had had

contact rated the WPS as poor-very poor, compared to only 5.1% of those who had hadno contact (Question H10).

• More Winnipeg residents feel that crime in the city overall has remained the same over

the past year. Of the remainder, more feel that crime decreased and fewer feel that

crime has increased than in recent past surveys (Question A1).

• Females (32%) were more likely than males (23%) to feel that crime had increased;

males were more likely (19%) to feel that crime had decreased than females (8%)

(Question A1).


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• District 3 residents were more likely than others to feel that crime was increasing; they

were also more likely than others to feel crime overall was decreasing (Question A1).

• In past surveys, the largest number of surveyed citizens felt Winnipeg had more crime

than other Canadian cities. This year, however, more respondents believed that

Winnipeg has about the same amount of crime (45%) (Question A2).

• Of the remainder, the percentage that believes we have more crime in Winnipeg hasdecreased from 45% to 35% and the percentage that feels we have less crime has

increased from 9% to 14% (Question A2).

• When queried about how they view their own neighbourhood (Question A3), the majority

of respondents, 64%, thought they lived in a low crime area.

• The majority of Winnipeg respondents, 67%, felt that crime rates in their neighbourhood

had remained about the same as last year (Question A4.1). 19% felt that crime had

increased in their neighbourhood and 11% believed that crime had decreased.

• 33% of respondents living in District 1 felt crime had increased in their neighbourhood,

compared to 17% of residents from the rest of the city (Question A4.1).

•

Those who felt crime was on the increase, stated specifically (Question A4.2):o Car/garage break-ins 21.8%

o B&E 21.8%

o Theft from cars, car vandalism / graffiti 12.8%

o Theft under /bicycle theft 10.5%

• When asked to rate a number of neighbourhood problems in terms of their seriousness,

respondents overall selected “traffic violations” as being the most serious, followed by

“drug problems” and “vandalism/graffiti” (Question A5) .

• Almost all (95%) of the respondents felt that they would be safe walking in their

neighbourhood during the day (combines responses very safe + reasonably safe)

(Question A7).• When asked if they felt safe in their neighbourhood after dark a majority (71%) said they

felt reasonably or very safe (Question A8). This is a significant improvement from the

average of the 2010 and 2007 surveys, in which 57% of respondents felt safe walking in

their neighbourhood after dark.

• As in previous surveys, males (84%) were much more likely than females (59%) to feel

safe walking in their neighbourhood after dark (Question A8).

• 70% of all respondents indicated that they feel safe or relatively safe walking alone

downtown in daytime. 29% though, indicated this scenario would make them feel unsafe

or very unsafe (Question A9).

• It is interesting to note that a higher percentage of Division 1 respondents, felt safer

(76%) walking alone downtown in daytime than did respondents from other districts

(67% average).


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• Only 17% of all respondents said they would feel safe or relatively safe walking alone

downtown after dark, while 81% reported they would feel unsafe or very unsafe. Further,

91% of females said they would feel unsafe walking alone downtown after dark

(Question A10).

• When those who never use public transport are factored out, 61.8% of respondents state

they would be somewhat to very worried waiting/using public transportation after dark.

About 20% said they would not be at all concerned (Question A11.1).

• When those who never use public transport are factored out, 71% of females state they

would be somewhat to very worried waiting/using public transportation after dark

compared with 51% of males. Only 8% of females said they would not be at all

concerned (Question A11.1).

• 18% of the respondents indicated that they were the victim of a crime in the past year

that they did not report to the police (Question A12.1; 85% percent of the unreported

crimes were property offenses while 15% were personal crimes (Question A12.2).

• About half (54%) of the 31 respondents who had used online reporting said they were

satisfied with their experience (Question B3) although 22% reported they were not very

satisfied or not at all satisfied with the WPS online reporting.

• Respondents were asked how they would prefer to report a crime to the police (Question

B4). 58% said that they would prefer to report by phone, down from 79% average in

previous surveys. 23% (up from 8% in 2013) said they would prefer to report over the

internet. Younger residents (34%) were much more likely to want to report over the

internet than older ones (12%).

• Of those respondents who had reported an incident 88% said they did not know if

anyone was arrested or charged because of the incident (Question C13). This suggests

an area where improved communication is needed.

• Of the respondents who were contacted by the police for any reason in the past year,

78.5% reported they were happy or satisfied with the encounter (Question D3).

• 12.3% expressed more negative emotions, an improvement from 30% who were

negative about this contact in 2013 (Question D3). Also, the trend towards older

respondents expressing negative feelings about police contacts is not evident in the2015 results.

• A total of 25 (4.1%) respondents had had an occasion to complain about the conduct of

a Winnipeg Police Service officer (Question F1). Of these, three proceeded to make a

complaint with the Police Service (Question F2.1).

• 70.8% of respondents approved of the use of mobile photo enforcement cameras, either

strongly or moderately (Question G1).


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• The concept that support for photo-radar cameras has declined over time is supported

by the 2015 results. The overall approval rate has declined 12.1% from 2007 to this

survey, and the number who strongly approve has declined 19.4%. Furthermore, the

number that strongly disapproves has increased by 6.0% from 2007 (Question G1).

• 81% of respondents approved of the use of red light cameras, either strongly or

moderately. A higher percentage of females (85%) approve of the cameras than do

males (73.6%) (Question G2).

• The approval pattern seen in the responses to the photo-radar question is evident here

as well but is less apparent. The overall approval rate for red light cameras has declined

7.4% from 2007 to this survey, and the number who strongly approve has declined

12.4%. Correspondingly, the number that strongly disapproves has increased by 4.5%

(Question G2).

• 75.5% of respondents would approve of a plan to install photo-radar cameras in areaswhich have had frequent collisions or traffic events. A higher percentage of females

(82%) approve of this concept than do males (68.1%) (Question G5).

• Respondents were asked their opinion of the WPS placing photo enforcement cameras

at any location, solely at the discretion of the Police Service. A slimmer majority of the

citizens (57.3%) approved of this concept, 24% of them strongly.

Almost 40% did not approve of the police placing cameras in this manner (Question G6).

• Overall, 80.8% of respondents approve, moderately or strongly, of photo-radar camera

installations in association with new speed reduction zone near schools. Of these, 51.3%

strongly approve. (Question G4)

• Respondents approve of the red light and photo radar cameras even if someone in their

household has received a ticket (question G3). 67% of respondents whose household

had received a photo radar ticket approved of the cameras, compared with the overall

frequency of 70.8% (Question G1).

• Almost 80% of respondents whose household had received a red light ticket approved of

the cameras, unchanged from the overall frequency of 80.5% (Question G2).

•

Just over 7% (n=45) of all respondents had been stopped by a Winnipeg Police Serviceofficer for a traffic violation during the last year (question G8.1). This is in line with the

results of most previous surveys, but a considerable decline from the result seen in the

2013 survey.

• Those who said they were stopped by a police officer for a traffic violation in the last year

(N=45) were asked if they thought they had been treated fairly by the officer (question

G8.2). 67% thought the police had been fair or very fair but 34% thought the police had

been unfair or very unfair. This 34% was an increase from past surveys.


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• Residents are generally satisfied with the current level of traffic enforcement. The

percent saying the level of traffic enforcement should stay the same has risen, quite

consistently, from 38% in 1997 to 65% in 2015. (Question G10).

•

Respondents who wanted more traffic enforcement were asked which traffic offencesthey thought police should concentrate on (question G11). The top three responses

were: cell phone use/texting/driving distracted (30.9%), speeding (26.5%) and impaired

driving (9.6%).

• When asked about the visible presence of the police in their neighbourhood (question

H2) 60.4% thought there were just about the right number of officers. On the other hand,

5% said there are too many officers, and this is a noted increase from previous surveys,

in which an average of only 1.3% said there were too many officers. Further, the

number of respondents who thought there were too few officers declined by 14% from

the average of previous surveys.

• When asked to rank a variety of possible police actions, respondents assigned the

highest score to “conducting criminal investigations” following by “responding promptly to

calls”. In the 2013 survey, “concentrated effort on gang enforcement” was the top rated

activity, followed by “conducting criminal investigations”. (Question H4)

• In both 2013 and 2015 surveys, respondents rated “concentrated effort on (street people

– 2013) intoxicated persons”, lowest on the suggested WPS priorities list.

• Respondents who had reported an incident to the police (n=86) (Question C11.1) were

asked: “Did police provide you with information about the progress or outcome of the

investigation at a later time?” In total, 15% said “yes” they were provided with

information, while 72% said “no”. In the 2013 survey, 63.0% indicated “no”.

• 53% said it was not satisfactory that the police did not provide them with any information

concerning the outcome of their investigation. Similar results have been seen in past

surveys, again suggesting an area for improvement for the WPS. (Question C11.2).

• Respondents who had contacted, and had had their event investigated by, the police in

the last year were queried about officer courtesy (question C10). Overall, 75% said that

the police had been somewhat or very courteous.

• 14% felt the police officer(s) they had dealt with were “not at all courteous”. This is

double the frequency of reported non-courteous officers/events from the 2013 survey.

While this is a low figure it still presents a concern and a need to improve on public

service delivery (Question C10).


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• Overall 67% reported that they felt the police rated good to excellent for their level of

courtesy. 5% indicated the police were poor or very poor for courtesy. There was a slight

divide between respondents by age, with 9% of the younger respondents rating the

police as poor-very poor compared to 2% of older respondents. (Question H7)

• Of those respondents who had called police and had their event investigated, only 36%

responded that the police did a good job (Question C14), a clear decline from the past

five surveys (61.6% average). Conversely, 29% thought the police had done a poor job,

well above the average of around 13.7% for the previous five surveys.

• When asked: “Do you think the Winnipeg Police Service does a good job, an average

job or a poor job of being approachable and easy to talk to?” (Question H5.3), younger

respondents were less likely to rate the police highly for being approachable (58%) than

older ones (65%) and more likely to rate them as poor for this attribute (11% versus 4%

of respondents aged 55+).

• Further analysis reveals that if the younger respondent had contact with the police in the

past year, they were even more likely (20% as opposed to 11% of all people in this age

group) to rate the police as “poor” in terms of approachability. Despite this, those

younger respondents who had had contact with the police were also more likely (63.5%)

to rate the police as “good” for being approachable than were those who had no contact

(53.7%) (Question H5.3).

• Question H5.6 asks “Do you think the Winnipeg Police Service does a good job, an

average job or a poor job of treating people fairly?” Almost 60% of the respondents

overall rated the police as “good” for this attribute. 9.7% rated the WPS as poor.

• The likelihood of rating the police as “poor” decreased with age, from 15.0% of younger

respondents to 4.1% of older respondents. This 11% difference between younger and

older respondents becomes even greater when this variable is assessed by whether or

not the respondent had had contact with the police in the last year. 20% of younger

respondents who had had contact rated the police as “poor” compared to just 1.8% of

older citizens (Question H5.6).

• Overall 71% (75.9% in 2013) reported that they felt the police rated good to excellent for

their professionalism. (Question H6)

• Overall 81% reported that they felt the police were trustworthy usually or all the time(Question H8). Four percent indicated the police were rarely or not at all trustworthy,

rising to 8% of those who had personal contact with the police.

• Overall 91% reported that they had a great deal or some confidence in the police,

although only 50% said they had a “great deal of confidence”. Seven percent indicated

they had not very much or no confidence at all in the police, rising to 13.3% of those who

had personal contact with the police.


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DEMOGRAPHICS

GENDER

The actual population surveyed, by gender, was 53.1% female and 46.9% male. This comparesto the composition of the City of Winnipeg from the 2011 census showing 51.4% females and

48.9% males. Both genders were generally proportionally represented throughout all the agecategories with a somewhat higher than expected percentage of younger males (56%) andolder females (57%) completing the survey (question: gender).

Respondent Gender and Age Cross tabulation

Total RESPONDENT AGE

18-34 Years 35-54 Years 55 Years plus

Male 48% 53% 46% 46%

Female 52% 47% 54% 54%

Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015

AGE

Almost 30% percent (29.7%) of the respondents fell into the 18-34 years of age category, thirty-eight percent (38.2%) in the 35-54 years of age category and thirty-two point two (32.2%) fallingin the 55+years of age category (question J3).

This compares very favourably with the 2011 Canadian census which shows that the actualcomposition of adults in Winnipeg is: 30.2% 18-34 years, 36.1% 35-54 years and 33.7% 55 andover.

An examination of more specific age categorization reveals that the greatest number of surveyswas answered by respondents aged 45-54 years (141 respondents) and the fewest respondents(8) fell in the 85 years of age or older group (question J3).


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EDUCATION

Respondents were asked to give the highest level of formal education they had achieved(question J5). The most frequently cited response was “completed university degree” (26%),followed by “completed high school” (21%), “and “completed college degree or diploma” (18%).

By region, Districts 1 and 3 had the greatest number of respondents who had not completedhigh school while District 2 had the greatest number who had completed a university degree.

J5. What is the highest level of formal education you have achieved?

DISTRICT

TOTAL DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT

2

DISTRICT

3

DISTRICT

4

Less than high school 5% 7% 2% 7% 5%Completed high school 21% 25% 16% 27% 21%

Some college or university 17% 15% 20% 11% 17%

Community college

degree / diploma18% 19% 16% 23% 16%

Completed university degree 26% 19% 26% 23% 29%

Completed university graduate

degree12% 10% 17% 7% 11%

Don't know / no response 2% 3% 3% 1%


HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Data on annual household income was collected in six categories with the four groups between$30,000 and $250,000 being relative equally represented (question J5). As is common inopinion surveys, a significant number of respondents (n=103, 17%) refused to answer thisquestion. The remaining respondents (n=503) were well distributed throughout the incomecategories, with the exception of earning under $30,000, representing only 9%.

As might be expected, the average household income varied by police district. District 1 had thegreatest percentage of respondents in the under $50,000 category (48%), District 3 had thegreatest number of respondents in the $50,000-$100,000 category (39%) and District 4 had thegreatest number of respondents in the over $100,000 (27%) category.


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J5. What is the highest level of formal education you have achieved?

DISTRICT

TOTAL DISTRICT

1

DISTRICT

2

DISTRICT

3

DISTRICT

4

Under $30,000 9% 24% 7% 14% 5%

$30,000 to $50,000 15% 24% 12% 16% 14%

$50,001 to $75,000 18% 15% 20% 18% 17%

$75,001 to $100,000 18% 10% 18% 21% 20%

$100,001 to $250,000 22% 10% 24% 16% 26%

More than $250,000 1% 1% 1% 1%

Don't know / refused 17% 16% 18% 15% 17%


RESPONDENT RESIDENCE

The residence of the respondents was recorded by asking their postal code. For ease ofanalysis the postal code areas have been combined into groups generally corresponding to thefive police districts (Question 0).

Respondent Distribution by Postal Code andDistrict of Residence

DISTRICT

Postal

Code Total District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4R2C 21 21

R2E 3 3

R2G 30 30

R2H 12 12

R2J 16 16

R2K 32 32

R2L 7 7

R2M 35 35

R2N 38 38

R2P 37 37R2R 19 19

R2V 25 25

R2W 18 18

R2X 25 25

R2Y 10 10

R3A 2 2

R3B 10 10

R3C 14 14


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R3E 18 18

R3G 23 23

R3J 15 15

R3K 13 13

R3L 7 7

R3M 19 19R3N 9 9

R3P 19 19

R3R 26 26

R3T 56 56

R3V 7 7

R3W 8 8

R3X 17 17

R3Y 15 15

Total 606 67 196 124 219


Postal code quotas were incorporated into the bidding process to ensure that an adequatenumber of residents of the central and northern parts of the city were surveyed. Other thanthese, and the gender quota, the distribution of respondents around the city was the result ofrandom sampling. The sampled frequencies of respondents who live in each of the policedistricts can be seen in the above table.

NEIGHBOURHOOD AND CITY TENURE

Data were collected on the length of time the respondents had been resident in the City ofWinnipeg and in their current neighbourhood. Overall, 57% of all respondents had lived in theircurrent neighbourhood for more than 10 years (question J1). Twenty-four percent (24% in 2013and 25.3% in 2010) of the respondents had been resident for five years or less. As expected,older residents have greater tenure than younger. For example, 52% of respondents (48% in2013) aged 55 or older have lived in their current neighbourhood for at least 25 years. Incontrast, only 11% of this group (13% in 2013) had moved within the past five years. Foryounger respondents (18-34 years), 39% (42% in 2013) had been resident in theirneighbourhood for 11 years or more but 40% (36% in 2013) had moved into theirneighbourhood within the last five years.


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J1. About how long have you lived in your neighbourhood?

DISTRICT

TOTAL DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4

One year or less 5% 9% 5% 5% 5%

2-5 years 19% 25% 22% 20% 13%

6-10 years 19% 25% 20% 15% 19%

11-25 years 33% 27% 29% 35% 37%

More than 25 years 24% 13% 24% 25% 26%

Don't know 0% 0%


J1. About how long have you lived in your neighbourhood?

TOTAL RESPONDENT AGE GENDER

18-34

YEARS

35-54

YEARS

55+ YEARS Male Female

One year or less 5% 11% 3% 3% 5% 5%

2-5 years 19% 29% 20% 8% 18% 19%

6-10 years 19% 21% 25% 11% 19% 19%

11-25 years 33% 31% 39% 26% 36% 30%

More than 25 years 24% 8% 13% 52% 22% 26%

Don't know 0% 0% 0%


Respondents in District 1 were the most mobile, with 34% having moved with the past five yearscompared to a mean of 23.3% of the survey respondents overall. Sixty-three percent of District4 respondents had lived in their neighbourhood for 11 years or more, which was the highestpercentage, but only 5 points above the average for the respondents city-wide.

Well over half of the respondents (58%, 65.5% in 2013) reported that they had lived in Winnipegfor more than 25 years. Only 8% (10% in 2013) reported they had been here 10 years or less(Question J2). District 4, at 64%, had the highest percentage of respondents who have lived inWinnipeg for more than 25 years and the lowest, 2%,who have lived here for five years or less. District One was the opposite, with 11% having beenhere 5 years or less and 48% more than 25 years.


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J2. And how long have you lived in The City of Winnipeg?

TOTAL DISTRICT

DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4One year or less 1% 4% 1% 0%

2-5 years 5% 7% 7% 6% 2%

6-10 years 8% 10% 11% 9% 5%

11-25 years 28% 30% 31% 24% 27%

More than 25 years 58% 48% 52% 60% 64%

Don't know 0% 1%


J2. And how long have you lived in The City of Winnipeg?


18-34

YEARS

35-54

YEARS

55+ YEARS Male Female

One year or less 1% 3% 1% 0%

2-5 years 5% 9% 4% 2% 5% 5%

6-10 years 8% 12% 10% 3% 10% 7%

11-25 years 28% 51% 25% 10% 28% 28%

More than 25 years 58% 25% 60% 85% 55% 60%Don't know 0% 1% 0% 0% 0%


As would be expected, the percentage of respondents who have lived in Winnipeg for manyyears increases with the age of the respondent. In the 55+ age group, 85% have lived inWinnipeg for more than 25 years.


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KEY FINDINGS

A. CRIME AND SAFETY

When asked about the city as a whole (question A1), the majority of respondents (55%) felt thatcrime had remained the same over the last year or two. This figure is a continuation of the

considerable increase for the “stayed the same” response from previous surveys (52.6% in2013, 30% in 2010 and 17% in 2007). The number who felt crime had increased, 28% (34.3% in2013), was a significant reduction from how respondents felt in the past (62.6% average from2001-2010 thought crime had increased).

Thirteen percent (9.9% in 2013) of the citizens felt that crime had decreased in Winnipeg. Thisis an improvement on previous surveys in which only about six percent of respondents felt crimewas on the decrease. Opinions concerning crime trends in Winnipeg did not vary much by theage of respondents but there were some variations apparent by gender. Women were morelikely (32% compared to 23%) than men to believe that crime had increased and less likely (8%compared to 19%) than men to feel that crime had decreased.

A1. Thinking of the last year or so – Do you think that crime has increased, decreased, orremained about the same in the city of Winnipeg?

2001 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2015

Increased 68.0% 54.0% 57.3% 75.0% 59.3% 34.3% 28.0%

Decreased 4.0% 6.0% 6.0% 4.0% 6.9% 9.9% 13.0%

Remained same 23.0% 37.0% 31.8% 17.0% 30.1% 52.6% 55.0%

No opinion 5.0% 4.0% 4.9% 3.0% 3.8% 3.2% 4.0%


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A1. Thinking of the last year or so – Do you think that crime has increased, decreased, or

remained about the same in the city of Winnipeg?


18-34 YEARS 35-54 YEARS 55+ YEARS Male Female

Increased 28% 28% 30% 25% 23% 32%

Decreased 13% 10% 14% 14% 19% 8%

Remained about the same 55% 58% 53% 55% 55% 55%

No opinion 4% 4% 3% 6% 3% 5%


More respondents from District 3 (37%, 43% in 2013) believed that crime in Winnipeg overallhad increased than did residents in the rest of the city (28%, 32.5% in 2013). About the samepercentage of people in all districts believed that crime had decreased but more citizens inDistrict 4 (59%) and 2 (58%) felt that crime had remained the same than did those in districts 1and 3 (48.5% average).

A1. Thinking of the last year or so – Do you think that crime has increased, decreased, or

remained about the same in the city of Winnipeg?

TOTAL DISTRICT

DISTRICT

1

DISTRICT

2

DISTRICT

3

DISTRICT

4

Increased 28% 31% 24% 37% 24%

Decreased 13% 15% 12% 15% 12%

Remained about the same 55% 51% 58% 46% 59%

No opinion 4% 3% 6% 2% 5%


Respondents were asked to compare their perception of crime in Winnipeg against otherCanadian cities (question A2). In surveys from 1999 to 2005, the majority of respondentsbelieved that crime rates here were about the same as in other cities. From 2007 through 2013,surveys revealed that citizens felt Winnipeg had more crime than other Canadian cities. Thisyear, however, more respondents believed that Winnipeg has about the same amount of crime(45%). Of the remainder, 35% (compared to 45.3% in 2013 and 49.1% in 2010) believed thatthere was more or much more crime in Winnipeg. Fourteen percent felt there was less or much

less crime in Winnipeg, up from only 8.7% in 2013 (7.5% in 2010 and 9% in 2007).

This represents a significant shift in attitude since 2007. The number of citizens who believeWinnipeg has more crime than other Canadian cities has decreased from 49% to 35% whilethose who think we have less crime has increased from 9% to 14%.Assuming most people do not know crime rates in other cities, this perception is presumed to bemainly based on events in Winnipeg.


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A2. Still thinking of the last year or so, how do you think Winnipeg compares with other majorCanadian cities in terms of the amount of crime? Would you say Winnipeg has.. ?

1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2015

Much more crime 4.0% 8.0% 5.0% 5.2% 11.0% 13.8% 8.7% 5.0%

More crime 25.0% 22.0% 23.0% 21.1% 38.0% 34.3% 36.6% 30.0%

Same amount 43.0% 41.0% 44.0% 45.9% 33.0% 37.0% 42.9% 45.0%

Less crime 14.0% 16.0% 16.0% 17.6% 7.0% 6.5% 8.1% 13.0%

Much less crime 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.6% 1.0%

No opinion 11.0% 10.0% 10.0% 7.2% 9.0% 7.5% 3.1% 6.0%

When queried about their view of their neighbourhoods (question A3), the majority ofrespondents, 64% (62.6% in 2013) thought they lived in a low crime area. This is consistent withearlier survey results (61.1 % in 2010 and, 59% in 2007). Of the total respondents, 9% felt theylived in a high crime neighbourhood, an amount within the margin of error of previous surveys(8% in 2013, 12% in 2010 and 9% in 2007).

A large number of respondents from District 1 feel they live in a high crime area (27% comparedto 8.0% average from the other districts. On the other hand the number of respondents fromDistrict 3 who felt they were in a high crime area reduced to 14% from 15.7% in 2013 and 24%in 2010.


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A3. Do you think your neighbourhood is an area with a high amount of crime, an averageamount of crime, or a low amount of crime?

Total District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4

High 9.0% 27.0% 6.0% 14.0% 4.0%

Average 25.0% 36.0% 16.0% 33.0% 26.0%

Low 64.0% 37.0% 77.0% 52.0% 68.0%

No opinion 1.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%


At the other end of the scale, 77% of respondents from District 2 feel they live in a low crimearea (72% in 2013 and 73.4% in 2010) and only 2% (2% in 2013 and 3.6% in2010) felt they are in a high crime area.

The majority of Winnipeg respondents, 67% (73.5% in 2013 and 65.6% in 2010) felt that crimerates in their neighbourhoods had remained about the same as last year (question A4.1). Of theremainder, more (19%, 15.7% in 2015 and 24.3% in 2010) felt that crime had increased in their

neighbourhood. Fewer, 11% (8.4% in 2013 and 6.9% in 2010) believed that crime haddecreased.

A4.1. In the last year or two do you think crime has increased, decreased or remained about thesame in your neighbourhood?

2001 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2015

Increased 23.0% 22.0% 21.0% 26.0% 24.3% 15.7% 19.0%

Decreased 6.0% 6.0% 7.0% 4.0% 6.9% 8.4% 11.0%

Remained same 66.0% 68.0% 69.0% 65.0% 65.6% 73.5% 67.0%

No Opinion 5.0% 5.0% 3.0% 4.0% 3.3% 2.4% 2.0%

Some differences of opinion to this question were seen in the responses when assessed bypolice district. Almost one-third of respondents living in District 1, 32.8% (27% in 2013), feltcrime had increased in their neighbourhood. This contrasts with the opinions of residents fromthe rest of the city where 17.3% (average value, 14% average in 2013) felt crime had increased.Strangely, more respondents in District 1, at 13.4% (25% in 2013), felt crime had decreasedthan was common elsewhere (11.1% average, 6.5% average in 2013).

A4.1 In the last year or two do you think crime has increased, decreased or remained aboutthe same in your neighborhood?


Increased 19.5% 32.8% 16.3% 14.5% 21.0%

Decreased 11.1% 13.4% 9.7% 13.7% 10.0%

Remained same 67.0% 49.3% 71.9% 70.2% 66.2%

No Opinion 2.5% 4.5% 2.0% 1.6% 2.7%



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A5. Please rate the seriousness of the following problems as they pertain to your

neighbourhood on a scale from 1 to 5 in which 1 is not very serious and 5 is extremely serious.(Mean Scores)(Sorted by score)


N= 606 67 196 124 219

Traffic violations 2.75 2.76 2.58 2.73 2.9

Drug problems /dealers 2.71 2.96 2.48 3.05 2.65

Vandalism/graffiti 2.59 2.99 2.35 2.81 2.56

Theft from Cars 2.57 2.79 2.39 2.64 2.62

Break and enter to homes 2.35 2.7 2.14 2.52 2.35

Robbery 2.19 2.45 1.94 2.38 2.23

Assaults 2.15 2.81 1.85 2.37 2.09

Gang violence 1.96 2.75 1.63 2.18 1.89

People hanging around on streets 1.84 2.3 1.65 2.02 1.78

Harassment on ethnicity 1.79 2.37 1.55 1.93 1.74

Police harassment 1.76 2.06 1.57 1.95 1.73

Noise and disturbances 1.71 1.97 1.63 1.85 1.63

Intoxicated persons 1.7 2.16 1.56 1.81 1.62

Prostitution 1.63 2.12 1.54 1.72 1.5Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

By gender, males cited traffic violations as their premier issue and drugs second. Femalerespondents rated drugs/drug dealers highest and traffic problems second. By age, the 55+group cited traffic violations as their number one concern followed by drugs. Younger and

middle range respondents (18-34 years, 35-54 years) cited vandalism as their highest choice,followed by drugs/drug dealers (18-34 age) and traffic problems (35-54 years).


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A5. Please rate the seriousness of the following problems as they pertain to your neighbourhoodon a scale from 1 to 5 in which 1 is not very serious and 5 is extremely serious.

Males Females 18-34 35-54 55+ Total

B&E to HOMES 2.26 2.44 2.01 2.64 2.34 2.35

VANDALISM 2.53 2.65 2.59 2.82 2.32 2.59

TRAFFIC 2.73 2.77 2.53 2.79 2.90 2.75

ASSAULT 2.07 2.23 2.02 2.19 2.22 2.15

GANGS 1.83 2.08 1.83 2.13 1.88 1.96

DRUGS 2.56 2.85 2.55 2.75 2.81 2.71

NOISE 1.65 1.77 1.73 1.84 1.54 1.71

PROSTITUTION 1.60 1.65 1.46 1.64 1.77 1.63

PUBLIC DRUNKENESS 1.68 1.71 1.81 1.65 1.66 1.70

ROBBERY 2.03 2.34 2.16 2.28 2.12 2.19

POLICE HARASSMENT 1.70 1.82 1.77 1.83 1.68 1.76

THEFT from CARS 2.47 2.66 2.49 2.77 2.39 2.57

PEOPLE HANGING AROUND 1.83 1.85 2.06 1.84 1.64 1.84

ETHNIC HARASSMENT 1.73 1.84 1.90 1.85 1.61 1.79Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

The majority of respondents (41.4%, 44% in 2013) felt that their neighbourhood had less crimethan other neighbourhoods in the city, except for citizens living in District 1, who selected “aboutthe same amount of crime” as their number one answer (question A6). In geographic terms,more District 1 (28.4%, 32% in 2013 and 42.9% in 2010) and 3 (16.1%, 22% in 2013 and 26.3%in 2010) residents felt their neighbourhood had more or much more crime than otherneighbourhoods. Very few residents in the other city areas felt they had more crime (questionA6). On the other end of the scale, 84.7% (86% in 2013) of District 2 respondents felt they had

less crime than other neighbourhoods.

A6. How do you think your neighbourhood compares with the rest of Winnipeg in terms of theamount of crime? Would you say your neighbourhood has ... ?


2013 2015 2013 2015 2013 2015 2013 2015 2013 2015

Much morecrime

2.3% 2.0% 11.3% 6.0% 0.0% 1.0% 5.6% 4.8% 0.4%

More crime 7.9% 6.4% 21.0% 22.4% 2.6% 1.5% 15.7% 11.3% 6.9% 3.2%

About thesameamount ofcrime

18.8% 20.0% 22.6% 40.3% 15.8% 11.7% 26.9% 25.8% 19.0% 17.8%

Less crime 44.0% 41.4% 30.6% 19.4% 50.0% 45.9% 36.1% 35.5% 47.4% 47.5%

Much lesscrime

26.1% 29.0% 11.3% 11.9% 31.6% 38.8% 14.8% 20.2% 25.4% 30.6%

No opinion 1.0% 1.2% 3.2% 0.0% 1.0% 0.9% 2.4% 0.9% 0.9%Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015


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Almost all (95%, 96.4% in 2013 and 89.7% in 2010) of the respondents felt that they would besafe walking in their neighbourhood during the day (combines responses very safe + reasonablysafe) (question A7). This is a consistent with previous surveys, which averaged 93%. Males(96%, 98% in 2013) and females (95%, 94% in 2013) felt equally safe during the day.Respondents’ beliefs about daytime safety did not change with age, with older respondentsfeeling just as safe as younger ones. Only in Districts 1 and 3 did citizens express any anxiety

about walking in daytime, with 11% and 8% respectively stating they feel somewhat or veryunsafe during the day. Only 2% of respondents in other districts expressed this fear.

A7. How safe do you feel or would you feel walking alone in yourneighbourhood during the day?

TOTAL RESPONDENT AGE GENDER18-34

YEARS35-54

YEARS 55+ YEARS Male Female

Very Safe 71% 72% 70% 71% 72% 70%

Reasonably Safe 24% 24% 26% 24% 24% 26%

Somewhat Unsafe 3% 3% 4% 3% 3% 4%

Very Unsafe 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

No opinion 0% 1% 0% 1%Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

A7. How safe do you feel or would you feel walking alone in yourneighbourhood during the day?


2013 2015 2013 2015 2013 2013 2015 2013 2015 2013

Very Safe 75% 71% 60% 55% 82% 75% 71% 60% 55% 82%

Reasonably Safe 22% 24% 29% 33% 16% 22% 24% 29% 33% 16%

Somewhat

Unsafe 2% 3% 5% 7% 2% 2% 3% 5% 7% 2%Very Unsafe 1% 1% 6% 4% 0% 1% 1% 6% 4% 0%

No opinion 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015


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A8. How about after dark? Would you feel…?

Total District

District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4Very Safe 28% 18% 34% 19% 31%

Reasonably Safe 43% 36% 46% 39% 45%

Somewhat Unsafe 17% 18% 15% 23% 16%

Very Unsafe 10% 27% 3% 18% 6%

No opinion 2% 1% 3% 2% 2%Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

A8. How about after dark? Would you feel…?(very safe plus reasonably safe only)

2015 2013 2010 2007

Males 84% 79% 68.8% 71%

Females 59% 57% 37.8% 51%

Total 71% 68% 52.7% 61%Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

When asked if they felt safe in their neighbourhood after dark a majority (71%) said they feltreasonably or very safe (question A8). This continues the improvement noted in the 2013

survey in which 68% of respondents felt safe walking in their neighbourhood after dark. Theaverage of the previous two surveys, 2010 and 2007, showed only 57% of respondents felt safewalking in their neighbourhood after dark. As in previous surveys, males (84%, 79% in 2013)were much more likely than females (59%, 57% in 2013) to feel safe after dark.

Residents in Districts 1 and 3 were more likely (43% average of somewhat unsafe plus veryunsafe, 53.5% in 2013) to feel unsafe in their neighbourhood after dark compared to residents inother parts of the city (20% average) (Question A8).


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A9. How safe do you feel or would you feel walking downtown alone during the day?

DISTRICT RESPONDENT AGE GENDER

TOTAL D1 D2 D3 D418-34

YEARS35-54

YEARS55+

YEARSMale Female

Very safe 25% 36% 23% 21% 24% 27% 23% 25% 30% 20%

Reasonably safe 45% 40% 49% 43% 45% 43% 48% 44% 46% 45%

Somewhat unsafe 19% 10% 17% 23% 20% 22% 18% 17% 17% 20%

Very unsafe 10% 12% 9% 10% 10% 8% 11% 10% 6% 13%

No opinion 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 2%Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

Question A9 (How safe do you feel or would you feel walking downtown alone during the day?)was new to the 2015 questionnaire. Seventy percent of all respondents indicated that they feelsafe or relatively safe walking alone downtown in daytime. Almost 30% though, indicated thisscenario would make them feel unsafe or very unsafe.

It is interesting to note that Division 1 respondents, which include downtown residents, felt safer(76%) than respondents from other districts (67% average). There were no apparent differencein perception by age but females (33%) were more likely than males (23%) to feel unsafedowntown during the day.

A10. And how about walking alone after dark? Would you feel …?


TOTAL D1 D2 D3 D418-34

YEARS35-54

YEARS55+

YEARSMale Female

Very safe 4% 9% 5% 3% 2% 6% 4% 2% 7% 2%Reasonablysafe

13% 18% 13% 10% 14% 13% 16% 11% 20% 7%

Somewhatunsafe

32% 31% 31% 31% 33% 34% 31% 32% 36% 29%

Very unsafe 49% 40% 49% 55% 49% 48% 49% 51% 36% 62%

No opinion 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 0% 5% 2% 1%Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

Another new addition to the 2015 survey was the follow up question: And how about walkingalone after dark? Would you feel…? (Question A10). Only 17% of all respondents said theywould feel safe or relatively safe walking alone downtown after dark, while 81% reported they

would feel unsafe or very unsafe. In fact, almost exactly half (49%) of respondents said theywould feel very unsafe under these circumstances. Further, 91% of females said they would feelunsafe walking alone downtown after dark, including 62% who said they would feel very unsafe.


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B. COMMUNICATIONS

Question B1 asks respondents if they had ever heard of the police citizen online reportingprogram, a web-based system that allows citizens to report a minor crime via the internet andhave their information reviewed by a police officer. Twenty-two percent (14% in 2013)responded that they had heard of the online reporting program and there was little variance by

gender, age or geographic location of the respondent. Of the 135 who had heard of onlinereporting, 31 had accessed the system (Question B2). These 31 respondents comprise just over5% of the entire sample, a slight increase from 1% who had accessed the system in 2013.About half (54%) of the 31 respondents who had used online reporting said they were satisfiedwith their experience (Question B3) although 22% reported they were not very satisfied or not atall satisfied with the WPS online reporting.

Respondents were asked how they would prefer to report a crime to the police (Question B4).Fifty-eight percent said that they would prefer to report by phone. This is a decline from the2013 and 2010 surveys (74% and 84.1%). Another 15% (13% in 2013 and 12.5% in 2010) saidthey would prefer to attend in person. Twenty-three percent (up from 8% in 2013 and 1% in2010) said they would prefer to report over the internet.

The responses to question B4 varied a little by age, as younger respondents, aged 18-34 (34%)were more likely to want to report over the internet then were those 35-54 years (23%) or 55+years (12%). Older respondents (55+ = 66%) were more likely to want to report by phone thanwere citizens aged 18-34 (46%) or 35-54 (60%).

B5. The Police Service has a number of ways in which it may provideinformation to the public about crime and safety concerns.

Which of the following methods would be of interest to you?

RESPONDENT AGE GENDER

Total 18-34Years 35-54Years 55+Years Male Female

N= (606) (180) (231) (195) (291) (315)

Updates on local tv news

programs60.9% 51.1% 59.3% 71.8% 59.1% 62.5%

Updates on local radio news

programs48.7% 42.8% 51.5% 50.8% 48.1% 49.2%

Winnipeg Police Service web page 44.2% 51.7% 47.6% 33.3% 41.2% 47.0%

Winnipeg Police Service on

Facebook24.6% 33.3% 26.8% 13.8% 21.3% 27.6%

Press Conferences on YouTube 15.5% 25.6% 16.9% 4.6% 16.8% 14.3%WPS on twitter 14.2% 21.1% 15.2% 6.7% 15.5% 13.0%

RSS Feed 6.4% 9.4% 7.8% 2.1% 6.5% 6.3%

None 6.3% 5.0% 6.9% 6.7% 7.2% 5.4%

Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015 Totals add to more than 100% due to multiple responses


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Question B5 asked which methods citizens would prefer as a means of getting information fromthe police. Updates from television (60.9%, 81% in 2013) and radio (48.7%, 65% in 2013) werethe top responses, although 44.2% (52% in 2013) said they would be interested in gettinginformation from the WPS web page. Older respondents were more interested in televisionupdates than younger ones, but younger respondents were consistently more interested inmethods such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter.

C. CITIZENS WHO CONTACTED THE POLICE

A total of 138 respondents (23%, 23.9% in 2013 and 22.9% in 2010) had contacted the PoliceService in the past year for non-traffic related matters (question C1). This is consistent with theresults of previous surveys.

The likelihood that a respondent had contacted the police declined with age, from 27% of thoseaged 18-34 to 18% in the 55+ age category. Respondents in District 1 were more likely (31%) tohave contacted police than residents of other districts and respondents from District 2 were theleast likely (17%) to have contacted the WPS.

Most of the subsequent questions in section C of the survey were asked only of the respondentswho had contacted the police, as they responded to queries about their experience. Thereforethe number (n) of respondents will be 138, or less depending on skips for the remainingquestions in this section.

Question C2.1 asked respondents to think of their most recent contact with the Police Serviceand relate how they had contacted the WPS. Most (72%, 88.6% in 2013 and 70% in 2010) hadcontacted the police through the telephone, with 42%% coming through the CommunicationsCenter at 986-6222, 8% via a district police station or a service center, and the remaining 22%through 911.

C2.1. Thinking of your most recent contact,how did you contact the police?

Contact 2007 2010 2013 2015

Called 911 17% 31.7% 24.2% 22%

Called dispatch center (986-6222) 29% 7.1% 36.2% 42%

Called a District Police Station 20% 18.6% 28.2% 8%

Called a Police Service Center 7% 12.6% - -

Went in person to a District Police Station 14% 13.1% 8.7% 13%

Went in person to a Police Service Center 4% 4.4% - -

Personal contact/on street/informal - 0.5% 2.0%

By fax/email - - 0.7% 2%

Through online reporting - - 0.7% 8%

Base: N=138 Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

The three most common reasons for respondents to have contacted the Police Service in thelast year (question C2.2) were: to report a crime or incident (69%, 79.1% in 2013 and 73.8% in2010), to ask for information (6%, 11.5% in 2013 and 11.5% in 2010) and to ask for protection ofperson or property (5.5%, 8.1% in 2013 and 8.2% in 2010).


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The same respondents were asked how the police responded to their contact (Question C6.1).The two answers that occurred most frequently were: “the police sent a car immediately”(30.2%; 29.0% in 2013) and the “issue was handled immediately over the phone” (20.9%,25.8% in 2013).

There were some variances noted when the data was assessed by district and gender. Forty-

three percent of District 3 respondents reported the WPS sent a car immediately, compared withonly 18% of District 4 respondents. District 2 and 4 respondents were three times more likelythan District 1 and 3 citizens to have had their complaint handled over the phone. It is possiblethat these variances are the result of small sample sizes.

C6.1. How did the police respond?

2013 2015 2013 2015

Police Response Number Number Percent Percent

Sent a car immediately 27 26 29.0% 30.2%

Handled immediately by phone 24 18 25.8% 20.9%

Not applicable 11 3 11.8% 3.5%

Sent a car later in the day 10 5 10.8% 5.8%

Did not respond 8 10 8.6% 11.6%

Advised you to attend to a ServiceCenter

6 6 6.5% 7.0%

Handled by phone call back 3 7 3.2% 8.1%

Sent a car the next day 2 1 2.2% 1.2%

Don't know if they responded 2 2 2.2% 2.3%

Told to use WPS website - 2 - 2.3%

Other - 2 - 2.3%

Refused - 4 - 4.7%Base: N=92 for 2013 and n=86 for 2015 Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

A total of 29 respondents qualif ied to answer question C6.2: “Once you made your call, howlong did it take for the police to arrive?” Of these, 52% (51.5% in 2013 and 65.4% in 2010) ofrespondents reported that after they called, the police arrived in 15 minutes or less, and a totalof 76% (69.7% in 2013) said the police arrived within 30 minutes. In terms of surveyed responsetimes, this is the highest percentage reporting a response time of 30 minutes or less since theinception of the survey.

If a police unit was sent in regards to their incident, respondents were asked: “how acceptable

was the length of time it took for the police to arrive?” (Question C6.3). Ninety percent (85.7% in2013) said this interval was acceptable or somewhat acceptable. Only 10% (8.6% in 2013) saidthis interval was unacceptable to them.

These respondents were also asked if the police had investigated the matter they had reported(Question C7). A majority (57%, 83% in 2013) said that the police had investigated while 20%(9% in 2013) believed there had been no investigation. Respondents said that the police hadasked questions (65%) (Question C8.1), had checked for suspects (94%) (Question C8.2), hadseized evidence (6%) (Question C8.3) and had interviewed witnesses (47%) (Question C8.4).All of these numbers are based on extremely small sample sizes.


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Of those respondents who had reported an incident 88% (76.1% in 2013, 74.8% in 2010 and78% in 2007) said they did not know if anyone was arrested or charged because of the incident(Question C13). This continues to be an area of in need of improvement and increasedcommunication.

Note: caution should be used interpreting these results due to low sample size.


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D. CITIZENS CONTACTED BY POLICERespondents were asked if they had been contacted by the police for any reason in the pastyear (Question D1). Sixty-five citizens, 11%, (10.2% in 2013) of the respondents, answered inthe affirmative. Over half of these (60%) had been contacted as part of an investigation; afurther 9% had been contacted as a witness (Question D2).

D2. Could you briefly describe the incident?

Reason Number

2013 2015

As a Witness 12 6

Part of an Investigation 30 39

Contacted by Victim Services 1 1

Asking for Charitable Contribution 3 1

Checked on Wellbeing 3 -

Related to a Criminal Records check 1 -

Crime Prevention/Warnings/Neighbourhood Watch 4 6

Lost and Found 3 1

False Alarm 1 1

I was Arrested 1 1

I was a Victim 1 1

Spot Check 1 1

Other 2 1

Twitter contact - 1

Background check - 1

Don’t know / refused - 4

Total 63 65

D3. How did you feel after speaking with police about this incident?


TOTAL D1 D2 D3 D418-34YEARS

35-54YEARS

55+YEARS

Male

Female

Very positive 50.8% 42.9% 52.4% 33.3% 60.0% 39.1% 50.0% 71.4% 51.6% 50.0%

Somewhat

positive

27.7% 14.3% 14.3% 41.7% 36.0% 21.7% 42.9% 7.1% 25.8% 29.4%

Somewhatnegative

3.1% 28.6% 8.7% 3.2% 2.9%

Very negative 9.2% 14.3% 14.3% 8.3% 4.0% 17.4% 14.3% 9.7% 8.8%

Not relevant 4.6% 14.3% 8.7% 7.1% 3.2% 5.9%

Refused 1.5% 8.3% 4.3% 3.2%

Not applicable 3.1% 4.8% 8.3% 7.1% 3.2% 2.9%

Base n=65 Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015


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E. CRIME PREVENTION

Questions E1 and E2 prompted all respondents with the names of programs sponsored by theWinnipeg Police Service and asked if they had heard and/or participated in these programs Themost recognized program was Crimestoppers (95%; 98% in 2013) followed by the SchoolSafety program 77% (46% in 2013) and Citizens on patrol 60% (58% in 2013). The survey

asked respondents only to comment on programs currently (as of 2015) being supported by theWPS, as identified by the Community Relations Unit. Neighbourhood Watch and Block Parents,recognizable programs from the past, are not currently being supported by the WPS, however,the Crime Awareness programs, generally coming from the Community Relations Unit wererecognized by 48% of respondents.

Question E2 asked respondents about their level of participation in these police sponsoredprograms. The crime awareness presentations mentioned above scored highest forparticipation, at 26% followed by viewing Crimestat statistics and maps (20.8%) and taking part,or having a family member take part, in the school safety program at 20.6%

E1. Have you heard about the following programs? (Answered=yes)

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2015

Block Parents 93.9% 92.0% 93.0% 50.0% 86.0% 82.5% 83.1% 88.0% -

OperationIdentification

61.4% 53.0% 48.0% 88.0% 40.0% 39.4% - - -

NeighbourhoodWatch

94.2% 93.0% 48.0% 65.0% 93.0% 90.5% 91.4% 96.0% -

Crime Stoppers 95.3% 92.0% 97.0% 46.0% 96.0% 96.9% 92.5% 98.0% 95.0%

School Safety 56.3% 51.0% 51.0% 63.0% 44.0% 49.3% 51.8% 46.0% 77.0%

Take Action - - 16.0% 12.0% 13.0% 12.4% 13.4% 13.0% -Take Action inSchools

- - 21.0% 8.0% 14.0% 13.9% - - -

Counter Action - - - - 4.0% 3.1% 5.3% 4.0% -

Combat Auto Theft - - - - 56.0% 57.0% - - -

Stolen Auto Captain - - - - 14.0% 14.8% - - -

Citizens on Patrol - - - - 58.0% 62.8% 46.1% 58.0% 60.0%

Citizens for CrimeAware.

- - - - - - 26.4% 20.0% -

EWatch Program - - - - - - 9.5% 8.0% 12.0%

Crime awarenesspresentations

- - - - - - - - 48.0%

'Checking in' - - - - - - - - 17.0%

Crimestat - - - - - - - - 21.0%

Base=All respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015Note: a “-“ indicates that a program did not exist or was no longer supported by the WPS in a particular year


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. E2. Do you or anyone in your household participate in any of the following programs?

(Answered=yes)

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2015

Block Parents 16.6% 18.0% 6.0% 2.0% 9.0% 3.0% 8.1% 5.0%

Operation Identification 11.3% 8.0% 15.0% 6.0% 14.0% 4.5% - -

Neighbourhood Watch 34.6% 29.0% 23.0% 2.0% 19.0% 5.1% 15.3% 12.0%

Crime Stoppers 5.8% 6.0% 8.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.1% 4.1% 3.0% 4.2%

School Safety 12.5% 9.0% 12.0% 17.0% 10.0% 16.2% 7.4% 14.0% 20.6%

Take Action - - 3.0% 0.0% 3.0% 0.5% 0.5% 2.0%

Take Action in Schools - - 9.0% 1.0% 10.0% 1.3% - -

Counter Action - - - - 0.0% 0.3% 0.4% 4.0%

Combat Auto Theft - - - - 8.0% 3.5% - -

Stolen Auto Captain - - - - 7.0% 1.0% - -

Citizens on Patrol - - - - 3.0% 1.2% 1.8% 3.0% 6.6%

Citizens for Crime Aware. - - - - - - 1.3% 2.0%

EWatch Program - - - - - - 0.8% 4.0% 6.8%

Crime aware presentations 26.0%

'Checking in' 14.2%

Crimestat 20.8%

Base=All respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015 Note: a “-“ indicates that a program did not exist or was no longer supported by the WPS in a particular year.

The 2015 responses to questions E1 and E2 are relatively consistent with the responses tothese questions in previous years. There has been a change in WPS programming for these

initiatives and so, in many cases, direct comparisons are no longer possible. It appears, though,that there has been an increase in the participation rate for the School Safety Program. Some ofthe other programming added relatively recently shows considerably higher numbers forparticipation than did many of the programs mentioned in the 2013 survey.


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F. COMPLAINTS

A total of 25 respondents (20 in 2013 and 13 in 2010) had had an occasion to complain aboutthe conduct of a Winnipeg Police Service officer (Question F1). Of the 25, three proceeded tomake a complaint with the Police Service (Question F2.1). As in previous surveys, youngerrespondents were more likely to have had a complaint about the WPS than older ones, with 11

out of the 25 people in this group aged 18-34. Unlike previous surveys, males (13) and females(12) were equally likely to have had a complaint against a police officer. In past surveys, morecomplainants were males.

Twenty respondents responded to the follow-up question by indicating that they did not make aformal complaint for a variety of reasons (Question F2.2):

F2.2. Why did you decide not to make a complaint?

Wasn't a big enough deal to report 2

Questioned Police honesty and integrity - feared retribution 3

Did not think Police would do anything / result in positive outcome 9

Had no idea how to proceed 1

Too much bother or hassle dealing with Police 2

Too lazy, never got around to it 3

Base=n=25 Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

The number and percentage of citizens who felt that they had a complaint against the WPS andwere willing to come forward seems to vary greatly from survey to survey. With only threerespondents having made a complaint, it is not possible to do any analysis of subsequentquestions in this section.

For the 22 who did not come forward, it is impossible to know if they might have had legitimatecomplaints.


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G1. The Winnipeg Police Service has placed mobile photo-radar cameras to detect and fine theowners of speeding vehicles at school and construction locations throughout the city. Do you

personally approve or disapprove of the installation of these cameras? Is that strongly ormoderately?

2007 2010 2013 2015STRONGLY APPROVE 54.4% 50.6% 43.0% 35.3%

MODERATELY APPROVE 28.5% 32.1% 32.0% 35.5%

MODERATELY DISAPPROVE 7.3% 6.5% 7.9% 12.4%

STRONGLY DISAPPROVE 8.2% 9.0% 14.4% 14.2%

DK/REFUSED/NO OPINION 1.7% 1.8% 2.6% 2.6%

Residents were also asked their reaction to the installation of red light cameras by the WPS(Question G2). A significant majority 81% (79.6% in 2013 and 84.1% in 2010) of therespondents approved of these cameras. More females (85%, 85% in 2013 and 86.5% in 2010)approved of the cameras than males (76%, 74% in 2013 and 81.5% in 2010). There was littlevariation in the responses by age or location of respondent.


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G2. The Winnipeg Police Service has installed red light cameras at certain intersections to detectand fine the owners of vehicles that run red lights. Do you personally approve or disapprove of

the installation of these cameras? Is that strongly or moderately?

Total District1 District2 District3 District4

Strongly approve 49.0% 56.7% 51.0% 50.8% 43.8%

Moderately approve 31.5% 26.9% 29.1% 32.3% 34.7%

Moderately disapprove 7.4% 3.0% 7.7% 7.3% 8.7%

Strongly disapprove 10.2% 9.0% 9.7% 8.9% 11.9%

No Opinion 1.8% 4.5% 2.6% 0.8% 0.9%Base=All respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

G2. The Winnipeg Police Service has installed red light cameras at certain intersections to detect

and fine the owners of vehicles that run red lights. Do you personally approve or disapprove ofthe installation of these cameras? Is that strongly or moderately?

Respondent Age Respondent Gender

18-34years

35-54years

55 orolder

Male Female





No Opinion 2.2% 1.3% 2.1% 1.4% 2.2%

Base=All respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

The pattern seen in the responses to the photo-radar question is evident here as well but is lessapparent. The overall approval rate has declined 7.4% from 2007 to this survey, and thenumber who strongly approve has declined 12.4%. Conversely, the number that stronglydisapproves has increased by 4.5%. In this case, though, the trend may have leveled off, as theresults to the 2015 survey were very similar to those from the 2013 survey.

G2. The Winnipeg Police Service has installed red light cameras at certain intersections todetect and fine the owners of vehicles that run red lights. Do you personally approve or

disapprove of the installation of these cameras? Is that strongly or moderately?

2007 2010 2013 2015

Strongly approve 61.4% 56.6% 51.9% 49.0%

Moderately approve 26.5% 27.5% 27.7% 31.5%

Moderately disapprove 5.5% 5.2% 6.5% 7.4%

Strongly disapprove 5.7% 8.5% 12.1% 10.2%

No Opinion 1.0% 2.1% 1.8% 1.8%


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G5. Would you personally approve or disapprove of the installation of photo radar cameras inother strategically selected areas that are neither school nor construction zones but which

have had frequent collisions or traffic events? Is that strongly or moderately?

Total District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4Strongly approve 44.6% 40.3% 44.4% 49.2% 43.4%





G5. Would you personally approve or disapprove of the installation of photo radar cameras inother strategically selected areas that are neither school nor construction zones but whichhave had frequent collisions or traffic events? Is that strongly or moderately?

Respondent Age Respondent Gender

18-34years

35-54years

55 orolder

Male Female






Question G5 asked “Would you personally approve or disapprove of the installation of photoradar cameras in other strategically selected areas that are neither school nor constructionzones but which have had frequent collisions or traffic events?” Seventy-five (75.5%, 75.5% in2013 and 73.2% in 2010) percent of respondents approved of this concept, 45% (49% in 2013)of them offering strong support. More females (82.3%, 80.4% in 2013) approved of the ideathan did males (68.1%, 70% in 2013). Approval for this idea also rose with respondent age, from72.2% of those aged 18-24, through 75.5% of the 35-54 group to 78.5% of those aged 55 andover. Geographically, District 1 respondents had the highest rate of approval, at 82.1%. Overall,

respondent opinions on this subject remain unchanged from the 2010 and 2013 surveys.


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G5. Would you personally approve or disapprove of the installation of photo radar cameras in

other strategically selected areas that are neither school nor construction zones but whichhave had frequent collisions or traffic events? Is that strongly or moderately?

2010 2013 2015

STRONGLY APPROVE 42.4% 49.0% 44.6%MODERATELY APPROVE 30.8% 26.5% 30.9%

MODERATELY DISAPPROVE 10.8% 8.4% 10.7%

STRONGLY DISAPPROVE 13.4% 13.6% 11.9%

DK/REFUSED/NO OPINION 2.8% 2.4% 2.0%

Respondents were asked their opinion of the WPS placing photo enforcement cameras at anylocation, solely at the discretion of the Police Service. A majority of the citizens (57.3%, 58.6%in 2013) approved of this concept, 24% of them strongly. Almost 40% (39.9%) did not approveof the police placing cameras in this manner. Approval for this measure did not vary much with

the age of the respondent, but females, at 65.7% were more approving than males (48.1%). Infact, a slim majority of males actually disapproved of this idea (49.5% compared to 48.1% whoapproved).

G6. Would you personally approve or disapprove of the installation of photo radar cameras inother selected areas at the discretion of the Police Service – regardless of school and

construction zones? Is that strongly or moderately?




Moderately disapprove 17.3% 14.9% 14.8% 17.7% 20.1%Strongly disapprove 22.6% 16.4% 26.0% 21.0% 22.4%

No Opinion 2.8% 6.0% 2.0% 3.2% 2.3%


G6. Would you personally approve or disapprove of the installation of photo radar cameras inother selected areas at the discretion of the Police Service – regardless of school and

construction zones? Is that strongly or moderately?

Respondent Age Respondent Gender18-34 years 35-54 years 55 or older Male Female

Strongly approve 27.8% 18.6% 27.7% 22.3% 26.0%Moderately approve 28.3% 36.8% 32.8% 25.8% 39.7%Moderately disapprove 18.3% 16.9% 16.9% 17.9% 16.8%Strongly disapprove 22.8% 25.5% 19.0% 31.6% 14.3%No Opinion 2.8% 2.2% 3.6% 2.4% 3.2%



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G4. In accordance with new provincial legislation, the City of Winnipeg has created new

speed reduction zones near schools and the police have been fining drivers caughtexceeding posted speeds during or near school hours. Do you personally approve or

disapprove of using speed enforcement tools in these zones? Is that strongly or moderately?

DISTRICT RESPONDENT AGE GENDERTOTAL D1 D2 D3 D4

18-34YEARS

35-54YEARS

55+YEARS

Male Female

Stronglyapprove

51.3% 59.7% 50.0% 49.2% 51.1% 52.2% 50.2% 51.8% 45.4% 56.8%

Moderatelyapprove

29.5% 23.9% 33.2% 32.3% 26.5% 27.2% 29.9% 31.3% 32.3% 27.0%

Moderatelydisapprove

8.6% 7.5% 8.2% 7.3% 10.0% 10.6% 8.2% 7.2% 10.0% 7.3%

Stronglydisapprove

8.4% 6.0% 6.1% 8.1% 11.4% 7.8% 9.5% 7.7% 11.0% 6.0%

No opinion 2.1% 3.0% 2.6% 3.2% 0.9% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% 1.4% 2.9%Base=All respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015

Question G4 asked respondents their level of approval with new speed reduction zone nearschools and the fining of drivers speeding in these areas. This was a new question on the 2015survey and so no historical compatible data is available for analysis. Overall, the respondentsapprove of these speed zones, with 80.8% saying they moderately or strongly approve. Ofthese, 51.3% strongly approve.

Approval for these zones was distributed relatively equally throughout all ages, districts ofresidence and both genders. Disapproval among males, at 21%, was higher than that offemales, at 13.8%. District 4 residents were the most disapproving, at 21.5% compared to14.3% average for citizens from the rest of the city.

Almost two-thirds (62.7%) of the respondents’ households had received a red light or photoradar ticket at some time. This was an increase from all previous surveys, although just a slightone over the 2013 value of 61.8% (Question G3). Respondents aged 35-54 years were themost likely (71.9%, 62.6% in 2013) to report that their household had received a ticked whilethose aged 55+ were the least likely (55.4%, 39.4% in 2013). The likelihood of a householdhaving received a ticket increased with the income level of the household, from 43% ofrespondents in the lowest income category to 82% of those in the highest category.


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G3. Has anyone in your household received a ticket due to anoffense detected by a red light or photo radar camera?

It is interesting to note that respondents continued to approve of the installation of the red lightand photo radar cameras even if someone in their household has received a ticket (questionG3). Sixty-seven percent (80.4% in 2013 and 77% in 2010) of respondents whose householdhad received a photo radar ticket approved of the cameras, compared with the overall frequencyof 70.8% (Question G1). Almost 80% (79.8%, 82% in 2013) of respondents whose householdhad received a red light ticket approved of the cameras, compared with the overall frequency of80.5% (Question G2).

In both of these cases, households which had not received a ticket were even more approvingof the photo-radar cameras (77.7%) and the red light cameras (82.3%).

Respondents had exactly the same views regardless, of whether or not their household hadreceived a ticket, concerning placing new photo-enforcement cameras in dangerous trafficareas other than school and construction zones, at the discretion of the Police Service(Question G5). However, households that had received a ticket were less likely to approve(52.1% compared to 67.2%) of giving the WPS the ability to place photo-enforcement camerasanywhere at their discretion (Question G6).

Finally, approval was universal for placing cameras in school zones, regardless of whether ornot a household had received a ticket (Question G4).


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G1-2, G4-6: Approval Rates for the Installation of Enforcement Cameras -Comparison of Respondents whose Households had Received

A Photo-Enforcement Ticket with those who had not

G1. Percent Who Approve of Photo Radar CamerasTotal Received Ticket No Ticket Received

Strongly approve 35.3% 30.0% 45.0%

Moderately approve 35.5% 36.8% 32.7%

Moderately disapprove 12.4% 12.6% 11.8%

Strongly disapprove 14.2% 18.4% 6.8%

No Opinion 2.6% 2.1% 3.6%

G2. Percent Who Approve of Red Light Cameras

Total Received Ticket No Ticket Received


Moderately approve 31.5% 36.1% 24.1%Moderately disapprove 7.4% 7.1% 7.7%


No opinion 1.8% 1.6% 2.3%

G5. Percent Who Approve of Cameras in Danger Zones






No opinion 2.0% 1.1% 3.6%

G6. Percent Who Approve of Cameras Anywhere






No Opinion 2.8% 1.6% 4.5%

G4. Percent Who Approve of Cameras in School Zones






No Opinion 2.1% 1.8% 2.3%



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Three percent (n=16) (2.1% in 2013 and 1.9% in 2010) of all respondents had been involved ina traffic accident that required the presence of the Police Service during the last year (questionG7.1). This is very consistent with the results from previous years.

The 16 respondents who had been involved in a traffic accident that required the presence ofthe Police Service during the last year were asked if the responding police took a report at the

scene (question G7.2). Five of them (31%) answered yes which is very consistent with theresults from previous years.

Just over 7% (n=45) (11% (n=69) in 2013 and 6.3% (n=50) in 2010) of all respondents hadbeen stopped by a Winnipeg Police Service officer for a traffic violation during the last year(question G8.1). This is in line with the results of most previous surveys, but a considerabledecline from the result seen in the 2013 survey.

Question G8.1. During the last year were you stopped by a Winnipeg Police Officerfor a traffic violation?

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2015Yes 8.2% 9.0% 7.0% 4.0% 5.7% 3.5% 6.3% 11.2% 7.4%

No 91.8% 91.0% 93.0% 96.0% 94.3% 96.5% 93.8% 88.8% 92.6%

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2015 Police Survey Results

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