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The Basics ofThe Basics of

Educational ResearchEducational Research

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The Basics of Educational ResearchThe Basics of Educational Research

Chapter TwoChapter Two

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What is a Research Problem?What is a Research Problem?

It is a problem that someone wouldIt is a problem that someone would

like to investigate.like to investigate.

It is considered a situation that needsIt is considered a situation that needs

to be changed or addressed.to be changed or addressed.

 These problems consist of: These problems consist of: Areas of concernAreas of concern

Conditions to be improvedConditions to be improved

Diculties to be eliminatedDiculties to be eliminated

Questions seeking answersQuestions seeking answers

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Research QuestionsResearch Questions

roper research !uestions need collectableroper research !uestions need collectable

data to create possible answersdata to create possible answers

"esearch !uestions must have an"esearch !uestions must have an

empirical #based on observable evidence$empirical #based on observable evidence$referent#s$referent#s$

%igure &.' demonstrates the di(erence%igure &.' demonstrates the di(erence

between researchable and non)between researchable and non)researchable !uestionsresearchable !uestions

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Characteristics of Good ResearchCharacteristics of Good Research

QuestionsQuestions

*ood research !uestions possess*ood research !uestions possess

four essential characteristics:four essential characteristics:

 The !uestion is feasible The !uestion is feasible  The !uestion is clear The !uestion is clear

 The !uestion is signi+cant The !uestion is signi+cant

 The !uestion is ethical The !uestion is ethical

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Sources of Research ProblemSources of Research Problem

'.'. Article ,ournal or report : at the endArticle ,ournal or report : at the endof article- the author suggest theof article- the author suggest the

future researchfuture research

&.&. /perience of researcher: discussion/perience of researcher: discussion0.0. 1ews paper: current issue1ews paper: current issue

2.2. *overnment document- eg: laporan*overnment document- eg: laporan

kabinet 3engka,i Dasar ela,arankabinet 3engka,i Dasar ela,aran#'456$#'456$

7.7. 8ponsor: 93- 9T8ponsor: 93- 9T

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Researchable vs. NonresearchableResearchable vs. Nonresearchable

Questions !"i#ure $.%&Questions !"i#ure $.%&

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Cth Problem StatementCth Problem Statement

egitu ban;ak tumpuan telah diberikanegitu ban;ak tumpuan telah diberikan

kepada sikap guru pelatih ;angkepada sikap guru pelatih ;ang

mengikuti kursus celik komputer- tetapimengikuti kursus celik komputer- tetapi

belum ada ka,ian dibuat terhadap faktor)belum ada ka,ian dibuat terhadap faktor)faktor ;ang mempengaruhi dar,ahfaktor ;ang mempengaruhi dar,ah

penguasaan kemahiran komputer.penguasaan kemahiran komputer.

Apakah hubungan antara ciri)ciri populasiApakah hubungan antara ciri)ciri populasi

bakal guru ini dengan kecekapanbakal guru ini dengan kecekapan

men;erap kemahiran menggunakanmen;erap kemahiran menggunakan

komputer< prestasikomputer< prestasi

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 Tu,uan ka,ian ini adalah untuk Tu,uan ka,ian ini adalah untuk

men,awab soalan& berikut: '. Apakahmen,awab soalan& berikut: '. Apakah

kesan faktor demogra+k terhadap

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'efinin# Terms'efinin# Terms

 There are 0 wa;s to clarif; important There are 0 wa;s to clarif; important

terms or meaning in a researchterms or meaning in a research

!uestion:!uestion:

'$ use of'$ use of constitutive de+nitionconstitutive de+nition #the#thedictionar; approach$dictionar; approach$

&$ use of proper e/ample#s$&$ use of proper e/ample#s$

0$ use of0$ use of operational de+nitionoperational de+nition #specif;ing#specif;ing

operations used to measure or identif;operations used to measure or identif;e/amples of the term$e/amples of the term$

8ee p. 70- =9e; Terms to De+ne in a "esearch 8tud;>

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When ()erational 'efinitions *ould be +el)ful !"i#ure $.$&When ()erational 'efinitions *ould be +el)ful !"i#ure $.$&

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Research Questions Should BeResearch Questions Should Be

Si#nificantSi#nificant "esearch !uestions should be"esearch !uestions should be worthworth 

investigatinginvestigating

 These !uestions should be important and These !uestions should be important and

signi+cantsigni+cant  The investment of time and energ; The investment of time and energ;

should:should: contribute some knowledge and value to one?scontribute some knowledge and value to one?s

+eld of stud;+eld of stud; Improve educational practiceImprove educational practice

Improve the human conditionImprove the human condition

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Common Problems for StudentCommon Problems for Student

ResearchResearch 8tudent ,usti+cations for a proposed stud; are8tudent ,usti+cations for a proposed stud; are

likel; to have two weaknesses:likel; to have two weaknesses:

'$ The assumption is too great that ever;one will agree'$ The assumption is too great that ever;one will agree

that the stated problem is a @problem?.that the stated problem is a @problem?.

It is the researcher?s ,ob to clarif; and prove that the stud;It is the researcher?s ,ob to clarif; and prove that the stud;or !uestion is important.or !uestion is important.

&$ 8tudents often overstate the implications of a stud;.&$ 8tudents often overstate the implications of a stud;.   vidence of the e(ectiveness of a certain treatment doesn?tvidence of the e(ectiveness of a certain treatment doesn?t

mean that this will occur or result automaticall; whenmean that this will occur or result automaticall; when

adopted or implemented.adopted or implemented.