Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016
2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management August, 2016
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016
Local Authority Officer
Stephen Moore
Department Environmental Health
Address
Cannock Chase Council, Civic Centre, Beecroft Road, Cannock, Staffordshire. WS11 1BG
Telephone 01543 462621
E-mail [email protected]
Report Reference number
ASR2016
Date August 2016
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 i
Endorsement from the Director of Health and Care, Staffordshire County Council
Staffordshire County Council is committed to working with partners to ensure that
Staffordshire will be a place where improved health and wellbeing is experienced by
all. Poor air quality has a negative impact on public health, with potentially serious
consequences for individuals, families and communities. Identifying problem areas
and ensuring that actions are taken to improve air quality forms an important element
in protecting the health and wellbeing of Staffordshire residents. Improving air quality
is often a complex issue, presenting a multi-agency challenge – so it is essential that
all agencies work together effectively to deliver improvements where they are
needed. As Director of Health and Care across Staffordshire I endorse this Annual
Status Report which sets out the position in Cannock Chase District Council and
which will support an ongoing work programme to address air quality issues.
Dr Richard Harling Director of Health and Care Staffordshire County Council August 2016
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 ii
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area
Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised
as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air
pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people,
and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with
equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent
areas1,2.
The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK
is estimated to be around £16 billion3.
The main pollutant of concern in the Cannock Chase Council area is nitrogen
dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide is a gas, with the chemical formula NO2. It is chemically
related to nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide), a colourless gas with the chemical formula
NO.
Together, NO and NO2 are known as NOX. NOX is released into the atmosphere
when fuels are burned (for example, petrol or diesel in a car engine, or natural gas in
a domestic central heating boiler or power station). NO2 can affect our health. There
is evidence that high levels of it can inflame the airways in our lungs and, over
a long period of time, affect how well our lungs work. People with asthma are
particularly affected. NO2 can also affect vegetation.
NOX is produced when fossil fuels (coal, natural gas and so on) are burned.
Road transport is the largest source of NOX emissions in the UK and is the main
contributor to localised problems in Cannock Chase district.
However, emissions from road transport have fallen and continue to fall 2000. This is
due to improvements in engine design and fitting three-way catalysts to petrol cars,
to meet increasingly strict European standards. The importance of road transport is
even greater in urban areas.
NOX emissions from burning fossil fuels are mainly as NO, although some sources
can release a lot of NOX as NO2. Reactions in the atmosphere can subsequently turn
NO into NO2.
1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010
2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006
3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 iii
Air Quality in Cannock Chase District
Cannock Chase Council has monitored for nitrogen dioxide over a number of years,
which has identified hotspots where national objectives are exceeded, and people
are likely to be exposed to poor air quality for prolonged lengths of time whereby
health impacts could be experienced. These are at locations next to the A5 Watling
Street in Bridgtown and between Churchbridge and the Turf Island.
Levels at these hotspots have shown some decrease in recent years, primarily due to
improvements in engine technology, together with changes to the highway and traffic
management in the locality. It is hoped that if improved pollution levels are sustained,
the designation of ‘Air Quality Management Area’ assigned to the A5 can be revoked.
Monitoring on the A5190 Cannock Road, Heath Hayes near Five Ways Island has
shown that annual levels of nitrogen dioxide exceed the national objective for that
pollutant. Supplementary monitoring, started in June 2015, confirms that to be the
case, and that an AQMA is required for that area.
No new major sources of pollution have been identified. However, the district
continues to attract new businesses and housing, which has an incremental impact
on traffic and therefore pollution. For example, one housing developer in the Pye
Green area of Cannock has calculated that transport related emissions associated
with development will be 4,816.15 kg/annum (NOx) & 479.79 kg/annum (PM10).
Industrial emissions are not deemed to have changed significantly in 2015.
Air Quality Management Areas (‘AQMA’) for the A5 Watling Street has previously
been formally declared, and an action plan is in place to address the issue. To view
past review and assessments, and the action plan see link4 and link5. Progress on
actions identified in the action plan is provided in this report. Most actions involve
partnership working with other organisations such as Staffordshire County Council,
Highways England, other local authorities and the M6Toll. This is necessary because
air quality issues are heavily influenced by road traffic and measures to encourage
cleaner vehicles, reducing traffic, junction management and alternative transport
require the input of organisations able to deliver these results. Formal groups such as
4 https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=45
5 http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/business/environmental-health/environmental-protection/local-air-quality-management
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 iv
the Staffordshire Air Quality Forum and the A5 Transport Partnership Group bring all
of these organisations together.
Actions to Improve Air Quality
There are a number of actions within the Action Plan, aimed at improving air quality,
but the core actions undertaken to reduce include the following:
Declare an Air Quality Management Area for the Five Ways Island Area of
Heath Hayes, and develop an action plan.
Junction improvements at Churchbridge have now been completed, which are
intended to reduce congestion, which in turn should reduce east bound vehicle
exhaust emissions in close proximity to residential premises on the A5 in
Bridgtown.
Junction improvements at the A5 / Walkmill Lane / North Street in Bridgtown
are currently in the planning stage, but are intended to re-position west bound
traffic further from residential premises, thereby reducing exposure to pollution.
Additionally, more efficient junction performance should help reduce emissions.
In partnership with a consortium of other Staffordshire and Stoke authorities, a Fleet
fuel efficiency scheme called ECO Stars Fleet Recognition Scheme has been
funded for an initial two year period, commencing in Jun 2015. The scheme has been
funded by a Defra air quality grant. ECO Stars is a franchise owned by South
Yorkshire authorities. The scheme entails auditing commercial and public sector
vehicle fleets to assess their fuel efficiency, award a star rating and provide an
advisory ‘roadmap’. Measures recommended to fleet operators will in turn improve
emissions. This approach will help improve overall road emissions both within this
and other neighbouring areas where the fleets operate.
Work is undertaken by a contractor on behalf of the consortium, and fleet recruitment
statistics are formally reported via ECO Stars general meetings. The most recent
statistics were that Staffordshire and Stoke had 24 members. Cannock Chase
Council’s own vehicle fleet has been assessed, and provided with a roadmap.
Cannock Chase Council will therefore contribute to and benefit from neighbouring
authority participation in the scheme.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 v
Local Priorities and Challenges
The key priorities for the forthcoming year are to identify a funding source or
mechanism, which will allow the Eco Stars scheme to continue operating beyond the
initial two year funding period. At this stage, no definitive funding stream has been
identified, although options are being explored with SBEN (The Staffordshire
Business and Environment Network - http://www.sben.co.uk/Home).
Potentially the scheme may extend to include local authority areas along the A5
Transport Partnership Group area, covering the A5 corridor between Staffordshire
and Northamptonshire. However, again funding options have yet to be identified.
A further priority is for Highways England to complete their study of the A5/Walkmill
lane/ North Street junction improvement proposal. Plans would require submission of
a funding bid, competing against other schemes.
Utilisation of developer contributions towards mitigation schemes is considered to be
a key means to deliver air quality improvements. The challenge is to ensure that the
planning system enables developer contributions to be required. Furthermore, where
developers make financial contributions to the Community Infrastructure Levy then a
competitive bidding process for mitigation schemes is involved.
How to Get Involved
If residents and businesses reduce the amount of fuel and chemicals used, it will
improve air quality. The following ways can help:
Commute
Leaving the car at home one day a week. Further guidance can be found within
http://www.staffssaferroads.co.uk/
Using public transport whenever practicable will reduce traffic congestion and
improve air quality.
By avoiding idling engines and/or air conditioning running continuously - switch
your engine off; to save fuel, money and improve local air quality.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 vi
School Run
Walking or cycling to school is not only good for health but it will save on fuel
costs and help reduce local air pollution. Further guidance can be found within
Travel into School6.
Take turns with friends, neighbours or family to drive or walk the children to
school. Check whether your school has a travel plan.
Energy Efficiency
Improving the energy efficiency of your home / school / workplace will help reduce
energy bills, as well reducing the air pollution associated with power generation.
For further information, please visit the Energy Savings Trust (EST) website7,
which is a non-profit organisation that promotes energy savings, funded by the
Government and private sector.
Around The Home
Use water-based or low solvent paints, glues, varnishes and wood
preservatives, look for brands with a low VOC content.
Make sure your home is well ventilated especially during DIY or cleaning.
Have your central heating system checked regularly to avoid risking exposure
to toxic carbon monoxide.
Keep wood stoves and fireplaces well maintained, and make sure that wood
burners are exempted8 for use in smoke control areas.
Before organising days out, check the air pollution forecast.
Purchase "Green Power" for the electricity in your home. (Contact your power
supplier).
Be energy efficient- make sure your house is well insulated and use energy
efficient appliances.
Use trigger sprays rather than aerosols.
Don't light bonfires or barbecues when air pollution levels are high.
6 https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/Stafford/Schools/Schools.aspx
7 http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/
8 https://smokecontrol.defra.gov.uk/appliances.php?country=england
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 vii
Never burn household waste, especially plastics, rubber and treated timber.
Cannock Chase Council’s air quality reports and action plan documents are
accessible from the following link9.
For enquires or suggestions on how to improve air quality please use one of the
following:
Write to: The Environmental Protection Section,
Cannock Chase Council,
Beecroft Road,
Cannock,
Staffordshire.
ST18 0YS
Email: [email protected]
Telephone: 01543 462621
For general information and air quality forecasts, Defra provide information at the
following website: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/. Forecasting uses a user friendly index
band to quickly demonstrate general short term air levels in a localised area, and
supplements this with advice for ‘at risk individuals’ and the general public.
9 http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/business/environmental-health/environmental-
protection/local-air-quality-management.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 viii
Table of Contents
Endorsement from the Director of Health and Care, Staffordshire County Council .............. i
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ......................................................... ii
Air Quality in Cannock Chase District ............................................................................... iii
Actions to Improve Air Quality ........................................................................................... iv
Local Priorities and Challenges .......................................................................................... v
How to Get Involved........................................................................................................... v
1 Local Air Quality Management ........................................................................ 1
2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ........................................................................ 2
2.1 Air Quality Management Areas .............................................................................. 2
2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Cannock Chase
District 3
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or
Concentrations.................................................................................................................17
2.3.1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Levels in Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent ........................ 18
2.3.2 PM2.5 and Mortality in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent ............................................... 19
2.3.3 Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.5 .......................................... 20
3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality
Objectives and National Compliance .................................................................... 37
3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken .....................................................................37
3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites .......................................................................................... 37
3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites................................................................................... 38
3.2 Individual Pollutants .............................................................................................38
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)................................................................................................. 38
3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) .............................................................................................. 42
Appendix A: Monitoring Results ........................................................................... 44
Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015 ................................ 55
Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring
Data QA/QC ............................................................................................................. 58
3.2.3 Significant Changes to Sources ................................................................................... 58
3.2.4 New Monitoring Sites ................................................................................................... 59
3.2.5 QA/QC Data ................................................................................................................. 63
Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations ......................................................... 68
Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England .............................. 72
Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................. 73
References .............................................................................................................. 74
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 ix
List of Tables
Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas .................................................. 2 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality .......................................... 7
Table 1: Annual Mean PM10 and PM2.5 Results of monitoring by Staffordshire Authorities 2011 to 2015 ........................................................................... 18
Table 2: Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01- Fraction of annual all cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5 ) for Staffordshire Authorities 2010 to 2013. ..................................................... 19
Table 3: Estimated number of deaths by local authority area attributable to PM2.5 within Staffordshire for adults over 30- 2011 to 2013 ................................ 20
Table 4: Existing Staffordshire & Stoke Authority Actions for PM2.5 ......................... 21
Table 5: Monitored and Predicted Annual Mean NO2 for AQMA1, based on BTL-B . 41 Table 6: Monitored and Predicted Annual Mean NO2 for AQMA2, based on 268 WS41 Table 7: Diffusion Tube Bias Calculation for Staffordshire Analytical Services.......... 64
Table 8: Deavall Farm (Jan-May & Dec) ................................................................... 65 Table 9: Hislop (Jan - June) ....................................................................................... 65 Table 10: 414a PGRd (Jul - Dec) .............................................................................. 65
Table 11: A51 (Jan - May) ......................................................................................... 66 Table 12: CnKRd ( Jun - Dec) ................................................................................... 66
Table 13: HfrdRd (Jun - Aug & Oct - Dec) ................................................................. 66
List of Figures
Figure 1: 'CNKRD' diffusion tube site ........................................................................ 60
Figure 2: 'HHFW' diffusion tube site .......................................................................... 61 Figure 3: 'HFRDRD' diffusion tube site ...................................................................... 62 Figure 4: Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites, Whole District ..................................... 68 Figure 5: Map of Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites, Whole District .............................. 69
Figure 6: Map of Diffusion Monitoring Sites, Bridgtown ............................................. 70 Figure 7: Map of Diffusion Monitoring Sites, Heath Hayes ........................................ 71
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 1
1 Local Air Quality Management
This report provides an overview of air quality in Cannock Chase district during 2015.
It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part
IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance
documents.
The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review
and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality
objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the
local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare
an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place
in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual
requirement showing the strategies employed by Cannock Chase Council to improve
air quality and any progress that has been made.
The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in
Table E.1 in Appendix E.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 2
2 Actions to Improve Air Quality
2.1 Air Quality Management Areas
Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance
or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must
prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures
it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.
A summary of AQMAs declared by Cannock Chase Council can be found in Table
2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of
AQMA boundaries are available online10.
We propose to declare a new AQMA in the Heath Hayes area (see monitoring
section).
Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas
AQMA Name
Pollutants and Air Quality
Objectives
City / Town One Line Description Action Plan
AQMA No.1
NO2 annual mean
Churchbridge to Longford
An area encompassing the A5 Watling Street between the junction with the A34 Walsall Road and the district boundary with South Staffordshire, and the stretch of the A460 Wolverhampton Road between the junction with the A5 Watling Street and the district boundary.
The Action Plan can be found at: Link11
AQMA No. 2
NO2 annual mean
Churchbridge
to Norton
Canes
A5 Watling Street between Churchbridge Traffic Islands and the District boundary with Walsall. Effectively continuing the existing AQMA to include all of the A5 within the district.
Proposed AQMA No. 3
NO2 annual mean
Heath Hayes An area centred on ‘Five Ways Island’, Heath Hayes. This is a junction
Not yet developed.
10
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/business/environmental-health/environmental-protection/local-air-quality-management 11
Air Quality Action Plan: http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/aqap_nov13.pdf
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 3
AQMA Name
Pollutants and Air Quality
Objectives
City / Town One Line Description Action Plan
(Five Ways
Island)
where the A5190 (Cannock Road), B4154 (Hednesford Road) and Wimblebury Road intersect.
2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Cannock Chase District
Cannock Chase Council has taken forward a number of measures during the current
reporting year of 2015 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures
completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2. More detail on these
measures can be found in the overarching Action Plan12.
Key completed measures are:
2a Partnership working: A5 - Commenced & ongoing.
Outcome: ongoing development of an A5
sustainability strategy through the A5 Transport
Partnership Group, and possible extension of
the ECO Stars scheme along the corridor.
3b Junction improvements:
Churchbridge
- Initial scheme completed in 2015.
Reduced congestion on A5 in Bridgtown area
of AQMA1.
4 Smoky vehicle hotline - Ongoing.
Outcome: Facility for public to report smoky
vehicles. Unlikely to have significant impact.
5 Local transport plans - Plans completed.
Outcome: Implementation of measures to
12
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/aqap_nov13.pdf
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 4
encourage modal shift ongoing.
6
&
7
Travel plans for
businesses within
AQMAs
&
Staffordshire share-a-
lift scheme
- Promotional exercise undertaken in
October/November 2015.
Ongoing scheme implementation.
8 Review of speed
hierarchy
- Review completed.
Recommendations being considered and
implemented where appropriate.
9 Improved cycle facilities - A number of schemes completed, and others
identified for future development.
10 Design guidance - District SPD adopted.
11 Control emissions from
industrial premises
- Continued regulation.
12 Develop policies for
developer contribution
to mitigation measures
- Completion of Planning Design SPD.
13 ECO Stars Fleet
Recognition Scheme
- Commenced 2015.
Progress on the following measures has been slower than expected due to:
2b Partnership Working: M6Toll - Commenced, but slow progress.
3a Junction Improvements:
Watling Street / Walkmill
- HE study ongoing.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 5
Cannock Chase Council expects the following measures to be completed over the
course of the next reporting year:
13 ECO Stars Fleet
Recognition
Scheme
- Initial funding runs for the period 2015/17. The
scheme is being run across Staffordshire & Stoke
and intended to reduce emissions from transport
fleets operating in the area.
Cannock Chase Council’s priorities for the coming year are:
Declare an air quality
management area and
develop an action plan
for the ‘Five Ways Island’
area, Heath Hayes.
- This report demonstrates that an exceedance of
the annual mean NO2 objective is occurring at
roadside locations on the A5190 approaching the
‘Five Ways Island’, where congestion occurs
during peak traffic hours.
- An automatic analyser has been installed in the
area, to provide further evidence.
Continue implementation
of the ECO Stars fleet
recognition scheme and
seek options to fund
continued operation of
the scheme.
- Current funding ends in 2017.
To continue operating the scheme, alternative
funds / operational model are required.
Several potential options are being examined,
involving the A5 Transport Partnership Group and
SBEN
Work with Highways
England to seek junction
improvements at A5 /
Walkmill Lane / North
Street
- Prohibition of right turns into North Street has been
included in Highways England wider pedestrian
facilities scheme. This scheme is currently
included in Highways England’s 5-year bid for
funding. Highways England is continuing to liaise
with CCDC and Staffs County Council regarding
progress with this scheme.
Contributions towards junction alterations would
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 6
need securing in order to undertake this option. To
this end an evidential case will be required,
considering appropriate data, the works to be
included, and likelihood of securing contributions.
Request mitigation
measures / developer
contributions from major
developments in the
district.
- As developments occur in the vicinity of the
AQMAs or significant developments elsewhere in
the district, Environmental Health Dept. will request
that appropriate mitigation measures are included
or developer contributions towards sustainable
travel.
Emission costs to be calculated based on Defra’s
damage cost approach utilising guidance found at
Link13 and Link14.
13
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/green-book-supplementary-guidance-air-quality 14
https://www.gov.uk/air-quality-economic-analysis
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
This table provides a summary of revised action plan measures reported the Air Quality Action Plan Progress Report 2015, and
progress since the report was published. See link15 for 2015 report.
Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality
Measure No.
Measure EU Category EU
Classification Lead
Authority Planning
Phase Implementation
Phase
Key Performance
Indicator
Target Pollution
Reduction in the AQMA
Progress to Date Estimated
Completion Date
Comments
1 LDV/HDV advice on routing
Traffic Management
Other Highways England
Ongoing Not identified
Evaluate potential benefits and to
continue to work to secure funding for
this option.
Not identified
None reported Not identified
Lodge Lane provides an
alternative route for traffic travelling
between junction 11 of the M6 and
Churchbridge, which would
otherwise use the A5 Watling
Street.
Optimising its use will direct
traffic away from the Bridgtown
AQMA and thereby reduce emissions in the
locality.
Liaison with Staffordshire
County Council. Consider potential impacts on local
roads.
2a Partnership
Working:
Transport Planning and Infrastructure
Other CCDC:
Environmental
Ongoing Not identified Complete
accessibility mapping
Not identified
Action Plan for the A5 from A449 Gailey (Staffordshire) to
Ongoing See AQAP
Progress Report 2015
16
15
Cannock Chase Council Air Quality Action Plan Progress Report: http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/aqap_progress.pdf 16
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/aqap_progress.pdf
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
Measure No.
Measure EU Category EU
Classification Lead
Authority Planning
Phase Implementation
Phase
Key Performance
Indicator
Target Pollution
Reduction in the AQMA
Progress to Date Estimated
Completion Date
Comments
A5 Health
Local Planning & Economic Development
Completion of A5 Sustainability
Strategy
A508/A422 Old Stratford
(Northamptonshire) published Sept 2015
Members have agreed
to pursue development of an ECO Stars Fleet
Recognition Scheme.
2b
Partnership Working:
M6Toll
Transport Planning and Infrastructure
Other
CCDC:
Environmental Health
Ongoing Not identified
Dialogue with Midlands
Expressway Ltd., to explore options for encouraging HDVs onto the
M6Toll in preference to the
A5.
Not identified
MEL have provided data relating
to a traffic study undertaken in 2014.
N/A See AQAP
Progress Report 2015
17
3a
Junction Improvements:
Watling Street / Walkmill Lane /
North Street
Traffic Management
Strategic highway improvements, Re-
prioritising road space away from
cars, including Access
management, Selective vehicle
priority, bus priority, high
vehicle occupancy lane
Highways England
Cannock Chase Council
2015/16 Not identified
Completion of Highways England
study work to investigate
potential options for the junction.:
Not identified
Link Not identified Link
17
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/aqap_progress.pdf
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
Measure No.
Measure EU Category EU
Classification Lead
Authority Planning
Phase Implementation
Phase
Key Performance
Indicator
Target Pollution
Reduction in the AQMA
Progress to Date Estimated
Completion Date
Comments
3b
Junction Improvements:
Churchbridge
Traffic Management
Strategic highway improvements, Re-
prioritising road space away from
cars, including Access
management, Selective vehicle
priority, bus priority, high
vehicle occupancy lane
Highways England
Cannock Chase Council
2020 Not identified
Completion of Highways England assessment of the
requirement for further capacity improvements to
Churchbridge Junction, post
2020.
Not identified
Pinchpoint funding allowed junction
improvements to be undertaken in 2015.
Not identified
This measure is intended to improve the
efficiency of the complex of traffic
islands at Churchbridge.
Eastbound traffic congestion on the A5, feeding into
the Churchbridge junction adds to
the pollution levels in
Bridgtown. Reduced
congestion is expected to reduce this
impact.
Further study beyond 2020 required to account for
projected future traffic growth.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
Measure No.
Measure EU Category EU
Classification Lead
Authority Planning
Phase Implementation
Phase
Key Performance
Indicator
Target Pollution
Reduction in the AQMA
Progress to Date Estimated
Completion Date
Comments
4 Smoky Vehicle
Hotline Pubic
Information Other Cannock
Chase Council N/A Ongoing
Continue publicising the
VOSA service on the CCDC website.
18
Not identified
Ongoing Ongoing
Focus: To discourage dirty,
un-serviced vehicles from
operating in the district.
Smoky emissions are not directly correlated with NOx emissions.
However, servicing and
maintenance of vehicles will
improve overall emissions.
Impact likely to be insignificant. In
2014 only 5 smoky diesel reports were made for the
entire Staffordshire and Derbyshire region. VOSA are unable
to report on a district level.
18
https://www.gov.uk/report-smoky-vehicle
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
Measure No.
Measure EU Category EU
Classification Lead
Authority Planning
Phase Implementation
Phase
Key Performance
Indicator
Target Pollution
Reduction in the AQMA
Progress to Date Estimated
Completion Date
Comments
5 Local Transport
Plans
Transport Planning and Infrastructure
Various Staffordshire
County Council
N/A 2013 - 2028
Improve public transport to the West Midlands
Support A5(T) Churchbridge Improvements
Encourage Sustainable Transport
Not identified
Transport Plan completed:
Link
19 to local
transport plans.
Ongoing implementation.
To encourage modal shift from private vehicle use to public
transport. Thereby reducing overall
emissions.
6 Travel Plans for
Businesses within AQMAs.
Promoting Travel
Alternatives
Workplace Travel Planning
Staffordshire County Council
N/A Ongoing Continue to
operate function. Not
identified
A mailing exercise has been undertaken
during October/November
2015 for all businesses in
postcodes within 500 metres of the A5.
Aim: to inform businesses of:
existing programmes designed to reduce
emissions and congestion.
The ECO Stars
Scheme.
Ongoing
Staffordshire County Council to
process any expressions of interest from businesses. 7
Staffordshire’s Share-a-Lift
Scheme
Promoting Travel
Alternatives
Workplace Travel Planning
Staffordshire County Council
N/A Ongoing
Continue to operate function.
Link
20
Not identified
Ongoing
19
http://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/Integrated-transport-documents/Cannock-Transport.pdf 20
https://share-a-lift.co.uk/x.jsp?ano=0
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
Measure No.
Measure EU Category EU
Classification Lead
Authority Planning
Phase Implementation
Phase
Key Performance
Indicator
Target Pollution
Reduction in the AQMA
Progress to Date Estimated
Completion Date
Comments
8
Review of Road Hierarchy
and Speed Limits
Traffic Management
Reduction of speed limits, 20mph zones
Other
Highways England
Completed Completed
Consideration being given to the matter and funding
being sought
Not identified
It is understood that the speed limit review has been concluded
and recommendations are being
implemented at individual sites on a local priority basis
through the Divisional Highway Programme.
Completed
9 Improved Local Cycle Facilities
Transport Planning and Infrastructure
Cycle network
Public transport improvements-interchanges stations and
services
Cannock Chase Council
Staffordshire County Council
Implementation of Local Plans:
- Provision of segregated cycling routes within new commercial and residential. Development (in excess of 200 dwellings). a. Red Lion Lane Development, Norton Canes. Pursue upgrade of mineral line upon completion of housing development.
Not identified
Link Ongoing
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
Measure No.
Measure EU Category EU
Classification Lead
Authority Planning
Phase Implementation
Phase
Key Performance
Indicator
Target Pollution
Reduction in the AQMA
Progress to Date Estimated
Completion Date
Comments
- Provision of demarcated cycle corridors and cycle crossings in existing highways, new road schemes, traffic management and traffic calming schemes. - Provision of secure cycle parking facilities in town centres, railway stations and new retail development creating at least 2500 sqm gross under the requirements of a planning application.
10 Design
Guidance
Policy Guidance and Development
Control
Air Quality Planning and
Policy Guidance
Cannock Chase Council
Planning Department
2016 Ongoing Adoption of District Design Guidance
SPD
Not identified
Completed Completed Link21
11
Control emissions from
industrial premises
Environmental Permits
Other
Cannock Chase Council
Environment Agency
N/A Ongoing Continued Regulation
Not identified
Ongoing N/A Link22
21
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/residents/planning/planning-policy/supplementary-planning-policy-documents 22
https://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/residents/environmental-health/environmental-protection/environmental-permitting-regulations
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
Measure No.
Measure EU Category EU
Classification Lead
Authority Planning
Phase Implementation
Phase
Key Performance
Indicator
Target Pollution
Reduction in the AQMA
Progress to Date Estimated
Completion Date
Comments
12
Develop policies for developer
contribution to mitigation measures
Policy Guidance and Development
Air Quality Planning and
Policy Guidance
Cannock Chase Council
Planning
& Environmental
Health Departments
N/A N/A
Liaise with Planning
Department to identify/ develop procedures to
obtain developer contributions
towards mitigation measures.
Not identified
Completed Completed
Link23
to
Policy CP10 Sustainable Transport
Link
24 to
Infrastructure Delivery Plan for projects requiring
funding.
13
ECO Stars Fleet
Recognition Scheme
Vehicle Fleet Efficiency
Fleet efficiency and recognition
schemes
Cannock Chase Council
7 other Staffordshire &
Stoke authorities
TTR Ltd (transport
consultants)
N/A
2015/17
Continuation of scheme. Under the
terms of the contract, TTR will recruit 40 vehicle fleets that operate in the combined local authority
areas.
Not identified.
However, a calculation
tool has been
developed by TTR to
allow emission
savings to be
evaluated.
Scheme commenced in 2015.
Official scheme launch
in February 2016.
Staffordshire and Stoke recruitment
update as of 8 December 2015:
24 members
Initial funding phase 2017.
Details of how the scheme operates can be found at
Link25
and Link26
.
2016
Investigate potential funding
sources to continue the
scheme beyond the initial two year
period.
23
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/local_plan_part_1_09.04.14_low_res.pdf 24
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/infrastructure_delivery_plan_may_2014_update.pdf 25
http://www.ecostars-uk.com/about-eco-stars/introduction/ 26
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/business/environmental-health/environmental-protection/eco-stars-fleet-recognition-scheme
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
Progress: Highways England Summary for the proposed Walkmill Lane junction improvements, January 2016
The scheme was first developed in 2011, when the then Highways Agency asked Amey to add the air quality considerations on to a pedestrian facilities scheme.
The original scheme required drivers to turn at Delta Way. This is no longer desirable, as the Delta Way junction is an accident cluster site.
Staffordshire County Council previously investigated a similar scheme in the 1990s, but this was shelved due to significant negative feedback from local residents.
The junctions have been improved since 2011, for example the signals at the Walkmill Lane junctions have been upgraded to MOVA. This has improved traffic flows.
New options are available, such as directing traffic to turn left down Walkmill Lane at the Bridge Street junction.
Consideration can be given to including NMU improvements and safety improvements at Delta Way. Way Forward
Updated air quality and traffic survey data is required (the data for the previous scheme was gathered in 2009-2011).
An options appraisal will be required to identify the most effective scheme.
Consultation will be required for the TRO to ban right-turns if this option is selected. Improvements to the Walkmill Lane/Walkmill Lane junction on the local road network could be considered.
Any scheme will be required to go through Highways England’s value management process, and will be assessed for funding in competition with other schemes. Funding will be dependent upon the outcome of this process.
Actions
Kier & Environmental Health to exchange air quality monitoring data and location of monitoring equipment;
HE to seek funding for traffic surveys and air quality study;
Highways England Air Quality team to be consulted on how this sits with Highways England’s Air Quality policies;
HE, Kier and Environmental Health to review.
Cycleways Progress The Local Plan Part 1, adopted in June 2014, includes the following measures:
Policy CP3 Design - ‘ optimise promotion of active design increasing opportunities for physical activity and community interaction’
Policy CP5 Social Inclusion and Healthy Living – key elements of infrastructure to support healthy living listed include ‘cycling/pedestrian routes and pathways’
District’s strategic cycle network as identified on the Policies map and introduce measures to improve and provide facilities for cyclists including
the provision of segregated cycling routes within new commercial and residential development (in excess of 200 dwellings)
the provision of demarcated cycle corridors and cycle crossings in existing highways, new road schemes, traffic management and traffic calming schemes
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk
the provision of secure cycle parking facilities in town centres, railway stations and new retail development creating at least 2500 sqm gross trading floor space
the provision of secure cycle parking, showers and lockers at all major new employment sites, existing commercial premises, as part of a travel plan submitted under the requirements of an planning application
Policy CP15 Historic Environment – ‘The sustainable access and enjoyment of heritage assets District wide will also be promoted through the strengthening of the District’s green infrastructure and creation of footway/cycleway routes’.
Cycleways also feature in our Infrastructure Delivery Plan, which is the mechanism for identifying infrastructure required, for which either S106 funds or CIL payments can be based. Examples of cycling facility provision include the following: Within the vicinity of the AQMAs:
Red Lion Lane development, Norton Canes. - This housing development commenced 2014. Upgrade of mineral line will potentially follow completion of housing dev site.
Elsewhere in the district
Heritage Trail (2008/9). - There is potential for improved links on Hagley Park, Rugeley subject to an Environment Agency flood alleviation scheme in 2015-6. This scheme is to be confirmed.
Pye Green Valley. - A cycleway has been installed by Staffordshire County Council as part of road scheme to serve a new development site.
Pye Green Road Developments - Plans for cycleways linking to green corridor and Pye Green Valley.
Rugeley - Cycleway scheme to connect Rugeley town centre to the new Tescos/canal implemented 2014 and completed spring 2015.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 17
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations
As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are
expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5
(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear
evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature
mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.
Particulate matter, or PM, is the term use to describe particles found in the air,
including dust, dirt and liquid droplets. PM comes from both natural and man-made
sources, including traffic emissions and Saharan-Sahel dust. These particles can be
suspended in the air for long periods of time, and can travel across large distances.
PM less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10) pose a health concern because they
can be inhaled into and accumulate in the respiratory system. PM less than 2.5
micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) are referred to as "fine" particles and are believed to
pose the greatest health risks, as they can lodge deeply into the lungs and also pass
into the bloodstream.
PM2.5 is the pollutant which has the biggest impact on public health and on which the
Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator 3.0127 is based.
The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) undertook a review in February 2016 28
where they found that long term exposure to air pollution impairs lung function growth
in children, and that outdoor exposure is linked to lung cancer in adults. Within
Staffordshire it is estimated that 5%of all deaths can be attributed to exposure to
PM2.5, compared to 5.3% across England (40,000 deaths annually). Overall, the
estimated cost to individuals and society is more than £20 billion annually for the UK.
27 27 Public Health Outcomes Framework 2016-2019Indicator 3.01 Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/520457/At_a_glance.pdf
28
[‘Every Breath we Take: The Lifelong Impact of Air Pollution; Report of a working Party, February 2016, ISBN 978-1-86016-567-2],
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 18
2.3.1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Levels in Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent
A number of the Staffordshire Authorities currently monitor locally for PM10. Defra’s
Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) site, Stoke-on-Trent Centre, has a
dedicated PM2.5 monitor. Error! Reference source not found. presents data on the local
level of PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for the Staffordshire Authorities. Where
the data is derived from PM10 monitoring this has been adjusted by applying a
correction factor of 0.7 to derive the PM2.5 component. The correction factor has been
derived from the average of all ratios of PM2.5/PM10 for the years from 2010 to 2014
for forty sites within the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) where these
substances are measured on an hourly basis and follows the guidance published in
LAQM (TG16).
Table 1: Annual Mean PM10 and PM2.5 Results of monitoring by Staffordshire Authorities 2011 to 2015
Annual Mean PM10 and PM2.5
Results from monitoring by Staffordshire Authorities 2011 to 2015
Authority Site Type Monitor Location
OS Grid Ref
Year
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Newcastle under Lyme
Roadside Queen’s Gardens
E385057 N346137
PM10 - 14.9 22.5 22 22.9
PM2.5 - 10.43(1)
15.75(1)
15.4(1)
16(1)
Cannock Chase
Roadside Watling Street,
Bridgtown SJ980086
PM10 22 23 21 19.6 -(2)
PM2.5 15.4(1)
16.1(1)
14.7(1)
13.7(1)
Stoke on Trent
Roadside A50 Meir Tunnel
E392548 N342572
PM10 - - - - 20(3)
PM2.5 - - - - 14(3)
Urban background
Stoke on Trent
Central
E388351 N347895
PM2.5 12 11 10 10 12
Roadside Middleport E385780 N349376
PM10
25 24 25 24 22
PM2.5 18(1)
17(1)1
18(1)
17(1)
15(1)
East Staffordshir
e Roadside Derby Turn
E424671 N324019
PM10 26.9 25.4 29 31 23
PM2.5 18.8(1) 17.8(1) 20.3(1) 21.7(1) 16.1(1)
Notes: (1)
PM2.5 results are derived from PM10 monitored results corrected with a 0.7 correction factor in accordance with TG16 - Annex B: Derivation of PM2.5 to PM10 Ratio. All other results are directly monitored. (2)
Cannock Chase Watling Street Bridgwtown PM10 monitor decommissioned (3)
Valid data capture for 2015 was 59%. The site was commissioned on 22 May 2015.
As can be seen from the results, concentrations of PM2.5 within the Staffordshire
Authorities are below the 2020 EU limit value of 25µg/m3.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 19
2.3.2 PM2.5 and Mortality in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent
Although the levels of PM2.5 within the County and City of Stoke on Trent are below
the 2020 EU Limit value, the impact on adult mortality directly attributable to PM2.5 is
nonetheless still an important public health issue within Staffordshire and Stoke-on-
Trent. This is revealed in data obtained from Public Health England used to inform
Public Health Outcomes Framework indicator 3.0129, as shown in Table 2. The data
presented to 2013 is the latest data available at time of publication of this report.
Approximately 5% of deaths within the County can be attributed to PM2.5.
The percentage estimated number of deaths attributable to PM2.5 in adults over 30
has been translated into the estimated number of attributable deaths for each local
authority area within Staffordshire, and are shown in Table 3.
Table 2: Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01- Fraction of annual all cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5 ) for Staffordshire Authorities 2010 to 201330.
District/County Percentage
Newcastle-under-Lyme 4.8%
Stafford 4.8%
East Staffordshire 5.0%
South Staffordshire 4.9%
Lichfield 5.1%
Staffordshire Moorlands 4.4%
Cannock Chase 5.0%
Tamworth 5.4%
Stoke 5.1%
Staffordshire County 4.9%
England 5.3%
29 Public Health Outcomes Framework 2016-2019Indicator 3.01 Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/520457/At_a_glance.pdf
30
Source Public Health England www.fingertips.phe.org.uk- Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 20
Table 3: Estimated number of deaths by local authority area attributable to PM2.5 within Staffordshire for adults over 30- 2011 to 2013
Estimated numbers of annual all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human-made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5*) for Staffordshire 2011 to 2013
Error!
Bookmark not defined.
* Fraction of annual all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human-made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5*)
2011 2012 2013
District/County Deaths - all
causes persons 30+
Percentage* Estimated attributable
deaths
Deaths - all causes
persons 30+ Percentage*
Estimated attributable
deaths
Deaths - all causes
persons 30+ Percentage*
Estimated attributable
deaths
Newcastle-under-Lyme
1187 4.8% 57 1218 4.6% 56 1295 4.9% 63
Stafford 1178 4.7% 55 1195 4.6% 55 1261 4.9% 62
East Staffordshire 972 4.9% 48 966 4.8% 46 1097 5.1% 56
South Staffordshire 1009 4.9% 49 1162 4.8% 56 1102 5.1% 56
Lichfield 902 5.1% 46 953 5.0% 47 1050 5.1% 54
Staffordshire Moorlands
927 4.4% 41 1020 4.2% 43 1085 4.7% 51
Cannock Chase 766 5.0% 38 844 4.8% 41 787 5.1% 40
Tamworth 532 5.4% 29 553 5.2% 29 592 5.5% 33
Staffordshire
County 7473 4.9% 366 7911 4.7% 372 8269 5.0% 417
2.3.3 Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.5
A number of the Staffordshire Authorities are currently involved in implementing measures to reduce levels of N02 within their areas, which are detailed elsewhere in this report. Whilst there is currently no statutory duty imposed on Local Authorities in England to reduce PM2.5, a number of the measures are complementary. A mapping exercise completed by the Staffordshire Air Quality Forum members details the measures currently in place which are considered to have an impact in reducing PM2.5 within the County. These are produced in Table 4.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 21
Table 4: Existing Staffordshire & Stoke Authority Actions for PM2.5
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Traffic Management
Urban Traffic Control systems, Congestion management, traffic reduction
low Link
UTC in Leek town
centre
UTC in areas of Newcastle Town
Centre AQMA and Kidsgrove AQMA
UTC in Stafford
town centre
UTC in Cannock
town centre
UTC in Burton town
centre
- -
UTC in Tamworth
town centre and
Ventura Park
Reduction of speed limits, 20mph zones
low
multiple 20mph
zones in place as shown on cycle map:
Link
nil nil
20 mph zones near
some schools in residential
areas
nil
Road User Charging (RUC)/ Congestion charging
low nil nil nil nil M6 Toll nil M6 Toll M6 Toll nil
Anti-idling enforcement
low nil Advisory None
Other -
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 22
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Promoting Travel Alternatives
Workplace Travel Planning
low
Travel Plan Grant Scheme Link
https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/travelplans/home.aspx
Encourage / Facilitate home-working
low
Agile working
adopted by Stoke-on-Trent CC
Agile working adopted by
Newcastle under Lyme B.C.
Homeworking policy adopted
Workstyle adopted by South Staffs
Council
Agile working
adopted by Tamworth
B.C.
School Travel Plans
low Link https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/Stafford/Schools/School-Travel-STARS.aspx
Promotion of cycling
low Link https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/cycling/Cycling.aspx
Promotion of walking
low Link https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/Search.aspx?search_keywords=walking
Staffordshire Share a Lift Scheme
Link https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/carsharing/Q002.aspx
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 23
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Promote use of rail and inland waterways
medium Link
Staffordshire County Council
Draft Rail Strategy is available
from: Link
& Link
Community Rail Partnership
operating along the North Staffordshire
Line including Kidsgrove Rail Station which
heavily involves the local community.
The County Council is a member of Rail
North Ltd whose role includes the
local management of rail services operating to Manchester Piccadilly.
Staffordshire County Council
Draft Rail Strategy is available from:
Link &
Community Rail
Partnership operating along the
North Staffordshire Line and
includes Blythe
Bridge Rail Station.
Staffordshire County Council is a member of West
Midlands Rail Ltd
which will bring a
change in the way
that local rail
services are
managed and
operated. The
County Council
Draft Rail Strategy is available
from: Link
Staffordshire County Council is a member of West
Midlands Rail Ltd
which will bring a
change in the way
that local rail
services are
managed and
operated. The
County Council
Draft Rail Strategy is available
from: Link
31
& Link
32
Community Rail
Partnership operating along the
North Staffordshire Line and
includes Uttoxeter
Rail Station.
The County Council
Draft Rail Strategy is available
from: Link
Staffordshire County Council is a member of West
Midlands Rail Ltd
which will bring a
change in the way
that local rail
services are
managed and
operated. The
County Council
Draft Rail Strategy is available
from: Link
Staffordshire County
Council is a member of
West Midlands Rail Ltd
which will bring a
change in the way that
local rail services are
managed and
operated. The County
Council Draft Rail Strategy is available
from: Link
Staffordshire County Council is a member of West
Midlands Rail Ltd
which will bring a
change in the way
that local rail
services are
managed and
operated. The
County Council
Draft Rail Strategy is available
from: Link
& Link
31
http://moderngov.staffordshire.gov.uk/documents/s69891/Appendix%201%20for%20Rail%20Strategy.pdf 32
https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/draftcannockchasedistricttransportstrategy2011.pdf
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 24
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Transport Planning and Infrastructure
Local Transport Plans and District Strategies
high Link Link
& Link
Public transport improvements-interchanges stations and services
low
Improvements around Stoke-on-
Trent railway
station in developme
nt
Kidsgrove Station Interchange planned for 2018 Link
Recent improveme
nts completed at Stafford
Rail Station
Planned Improveme
nts at Cannock Station as part of Mill
Green developme
nt
Planned improveme
nts at Burton Rail
Station
Planned improveme
nts at Lichfield
City as part of
Friarsgate Developme
nt. LTV improveme
nts to make the
station accessible
-
Planned improveme
nts at Tamworth
Rail Station
including future
aspirations to integrate buses with Tamworth
Rail Station
Public cycle hire scheme
low
Stoke Railway Station
'Brompton Dock' Bike
Hire &
Nil
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 25
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Cycle Hub Link
Cycle network low
Link Stoke-on-
Trent Cycle Map & Guide
https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/cycling/Cycling.aspx
Bus route improvements
high
Improvements around Stoke-on-
Trent railway
station in development - station road bus
routes
Proposed improvements to route 9 Biddulph-Hanley and
route 99 Biddulph-
Macclesfield
Proposed improvements to routes 3 and 4
Newcastle Town Centre
Proposed installation of RTPI on
radial routes in Stafford
Proposed improveme
nts to services
23,24 and 26 in
Rugeley, service 2 Cannock-Walsall
and service 32/33 Pye
Green
RTPI Burton Town
Centre
Proposed new or
extended services linked to the City Centre
funded via developer contributio
ns
Proposed improvemen
ts to services
linking to i54 plus RTPI,
improvements to Gt Wyrley-Bloxwich corridor,
Wombourne routes 256 and 255, Codsall-
Wolverhampton route 5, Huntington-
Walsall route 1 and
Stafford-Wolverhampton route 76
Proposed improvements to local service 2 and RTPI
at key locations
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 26
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Alternatives to private vehicle use
Bus based Park & Ride
medium nil
Kidsgrove Station Interchange planned for 2018 Link
nil nil nil nil nil nil
Car Clubs low nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 27
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Policy Guidance and Development Control
Planning applications to require assessment of exposure / emissions for development requiring air quality impact assessment
high
Public Procection
Division consulted
on all planning
application and
included in pre-
planning advice
Local Validation List Link -applications/information-requirements-and-validation-planning. Development screened following IAQM air quality for planning guidance. Link
Local plan - Policy CP16 - Climate Change
and Sustainable Resource
Use Cannock chase.
Link
33
Link
Link
We ask for AQ
assessments on all large
scale developmen
ts
Link
Air Quality Strategy
Local Air Quality
Strategy - Stoke-on-Trent City Council
Link
To include PM2.5 in emerging AQS
nil Yes To be
updated
33
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/local_plan_part_1_09.04.14_low_res.pdf
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 28
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Planning Guidance for developers
To develop planning guidance for developers and to develop into SPD once Local Plan Polices in Place
To develop planning guidance for developers and to develop into SPD once Local Plan Polices in Place
Link34
Developer Contributions based on damage cost calcualtion
To develop polices to secure contributions to offset pollution
To develop polices to secure contributions to offset pollution
Link
35
34
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/residents/planning/planning-policy/supplementary-planning-policy-documents 35
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/local_plan_part_1_09.04.14_low_res.pdf
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 29
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Planning Policies
To influence polices to support
improvement in
emissions through
development of
Staffordshire and
Stoke on Trent Joint Local Plan
Link
To influence polices to support improvement in emissions through development of Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Joint Local Plan Link
Air quality policy
adopted for development control
None
STOR Sites (Short Term Operating Reserve) Energy Generation . Regulation via planning / permitting regime
high To lobby Central Government via appropriate forums (e.g. Staffordshire Air Quality Forum / Midlands Joint Advisory Council) for
consideration of air quality implications at a national level and to support local authorities and developers with apprpropiate guidance
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 30
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Low Emissions Strategy
high
Freight and Delivery Management
Freight Consolidation Centre
medium
Route Management Plans/ Strategic routing strategy for HGV's
high https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/appendixl-staffordshirefreightstrategy.pdf
Quiet & out of hours delivery
low
Delivery and Service plans
medium
Freight Partnerships for city centre deliveries
high
Vehicle Fleet Efficiency
Driver training and ECO driving aids
medium
Promoting low emission public transport
high
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 31
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Vehicle retrofitting programmes
medium
Fleet efficiency and recognition schemes
medium Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Eco-Stars http://www.ecostars-uk.com/eco-stars-schemes/
Promoting low emission transport
Low emission zone (LEZ) Clean Air Zone (CAZ)
high
Public Vehicle Procurement -Prioritising uptake of low emission vehicles
high
Company Vehicle Procurement -Prioritising uptake of low emission vehicles
high
Procuring alternative Refuelling infrastructure to promote Low Emission Vehicles, EV recharging, Gas fuel recharging
high
Electricity Re-charge Points at some car-
parks
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 32
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Priority parking for LEV's
high Link
Taxi Licensing conditions
medium
Hackney Carriage &
Private Hire
Licensing Policy
2016-2019 (Draft)
Taxi emission incentives
medium
Environmental permits
Introduction/increase of environment charges through permit systems and economic instruments (Permit fees set centrally)
medium Unable to achieve at a local level without central government approval
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 33
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Measures to reduce pollution through IPPC Permits going beyond BAT
medium https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/211863/env-permitting-general-guidance-a.pdf (Chapter
15)
Large Combustion Plant Permits and National Plans going beyond BAT
high
Other ??
Other measures
Smoky Diesel Hotline
https://www.gov.uk/report-smoky-vehicle
A5 and M6 Partnership
Link36
Link
36
http://www.hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk/info/10020/strategies_plans_and_policies/1272/a5_partnership
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 34
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Domestic Smoke Control advice and Enforcement
Link Link Link37
Link Link Link
37
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/residents/environmental-health/environmental-protection/chimney-smoke
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 35
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Garden Bonfires - Advice and nuisance enforcement
Link Link38
Link Link Link Link
Commercial burning advice and enforcement
Link
Legislation enforced - web page currently
being developed
Legislation enforced - web page currently
being developed
38
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/residents/environmental-health/environmental-protection/bonfire-smoke-nuisance
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 36
Measures category
Measure Classification
Effect on reducing NOx and
PM10 emissions(l
ow, medium,
high)
Reduces PM2.5 emissio
ns
Local Authority
Stoke on Trent CC
Staffordshire
Moorlands DC
Newcastle- under- Lyme
BC
Stafford BC
Cannock Chase
DC
East Staffs
BC
Lichfield DC
South Staffs
DC
Tamworth BC
Multi agency working with Fire Service and Environment Agency for trade burning
Information shared as appropriate
Multi agency working with Staffordshire Fire Service and Local Authority Building Controlregarding chimney fires and complaints about DIY domestic heating systems
Information shared as appropriate
Stoke on Trent Low Carbon District Heat Network
High
Stoke-on-Trent Low
Carbon Distric
Heating Network
Stoke-on-Trent Low
Carbon Distric Heating Network
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 37
3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance
3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites
This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with
objectives.
Cannock Chase Council did not undertake automatic (continuous) monitoring during
2015. The automatic monitoring site for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and PM10, located in
Bridgtown ceased operation in 2014 for technical reasons, and recommissioning of
this site is not feasible. However, a new site for the same pollutants has been
commissioned at a site on the A5190, Cannock Road, Heath Hayes. This is affiliated
with the national Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) (Link39) and given the
name ‘Cannock A5190 Roadside’. No calibrated data has yet been polled.
National monitoring results for AURN sites are available at: Link40
Maps showing the location of the former and planned monitoring sites are provided in
Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations.
Nb Local authorities do not have to report annually on the following pollutants: 1,3
butadiene, benzene, carbon monoxide and lead, unless local circumstances indicate
there is a problem.
39
https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/networks/network-info?view=aurn 40
https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/networks/find-sites?site_name=&group_id=4&country_id=9999®ion_id=9999&pollutant=&location_type=9999&view=advanced&action=results
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 38
3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Cannock Chase Council undertook non-automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 18
sites during 2015.
Appendix A shows the details of the sites.
Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D: Maps
of Monitoring Locations. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control
(QA/QC) and bias adjustment for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C.
3.2 Individual Pollutants
The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant,
adjusted for “annualisation” and bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in
Appendix C.
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual
mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.
For diffusion tubes, the full 2015 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in
Appendix B.
Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly
mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3,
not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.
Exceedences of 40µg/m3 have neen detected at BTL, HHFW and CNKRD.
Potential New AQMA
HHFW and CNKRD are representative of relevant receptors and are therefore
considered as exceedences of the annual mean NO2 objective.
These are located in the Heath Hayes area of the district, near to the ‘Five Ways
Island’ junction of the A5190, B4194 and Wimblebury Road. This was identified in
the previous Updating and Screening Assessment, 2015 as requiring further
assessment. These results confirm that an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) is
now required for the area.
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 39
Existing AQMA
The relevant exposure locations within the existing AQMAs along the A5 Watling
Street are represented by monitoring results at BTL-B, 67WS, 54WS and 268WS.
Results for BTL-B and 268WS are the maximum values within AQMAs 1 and 2
respectively, values of 36.5 and 35.9 µg/m3. LAQM.TG(16) recommends that AQMAs
are revoked only after a detailed study, providing the same level of confidence as the
original investigation, and after several years of compliance with the objective. This is
to allow for variations in meteorological conditions that can be experienced over time.
Account should also be taken of national trends in emissions, as well as local factors
that may affect the AQMA, including measures introduced as part of the Air Quality
Action Plan, together with information from national monitoring on high and low
pollution years.
In this instance, dispersion modelling is not considered as a resource efficient means
to assess whether the existing AQMAs now reliably comply with objectives. The main
advantages of modelling are considered as:
to quantify the contribution of pollutant emissions arising from different sources
types on overall concentrations;
concentrations can be predicted across a wider geographical area than is
possible through monitoring alone;
geographic boundaries of any exceedances of the air quality objectives can be
determined;
concentrations can be predicted for future years, taking into account changes in
emissions sources and emissions data; and
scenario testing can be undertaken in order to determine the source contributions
and effects of AQAP measures on predicted concentrations.
Of these advantages, only the capacity to predict future years is particularly useful.
As such, it has been decided to utlise the ‘compare monitoring data with the
predicted future concentrations’ method described in LAQM.TG(16) Table 7.6. The
following charts demonstrate how monitoring results have varied over time, and what
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 40
the anticipated levels will be, based on upper and lower values monitored since
2011.
It can be seen that monitoring results are broadly following anticipated reductions in
NO2, resulting from improved technology. However, peaks occuring in 2010 show
that values can occur above the projected upper limit. Therefore, it is recommended
Table 5: Monitored and Predicted Annual Mean NO2 for AQMA1, based on BTL-B
Table 6: Monitored and Predicted Annual Mean NO2 for AQMA2, based on 268 WS
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 41
that a further 12 months monitoring data be aqcuired before a decision is made upon
revoking AQMAs 1 and 2.
No annual mean results are greater than 60 µg/m3. Guidance suggests that this
value is indicative of exceedence of the 1-hour mean objective. As such, the 1-hour
mean objective contuinues to be complied with in Cannock Chase district.
3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 42
Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual
mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.
Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily
mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not
to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.
PM10 has not been monitored in 2015. However, data from previous years has shown
no exceedence of either the annual or daily mean objectives.
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 43
Appendix A: Monitoring Results
Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site ID Site
Name Site Type
X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA?
Monitoring Technique
Distance to Relevant Exposure
(m) (1)
Distance to kerb of nearest road (m)
(2)
Inlet Height
(m)
Stile Cop
Stile Cop Rural
Background 403840 316100
SO2 NO2
N Chemiluminescence /
UV Flourescence
Bungalow approx. 45
metres distance
n/a >5
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 44
Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA?
Distance to
Relevant Exposure
(m) (1)
Distance to kerb of nearest road (m)
(2)
Tube collocated
with a Continuous Analyser?
Height (m)
MORT Cannock Mortuary
Urban Background
397589 309724 NO2 N 10 n/a N
2.7
OXRD
Oxford
Road,
Rumer Hill
Urban Background
398529 309529 NO2 N 6.3 n/a N
2.8
BTL
Bridgtown
Traffic
Lights
Roadside 398009 308563 NO2 Y N 0 N
3.5
BTL-B
Bridgtown
Trafic Lights
(Bungalow
façade)
Roadside 397952 308567 NO2 Y Y 5 N
1.75
67WS 67 Watling
Street, Roadside 398051 308512 NO2 Y Y 7.8 N
1.1
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 45
Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA?
Distance to
Relevant Exposure
(m) (1)
Distance to kerb of nearest road (m)
(2)
Tube collocated
with a Continuous Analyser?
Height (m)
Bridgtown
54WS
54 Watling
Street,
Bridgtown
Roadside 398250 308428 NO2 Y Y 5.1 N
1.2
BLNC1
Betty’s
Lane,
Norton
Canes
Suburban 401349 312196 NO2 N N 6.3 N
3
HF Horsefair,
Rugeley Roadside 404465 317741 NO2 N Y 7.2 N
2.4
DF
Deavall’s
Farm,
Hawks
Green
Urban
Background 399688 310686 NO2 N Y n/a N
3.0
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 46
Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA?
Distance to
Relevant Exposure
(m) (1)
Distance to kerb of nearest road (m)
(2)
Tube collocated
with a Continuous Analyser?
Height (m)
HISLOP
Hislop Rd.,
Pear Tree,
Rugeley
Urban
Background 404125 316903 NO2 N Y n/a N
3
BTMS
Bridgtown
Monitoring
Station
Roadside 398009 308563 NO2 Y N 6.8 Y
3
268WS
268 Watling
Street,
Norton
Canes
Roadside 400731 307419 NO2 Y Y 3.75 N
2.25
414aPG 414a Pye
Green Road Roadside 398480 312757 NO2 N N 2.2 N
2.25
A51 A51,
Rugeley By-Roadside 704725 318804 NO2 N N 4 N
2.5
Cannock Chase Council
LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 47
Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA?
Distance to
Relevant Exposure
(m) (1)
Distance to kerb of nearest road (m)
(2)
Tube collocated
with a Continuous Analyser?
Height (m)
pass
CH
Mews
Church Hill
Mews,
Hednesford
Kerbside 400320 312265 NO2 N N 0.7 N
2.4
HHFW
Five Ways
Island,
Heath
Hayes
Roadside 401563 309940 NO2 N Y 1.6 N
2.4
CNKRD
Cannock
Road, Heath
Hayes
Roadside 401421 309965 NO2 N Y 2 N
2.4
HFRDRD
Hednesford
Road, Heath
Hayes
Roadside 401536 310001 NO2 N Y 3.2 N
2.2
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 48
Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results
Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type
Valid Data Capture for Monitoring
Period (%) (1)
Valid Data Capture 2015
(%) (2)
NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
BTMS Roadside Automatic - - 36 39 36 34.4 -
Stile Cop
Rural Background
Automatic 99.6 99.6 13.1 12.9 14.4 11.9 10.4
MORT Urban
Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 19.1 18.5 17.5 15.1 16.8
OXRD Urban Background
Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.7 23.2 22.8 21 21.2
BTL Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 39.1 39.1 38.2 39.1 41.1
BTL-B Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40.4 40.5 33.7 33 36.5
67WS 100 100 27.2 28.1 27.6 24.9 27.5
54WS Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 51.5 34.2 33.5 35.7 31.2
BLNC1 Suburban Diffusion Tube 100 81 21.8 19.5 19.1 16.6 16.9
HF Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - - - - 30.8
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 49
Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type
Valid Data Capture for Monitoring
Period (%) (1)
Valid Data Capture 2015
(%) (2)
NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
DF Urban
Background Diffusion Tube 58 58 28.8 18.7 17.1 16.2 20.6*
HISLO
P Urban Diffusion Tube 100 49 14.7 14.7 14.8 12 13.3*
BTMS Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 37 38.6 35.7 34.1 39
268W
S Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 35.6 39.5 36.2 32.5 35.9
414aP
G Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 49 - - - - 37.4*
A51 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 40 - - - 22.7 24.2*
CH
Mews Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - - - 30.5 35.5
HHFW Roadside Roadside 100 100 - - - 42.9 45.9
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 50
Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type
Valid Data Capture for Monitoring
Period (%) (1)
Valid Data Capture 2015
(%) (2)
NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
CNKR
D Roadside Roadside 100 59 - - - - 49.2
HFRD
RD Roadside Roadside 100 59 - - - - 29.7
Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 are shown in bold.
NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined.
(1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year.
(2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
(3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.
* denotes annualised data
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 51
Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results
Site ID Site Type Monitoring
Type
Valid Data Capture for
Monitoring Period (%) (1)
Valid Data Capture 2015
(%) (2)
NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m3 (3)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
BTMS Roadside Automatic - - 0 5 1 0 -
Stile Cop
Rural Background
Automatic 99.6 99.6 0 0 0 0 0
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 52
Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results
Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture
for Monitoring Period (%)
Valid Data Capture 2015
(%)
PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
BTMS Roadside - - 22 23 21 19.6 -
No Monitoring undertaken in 2015
Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results
Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%)
Valid Data Capture 2015 (%)
PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m3
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
BTMS Roadside - - 9 16 6 4 -
No Monitoring undertaken in 2015
Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results
Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture
for Monitoring Period (%)
Valid Data Capture 2015
(%)
PM2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
n/a - - - - - - - -
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 53
Table A.8 – SO2 Monitoring Results
Site ID Site Type
Valid Data Capture for monitoring
Period (%) (1)
Valid Data Capture
2014 (%) (2)
Number of Exceedances (percentile in bracket) (3)
15-minute Objective (266 µg/m3)
1-hour Objective (350 µg/m3)
24-hour Objective (125 µg/m3)
Stile Cop Rural Background 97.6 97.6 0 0 0
Notes: Exceedances of the SO2 objectives are shown in bold (15-min mean = 35 allowed a year, 1-hour mean = 24 allowed a year, 24-hour mean = 3 allowed a year)
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 54
Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015
Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2015
Site ID
NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m3)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean (time weighted)
Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1)
MORT 24.4 28.6 20.5 15.1 11.9 12.2 14.0 17.0 23.7 23.8 23.9 25.3 20.1 16.8
OXRD 27.0 36.9 23.6 21.8 17.4 19.1 18.8 I/S 28.7 34.8 28.0 I/S 25.2 21.2
BTL 57.2 59.1 47.3 34.6 39.5 45.5 46.6 52.6 53.6 57.0 53.8 < 1.0
48.9 41.1
BTL-B 46.4 54.0 43.7 36.7 31.4 37.5 39.6 43.7 49.0 50.5 46.3 43.0
43.4 36.5
67WS 37.3 33.4 29.3 29.0 20.9 28.5 27.8 32.4 39.9 38.5 34.7 39.3
32.7 27.5
54WS 37.8 37.9 39.0 48.3 31.6 48.7 36.3 42.0 51.1 60.5 31.7 31.8
41.6 34.9
BLNC1 25.5 28.3 16.9 18.3 13.5 21.1 17.5 20.7 21.1 18.3 I/S I/S
20.1 16.9
HF 39.0 44.7 34.9 28.7 29.3 31.9 34.2 34.7 39.4 41.9 44.1 38.5
36.6 30.8
DF 24.0 26.6 22.7 16.9 14.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 25.5
24.5***
20.6***
HISLOP 21.2 17.6 18.3 10.9 8.8 10.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
15.8*** 13.3***
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 55
Site ID
NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m3)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean (time weighted)
Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1)
BTMS1 < 1.0 105.1* 43.0 38.9 42.6 45.1 46.3 53.2 54.9 59.4 48.7 45.5
46.4
39
BTMS2 47.7 54.9 43.0 33.5 41.4 39.4 44.8 50.7 48.3 60.4 48.4 37.2
BTMS3 52.8 48.3 44.3 37.6 36.2 43.6 44.9 46.5 51.1 58.3 44.7 37.8
268WS 42.8 43.6 45.0 40.8 31.0 37.8 36.0 42.1 59.0 67.5 32.6 34.9
42.7 35.9
414aPG N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 25.3 28.1 22.4 40.8 26.2 36.0
31*** 26.0***
A51 27.1 28.2 28.2 28.7 13.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
28.8*** 24.2***
CH Mews 45.4 52.9 36.1 36.0 30.1 36.0 39.4 43.1 38.9 51.7 49.7 49.7
42.3 35.5
HHFW 58.6 62.4 53.5 58.1 45.5 58.3 48.9 61.0 45.9 71.7 54.4 41.5
54.6 45.9
CNKRD N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 34.5 33.1 40.4 73.4 101.7 43.4 39.7
58.6 49.2***
HFRDRD N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 28.0 27.5 29.5 < 1.0 39.4 34.6 33.1
35.3 26.7***
Winshill - Brookside (B)** 27.1 23.6 16.7 14.3 10.7 16.4 12.6 12.4 15.6 20.6 22.9 21.6 17.9 n/a
(1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 56
(2) * outlier data removed from mean
(3) ** Background data from East Staffs BC for annualising data purposes.
(4) *** Annualised data – see Appendix C
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LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 57
Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC
3.2.3 Significant Changes to Sources
Transport
During 2015, there have been no significant changes to transport infrastructure that
would significantly impact upon air quality, other than those reported in Progress and
Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Cannock Chase District.
Industrial Activities
Central Milled Lead, an Environmental Permitted activity for melting of pure and
clean scrap lead to form ingots. The Environmental Permit can be found at Link41.
In 2015 the activity added an additional furnace to the existing single furnace. The
model is exactly the same as the existing model, ducted into the same abatement
plant, and each furnace is only run when the other one is not. Annual monitoring has
not yet taken place, but it is deemed that emissions will be very similar to the existing
emissions.
Previous monitoring emission monitoring data demonstrated that particulate and lead
emissions are well within limit values, so the increased capacity is not deemed as
significant.
Pollutant Monitored emission value (mg/m3) Emission limit (mg/m3)
Particulate 0.28 20
Lead in particulate 0.0037 2
41
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/custom/EHPP/Files/IPPC1_2.2a(2)_02_P3.pdf
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3.2.4 New Monitoring Sites
In order to provide additional data to help assess air quality in the ‘Five Ways Island’
area of Heath Hayes, additional NO2 monitoring has been introduced.
Two diffusion tube locations, in addition to the existing ‘HHFW’ location, have been
monitored since June 2015 (‘CNKRD’ and ‘ HFRDRD’). These are roadside
locations, representative of relevant receptors in the area, as shown in the
photographs below, and described in Table A.2.
A new automated monitoring site is being commissioned at the time of writing. This
includes a chemiluminescent NOx monitoring unit and a TEOM particulate monitor. It
will operate as an affiliated AURN site for NOx.
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Figure 1: 'CNKRD' diffusion tube site
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Figure 2: 'HHFW' diffusion tube site
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Figure 3: 'HFRDRD' diffusion tube site
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3.2.5 QA/QC Data
Diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Staffordshire Scientific Services,
Staffordshire County Council. The preparation method is 20 % TEA, 80 % water –
pipetted.
The lab follows the procedures as set out in the Harmonisation Practical Guidance
and is UKAS accredited for this method.
The lab takes part in the NO2 Network Field Inter-comparison, managed by Health
and Safety Laboratory on behalf of AEA. Their lab code is 1017.
The bias factor for 2015 is 0.84, which is calculated using local co-location data. A
calculation sheet for determining the bias factor can be found below in Table 7 .
The lab takes part in the WASP scheme managed by Health and Safety Laboratory.
Lab code 1017.
The latest results for this can be found at Link42.
Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use
Both national and local bias factors can be used. In previous review and assessment
reports, use was made of a local bias factor, calculated using triplicate diffusion tubes
co-located with the automatic monitoring unit in Bridgtown. It was considered that
using this local factor in preference to a national factor would prove useful for
assessments associated with the A5 Watling Street where an air quality management
area is located, whereas a national factor may not be as representative. However,
due to the discontinuation of the Bridgtown monitor, this position is no longer
available and a national bias factor has been adopted. This has the benefit of being
less specific and in line with other authorities in the Staffordshire area.
Bias Factor from Co-location Studies
The following sheet shows the calculation of a local diffusion tube bias
factor for Cannock Chase Council’s monitoring programme for 2015.
Calculation is shown in the following table:
42
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/diffusion-tubes/qa-qc-framework.html
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Table 7: Diffusion Tube Bias Calculation for Staffordshire Analytical Services
Analysed By1 Method Year
Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc. (Dm)
(g/m3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc. (Cm)
(g/m3)
Bias (B)
Tube Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (Cm/Dm)
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 UC Manchester City Council 12 42 40 6.9% G 0.94
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 SU Manchester City Council 12 25 20 24.5% G 0.80
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 KS Manchester City Council 11 72 66 9.3% G 0.91
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 R Trafford 9 35 30 17.6% G 0.85
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 UB Trafford 12 23 21 12.2% G 0.89
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 UB Wigan Council 11 27 20 32.7% G 0.75
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 KS Marylebone Road Intercomparison 11 95 81 18.0% G 0.85
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 R Stockport SMBC 12 31 24 27.1% G 0.79
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 R Stoke-on-Trent City Council 12 59 47 25.6% G 0.80
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 R Stoke-on-Trent City Council 10 37 29 29.9% G 0.77
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 UC Stoke-on-Trent City Council 12 32 28 13.7% G 0.88
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 R East Staffordshire Borough Council 10 51 39 29.2% G 0.77
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 R Oldham MBC 9 42 33 28.0% G 0.78
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 R Salford Council 10 53 53 -0.4% G 1.00
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 UB Salford Council 12 32 27 16.1% G 0.86
Staffordshire Scientific Services 20% TEA in water 2015 Overall Factor (15 studies) Use 0.84
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Annualisation of Diffusion Tube Data
Table 8: Deavall Farm (Jan-May & Dec)
Background Site Annual Mean 2015
(Am)
Period Mean 2015
(Pm)
Ratio (Am/Pm)
MORT* 20.1 21.2 0.95
Winshill -
Brookside (B)*
17.9 19.0 0.94
Average (Ra) 0.94
Table 9: Hislop (Jan - June)
Background Site Annual Mean 2015
(Am)
Period Mean 2015
(Pm)
Ratio (Am/Pm)
MORT* 20.1 18.5 1.09
Winshill -
Brookside (B)*
17.9 18.1 1.05
Average (Ra) 1.04
Table 10: 414a PGRd (Jul - Dec)
Background Site Annual Mean 2015
(Am)
Period Mean 2015
(Pm)
Ratio (Am/Pm)
MORT* 20.1 21.6 0.93
Winshill -
Brookside (B)*
17.9 17.6 1.02
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Average (Ra) 0.97
Table 11: A51 (Jan - May)
Background Site Annual Mean 2015
(Am)
Period Mean 2015
(Pm)
Ratio (Am/Pm)
MORT* 20.1 19.5 1.03
Winshill -
Brookside (B)*
17.9 18.5 0.97
Average (Ra) 1.00
Table 12: CnKRd ( Jun - Dec)
Background Site Annual Mean 2015
(Am)
Period Mean 2015
(Pm)
Ratio (Am/Pm)
MORT* 20.1 20.5 0.98
Winshill -
Brookside (B)*
17.9 17.4 1.03
Average (Ra) 1.00
Table 13: HfrdRd (Jun - Aug & Oct - Dec)
Background Site Annual Mean 2015
(Am)
Period Mean 2015
(Pm)
Ratio (Am/Pm)
MORT* 20.1 19.4 1.04
Winshill -
Brookside (B)*
17.9 17.8 1.01
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Average (Ra) 2.02
*All data un-adjusted for bias.
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Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations
Figure 4: Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites, Whole District
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Figure 5: Map of Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites, Whole District
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Figure 6: Map of Diffusion Monitoring Sites, Bridgtown
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Figure 7: Map of Diffusion Monitoring Sites, Heath Hayes
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Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England
Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective43
Concentration Measured as
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year
1-hour mean
40 µg/m3 Annual mean
Particulate Matter (PM10)
50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year
24-hour mean
40 µg/m3 Annual mean
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year
1-hour mean
125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean
266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year
15-minute mean
43
The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).
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Glossary of Terms
Abbreviation Description
AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’
AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives
ASR Air quality Annual Status Report
Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England
EU European Union
FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System
LAQM Local Air Quality Management
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less
PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less
QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
… …
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References
Air Quality Action Plan:
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/aqap_nov13.pdf
Green Book supplementary guidance: air quality -
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/green-book-supplementary-
guidance-air-quality
Air quality: economic analysis - https://www.gov.uk/air-quality-economic-analysis
Cannock Chase Council Air Quality Action Plan Progress Report -
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/aqap_progress.pdf
Cannock Chase Council Supplementary Planning Policy Documents -
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/residents/planning/planning-
policy/supplementary-planning-policy-documents
Cannock Chase Local Plan (Part 1) 2014
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/local_plan_part_1_09.04.14
_low_res.pdf
Cannock Chase Council Infrastructure Delivery Plan, May 2014 -
http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/infrastructure_delivery_plan
_may_2014_update.pdf
Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance (TG16), April 2016
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG16-April-16-v1.pdf
Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance (PG16), April 2016
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-PG16-April-16-v1.pdf
