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PowerPoint Presentation
The Nexus of Resiliency and Net PositiveDesigning For Passive SurvivabilityJohn Andary, PE, LEED APPrincipal : Integral Group
Neil Bulger, PE, LEED APPrincipal : Integral Group
AgendaWhat is Passive Survivability?Case Study IntroductionsDesign CharretteReport OutCase StudiesSimulation ToolsResourcesQuestions
Passive survivabilityis a building's ability to maintain critical life-support conditions in the event of extended loss of power or water; or in the event of extraordinary heat spells, storms, or other extreme events.
THERMAL HEALTHDESIGNED TO USE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT TO KEEP PEOPLE COOL ON HOT DAYS, WARM ON COLD ONES.
ROBUST SHELTEROPERABLE AND DURABLE, ABLE TO BRING IN AIR AND PROTECT FROM THE ELEMENTS.
CLEAN WATERDEPENDS UPON CHANCE ENCOUNTERON FOOT - NOT IN THE CAR
EMERGENCY POWERABLE TO CHARGE DEVICES AND PRODUCE ENERGY LOCALLY
Resilient Design
Indoor temperature above 94F at 50% relative humidity(for healthy adults)Heat Stress Risk
Making Comfort Tangible
Leading Thermal ComfortResearchApplication of Thermal Comfort AcceptableApplication of Thermal Stress and OverheatingThermal Comfort and Indoor Human Stress
360,000 square foot Administration, Conference and Data Center. Maximum EUI of 25 kbtu/sf/yr35 kbtu/sf/yr including Data Center. Prove large scale, market rate Net Zero Energy.
NREL Research Support Facility
TemperatureRHRain SnowGolden, CO
30,000 SF square one-story office warehouse circa 1970 Uninsulated concrete walls, wood roof and single pane windows Developer-led business case for Net Zero Energy.
Indio Building
TemperatureRHRain SnowSunnyvale, CA
DESIGN CHARRETTES
Break Into Two Groups
NREL RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITY
14JOHN370K SFLEED PLATINUMCOTE TOP 10
IF POSSIBLENET ZERO DESIGN APPROACHMOST ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING IN THE WORLDLEED PLATINUM PLUSASHRAE 90.1 + 50%VISUAL DISPLAYS OF CURRENT ENERGYSUPPORT PUBLIC TOURSACHIEVE NATIONAL RECOGNITIONSUPPORT PERSONNEL TURNOVER
PROPOSAL OBJECTIVES CHECKLIST
MISSION CRITICAL$64M FIRM FIXED PRICE = $260/SFATTAIN SAFE WORK PERFORMANCE LEED PLATINUMENERGY STAR FIRST PLUS
HIGHLY DESIRABLE370K SF : 1200 STAFF CAPACITY 25 KBTU/SF/YEARARCHITECTURAL INTEGRITYHONOR FUTURE STAFF NEEDSMEASURABLE ASHRAE 90.1SUPPORT CULTURE AND AMENITIESEXPANDABLE BUILDINGERGONOMICSFLEXIBLE WORKSPACESUPPORT FUTURE TECHNOLOGIESDOCUMENTATION TO PRODUCE A HOW TO MANUALPR CAMPAIGN FOR BENEFIT OF DOE/NREL AND DBALLOW SECURE COLLABORATION WITH OUTSIDERSBUILDING INFORMATION MODELINGSUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION BY 2010
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JOHNPRE-CONCEPT MODELINGDREW BLDG WALL SECTION BEFORE FIRST CHARRETTE21
JOHN22
POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT
Energy Used Versus Production
JOHN28
RSF I is 2% better than model predictedRSF II is 7% better than model predictedMeasured Energy in 2012
JOHN29
INDIO BUILDING
Net Zero Concept
THE INDIO BUILDING
Reduced HVAC Size
Measured Energy Use and Production
Indio Building November 2015
Thermal ComfortOutdoor EnvironmentIndoor Built Environment
Passive Design & Natural VentilationDaylighting & Visual ComfortBuilding Energy PerformanceDistrict Scale Energy SystemsRhino & Honeybee, LadybugIES Virtual Environment
IES VE / HoneybeeRadiance with RhinoIES VE & OpenStudioTrnsys
Simulation Tools
N
WestCamp Sweeney Project Passive Design Simulations
Peak Summer Day: Without Night Flushing Thermal Mass
Operative TemperatureOutside Air
Peak Summer Day: With Night Flushing Thermal MassWithout ShadingNight flush thermal energy being stored in mass.Operative TemperatureOutside Air
Peak Summer Day: With Night Flushing Thermal MassWith Shading
Within Expanded Comfort Range with Air MovementSolar shading and envelope
Modeling ResultASHRAE 55 Thermal Comfort ResultsWith Night FlushAnd Shaded ArchitectureNo Night FlushNo shadeWith Night FlushNo shadeHours OverheatedDaily OverheatingHighest Temperature RiskHours OverheatedDaily OverheatingHighest Temperature RiskHours OverheatedDaily OverheatingHighest Temperature RiskCIBSE TM52: Avoiding Overheating
SIMULATION FOR WARM CLIMATES
Kona International Airport Weather Data
Operative temperature is the average between air temperature and the surrounding surface temperatures (mean radiant temperature).ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range
In Buildings without AC
Air Speeds0.2 m/s40 fpm0.5 m/s 100 fpm1.0 m/s200 fpm1.5 m/s300 fpmThe literature on thermal comfort indicates that acceptable indoor air speed in warm climates should range from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air-conditioned buildings where occupants have direct control over air movement.ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range CBE Comfort Tool
In Buildings without AC
Air Speeds0.2 m/s40 fpm0.5 m/s 100 fpm1.0 m/s200 fpm1.5 m/s300 fpmThe literature on thermal comfort indicates that acceptable indoor air speed in warm climates should range from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air-conditioned buildings where occupants have direct control over air movement.
ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range CBE Comfort Tool
In Buildings without ACNo active air conditioning is required at 87 deg F air temperature if ceiling fans are used and controlled in each classroom.
Air Speeds0.2 m/s40 fpm0.5 m/s 100 fpm1.0 m/s200 fpm1.5 m/s300 fpmThe literature on thermal comfort indicates that acceptable indoor air speed in warm climates should range from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air-conditioned buildings where occupants have direct control over air movement.
ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range CBE Comfort Tool
N
Energy Model
With 0.9 m/s air movement, upper comfort limit for 90% of occupants reaches 87F
Thermal Comfort Results Annual Operative Temperature
When windows close, provide tempered ventilation air via free-cooling loop
Annual Wet-Bulb temperature at Kona International AirportCompressor-Free Tempered Ventilation
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http://www.weather-shift.com/Understanding Local Climates
Understanding Local Climates San Diego with Weather Shift
Understanding Local Climates San Diego with Weather Shift
http://www.energy.soton.ac.uk/ccworldweathergen/
Weather Spark
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