2016 University of Minnesota Combined Research and...

2016 University of Minnesota Combined Research and ExtensionAnnual Report of Accomplishments and Results

Status: Accepted

Date Accepted: 06/13/2017

I. Report Overview1. Executive Summary

I. Report Overview1. Executive SummaryThis report highlights the accomplishments of the University of Minnesota's Agricultural Experiment Station(MAES) and Extension in 2016. Fourteen programs provide the organizing structure to report both MAESand Extension outcomes and impacts. Two 2015 programs, Community Economics and Public Financeand Leadership and Civic Engagement, are now merged and are called Community Vitality and PublicFinance in 2016. This merger acknowledges that these programs share Knowledge Areas and havesimilar outcomes related to community development and planning. Other planned programs areunchanged since 2015. We are reporting on 13 of the 14 planned programs in 2016 because there wereno housing impacts to describe. Extension reports on programs and initiatives as defined by its structured program areas and NIFApriorities. MAES describes its research on topics related to these planned programs. In many cases,MAES research informs Extension programming. Of the 48 impacts reported in 2016, 17 describe jointHatch and Smith-Lever funded impacts. MAES. Summary of 2016 activities

This report summarizes the effort and results of 432 MAES-funded research projects conducted by 299faculty at five University of Minnesota colleges: College of Food, Agricultural and Natural ResourceSciences (CFANS), College of Biological Sciences (CBS), College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), Collegeof Education and Human Development (CEHD), and the College of Design (COD). While the researchefforts have been reported under program areas, the majority of this research is broad-based andinterdisciplinary and has impacts on multiple programs areas. Though Hatch funding accounts for only 7.7 percent of the annual funds for research, we have chosen toreport on outcomes from all projects connected to PIs receiving non-discretionary funding. NIFA non-discretionary funds are used to support general-use infrastructure, including our greenhouses andresearch fields, to ensure researchers have the basic requirements to start their projects and begin togenerate impacts and outcomes. Notably, these funds are also used to assist early career faculty as theyare starting up their research programs. This year saw the completion of several long-term MAES-supported research projects and researchersbranching out into new territory based on previous discoveries or new interests. Researchers also continueto increase their focus on underserved audiences within the state including seniors, minorities, and low-income individuals. In 2016, 52 projects (up from 45 in 2015) had components tied to underservedpopulations in Minnesota and around the world. Emerging industry needs and key investments from theMinnesota State Legislature were also influential in shaping research plans and topics throughout the year.

New Funding Opportunities and Partnerships Push Research to New Heights

1 153Page ofReport Date 06/13/2017

2016 University of Minnesota Combined Research and Extension Annual Report of Accomplishments and Results

MnDRIVE continues to be a driving force behind interdisciplinary research at the University. To date,MnDRIVE funding has submitted disclosures for 184 new inventions and helped launch 13 startupcompanies, engaged more than 225 external partners, and hired 511 faculty, students, fellows, and staff.Based on this success, the University is exploring ways to expand the MnDRIVE program into newresearch areas. Other key opportunities:

• A nearly $5 million state investment in agricultural productivity at the University of Minnesota wasused to hire scientists and improve infrastructure. Known as the Agricultural Research, Education,Extension and Technology Transfer Program (AGREETT) new faculty will be hired by CFANS, Extension,and CVM many of whom will be based at research and outreach centers located across the state. • Researchers from the U of M have joined a national consortium, known as the Rapid Advancement inProcess Intensification Deployment (RAPID), seeking to address key challenges in energy-intensivemanufacturing process industries. An MAES-supported researcher has been chosen to co-lead therenewable bioproducts team and will help shape research and development priority areas and key industrypartnerships over the next five years. • The University of Minnesota's Healthy Foods, Healthy Lives Institute received $1 million from theShakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community in support of the national Seeds of Native Health Campaign. In2016, they hosted the inaugural Conference on Native American Nutrition in Prior Lake, MN, whichattracted 456 attendees from 33 states, two Canadian provinces, and three countries in South/CentralAmerica and Africa. Research highlights for 2016 include:

• Researchers have developed and patented a sponge that is able to remove 99.9 percent of mercuryin water. This new technology could improve not only the safety of Minnesota's waters but could also havemajor implications for human health. • Economic researchers completed an analysis of 50 years of global food and agricultural research anddevelopment (AgR&D) spending. They uncovered key trends and found, for the first time in history,middle-income countries are investing more in AgR&D than high-income countries. • In August 2016, Governor Dayton kicked off the "Year of Water Action" urging businesses, theagricultural industry, outdoor enthusiasts, communities and families to take action to conserve and improveMinnesota's water quality. University researchers and Extension educators have been and will continue tobe key partners at events and meetings throughout the year. • Itasca, a newly released wine grape, will continue to build on the success of Minnesota's wineindustry as the first cold-hardy grape capable of producing dry-white wines. • Thanks in part to years of research and Extension outreach related to honeybee colony health,Governor Dayton announced a new executive order in fall 2016 which calls for the state to take immediateaction to protect pollinators and creates a new taskforce to further study the issues affecting pollinatorsand recommend long-term solutions. Extension. Summary of 2016 ActivitiesThough non-discretionary USDA funding provides just 14.6 percent of Extension's annual funds, theUniversity of Minnesota reports on outcomes from all programmatic activities because of the critical natureof those funds. NIFA non-discretionary funding assures that all centralized services, including humanresources, accounting, communications, information technology, and bricks-and-mortar offices, areavailable and meet program staff needs so that they can generate outcomes and impacts. Service levels: In 2016, Extension programs delivered programming to over 1,000,000 Minnesotans.This includes programs funded by federal, state, local and grant sources, as well as nutrition education(EFNEP and SNAP-Ed), Farmer Lender Mediation programs, and outreach from Regional Sustainable



Development Partnerships that supports stakeholder relationships statewide. Indirect contacts are defined differently by each program. They often refer to unique visits to educationalweb sites, social media sites, listserves or educational outreach. Direct contact counts reported foradults and youth are typically unduplicated, and refer to actual program contacts that are likely toachieve changes in knowledge, action or condition, rather than casual readers or learners. Extension mobilizes volunteers across Minnesota, giving them the capacity to serve and protectMinnesota's land, water, children, families and communities. Extension volunteers provided atleast 1,288,872 hours of service in 2016, the equivalent of 619.65 full-time staff. This is a 4.7 percentincrease from 2015. According to the Independent Sector, this service can be valued at $32,479,574.Strong volunteer training and support programs are managed by 4-H and youth development programs,the Master Gardener program (Horticulture), the Master Naturalist program (Natural ResourceManagement), and the Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships. Outreach to underserved audiences: According to Minnesota Compass (www.mncompass.org),Minnesota ranks 38th among the 50 states in persons of color as a share of the population. In 2015, 19percent of Minnesotans were persons of color. This percentage is expected to increase to 25 percent by2035. These changing demographics mandate that Extension adapt to meet the needs of underservedaudiences. In 2016, five of Minnesota's 14 planned programs have adapted programming and outreach toengage diverse populations and have achieved participation rates near or above 19 percent.

• Urban 4-H: 42 percent, including 17 percent African-American, 11 percent Latino, 11 percent Asian, 3percent more than one race and .2 percent Native American. Statewide, 10 percent of 4-Hers were youthof color. • Building Strong Healthy Families: 39 percent of all participants; 37 percent of adults; 68 percent ofyouth • Health and Nutrition: 38 percent of all participants; 36 percent of all adults; 39 percent of all youth • Leadership and Civic Engagement Programs: 16 percent of participants • Natural Resource Management: 15 percent of participants Multi-state engagement: All programs reported some degree of collaboration with Extension in otherstates, especially with contiguous states that share land and water issues. Eleven of the 13 reportingprograms this year described some participation in eXtension, and Extension's increased use oftechnology is increasing the amount of shared training that is occurring among states. Multi-state programming is encouraged by North Central Region partnerships with Ohio State, MichiganState, Purdue University, the University of Illinois, the University of Wisconsin, Iowa State, the University ofMissouri, North Dakota State, South Dakota University, the University of Nebraska and Kansas State.Each state Extension has four primary program areas, though there are variations in structure from state tostate -- Agriculture and Natural Resources, Youth Development and 4-H, Community Vitality, and Familyand Consumer Sciences. Administrators for each of these programs meet on a regular basis to discussstrategies, address common issues, and plan together across state lines to create more effectiveprograms. Mini-grants, joint professional development opportunities, common reporting metrics, and jointpositions among contiguous states are just a few outputs from these partnerships. Strategic Plan: Extension's 2012 strategic plan called for greater use of technology to expand reach andenhance outcomes. In 2016, a restructuring of the Information Technology Unit underscored Extension'sinvestment in learning technology and online education. Technology support functions were moved to thegreater University of Minnesota tech support unit after assurance that service would be the same orsuperior to that provided by Extension. A significant portion of savings was invested in positions to improvethe online experience of Extension web site visitors and to support staff in developing and delivering moreeducation through technology and online. Examples are described in the planned programs portion of thisreport.



Extension also mobilized inter-disciplinary teams to respond to the University's directive to address grandchallenges, including: 1) ensuring just and equitable societies; 2) fostering human potential and well-beingacross the course of life in a diverse and changing world; 3) advancing human health; 4) developingsustainable cities and resilient communities; and 5) providing secure food, water and energy today and inthe future. Four issue area grants, directly supported by the University provost, were provided to cross-disciplinary teams to address grand challenges in 2016. Outcomes will be reported in future reports. Staff expertise: In 2016, 142 highly specialized Extension educators (138.5 FTE) delivered plannedprograms described in this report. In county offices, 30 (28.5 FTE) local educators delivered programmingand 184 (172.6 FTE) program coordinators supported 4-H, Nutrition Education and Master Gardenerprograms. Merit review: Since 2008, an academic promotion process has been in place to monitor and rewardeducators' performance and scholarship. In 2016, three regional educators and two local educators werepromoted after rigorous peer review of their scholarship, teaching, and program leadership, as describedin "Merit Review Processes." Academic and scholarship ties: Partnerships with six academic affiliates assure Extension funding orpartial funding for 84 faculty (31.7 FTE). Efforts over the years to improve the scholarship of Extension'sprogram and staff have been successful. Extension's scholar-practitioners produced 141 peer-reviewedpublications in 2016. County stakeholder relationships. Extension offers contracts to each of Minnesota's 87 counties so thatlocal educators can develop, deliver and evaluate county-based programs that align with local priorities.This county system works alongside Extension's regional system, which is funded with federal and statedollars. In 2016, county investment increased by 3.3 percent in 2016. While 15 of Minnesota's 87 countiesdecreased their overall budget, 48 counties increased Extension investments by more than the 2.25percent inflationary increase that was written into formal agreements statewide in 2016 (55 percent). Theretirement of local Extension staff is affecting local investments and decisions, as counties reconsider theirprogrammatic investments in relationship to current needs and issues.

Total Actual Amount of professional FTEs/SYs for this State

Research

1862 1890 18901862

Extension

Actual

Year: 2016

260.8 0.0 433.4 0.0Plan 281.6 0.0 336.9 0.0

II. Merit Review Process

1. The Merit Review Process that was Employed for this year

Internal University Panel●

Combined External and Internal University Panel●

Combined External and Internal University External Non-University Panel●

Expert Peer Review●



2. Brief ExplanationMAES. The merit review of research faculty supported by MAES funding occurs within each of the fivepartner colleges. The process follows standards established by the University for promotion and tenure,and explicitly includes an evaluation of research quality and impact. In 2016, eight MAES-supportedresearchers in the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences were granted promotion.Five were promoted from assistant professor to associate professor with tenure, and three were promotedfrom associate professor to professor. The merit review process by which research projects are selected for MAES funding is also under thedirection of the deans of the five MAES partner colleges, as members of the MAES deans council. Theprocess varies somewhat by college. In the College of Education and Human Development, for example,in the Department of Family Social Science, all tenured and tenure-track faculty are offered the opportunityto prepare a proposal for MAES funding. The total amount of AES funding for research projects is dividedequally between all approved MAES projects, which must undergo peer review. In the College of Veterinary Medicine, MAES-related research projects are peer-reviewed by members ofthe CVM research committee, signature program steering committee members and ad hoc reviewers,selected based on their expertise in proposal subject matter. In 2016, the MAES-related funding wasdistributed across two signature programs: Research in Emerging and Zoonotic Disease, and PopulationSystems. The competition awarding these funds was open to all CVM faculty with MAES related research.The College of Biological Sciences has a similar review process to select research projects for MAESfunding. Extension continues to manage its academic promotion process for all educators working in local andregional offices and specialists working in the Extension college. In 2016, three regional Extensioneducators were promoted and two local (e.g., county) educators were promoted. Each was promoted aftera rigorous review of their educational outcomes, scholarship and outreach to communities. In 2016, an internal review of the promotion process was completed by the Senior Associate Dean and ateam of educators and specialists. The Dean and Human Resources Director approved a revisedpromotion process for the 2017-18 promotion cycle. The revised plan provides greater clarity, givingeducators examples that align with expectations of significance and distinction. Criteria for promotion wereclarified, indicators for success in several areas were added and an appeal process was described.Language between the Promotion Guidelines for Educators with Rank and the Promotion Guidelines forEducators Without Rank were standardized where possible. It is expected that these changes will provideeducators with greater clarity for seeking successful promotion. To assist Extension staff through the rigorous promotion process, peer learning groups are managed byExtension's Professional Development unit, and mentors who have already successfully navigated thepromotion process are assigned to mentor those new to the process. Reviewers consider seven criteria for promotion within Extension's merit review system: 1) programleadership, 2) Extension teaching, 3) program management, 4) scholarship, 5) technical assistance, 6)engagement, and 7) service. These seven criteria are weighted differently for Extension educators withrank (regional educators) and Extension educators without academic rank (local or county educators).Candidates choose their primary emphasis from the targeted criteria and focus on that criteria in theirpromotion dossier. Candidate dossiers are reviewed by peers in Minnesota and from colleagues in otherstates -- especially those who represent their programmatic discipline. Responsibility for the Extensionpromotion decision rests with the Dean of Extension, based on recommendations from a promotion reviewcommittee, Center Associate Deans, and Extension's Senior Associate Dean. Promotion is neither automatic nor routine, and the decision is made without regard to race, color, creed,



religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, disability, public assistance status, veteran status orsexual orientation. Promotion is awarded to recognize the level of the academic professional'scontributions to the mission of Extension and the University, as well as to their professional field. Althoughtenure is not granted in U of M Extension, there are clear expectations that academic professionals will berecognized for attaining a higher academic rank.

III. Stakeholder Input1. Actions taken to seek stakeholder input that encouraged their participation

● Use of media to announce public meetings and listening sessions● Targeted invitation to traditional stakeholder groups● Targeted invitation to non-traditional stakeholder groups● Targeted invitation to traditional stakeholder individuals● Targeted invitation to non-traditional stakeholder individuals● Targeted invitation to selected individuals from general public● Survey of traditional stakeholder groups● Survey of traditional stakeholder individuals● Survey specifically with non-traditional groups● Survey specifically with non-traditional individuals● Other (One-on-one interactions)

Brief explanation.

MAES supported research is defined by the five colleges that receive MAES funding. Thosedecisions are guided by stakeholders' input gathered through each college's research advisorycommittees. Feedback is also gathered from stakeholder groups on specific research areas.Besides the formal processes in place to identify stakeholders and gather input, other strategies arein place to elicit input for research decisions, such as the requirements for stakeholder input to beincluded in each proposal for Rapid Agricultural Response research project funding, and for SmallGrains Initiative research project funds. MAES manages both of these funds. Other research relatedcommittees bring stakeholders to the table for input and decision-making, such as the AgronomicVariety Review Committee, which meets yearly under the leadership of the MAES director. Each Research and Outreach Center across the state, supported by MAES funding, has an advisorycommittee, which reflects the composition and interests of the local area. Also, at the Research andOutreach Centers, there are other specific stakeholder groups advising on particular programs. Forexample, the Southwest Research and Outreach Center has a program that is guided by anAdvisory Committee of conventional and organic farmers, researchers and educators. Researchadvisory boards also exist in several academic departments in CFANS. The College of Education and Human Development maintains a formal Dean's Advisory Council, aswell as an innovations Council focusing on issues of research, discovery, and application. Thecollege strives to mirror its commitment to diversity in these groups, which draws from a number ofcommunity groups. The nature of research requires that MAES maintain contact with stakeholder groups, and use theirinput to shape their research agenda. Many researchers volunteer to serve on national reviewpanels so they can better understand issues and priorities at the national level.



1,000 Extension volunteers serve on Extension's county, regional and state advisory boards andcommittees. This includes over 425 local stakeholders who serve on county Extension Committees,as mandated by state law, and 22 Minnesota citizens convened by Extension's Dean and Director toserve on the Statewide Citizen's Advisory Committee. It also includes Minnesotans who serve onRegional Sustainable Development Partnership boards. In addition, program areas frequentlyconvene short or long-term advisory committees to inform and support program and research thatcomes from Extension. Local and State Advisory Committees review, promote and support county-based programs, anddetermine what investments should be made at the local level. Regional directors convene countycommittees in their area and recruit participants from a broad spectrum of local interests. TheCitizens' Advisory Committee is a network of citizens who believe in the mission and values ofExtension, who reflect the diversity of Minnesota's communities, are willing to advise Extensionadministration at the big picture level, and are willing to build grassroots support. Members serve athree-year term, and are selected to represent the geographic diversity of the state. Members areencouraged to give honest, constructive input for continuous improvement while building supportand advocacy for Extension. Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships (RSDP) manage and solicit direct stakeholderinput through community boards, work groups, issue convenings, social media sites, webinars andformal surveys. In 2016, information gleaned from this outreach informed the activities of 11 of the14 federal programs outlined in this report. RSDP's governing boards are composed of communitymembers (75 percent) and University staff (25 percent) who met throughout 2016 in each region ofthe state. Work groups set regional priorities and present ideas. Newsletters, webinars and researchfact sheets from RSDP deliver updates to opinion leaders, policy makers, students, farmers,business people, media, local government and community members.

2(A). A brief statement of the process that was used by the recipient institution to identifyindividuals and groups stakeholders and to collect input from them1. Method to identify individuals and groups

● Use Advisory Committees

● Use Internal Focus Groups

● Use External Focus Groups

● Open Listening Sessions

● Needs Assessments

● Use Surveys

MAES maintains ongoing relationships with main agricultural and natural resource stakeholdergroups formally by inviting them to be part of advisory groups, and informally, through contact withindividual researchers in their research areas. Stakeholders are identified by their connection to therelevant research area. Extension County Extension Committees and Citizens' Advisory Committees: Committeemembers are drawn from groups of local leaders, volunteers and program participants. They areidentified as candidates for local or statewide advisory committee membership because they haveknowledge or or experience with Extension, have an interest in the future of Extension educationand outreach, and can commit the time required to attend meetings and participate in relevant

Brief explanation.



projects. Extension puts out calls for nominations and memberships and recruits viable participants. Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships (RSDP) intentionally engage board membersand staff who can reach out to various communities, constituents and organizations to developpriorities for each region of the state. One venue for soliciting community and University ideas isthrough RSDP's Idea Form, which is available on its public website. Once priorities are identified,RSDP brings together stakeholders with key involvement in the prioritized issues. In 2016, the DeepWinter Greenhouse research convening is an example of such key stakeholder involvement. RSDPalso hosts listening and comment sessions and surveys stakeholders to inform projects. The boardsand work group members serve as ambassadors across the state, sharing opportunities andlearning about community needs.

2(B). A brief statement of the process that was used by the recipient institution to identifyindividuals and groups who are stakeholders and to collect input from them1. Methods for collecting Stakeholder Input

Meeting with traditional Stakeholder groups●Survey of traditional Stakeholder groups●Meeting with traditional Stakeholder individuals●Survey of traditional Stakeholder individuals●Meeting with the general public (open meeting advertised to all)●Meeting specifically with non-traditional groups●Survey specifically with non-traditional groups●Meeting specifically with non-traditional individuals●Survey specifically with non-traditional individuals●Meeting with invited selected individuals from the general public●Survey of selected individuals from the general public●

MAES. While the majority of stakeholder input is collected through advisory committees andinformal researcher contacts and events, there are other more formal opportunities for collecting thisinput including events where industry and stakeholder input is strategically sought. One suchexample is the Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, an annual educational event for the global swineindustry. Each year hundreds of participants from over 20 countries attend. County Extension Committees and Citizens' Advisory Committees: Meetings are held atregular intervals throughout the year and include programmatic as well as administrative updates.Committees are actively engaged in discussions that result in decisions about Memorandums ofUnderstanding, program investments, recognition of quality programming and projects andadvocacy for Extension to other public bodies, such as the state legislature. Regional Sustainable Development Partnership work groups and boards connect local ideas toprogram expertise available at the University of Minnesota, especially Extension. Web-basedseminars about particular issues of interest bring together community and University stakeholderswith like interests for learning and feedback. RSDP regional directors convene local boards, workgroups and partners to help plan and implement research, education and outreach projects thatmeet the priorities identified by these groups. Each project includes involvement from Universityfaculty, staff, students and other resources. As a result, RSDP convenes stakeholders yearly oncritical issues. In 2016, these convenings focused on local foods and supply chain issues.

Brief explanation.



3. A statement of how the input will be considered

● In the Budget Process

● To Identify Emerging Issues

● Redirect Extension Programs

● Redirect Research Programs

● In the Staff Hiring Process

● In the Action Plans

● To Set Priorities

MAES supported research has been redirected to high priority areas and on the development ofbreakthrough technologies based on information gained from stakeholders. Key examples of this in2016 include the development of rapid bacterial diagnostic tests for the food industry and thecollaborative work to put together the inaugural Conference on Native American Nutrition. Anadvisory committee also worked with the Deans of CFANS, CVM and Extension on AGREETT. Thecommittee helped build priorities for faculty hires in CFANS and CVM and Extension educators inExtension. County Extension Committees and Citizens' Advisory Committees: Input from thesecommittees primarily inform the process by which Memorandums of Understanding are constructedbetween Extension and counties. They also support advocacy and support for Extension to statesources of funding and offer Extension critical feedback from local, regional and state stakeholders. Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships set programmatic priorities within regions in theareas of food, tourism and resilient communities, natural resources and clean energy. An annualaction-planning process brings together stakeholders across each region to set project priorities forthe next year. These priorities drive where staff time is spent and where seed funding is allocated.Priorities are brought to Extension and other University entities for response. One 2016 examplerelates to concerns about rural grocery stores. A survey of over 200 rural grocery stores resulted inthe development of toolkits for small groceries, as well as consultation on energy-efficiencyupgrades. Findings also informed a proposal to AFRI to pilot a visionary model that can connectsmall and medium-sized farms to wholesale markets through backhauling from rural grocery stores.Another response to local opportunity brought five Deep Winter Greenhouses and the first deepwinter greenhouse research convening at the University of Minnesota.

Brief explanation.

Brief Explanation of what you learned from your StakeholdersMAES. Stakeholder input has led to an increased focus on interdisciplinary solutions and findingways for researchers to interact and develop solutions across departments and even colleges. Thedevelopment of new, and the increased investment in, research centers that can take a broaderinterdisciplinary view of key research concerns including invasive pests is a direct result ofstakeholder input. Extension's stakeholder assessment processes revealed strong community interest instrengthening local food systems, including through training materials and resources for ruralgrocery stores, research and outreach around Deep Winter Greenhouse technology, anddevelopment of local supply chains for emerging crops. Community members also expressed stronginterest in supporting local economies and safeguarding natural resources through sustainabletourism initiatives, workforce attraction, attention to water quality issues, and clean energy initiatives.



Community groups are thinking about the future and want to partner with the University to create it.These community efforts resulted in the development or adaptation of programming within theseplanned programs: Global Food Security and Hunger, Sustainable Energy, Climate Change, Healthand Nutrition, Water Resources, Community Vitality and Public Finance, Youth Development,Natural Resource Management, Forestry and Forest Products, Horticulture, and AgriculturalBusiness Management.

IV. Expenditure Summary

Extension

Hatch

09083932 6344440

Evans-Allen

Research

1890 ExtensionSmith-Lever 3b & 3c

0

1. Total Actual Formula dollars Allocated (prepopulated from C-REEMS)

Extension

Hatch Evans-Allen

Research

1890 ExtensionSmith-Lever 3b & 3c

2. Totaled Actual dollars from Planned Programs Inputs

ActualFormulaActualMatchingActual AllOtherTotal ActualExpended

10314718 0 5535005 0

27311730 0 35967658 0

27539027 0 41039290 0

65165475 0825419530

3. Amount of Above Actual Formula Dollars Expended which comes from Carryover funds from previous

Carryover 0 0 0 0



V. Planned Program Table of Content

S. No. PROGRAM NAME

1 Global Food Security and Hunger

2 Sustainable Energy

3 Climate Change

4 Health and Nutrition

5 Food Safety

6 Water Resources

7 Community Vitality and Public Finance

8 Building Healthy, Strong Families

9 Youth Development

10 Natural Resource Management

11 Forestry and Forest Products

12 Housing

13 Horticulture

14 Agricultural Business Management



V(A). Planned Program (Summary)

1. Name of the Planned ProgramProgram # 1

Global Food Security and Hunger

Reporting on this Program

V(B). Program Knowledge Area(s)

1. Program Knowledge Areas and Percentage

KACode

Knowledge Area %1862Extension

%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

10%201 Plant Genome, Genetics, and GeneticMechanisms 0%

5%204 Plant Product Quality and Utility(Preharvest) 10%

5%205 Plant Management Systems 10%2%206 Basic Plant Biology 0%

10%211 Insects, Mites, and Other ArthropodsAffecting Plants 5%

5%212 Pathogens and Nematodes AffectingPlants 5%

5%213 Weeds Affecting Plants 10%5%216 Integrated Pest Management Systems 10%5%301 Reproductive Performance of Animals 5%5%302 Nutrient Utilization in Animals 5%2%304 Animal Genome 0%5%305 Animal Physiological Processes 5%5%306 Environmental Stress in Animals 5%5%307 Animal Management Systems 10%

10%311 Animal Diseases 10%10%315 Animal Welfare/Well-Being and Protection 10%

2%601 Economics of Agricultural Production andFarm Management 0%

2%606 International Trade and DevelopmentEconomics 0%

2%611 Foreign Policy and Programs 0%Total 100%100%

V(C). Planned Program (Inputs)1. Actual amount of FTE/SYs expended this Program



Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 38.4 0.089.10.0

0.0 164.8 0.024.6Actual PaidActual Volunteer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2. Actual dollars expended in this Program (includes Carryover Funds from previous years)

ResearchExtension

Smith-Lever 3b & 3c 1890 Extension Hatch Evans-Allen

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1065095

2533585

818089 0

0

0 2666079 0

14312672 0

17192702 0

V(D). Planned Program (Activity)1. Brief description of the Activity

MAES. Research in 2016 provided new information and strategies to improve crop and animal productionsystems in Minnesota. Diseases and pests affecting our crop and animals remain a primary concern forresearchers along with exploring new opportunities presented by new agricultural technologies andgenotyping.Research highlights for 2016 include:

• Surveys of the presence of soybean aphid parasitoid Aphelinus certus throughout the state havefound its abundance has increased annually since it was first discovered in Rosemount, MN in 2011.Significantly, while rates in the field remain relatively low (five percent), cage field studies have shown A.certus is capable of suppressing soybean aphid below the economic threshold level of 250 aphids perplant making it one of the most important natural enemies of soybean aphid. • A workshop organized by the University's Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health tookplace in Washington DC in February 2016. It brought together regulatory authorities from nine countriesthat have experience with risk assessment and compared their experiences to the Cartagena Protocol.Nine consensus points were agreed to that capture the departure of guidance from their experiences withactual cases. • A three-year, nine state, evaluation of inputs on soybean crops found that none of the productsincluded in the study that claimed to be "yield enhancers" provided any increase in yield. Furthermore,while pesticides were the most likely to provide yield enhancement, they did not do so universally. • Researchers expanded field trials on microbial inoculants to organic production fields at six locationsin Minnesota and continued two large-scale studies on potato diseases and yield at ROCs. The potatostudies had outstanding disease suppression results and data showed that microbial combinations aremore effective than individual isolates at suppressing disease. • Research on the spread of PRRSV found that currently circulating viruses are evolving rapidly, andshowing a higher level of relative genetic diversity over time. This highlights the importance ofphylodynamic models for informing decision-making processes and controlling the spread of animal



diseases. • Corn is a major source of energy for turkey feed in the Midwest. Traditionally, the maturity of the cornkernel at harvest is used as an indication of corn nutritional value. A new University study has revealedthat lower test weight corn reduced energy by seven percent compared to higher test weight corn. • Research on PRRSV revealed that the virus grows better in young animals than older ones. It wasalso found that there is a strong anti-viral response in infected pigs, which is contrary to numerouspublications. This information will assist in future vaccine development and helps explain why there isvariation of vaccine efficacy in the field. Extension addressed current trends in 2016 while maintaining its educational outreach activities tosupport the agriculture industry and food growers. Soybean, corn for grain, and sugar beet productionwere the highest on record in Minnesota in 2016, but commodity prices remain low. In response, Extensionput additional effort into education that improves profitability. In anticipation of the next Avian flu outbreak,educational efforts emphasized biosecurity, and Extension's dean allocated funding for a new educatorposition focused on preventing the spread of avian influenza. Several program areas worked together todevelop new resources for soil health and cover crops, including launching a new web section on SoilHealth and Maintenance. Several educators also combined efforts to focus more on farm safety, and theirprogram designs will be piloted in 2017. EPA and USDA nutrient reduction goals are also being addressedthrough programs with state agencies. Outcomes reported for 2016 describe Extension training that helps the pork industry maintain theconfidence of its consumers, its ongoing success in helping producers manage nitrogen use, andoutcomes related to control of a new weed that is a threat to production of corn and soybeans.

2. Brief description of the target audience

Extension's primary audiences are producers of livestock, commodity crops and small farms. Additionalaudiences are industry representatives who can assist in dissemination of valuable information. Collaborative relationships with state departments, local government jurisdictions and regulating agenciessupport and inform those who influence crop and livestock producers. MAES. Target audiences for research include crop and livestock producers, industry representatives,local legislators, and fellow researchers.

3. How was eXtension used?

Many educators and specialists in the Global Foods planned program area contributed resources toeXtension in 2016. A specialist authored an educational resource related to feeding horses. The Dairyteam contributed to DAIReXNET Partnerships. Dairy educators authored materials about Robotic MilkingSystems. An educator posted a presentation delivered at an Extension event related to nitrogen fertilizermanagement. Extension staff is leading a group of state Extension pesticide safety education programeducators. Private sector funding is supporting this effort for state Extension Pesticide Safey EducationCoordinators from all states to have a more effective way to share educational materials and coursesacross state lines. V(E). Planned Program (Outputs)

1. Standard output measures



Direct ContactsYouth

Direct ContactsAdults

Indirect ContactsAdults

Indirect ContactsYouth2016

103750 2683706 1565 0Actual

20163

2. Number of Patent Applications Submitted (Standard Research Output)Patent Applications Submitted

Actual:Year:

Patents listed"Bolles" Wheat Variety: 201600163 - 3/11/2016Transgenic Plants with Enhanced Agronomic Traits: 14/999,032 - 3/21/2016Seneca Valley Virus Antigens and Methods of Use: 62/378,324 - 8/23/2016

3. Publications (Standard General Output Measure)

Number of Peer Reviewed Publications

Extension Research Total2016

62 130 192Actual

V(F). State Defined Outputs

Output Target

Output #1

● Number of Extension publications and presentations.

Output Measure

Not reporting on this Output for this Annual ReportOutput #2

● Number of Extension learning opportunities.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 558



V(G). State Defined Outcomes

V. State Defined Outcomes Table of Content

O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Participants of Extension livestock and crop program workshops/classes and conferences willachieve significant learning gains regarding research-based knowledge and skills. (Targetexpressed as the percentage of participants who achieved significant learning gains as aresult of attending Extension program workshops/classes and conferences.)

1

Participants of workshops/classes and conference sessions related to livestock and cropproduction will significantly improve their production practices as a result of attending theprogram. (Target expressed as a percentage of participants that significantly changed one ormore of their practices as a result of attending workshops/classes and conference sessionsintended to improve participant practices.)

2

Interventions will result in changes in conditions related to profitability, crop and livestockhealth or environmental conditions. (Target expressed as number of changes in conditionreported each year.)

3

Research will support a more sustainable, diverse and resilient food system (Measure:number of new or improved innovations developed for food enterprises. Measure: number ofnew diagnostic systems analyzing plant and animal pests and diseases)

4

Development of new crop varieties will help Minnesota growers improve profitability5

Research will provide information to support strategies to control animal diseases.6

Economic research will reveal national and global trends on investments in R&D spending infood and agriculture.7



1. Outcome Measures

Participants of Extension livestock and crop program workshops/classes and conferences willachieve significant learning gains regarding research-based knowledge and skills. (Targetexpressed as the percentage of participants who achieved significant learning gains as a result ofattending Extension program workshops/classes and conferences.)

Outcome #1

2. Associated Institution Types

● 1862 Extension● 1862 Research

3a. Outcome Type:

Change in Knowledge Outcome Measure

3b. Quantitative Outcome

Year Actual

2016 0

3c. Qualitative Outcome or Impact Statement

Issue (Who cares and Why)Public opinion favors that livestock be treated well by producers. In order to maintain consumerconfidence, the pork industry acts to assure the public that the best practices in treating pigs arebeing used and create a good pork product.

What has been donePork producers and transporters now take part in Pork Quality Assurance Plus® (PQA Plus®)trainings. Certification is required as a condition of sale by all major packers. PQA Plus® trainingsteach best practices for managing pigs, proper use of health products, and techniques to assurepig well-being. Hatch-funded research on animal well-being is incorporated into best practicerecommendations. PQA Plus® program offers a process for third party, on-farm evaluation of pighealth, barn conditions and record keeping. In 2016, Extension trained 176 certified PQA+Advisors, affecting 10.52 million pigs.

ResultsAccording to the aggregate MN PQA+ Site Assessment report from the National Pork Board,Minnesota pig farms have acceptable scores for much of the needed records, and documentationthat is very close to national averages. They exceed in the area of medication and treatmentrecords needed, according to FDA guidelines. Minnesota pig farms also exceed the nationalaverage in the percentage of animals with acceptable body condition scores.

4. Associated Knowledge Areas

KA Code Knowledge Area



306 Environmental Stress in Animals307 Animal Management Systems315 Animal Welfare/Well-Being and Protection

1. Outcome Measures

Participants of workshops/classes and conference sessions related to livestock and crop productionwill significantly improve their production practices as a result of attending the program. (Targetexpressed as a percentage of participants that significantly changed one or more of their practicesas a result of attending workshops/classes and conference sessions intended to improve participantpractices.)

Outcome #2



3a. Outcome Type:

Change in Condition Outcome Measure


Year Actual

2016 40


Issue (Who cares and Why)Nitrogen (N) is absorbed in large amounts by Minnesota crops. It is the major nutrient supplied ina fertilizer program. Nitrogen in soil exists in several forms and conversion from one form toanother can be complex. There is general agreement that voluntary best management practicesare an economically sound choice and that, if used, they can minimize nitrogen loss to theenvironment and maximize utilization by the crop.

What has been doneNitrogen Smart training programs for producers presented fundamentals for maximizing economicreturn on nitrogen investments while minimizing nitrogen losses. Eight workshops were deliveredacross the state in December of 2016. Updated research from Hatch funding regardingappropriate nitrogen levels has influenced established best practices.

ResultsThere were 274 people who attended Nitrogen Smart trainings. Farmers were 73 percent ofsurvey respondents with a total of 183,177 acres. In a follow up survey, 39.5 percent reducedtheir N rate by an average of 33 lb/acre, which would translate into a savings of $7,181 perattendee; 14.5 percent changed from an all-fall application to all-spring, which resulted in anestimated increase of 121,856 bu. of corn or $13,056 per farmer who made the change. Almost



12 percent stopped using fall Urea, which converted an estimated 12,512 acres of land andextrapolates to a reduction of 150,240 ob. of N lost to the environment.


KA Code Knowledge Area204 Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest)

1. Outcome Measures

Interventions will result in changes in conditions related to profitability, crop and livestock health orenvironmental conditions. (Target expressed as number of changes in condition reported eachyear.)

Outcome #3



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 2


Issue (Who cares and Why)Palmer amaranth is a very fast growing and competitive weed that has proven to be veryadaptable to corn and soybean herbicides commonly used in Minnesota. In some states, yieldlosses in corn and soybeans have been as high as 90 percent and 80 percent, respectively. Insome fields, harvest equipment cannot cut through the weed infestation and the field must bemowed down.

What has been doneAfter encouragement from Extension, the Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) includedPalmar amaranth on the Prohibited Noxious Weed-Eradicate list. Press releases, web pages andCrop News blog notices were quickly rolled out to warn people of potential threat. Before theprogram, 22 percent knew much or very much about the weed. After the program, 72%understood how to identify the weed. Previous MAES research about the effect of palmeramaranth in other states was applied to this outreach.

ResultsIn September of 2016, Palmer amaranth was identified for the first time in Minnesota in 30planting sites across 200 acres. It was first identified by a landowner who contacted his crop



consultant after having been informed by Extension as to how to properly identify the weed.Coordinated management plans are now being prepared by MDA and Extension faculty for the 30affected sites, and the plan will be implemented during the 2017 growing season. U of MExtension Faculty will continue to educate crop consultants and other interested parties about theidentification and biological weaknesses of Palmer amaranth, and will help the MDA developeffective eradication measures at the affected areas.


KA Code Knowledge Area204 Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest)

1. Outcome Measures

Research will support a more sustainable, diverse and resilient food system (Measure: number ofnew or improved innovations developed for food enterprises. Measure: number of new diagnosticsystems analyzing plant and animal pests and diseases)

Outcome #4


● 1862 Research

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 0


Issue (Who cares and Why)Ug99 is a lineage of wheat stem rust present in wheat fields in several countries in Africa and theMiddle East. Due to its virulence to several stem rust resistance genes, it is predicted to spreadrapidly through these regions and possibly further afield.

What has been doneIn an effort to identify genes with resistance to Ug99, University researchers carried out agenome-wide association study on a panel of 250 spring wheat breeding lines from theInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, six wheat breeding programs in the US, andthree breeding programs in Canada.

ResultsOnly nine of the 250 lines displayed seedling resistance to all three races. Twenty-seven SNPmarkers associated with APR against Ug99 were detected and 23, 86, and 111 SNP markersassociated with seedling resistance against races TTKSK, TRTTF, and TKTTF respectively.



This study demonstrates that North American wheat breeding lines have several loci that provideAPR and seedling resistance to highly virulent Pgt races. Using the resistance lines and the SNPmarkers identified in this study, marker-assisted resistance breeding can assist in thedevelopment of varieties with elevated levels of resistance to virulent stem rust races includingTTKSK.


KA Code Knowledge Area201 Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms204 Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest)205 Plant Management Systems212 Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants

1. Outcome Measures

Development of new crop varieties will help Minnesota growers improve profitability

Outcome #5

Not Reporting on this Outcome Measure

1. Outcome Measures

Research will provide information to support strategies to control animal diseases.

Outcome #6



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 0


Issue (Who cares and Why)



Influenza A virus is endemic in pigs and ongoing concern to producers. It has proven extremelydifficult to control in part due to the multiple strains that may be co-circulating on a farm and thelimited cross-protection current vaccines provide against various strains. Additionally, moreinformation is needed about various transmission routes including aerosols.

What has been doneFaculty at the College of Veterinary Medicine have extensively studied influenza aerosols in labexperiments and in the field.

In 2015, due to the HPAI outbreak, researchers were able to get extensive samples from infectedturkey farms all over the state, including samples from exhaust fans. Significantly, they uncoveredvirus particles, in a wide-range of sizes, on surfaces outside the farm implying that given the rightconditions aerosols may play a role in the spread of influenza viruses between farms.

ResultsThe information derived from these studies is important to design effective airborne diseasecontrol programs, including mitigation of occupational exposure to people in contact with infectedswine and poultry.

Significantly, the findings of this study indicate that recommendations provided so far by the CDCto prevent exposure, in people in particular, may not be enough to avoid infection. Results havebeen shared with Extension educators, poultry producers, government officials, and filtrationcompanies working on improving biosecurity on farms.


KA Code Knowledge Area307 Animal Management Systems311 Animal Diseases315 Animal Welfare/Well-Being and Protection

1. Outcome Measures

Economic research will reveal national and global trends on investments in R&D spending in foodand agriculture.

Outcome #7


● 1862 Research

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual



2016 0


Issue (Who cares and Why)The amount, orientation, and effectiveness of investments in research and development (R&D)shape our technological futures, but the processes play out over long-periods of time and requirelong-run perspective that takes into account all-dimensions of food and agriculture productivity.

What has been doneApplied economic researchers at the University were interested in how the geographicaldistribution of food and agricultural R&D is changing. To track shifts on where R&D spendingoccurs worldwide, they revised and updated datasets maintained by the University of Minnesota'sInternational Science and Technology Practice and Policy Center. They also pooled data fromgovernment and international agencies and private firms. In all, the update took six years, andinvolved more than 60 collaborators at national and international statistical and scientificagencies.

ResultsTheir analysis of 50 years of data from across the globe revealed that we are in the midst of ahistoric transition--the governments of middle-income nations are investing more than those ofhigh-income ones for the first time in modern history. Additionally, the study revealed the majorityof food and agricultural R&D is now being done by private firms rather than governmentinstitutions and public universities.

Today's R&D investment decisions will cast shadows forward to 2050 and beyond, making thetrends being uncovered now significant for the future of food production. As population numberscontinue to sore, it will be especially important to ensure that R&D advances are shared with low-income countries.


KA Code Knowledge Area204 Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest)601 Economics of Agricultural Production and Farm Management606 International Trade and Development Economics611 Foreign Policy and Programs

V(H). Planned Program (External Factors)

External factors which affected outcomes● Economy

Brief Explanation

Low prices for commodities shaped programmatic priorities in 2016.



V(I). Planned Program (Evaluation Studies)

Evaluation Results

Global foods educational presentations are routinely evaluated to understand the degree to whicheducational efforts are providing new knowledge and guiding people to act. Follow up evaluationsdetermine whether actions were taken and affected a significant portion of Minnesota's agriculturaleconomy. In 2016, the evaluations discovered outcomes such as the following:

• A poultry education program was relaunched in collaboration with the Minnesota TurkeyGrowers Association and the Chicken and Egg Association of Minnesota. More than 14.3 millionbirds were represented by owners, managers and industry professionals through this workshop.Thirty days later, 53 percent of attendees had made a change to benefit their operations. • Cattle Feeder Days reached a combined feeding capacity of 22,000 head of cattle. Over 95percent of producers indicated they would implement information covered at the meeting on their ownoperation. An additional Dairy Expo had 288 attendees from 16 counties, representing 17,635 cattle,and 67 percent reported they had made a change in their operations as a result of last year's expo.

Key Items of Evaluation

Evaluation showed that Extension education has influenced producer activity for more than 14.3million birds, almost 40,000 heads of cattle, and 10.52 million pigs. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• USDA-AFRI • Rapid Agricultural Response Fund • Small Grains Initiative • National Science Foundation • United Soybean Board • United Nations Environmental Program • Minnesota Department of Agriculture • Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grant • USDA Foreign Ag Service Program • Bill and Linda Gates Foundation • MnDRIVE





Sustainable Energy




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

15%131 Alternative Uses of Land 10%

5%401 Structures, Facilities, and GeneralPurpose Farm Supplies 15%

20%402 Engineering Systems and Equipment 10%

10%501 New and Improved Food ProcessingTechnologies 5%

25%511 New and Improved Non-Food Productsand Processes 10%


10%605 Natural Resource and EnvironmentalEconomics 50%

5%610 Domestic Policy Analysis 0%Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 8.5 0.016.80.0





ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

511622

2192806

1340920 0

0

0 122163 0

2704353 0

3691458 0


MAES. Research on sustainable energy is providing a better understanding of how we can utilizerenewable energy sources and technologies in economically and environmentally feasible ways.

• Researchers at the Research and Outreach Center at Morris are working to increase energyefficiencies in agriculture-including dairy and swine operations. One innovation captures the heat from themilk and uses it to heat the water they need to clean the dairy. • An interdisciplinary MnDRIVE funded project called WasteNot focuses on re-engineering our systemof handling organic waste including exploring how we can turn food into fuel. One new technology calledmicrowave-assisted pyrolysis turns food waste into three marketable products: char residue, synthetic gas,and bio oil. They've built and tested a small mobile unit but more investors are needed to refine andupscale it for commercial use. • A study exploring efficient management of energy production and use looked at three geographicareas, Minnesota, Illinois and Michigan, to estimate how the shifts in electricity use associated withchanges in electricity pricing policy would influence total emissions. The results suggest that real timepricing would cause lower electricity costs while having little or no impact on emissions. • Researchers developed heat-curable fully biobased adhesives. The new adhesives are competitive inbond strength with commercial adhesives used for wood bonding. • A study on the use of P. Electrocoagulation (EC) to remove phosphorus and recover it from dairymanure found low carbon steel achieved the most efficient P removal (96.7 percent) and the averageparticle size of manure solids was increased from 32.2 to 126.9 micrometers. Overall, researchers foundEC by low carbon steel is an effective method for P separation from liquid phase of dairy manure to solidphase. • Researchers developed approaches to knockout multiple genes in Azotobacter vinelandii usingcounter-selection. This is an early step in their aim to produce urea biosynthetically through nitrogen fixingsoil bacterium. • A study on anaerobic digestion showed co-digestion, if controlled in an optimized ratio, can maximizethe biogas production and potentially increase the profitability of the digester. • A study has begun on the assessment of waste nitrogen, from dairy wastewater, and its potential forgrowing algal biomass. Thus far, researchers have identified the dilution factor needed to optimize algalbiomass growth. Extension. Sustainable Energy programming at Extension is primarily carried out through the CleanEnergy Resource Team project (CERTs). CERTs is a statewide partnership with a shared mission toconnect individuals and their communities to the resources they need to carry out community-based cleanenergy projects. CERTs activities in Extension include the following partners: University of Minnesota



Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships, The Great Plains Institute, Southwest RegionalDevelopment Commission, and the Minnesota Division of Energy Resources. In 2016, CERTs demonstrated the significance of its work by publishing 172 new stories to its MinnesotaEnergy Stories blog. These stories included case studies about CERTs seed grant projects, highlights ofsuccessful projects, interviews with business owners who made changes to energy consumption withCERTs intervention, and summaries of tours and events that focused on clean energy options. Continuingits work in public education, CERTs hosted 31 events to highlight energy-saving opportunities throughworkshops, tours and forums. Additionally, CERTs connected with Minnesotans directly through 267 otheroutreach activities, including convening meetings with community-based organizations. CERTs oversawthe use of $100,000 awarded as seed grants for 39 local clean energy projects. CERTs piloted newcampaigns and tested new models for scaled-up sustainable energy impact. Reported outcomes describe how CERTs programming is saving or offsetting 204.9 billion BTUs annually.This is equivalent to heating 2,568 Minnesota homes for an entire winter, or powering the electricity for5,306 homes for an entire year. 2. Brief description of the target audience

Extension programming through Clean Energy Resource Teams is delivered in seven regions spanningthe entire state of Minnesota. CERTs empowers communities and their members to adopt energyconservation, energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies for their homes, businesses and localinstitutions. Types of communities that CERTs works with include, but are not limited to, businesses, civicorganizations, economic developers, faith groups, farmers, local governments, residents andneighborhoods, schools, and utilities. MAES research reaches agriculture and natural resources industry representatives, biotechnologycompany representatives, policymakers, state and federal agency representatives, private citizens, andentrepreneurs.3. How was eXtension used?

CERTs uses eXtension extensively to research farm energy resources that should be included ineducational content for public and state-funded research and implementation projects, to increase theteam's knowledge about specific energy efficient farm technologies, and to gain an understanding of whichstate Extension programs are the "authority" on given subjects. eXtension also helps substantiate bestpractices and verify vendor claims.

V(E). Planned Program (Outputs)






18111 468800 734 11808Actual

2. Number of Patent Applications Submitted (Standard Research Output)



20166

Patent Applications Submitted

Actual:Year:

Patents listedCompositions Including Ligninsulfonate, Compositions Including UnalkylatedLignin, and Methods of Forming: PCT/US2016/050372 - 9/6/2016Compositions Including Lignin: National Stage No.15/125 - 9/12/2016Genetically Modified Diazotrophs and Methods of Using Same: 15/067,802 - 3/11/2016Production of Biodiesel from Scum: 15/019,707 - 2/9/2016Methods of Extracting Phosphorous from Distillates: 15/148,454 - 5/6/2016Bioactive Composition Including Stabilized Protein and Process for Producing the Same: 2016-207089 -10/21/2016Lipase-containing Polymeric Coatings for the Facilitated Removal of Fingerprints: 9,428,740 - 8/30/2016(ISSUED)Pressure-sensitive Adhesives Having High Bio-based Content and Macromonomers for Preparing Same:9,469,797 - 10/18/2016 (ISSUED)3. Publications (Standard General Output Measure)



0 51 51Actual


Output Target

Output #1

● Seed grant dollars will provide opportunity and support for clean energy projects to occur inMinnesota communities.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 72861

Output #2

● Workshops, tours and forums will provide unbiased information regarding energy efficiency andrenewable energy to target audiences.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 31



Output #3

● Subscribed members to the CERTs list serve will receive regular communication and educationabout clean energy resources in Minnesota.

Output Measure






O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Research will investigate and help develop novel sources of bioenergy.1

Participants of workshops, tours and forums will report that they were able to make informeddecisions about energy efficiency and renewable energy. (Target reported as the number ofthose who took action.)

2

Activities will contribute to quantifiable annual energy savings, either through energyefficiency and conservation efforts or by offsetting current energy sources through the use ofrenewable energy. (Target expressed is the total number of million BTUs saved as a result ofCERTs activities this year.)

3



1. Outcome Measures

Research will investigate and help develop novel sources of bioenergy.

Outcome #1


● 1862 Research

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 0


Issue (Who cares and Why)In the US, the total amount of municipal solid waste is rising each year. Millions of tons of solidwaste and scum are produced annually that require safe and environmentally sound disposal.More research is needed to help turn municipal waste scum into economically feasible renewablebioenergy technologies.

What has been doneResearchers developed an economic screening method that compares the potential energy andeconomic value of three waste-to-energy technologies: incineration, anaerobic digestion, andbiodiesel.

A St. Paul, MN wastewater treatment facility producing 3175 "wet" kilograms of scum per day wasused for comparison. Variables that control environmental performance were identified andevaluated including fossil fuel use, greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, and acidification.

ResultsAfter applying all available subsidies, scum-to-biodiesel was shown to have the greatesteconomic potential, valued between $491,949 and $610,624 per year. And the incineration ofscum yielded the greatest reclaimed energy potential at 29 billion kilojoules/year.

The results also showed scum-to-biodiesel technology has negative impacts in all impactcategories and that the benefits assigned by replacing diesel production contribute to reducing lifecycle impacts significantly.




KA Code Knowledge Area131 Alternative Uses of Land402 Engineering Systems and Equipment511 New and Improved Non-Food Products and Processes601 Economics of Agricultural Production and Farm Management605 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics610 Domestic Policy Analysis

1. Outcome Measures

Participants of workshops, tours and forums will report that they were able to make informeddecisions about energy efficiency and renewable energy. (Target reported as the number of thosewho took action.)

Outcome #2


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:

Change in Action Outcome Measure


Year Actual

2016 58


Issue (Who cares and Why)Specific target audiences have different means available for saving energy and using cleanenergy resources. Introducing new technology and its viability for everyday use can help peopleadopt new clean energy technology. Communities, especially, have the opportunity to makeenergy efficiency possible among residents. When business owners, local units of governmentand community members share stories and examine options, technology adoption results.

What has been doneCERTs hosted 31 events in 2016, reaching audiences such as farmers, small business owners,residents, local units of government and utilities. Each event includes educational content onspecific topics ranging from efficient lighting to biomass energy, and major mechanical upgradesto solar energy, as well as suggested actions Minnesotans can take to advance clean energy.

ResultsOut of the 31 events, 12 were assessed regarding attendees' subsequent actions. As an average,weighted to attendance at the 12 events, 58 percent of respondents reported they are likely totake action. The events advanced actions such as the following: 1) Local governments subscribed



to community solar gardens, 2) Community solar gardens were offered to communities, 3)Individuals subscribed to a community solar garden, 4) Buildings of many kinds were upgraded toLED lighting and other energy efficient equipment, 6) Individuals adopted use of electric vehicles.If all respondents implement actions, approximately 47 billion BTUs will be saved through energyefficiency or renewable energy.


KA Code Knowledge Area131 Alternative Uses of Land401 Structures, Facilities, and General Purpose Farm Supplies402 Engineering Systems and Equipment501 New and Improved Food Processing Technologies511 New and Improved Non-Food Products and Processes605 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics

1. Outcome Measures

Activities will contribute to quantifiable annual energy savings, either through energy efficiency andconservation efforts or by offsetting current energy sources through the use of renewable energy.(Target expressed is the total number of million BTUs saved as a result of CERTs activities thisyear.)

Outcome #3


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 204909


Issue (Who cares and Why)Minnesota's energy supply is not as clean, efficient, reliable and affordable as it could be.Minnesotans spent $24 billion and consumed a total of 1,860 trillion BTUs of energy (electricity,natural gas, petroleum products, coal and biomass) in 2013 to supply energy needs. Energy usespreads across four main sectors: Transportation (24 percent total use), residential (23 percenttotal use), commercial (19 percent total use) and industrial (34 percent total use).

What has been done



CERTs works with Minnesota communities to connect them to resources, research-basedinformation and networks that advance clean energy projects. The goal is to help Minnesota meetenergy efficiency and renewable energy goals, many of which were signed into law in 2007 atMinnesota's NEXT Generation Energy Act. The law requires Minnesota utilities to produce 25percent of energy using renewable resources by 2025 and established a statewide energyconservation goal of 1.5 percent of annual retail electric sales and 1.0 percent of annual gas saleseach year.

ResultsThe 2016 calculated total BTUs saved is 204.9 billion. The ways this was accomplished includethe following outcomes: 1) 22 local governments subscribed to community solar gardens to offsetenergy use in publicly-owned buildings (122 billion BTUs) 2) Property Assessed Clean Energyfinancing was arranged with local jurisdictions, allowing 21 businesses to complete efficiency andsolar projects (54 billion BTUs) 3) a $2 billion, multi-year Guaranteed Energy Savings Programwith deep energy retrofits for one city's buildings and streetlights was completed (14 billion BTUs)4) 30 independent gas stations upgraded to LED canopy lighting and 19 non-canopy lightingsprojects, and more (4.6 billion BTUs).


KA Code Knowledge Area131 Alternative Uses of Land401 Structures, Facilities, and General Purpose Farm Supplies402 Engineering Systems and Equipment501 New and Improved Food Processing Technologies511 New and Improved Non-Food Products and Processes605 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics


External factors which affected outcomes● Other (No factors affected outcomes.)

Brief Explanation


Evaluation Results

The CERTs evaluation plan tracks intentions and follow through of those who are educated, receiveseed grants, or take advantage of technical assistance for projects. CERTs quantifies total BTUs ofenergy saved annually through campaigns, technical assistance, utility support and seed grants. The2016 total is 204.9 billion BTUs in annual energy savings or renewable energy offset.




Sustainable energy programs at the University of Minnesota have generated 204.9 billion BTUs inannual energy savings or renewable energy offset. This energy conservation is enough to heat 2,568Minnesota homes or power electricity for 5,306 homes annually. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• Renewable Development Fund • Minnesota Department of Agriculture • UMN Grant-in-Aid • Environmental Defense Fund • UMN Department Start-up Funds





Climate Change




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

20%102 Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships 10%

20%104 Protect Soil from Harmful Effects ofNatural Elements 20%

20%123 Management and Sustainability of ForestResources 10%

20%132 Weather and Climate 50%


Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 0.0 0.046.40.0



ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

0

0

0 0

0

0 249646 0

1605571 0

2638533 0




MAES. Climate change is the greatest challenge facing resource managers and policy experts today.Research conducted at University of Minnesota related to climate change takes on this challenge fromseveral lenses. Breeders are working to discover trees and crops with climate adaptive traits andresearchers are exploring how changes to our climate will affect Minnesota and the world.Research highlights for 2016 include:

• Research on the restoration of Great Plains ecosystems led to a new decision support model forassessing management options for grasslands that support water-dependent rare plant populations thatare likely vulnerable to climate change and invasive species. The model has been published andcommunicated to stakeholder groups. • Using a Bayesian inverse modeling approach, U of M researchers demonstrated that nitrous oxideemissions are much larger from the direct source categories compared to IPCC (Inter-governmental Panelof Climate Change) inventory estimates. These results suggest a high sensitivity of emissions to climateand that in a warmer and wetter world, it will be more difficult to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions. • Researchers exploring the potential effect of climate change on corn yields in Iowa developed a modelthat predicts that for every 1 degree Celsius increase in average temperature, maize yields will decline by4.6 percent. Significantly, the model suggests that even if maize received all the water it needed, yields willdecline by at least 10 percent by the end of the 21st century. • A climate change adaption manual developed specifically for the management of World Heritage Siteshas been tested with audiences in India and Kenya. It is now available worldwide to guide managers inpredicting climate changes, understanding how protected areas might be affected by those changes, anddeveloping adaptation strategies in anticipation of such strategies. • Two new tree germplasms with superior traits were grafted and established in the arboretum. Both thetrembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and European aspen (Populus tremula) were identified as superiorduring evaluation of progeny trials. • Researchers searching for potential tree species to improve reforestation efforts post-harvestingadded Ponderosa pine to their study as a potential substitute for red pine which may not be able to adaptto a warmer, drier climate in northern Minnesota. • A project exploring whether deforestation is a viable option for mitigating climate change havedeveloped an Agro-IBIS model that they have validated over 30 carbon and energy flux sites in the US andCanada. Further simulations will be done in 2017 that will help address where and how much afforestationcan be effectively maintained to reduce carbon emissions. • Examinations of the contributions of black ash to the total water budget in the lowland black ashforests indicate that ash transpiration accounts for 42-80 percent of the total potential evapotranspiration inthese forests. These results show that large-scale loss of black ash due to Emerald Ash Borer outbreaksor harvesting may prolong periods of flooding in the system. Extension. The Climate Change Initiative is a multi-disciplinary program mobilizing available and relevantExtension expertise from program areas such as forestry, environmental science education, water, crops,horticulture and more. Extension FTEs are not formally aligned with the Climate Change planned programarea. Some outcomes and outputs of education related to climate change are likely described in otherprogram areas. Minnesota is one of the areas of the United States most impacted by climate change. In 2016,Minnesotans experienced the third warmest year in history and the second wettest year. For the first time,Minnesota experienced two mega-rain events (1,000 square miles covered by at least six inches of rain),resulting in widespread flash flooding. The average September to November Minnesota temperaturefinished in a tie for the warmest autumn on record. These weather conditions contributed to more weed



and pest outbreaks because they thrive in warm and wet conditions. To some extent, research attributesavian influenza to climate change. Direct education regarding climate change is done by Extension's climatologist, who provides statewideleadership and expertise on climate change and its impact on agriculture and the environment. He is ahighly-sought speaker and has a standing weekly spot on Minnesota Public Radio's MorningShow. Extension provides leadership for the Minnesota Climatology Work Group in partnership with theState Climatology Office and the Department of Natural Resources Division of Ecological and WaterResources. Its goal is to coordinate efforts that help local and state governments and practitioners knowhow to deal with climate change. Extension also co-hosts the Minnesota Climate Adaptation conference,as reported herein.


Targeted audiences are community leaders and professionals who can make a difference, and who canbenefit from research-based information. Many will be audiences targeted by other program areas, asdescribed in those plans of work. Primarily, audiences are decision makers and leaders responsible forpreparing communities for change, including preparing infrastructures to manage extreme weather. Thisincludes local government jurisdictions, state and local elected officials, producers and environmentalgroups, human health services, FEMA, and Extension educators working in food and nutrition, family andcommunity life issues.


eXtension was not used in this program







240 19548 0 0Actual

20160


Actual:Year:

Patents listed




0 31 31Actual




Output Target

Output #1

● Research projects will be conducted to develop information on climate change effects onnorthern forests.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 3

Output #2

● Research will lead to new plant germplasms with superior or climate adaptive traits.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 2

Output #3

● Researchers will develop new and improved models to measure climate change and its affecton crop yield, plants and forests, greenhouse gases, and/or water quality.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 6





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Research will develop new knowledge and technologies related to climate change. (Measure:number of new crop varieties and genotypes with climate adaptive traits; number of newassessment and management tools developed, including models and measurements;number of new climate relevant databases, monitoring systems and inventories managed orunder development)

1

Educational events that guide public and private interests to make adaptations for climatechange will result in changes in decisions and behavior.2

Research will support the development of intermediate wheatgrass and ensure new futurevarieties meet the needs of Minnesota farmers, the food industry, and the environment(Expressed as the number of intermediate wheat grass varieties currently in advancedtesting).

3



1. Outcome Measures

Research will develop new knowledge and technologies related to climate change. (Measure:number of new crop varieties and genotypes with climate adaptive traits; number of newassessment and management tools developed, including models and measurements; number ofnew climate relevant databases, monitoring systems and inventories managed or underdevelopment)

Outcome #1



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 1


Issue (Who cares and Why)Evidence for organismal response to climate change is growing but we lack basic informationabout how plants adapt to changing climates. Phenology, or the study of plant and animal lifecycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal changes, is one tool scientists can use tounderstand how plants are changing and adapting to our changing climate.

What has been doneOver 13,000 individual records representing more than 650 species of amphibians, reptiles, birds,butterflies, dragonflies, and plants have been digitized and made available on the MinnesotaPhenology Network (MnPN). The oldest observations date back to 1941 providing an excellentsource for comparison.

Numerous trainings have been done to recruit new phenology observers in collaboration withExtension's Master Naturalists program. In addition, new information on phenology is beingdistributed via the Backyard Phenology Project which deploys a silver camper called the ClimateChaser to record stories of changes in Minnesota's climate.

ResultsSince 2013, observers have made 95,460 individual observations. 44,157 were added during the2016-reporting period alone, which represents a 44 percent increase over the previous reportingperiod. These observations have been added to a database managed by the USA-NationalPhenology Network.




KA Code Knowledge Area102 Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships104 Protect Soil from Harmful Effects of Natural Elements123 Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources132 Weather and Climate605 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics

1. Outcome Measures

Educational events that guide public and private interests to make adaptations for climate changewill result in changes in decisions and behavior.

Outcome #2



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 60


Issue (Who cares and Why)Minnesota is one of the areas in the United States most impacted by climate change. Adaptationto climate change is necessary for those in the agriculture industry, communities, water resourcemanagers, human health professionals, emergency management service managers and more.

What has been doneThe Minnesota Climate Adaptation conference was held January 28, 2016. The conference wascalled "Climate Adaptation: Transforming Awareness into Action," and it highlighted outstandingclimate adaptation work. Attendees and presenters included Hatch-funded researchers.

ResultsParticipants identified 60 changes that they would make as a result of information, contacts andideas gleaned from the conference. Most significantly, state officials who attended the conferenceused information to revise the goals and information included in the "climate change" section ofthe State Hazard Mitigation Plan. Other examples included applying adaptation strategies todisaster epidemiology work, installing rain gardens to re-use water from a local draining ditch,



looking into FEMA grants for Flooding/Natural Resource Protection, and exploring work done innearby communities in order to facilitate new collaboration.


KA Code Knowledge Area102 Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships104 Protect Soil from Harmful Effects of Natural Elements123 Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources132 Weather and Climate605 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics

1. Outcome Measures

Research will support the development of intermediate wheatgrass and ensure new future varietiesmeet the needs of Minnesota farmers, the food industry, and the environment (Expressed as thenumber of intermediate wheat grass varieties currently in advanced testing).

Outcome #3


● 1862 Research

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 5


Issue (Who cares and Why)As the first widely available perennial grain crop, intermediate wheatgrass will change agriculturelandscapes by providing multiple ecosystem services including making them more sustainable,especially in the face of climate change. But more work is needed to breed new varieties ofintermediate wheatgrass that will be profitable for farmers and fulfill industry needs.

What has been doneSeveral Forever Green Initiative projects are focused on breeding superior varieties ofintermediate wheatgrass for profitable production in the Midwest. Domestication traits such asseed shattering, threshability, and seed size are all being targeted by these efforts. Early resultshave been made with seed size increasing at a rate of about 5 percent per year. Researchers arealso optimizing the breeding process by using DNA fingerprinting and other genomic tools toshorten this process.



ResultsThe first five variety candidates of intermediate wheatgrass entered statewide yield tests in 2016.General Mills has also teamed up with the Land Institute and the University of Minnesota to helpcommercialize Kernza and provide funding for the Forever Initiative to support furtherdevelopments and research.


KA Code Knowledge Area102 Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships104 Protect Soil from Harmful Effects of Natural Elements605 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics


External factors which affected outcomes● Other (No factors affected outcomes.)

Brief Explanation


Evaluation Results

Extension educators and specialists evaluated the Minnesota Climate Adaptation Conference todetermine whether, and how, information from the conference would be used by participants in theirwork and life settings. In total, participants reported 60 outcomes resulting from information andstories identified at the conference. Several outcomes resulted in system changes at the jurisdictionallevel, including pursuing new grants, changing local policy decisions, and changing sections of theState's Hazard Mitigation Plan.


Several outcomes from the Minnesota Climate Adaptation Conference affected system changes atthe jurisdictional level, including pursuing new grants, changing local policy decisions, and makingchanges in sections of the State Hazard Mitigation Plan. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• Minnesota Legislative and Citizens Commission on Natural Resource (LCCMR) • National Science Foundation





Health and Nutrition




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research


10%701 Nutrient Composition of Food 0%10%703 Nutrition Education and Behavior 70%10%704 Nutrition and Hunger in the Population 0%10%721 Insects and Other Pests Affecting Humans 5%

10%722 Zoonotic Diseases and Parasites AffectingHumans 0%

25%724 Healthy Lifestyle 25%Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 12.2 0.050.40.0





ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

533723

1456880

5527174 0

0

0 672876 0

2446733 0

1247021 0


Extension. In 2016, Health and Nutrition educators and faculty at Extension continued to find innovativeand collaborative ways to reach low-income Minnesotans, with a continued emphasis on education thatleads communities to make changes in policies and systems that make it easier for residents to choosehealthy nutrition and exercise. Major initiatives in 2016 used technology to enhance programming and evaluation. For example, GISmaps are being utilized to better craft and target programming. In several communities, GIS maps revealwhere there are healthy food access gaps so that educators can target action to sites in neighborhoodswhere programming was most needed. And a new EFNEP "app" is being developed to allow educatorsand coordinators to more easily collect 24-hour recall data required by funders. This will make datacollection easier because it leads participants through the assessment in the classroom setting, capturinghigh quality information about dietary intake in participants' preferred language. This technologywill incorporate a database of culturally-specific foods and beverages as well as audio and visual formats. The app is being developed in English first, with future adaptations planned in Spanish, Somali, Hmongand Karen. The team will implement use of this technology in 2017. Increased partnerships with communities and trusted community-based organization continues to result inprolific use of health and nutrition programs, with reported outcomes relating to healthier eating, improvedphysical activity, and structural and policy changes in communities that make it easier for residents to eathealthier and stay active. MAES. Research reported under this program is focused on improving the health and dietary practices ofMinnesotans and the general public. Several projects are focused on uncovering issues affecting healthand nutrition among various specific populations as well as understanding the existing barriers toimproving health and nutrition.Research highlights from 2016 include:

• Researchers have made significant progress developing treatment protocols for bacterial films. Theyhave shown that Cold-Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) jet can dramatically reduce biofilms and ismore effective against biofilms than hydrogen peroxide and numerous antibiotics. In testing, CAP jet notonly affects bactericidal activity but also physically disrupts the biofilm. This is significant since currentantibiotic therapies cannot penetrate biofilms. • Researchers at the University of Minnesota's Wearable Technology Lab are developing cloths thatcan shrink on demand (aka compression garments) that could help people with circulatory problems andcould help treat simple sports injuries.



• Forty patient interviews were conducted to understand similarities and differences in cardiacrehabilitation (CR) experiences among rural and urban Minnesotans. No differences were found in regardsto depression, anxiety, perceived autonomy, or cardiac self-efficacy. However, urban residents showedsignificantly higher heart rate disease knowledge. Rural patients also indicated distance to CR clinics andmental health professionals can be a barrier to utilization. • A study looking at vegetable liking and availability in low-income homes found that home availability ofvegetables and vegetable liking may be less of a constraint on vegetable consumption than previouslythought. • Based on a multi-year study of healthfulness of food distributed by food shelves, researchersdeveloped the Food Assortment Scoring Tool (FAST). This new model shows great promise for use at alllevels of the hunger relief system. • Researchers compared survey data collected from 626 dieticians in 49 states to data collected fromMinnesota dieticians in 2002. They found more dieticians are incorporating environmental issues (includingsustainable agriculture) into practice but similar barriers remain including lack of knowledge, ability, time,and employer support. • Researchers at the flavor institute are now working with a new methodology called positionannihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) for new insights into capsule structure. They hope PALS willassist with creating new encapsulation formations to improve flavor and shelf life in the food and beverageindustry. • A study on how acculturation and environmental factors affect the eating habits of Chinese studentsliving in the US found they are undergoing the process of dietary acculturation. Breakfast and lunch werethe first meals to become more American along with snacks. Additionally, weight gain was common amongthe students (69 percent male, 85 percent female), which could lead higher risks of developing chronicdiseases. The study shows the importance of providing more information regarding health and diet toincoming foreign students at orientation.


Extension. For maximum impact, Extension's health and nutrition team reaches:

• parents and other caregivers of low-income children • situations where more than one organization collaborates to bring SNAP-Ed classes to eligibleaudiences in the community • communities that present opportunities for impacting systems, environments, and policies so SNAP-Ed participants have every opportunity to put into practice what they learn in classes. MAES research target audiences also include:

• Researchers in diet, nutrition, and human health fields. • Health practitioners including dietitians, nurses, and physicians. • Food industries. • The public.


In 2016, Health and Nutrition's Program Director was an eXtension I-Three Issue Corps Member for theMinnesota Food Charter Network. This Network was launched in November of 2015. Also, eXtension linksto UMN's website: bedbugs.umn.edu.









15505 1335974 7936 0Actual

20164


Actual:Year:

Patents listedTherapeutic Compounds: PCT/US2016/019374 - 2/24/2016Composition for Detection and Treatment of Bed Bugs: International Filing - 12/23/15Stitched Stretch Sensor: 15/137,736 - 4/25/16An Umami-Enhanced Food Product and Method of Enhancing the Umami Taste of Food Product:15/088,560 - 4/1/2016Bio-renewable Plasticizers Derived from Vegetable Oil: 9,315,650 - 4/19/2016 (ISSUED)Stitched Stretch Sensor: 9,322,121 - 4/26/16 (ISSUED)




12 51 63Actual


Output Target

Output #1

● Number of workshops/classes or educational presentations taught.

Output Measure


Output #2

● Number of organizations represented in community networks.

Output Measure






O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Program participants will increase human nutrition knowledge. (Target expressed aspercentage of participants who report knowledge change.)1

Professionals, organizations and policymakers will adopt practices, organizational culture andpolicies that promote food literacy, active living and healthy food access. (Target expressedas number of changes made.)

2

An increased number of program participants will use research-based information fromExtension to improve their intake of healthful foods and engagement in physical activity.(Target expressed as a percentage of participants who self-report change.)

3

Research will support families, children and youth understanding of healthy food choices.4

Nutrition researchers and Extension educators will work closely with Native Americanpopulations to share academic knowledge and help establish best practices to improveNative American nutrition (expressed as the number of conferences or other opportunitiespresented to share).

5



1. Outcome Measures

Program participants will increase human nutrition knowledge. (Target expressed as percentage ofparticipants who report knowledge change.)

Outcome #1


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 58


Issue (Who cares and Why)In 2014, 10.4 percent (588,770 Minnesotans) were food insecure, and of these, 59 percent wereeligible for SNAP. In that same year, there were 3.34 million visits to 300 food shelves in thestate. Approximately 15.2 percent of children live in food-insecure households in Minnesota.Almost 4 in 10 students in Minnesota public schools are eligible for free and reduced lunch, anincrease from 2015. Information about how to prepare and enjoy healthy foods on a budgetaddresses the ultimate health outcomes of low-income families.

What has been doneIn Minnesota, Extension's Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program operates only in themetro area. They target immigrant families and Native American communities. Nutrition educatorswork in a diverse array of community sites already trusted by these communities. Nutrition andlifestyle classes are conducted in several languages in group and home visit settings.

ResultsEFNEP coordinators administer behavior checklists and 24-hour dietary recalls at program exit tomeasure improvement. In 2016, this data showed that 79 percent of children and youth improvedtheir ability to choose foods, 49 percent use safe food handling practices more often, 39 percentimproved their physical activity, and 52 percent improved their ability to prepare simple, nutritiousaffordable food. Among adults, 77 percent showed improvement in one or more practice relatedto food management (planning meals, using grocery lists), and 83 percent showed improvementin a nutrition practice (reading nutrition labels, healthy food choices, making breakfast for theirchild).


KA Code Knowledge Area



703 Nutrition Education and Behavior704 Nutrition and Hunger in the Population724 Healthy Lifestyle

1. Outcome Measures

Professionals, organizations and policymakers will adopt practices, organizational culture andpolicies that promote food literacy, active living and healthy food access. (Target expressed asnumber of changes made.)

Outcome #2


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 484


Issue (Who cares and Why)Minnesota ranks among the 10 worst states in the country for access to healthy food.Approximately 30 percent of Minnesotans have limited access to local retail options for healthyfood, and 16 percent live in census-identified food deserts. Groups that are particularly vulnerableinclude those living in rural areas, residents of color, low-income and senior residents. Improvingresidents' consumption of fruits and vegetables requires approaches that influence multiple levelsof policy, system, and environmental factors.

What has been doneExtension supports 60+ food networks as they implement food charter strategies, helping themenhance local and regional food access and address health issues in food systems. By currentestimation, SNAP-Ed staff are involved in, facilitating or leading more than 45 such networksacross the state. The largest such network, Metro Food Access Network, is currently led andsupported by SNAP-Ed educators and Health and Nutrition Extension educators.

ResultsIn all, 484 such changes were made in communities in 2016. Examples of outcomes included:healthier menus at restaurants, residential settings, non-profits, and summer feeding programs;the development of community gardens in neighborhoods, public schools, and non-profit settings;improved access to physical activity in schools and neighborhoods; backpack programs that sendfood home with at-risk kids for weekends; healthier foods in schools; guides to healthy choices atfood shelves and grocery stores, EBT access at the farmers markets, healthy vending machines,



referral systems for nutrition classes, and supportive environments for breastfeeding moms.


KA Code Knowledge Area703 Nutrition Education and Behavior704 Nutrition and Hunger in the Population724 Healthy Lifestyle

1. Outcome Measures

An increased number of program participants will use research-based information from Extension toimprove their intake of healthful foods and engagement in physical activity. (Target expressed as apercentage of participants who self-report change.)

Outcome #3


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 59


Issue (Who cares and Why)SNAP recipients are low-income (165 percent of poverty guidelines) or particularly vulnerable,such as limited income residents who are senior or disabled. SNAP-Ed is a federal programestablished in the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010. In Minnesota, the Department ofHuman Services is the state agency that receives the grant, and the sub-grantees are theMinnesota Chippewa Tribe and the University of Minnesota Extension. In 2014, 232,828 adultsand 162,724 children were eligible for SNAP in Minnesota.

What has been doneSNAP-Ed classes serve a diverse array of participants and address critical needs. An assortmentof 18 programs address various populations through targeted experiential and learning activitiesfocused on eating healthy, being active, changing household routines and preventing heartdisease and diabetes.

ResultsCarefully designed evaluation approaches have collected information about change in 8,866



participants, with demonstrated outcomes in increased fruit and vegetable consumption andincreased physical activity. Adults were found to increase their fruit consumption by .38 servings aday and increase their vegetable intake by .44 servings a day. Adults increased their scores onthe Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire by 26 percent. Teens increased their fruitconsumption by .37 servings a day and increased their vegetable consumption by .22 servings aday. Youth increased their fruit intake by .20 servings a day and vegetable servings by .12servings a day. Youth also played sports .28 times more a day and played outside .25 times morea day.


KA Code Knowledge Area703 Nutrition Education and Behavior704 Nutrition and Hunger in the Population724 Healthy Lifestyle

1. Outcome Measures

Research will support families, children and youth understanding of healthy food choices.

Outcome #4


1. Outcome Measures

Nutrition researchers and Extension educators will work closely with Native American populationsto share academic knowledge and help establish best practices to improve Native Americannutrition (expressed as the number of conferences or other opportunities presented to share).

Outcome #5



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 1




Issue (Who cares and Why)Extreme poverty and the loss of traditional foods have caused many Native Americans to sufferfrom poor or inadequate diets. This has led to increased obesity, diabetes, and other profoundhealth problems on a large scale.

What has been doneImportant work to solve the problems of Indian nutrition is already being done by many tribes,nonprofits, public health experts, researchers, and advocates on a localized basis. But muchmore work remains to be done to raise awareness, spread knowledge, create capacity forchange, and develop additional solutions.

Seeds of Native Health is a multifaceted national campaign to improve Native American nutritionand is supported by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community. The University is a strategicpartner in the campaign and received a one million dollar gift to convene annual conferences onNative American nutrition and food access; create a public, comprehensive repository of bestpractices and national experts in the field; and analyze the obstacles between Western academicresearch and Native American traditional knowledge relating to food and nutrition.

ResultsIn September 2016, 456 participants attended the first Annual Conference of Native AmericanNutrition in Prior Lake, MN. Attendees were about half native and half-non-native and represented33 states, two Canadian provinces, and three other countries. The conference provided anopportunity to share academic and indigenous wisdom in one location and help establish bestpractices to utilize in the future.

Feedback from participants will inform future conferences and influence the ongoing efforts withinthe Seeds of Native Health Campaign.


KA Code Knowledge Area701 Nutrient Composition of Food703 Nutrition Education and Behavior704 Nutrition and Hunger in the Population724 Healthy Lifestyle


External factors which affected outcomes● Other (No external factors affected outcomes.)

Brief Explanation




Evaluation Results

Extension. Because health outcomes are related to healthy food consumption and increasedphysical activity, the health and nutrition team conducts rigorous evaluation to examine changes inhabits that are sustained over time. Community-based efforts to create local environments thatsupport those choices are also assessed. In 2016, evaluations found that adults increased their fruit consumption by .38 servings a day andincrease their vegetable intake by .44 servings a day. Adults increased their scores on the GodinLeisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire by 26 percent. Teens increased their fruit consumption by .37servings a day and increased their vegetable consumption by .22 servings a day. Youth increasedtheir fruit intake by .20 servings a day and vegetable servings by .12 servings a day. Youth alsoplayed sports .28 times more a day and played outside .25 times more a day. Extension efforts also resulted in 484 local changes in policy or resources that made healthier menusavailable, developed community gardens and increased access to physical activity and access tohealthy local foods in public places.


Extension participants were found to increase their fruit consumption by .38 servings a day andincrease their vegetable intake by .44 servings a day. Adults increased their scores on the GodinLeisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire by 26 percent. Teens increased their fruit consumption by .37servings a day and increased their vegetable consumption by .22 servings a day. Youth increasedtheir fruit intake by .20 servings a day and vegetable servings by .12 servings a day. Youth alsoplayed sports .28 times more a day and played outside .25 times more a day. Extension efforts also resulted in 484 local changes that made healthier menus available, developedcommunity gardens and increased access to physical activity and access to healthy local foods inpublic places. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• National Institute of Health • Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center • Mayo Clinic • Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community





Food Safety




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research


20%503 Quality Maintenance in Storing andMarketing Food Products 0%

30%504 Home and Commercial Food Service 100%Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 8.3 0.09.60.0



ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

717299

1859482

635055 0

0

0 206349 0

1535497 0

714102 0

V(D). Planned Program (Activity)



1. Brief description of the Activity

MAES. University researchers are working to create a safe food system for consumers bydeveloping novel technologies to detect foodborne pathogens while partnering with the food industry toprevent food spoilage and recalls.

• Researchers exploring effects of desiccation on survival of Escherichia coli K-12 found that only 0.00lpercent of the original culture sample could form colonies on solid growth medium in the first 12 hours afterrehydration. However, after 36 hours this increased to 15 percent. They determined this increase is due tothe cells ability to divide and form colonies as the number of cells and the density of the culture samplesdid not increase. • A study on how multidrug resistant Salmonella Heidelberg invades cecum, organs, and skeletalmuscles of turkey poults indicated: (1) the ceca showed high colonization potential; (2) the spleen wasmore infected than the liver; and (3) some muscle samples tested positive for S Heidelberg. • A lab scale intense pulsed light (IPL) system has been developed and constructed by U of Mresearchers. The IPL system consists of three components including a powder feeding mechanism,powder transport/fluidization, and light sources. It will be used to increase the safety of powered foods bydisinfecting key pathogens. Early results are promising and work will continue in 2017. • Research on ST398 LA-MRSA, a multidrug resistant infection that affects food animals and retail meatworldwide, revealed the ST398 isolate is resistant to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Bacitracin,Phospomycin, Kanamymin, and Chlorampenicol. But is sensitive to Novobiocin, Rifampicin, andVancomycin. • A study comparing the Automated Milk Leukocyte Differential (MLD) Test and the California MastitisTest (CMT) for detecting intramammary infection in early lactation and late lactation quarters and cowsfound that both tests might have greater utility in late lactation. However, large randomized field studiesare needed to determine impacts on udder health, antibiotic use, and economics. • Researchers successfully developed a mouse model of soy allergy-induced GI inflammation. Afterthree generations of breeding mice on a soy-free diet, mice in the study were challenged with a soy proteinisolate. The isolate appeared to cause an elevation in soluble epoxide hydrolase, which is known to have apro-inflammatory role in inflammation models. Extension Food Safety programs continue to partner with the Minnesota Department of Health andMinnesota Department of Agriculture to create and deliver education that assures compliance with stateregulations, certifying food managers and cottage food producers so that food handling keeps the publicsafe. Extension's food safety program managed two program priorities in 2016. The first was to createcurricula that addresses new and emerging issues. In 2016, these efforts resulted in expanding thedelivery of training that responds to Minnesota's Cottage Food Legislation passed in 2015. (See impacts.)The second is to increase access to educational resources by moving all certified food manager renewalcourses online. Moving more content to its website has resulted in an 89 percent increase in web-uniquepage views since 2014.


Research supports the food development industry and food processing industry. Extension's directaudiences are food service workers, the National Restaurant Association, food handlers in communitylocations, fishermen and farmers. Underserved audiences are reached through the organizations theytrust. 3. How was eXtension used?










5932 1049884 0 0Actual

20161


Actual:Year:

Patents listedDetection Assays and Methods: 15/055,217; PCT/US2016/019772 - 2/26/2016




0 9 9Actual


Output Target

Output #1

● Number of workshops or other educational events conducted.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 52





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Research will increase number of viable technologies to improve food safety.1

Research will increase understanding of threats to food safety from microbial and chemicalsources.2

Participants of Food Safety program classes will achieve significant learning gains regardingresearch-based food safety knowledge and skills. (Measure is the percentage of participantswho achieved significant learning gains.)

3

Participants of Food Safety program classes will significantly improve their food safetypractices as a result of attending the program. (Measure is the percentage of participants thatsignificantly changed one or more of their food safety practices as a result of attendingclasses intended to improve food safety practices.)

4

Cottage food producers are registered with the State of Minnesota after Extension training.(Outcome is the number of producers registered.)5



1. Outcome Measures

Research will increase number of viable technologies to improve food safety.

Outcome #1


● 1862 Research

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 1


Issue (Who cares and Why)According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), each year roughly 1 in 6Americans get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases. Simple andrapid microbial food spoilage diagnostic tools are needed to not only protect public health but alsoassist the food industry.

What has been doneU of M researchers scrutinized conventional diagnostic tools and concluded new tools needed tobe not only rapid, but also sensitive, specific, and cost-effective for the industry to adopt them.

Colorimetric tests met these requirements: they are very sensitive, eliciting accurate results in ashort period, and they don't require the purchasing of expensive equipment. Researchers thendeveloped naked-eye bioassays for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens that are fairly simpleto perform and indicate the presence of bacteria, fungi, and/or molds.

ResultsOne new technology is able to detect for bacteria and fungi in yogurt in less than an hour, otherfoods take as little as five minutes. In the food safety and food quality arena, these systems notonly solve problems but also change the game, eliminating the lag between administering a testand obtaining results.

Industry partners are already taken notice with both General Mills and Schwan providing industryinsights and funding for research. A start up company is in development to commercialize the newtechnologies and assist in getting them out to industry partners.




KA Code Knowledge Area501 New and Improved Food Processing Technologies503 Quality Maintenance in Storing and Marketing Food Products504 Home and Commercial Food Service

1. Outcome Measures

Research will increase understanding of threats to food safety from microbial and chemicalsources.

Outcome #2



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 0


Issue (Who cares and Why)The desire for locally grown and sustainable food sources continues in Minnesota. But more workis needed to integrate risk-based research and outreach to improve the safety of food from farmto fork.

What has been doneU of M food safety researchers partnered with Extension's Regional Sustainable DevelopmentPartnerships and a local sustainable food and agricultural non-profit to research and validate aninnovative permaculture chicken production system that is accessible to low-income andbeginning farmers.

Specifically, they were studying the food safety risks of using chicken manure for field fertilizer inan alternative poultry production system.

ResultsMicrobial testing was conducted on spinach and cantaloupe grown in fields fertilized the prior yearwith organic chicken manure. The tests revealed coliforms, Salmonella, and Listeria spp. werepresent on both produce items.

From these results researchers have recommended chemical or heat treatment of organic



manure when using in such practices.


KA Code Knowledge Area501 New and Improved Food Processing Technologies503 Quality Maintenance in Storing and Marketing Food Products

1. Outcome Measures

Participants of Food Safety program classes will achieve significant learning gains regardingresearch-based food safety knowledge and skills. (Measure is the percentage of participants whoachieved significant learning gains.)

Outcome #3


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 94


Issue (Who cares and Why)Thousands of Minnesotans eat at events where food is prepared and served by volunteers fromfacilities that are not inspected by the Minnesota Department of Health or the MinnesotaDepartment of Agriculture. These meals might be served at churches, school fund raisers,community halls, and food stands at community festivals and fairs.

What has been doneCooking Safely for a Crowd is food safety training for anyone who volunteers to plan, prepare,serve or handle food at large group events.

ResultsIn the Cooking Safely for a Crowd course, over 94 percent of participants who responded madepositive gains from the pre-program to post-program in terms of knowledge and behavior. Theyindicated that they would change actions related to personal hygiene, safe food handling,cleaning and sanitizing, and educating others.




KA Code Knowledge Area503 Quality Maintenance in Storing and Marketing Food Products504 Home and Commercial Food Service

1. Outcome Measures

Participants of Food Safety program classes will significantly improve their food safety practices asa result of attending the program. (Measure is the percentage of participants that significantlychanged one or more of their food safety practices as a result of attending classes intended toimprove food safety practices.)

Outcome #4


1. Outcome Measures

Cottage food producers are registered with the State of Minnesota after Extension training.(Outcome is the number of producers registered.)

Outcome #5


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 1800


Issue (Who cares and Why)Small producers in the cottage food industry enrich and diversify local economies by finding nichemarkets for homemade foods. The Minnesota 2015 Cottage Food Exemption supports theseentrepreneurs by allowing Minnesota residents to manufacture and store particular foods in anunlicensed kitchen. Foods can be sold from home, farmer's markets, farm stands or at communityevents without formal licensing by the State of Minnesota.

What has been doneIn 2016, Extension developed curriculum and activities for a three-hour advanced course.Registration with the Minnesota Department of Agriculture is required after completing cottagefood safety training. Extension consulted on the Department of Agriculture's basic training andexclusively provides advanced training. Extension is the only program authorized by the



Department of Agriculture to offer training. Ten sessions in seven locations educated 98 cottagefood producers. Producers with sales under $5,000 took advantage of an online course.

ResultsBefore the educational efforts, the Department of Agriculture had less than 100 registered cottagefood producers. Now there are over 1,800 Minnesota cottage food producers registered with thestate. Some of the ways that producers indicated they would improve the safety of their cottagefood products was better sanitizing practices, implementing pH testing, and ensuring they areproducing items that follow guidelines.


KA Code Knowledge Area503 Quality Maintenance in Storing and Marketing Food Products504 Home and Commercial Food Service


External factors which affected outcomes● Government Regulations

● Other (learning technology adoption)

Brief Explanation

Collaboration with the State of Minnesota changes the audience and programming offered byExtension when educational programming can support state legislation. In 2016, state legislationchanged program outcomes by supporting the training and registration of the cottage food industry. Indirect outreach and contacts were enhanced in 2016 due to delivery of content online.


Evaluation Results

Extension routinely evaluates its face-to-face and online educational delivery by monitoring testscores that support certification of food service professionals. In 2016, 248 ServSafe exams weregiven by University of Minnesota Extension to first time class members, retest participants, TAPonline certification course participants and individuals who took the course from another provider butneeded to find their own exam site and proctor. Seventy percent (173) of these exams had a passingscore.


Extension is a key partner to the State of Minnesota in training and certifying food serviceprofessionals. In 2016, this included an expanded effort to support the cottage food industry. Beforethe educational efforts, the Department of Agriculture had less than 100 registered cottage foodproducers, and now there are over 1,800 Minnesota cottage food producers registered with the state. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:



• MnDRIVE • USDA-AFRI • General Mills • Schwan Food Company • National Science Foundation • Midwest Dairy Association





Water Resources




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

20%111 Conservation and Efficient Use of Water 20%10%112 Watershed Protection and Management 20%20%133 Pollution Prevention and Mitigation 20%20%135 Aquatic and Terrestrial Wildlife 20%20%403 Waste Disposal, Recycling, and Reuse 20%


Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 7.5 0.018.20.0



ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

747195

1935345

600161 0

0

0 391261 0

1999688 0

3110051 0




MAES and Extension. Minnesota has a total water surface area of around 13 million acres, and has morewetland acres than any state except Alaska. Minnesota's history is closely tied to its bodies of water andtheir clearness but today more than 40 percent of Minnesota's lakes, rivers and other water bodies areconsidered polluted or impaired. Additionally, our waters are facing new threats in the form of aquaticinvasive species, changes in land-use, and climate change. Managing these resources presents a host of concerns that require a cross-disciplinary focus, and bringingeducation to the spectrum of situations in Minnesota communities. The University's Water ResourcesCenter, a partnership between Extension and the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural ResourceSciences, deploys educators and specialists across Extension's centers to focus on a number ofopportunities to keep water healthy, safe, clean and abundant in Minnesota. These efforts:

• provide education to local elected and appointed decision makers who have a role in addressing therelationship between land use and natural resource protection (See outcome.) • partner with turf grass experts and Golf Course Managers to effectively manage turf for parks,recreation and sports (See outcome.) • research and educate residents who can reduce water use in home landscapes, which accounts fornearly one-third of residential water use. • monitor and prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species. • work with agricultural producers to maximize return on fertilizer investments while minimizing thespread of nitrogen into water supplies (See Global Foods outcome). • responding to climate changes (See Climate Change). • trains conservation professionals and volunteers in civic engagement processes that engagecommunities in protection of water supplies (See Community Vitality). MAES. In August 2016, Governor Dayton kicked off a "Year of Water Action" in Minnesota, urgingbusinesses, the agricultural industry, outdoor enthusiasts, communities and families to take action toconserve and improve water quality. The importance of protecting Minnesota's water for future generationsis the driving force behind research efforts related to water resources. Research highlights for 2016 include:

• Researchers designed and tested a new, portable soil nutrient sampling device that will providefarmers and ag. engineers with accurate, realtime nitrate-nitrogen information. • Researchers exploring how tree harvesting affects nearby stream quality have set up measurementsin a Northern MN stream for stream water level, electrical conductivity, temperature, and turbidity.Measurements will be recorded every five minutes in addition to seasonal analysis of water quality. Datawill be collected for the next 1.5 years, which will encompass before, during, and just after a nearby timberharvest. • An additional 8,744 specimens and 26 species were added to the collection of Trichoptera at theUniversity of Minnesota Insect Collection. In all the collection houses 631,943 specimens representing2,691 species, making it one of the most important collections of Trichoptera in the world. • The Sand Plain Research Station did a study on the effectiveness of two blends of struvite product(Crystal Green, Ostara) with MAP as a source of phosphorous in potato fields. Results showed the use ofblends of MAP and Crystal Green provides neither advantages nor disadvantages compared to 100percent MAP. They concluded that because the cost of Crystal Green as a P source is higher than MAPalone, it is unlikely if a market for Crystal Green for potato production will develop without a subsidy beingprovided.



• A research project exploring the fate of mercury following forest fires found no noticeable increase inmercury in lake waters or in perch following forest fires of moderate severity. • Researchers working on control and management techniques for common carp in Minnesota's lakessuccessfully attracted the fish to areas of the lake using both sex pheromones and food. This allowed themto quantify abundance and could assist with carp removal in the future. • A new factsheet was released summarizing research, applications to management, and the newMinnesota buffer rule. • Strategies for reducing excess imports and/or increasing exports of phosphorous were developed intonine case studies that were published on the Extension Manure Management and Air Quality website. • U of M designed computer software that helps determine the length of filter strip required to controlstormwater runoff from a parking lot or paved roadway is being used by municipalities and highwaydepartments as they assess, design, and plan systems that use the infiltration capacity of the soil toreduce and control stormwater. • Two economic studies on the importance of water as a constraining resource for agriculturalproduction in Morocco and Kazakhstan were provided to the United Nations Environmental Program(UNEP) and presented at workshops organized by UNEP. An independent review said they were one ofthe most successful undertakings funded by UNEP.


Water Resource Programs are available to communities and industries across the entire state.Local government engineers and planners, consulting engineers and architects are targeted as they helpcommunities make decisions that impact Minnesota's waters. Natural resource andhorticulture professionals are engaged as partners, learners and agents of change. Homeowners andcommunity members are another key audience because their use of water and management of waste canpositively and negatively affect water supply.3. How was eXtension used?

Minnesota Extension educators developed a Stormwater Practices and Maintenance curriculum that isdelivered through eXtension.V(E). Planned Program (Outputs)






10115 90187 380 0Actual

20165


Actual:Year:



Patents listedSelenium Nanomaterials and Methods of Making and Using Same: PCT/US2016/056850 - 10/13/2016Soil Sampling and Testing Apparatus and Method: 62/335,286 - 5/12/2016Methods of Coating Microorganisms with Nanoparticles and Methods of Use Thereof and Compositions:62/287,894 - 1/27/2016Lateral Flow Assay Device and Methods of Using: 62/287,892 - 1/27/2016Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Wastes: 9,475,698 - 10/25/20163. Publications (Standard General Output Measure)



7 31 38Actual


Output Target

Output #1

● Number of products developed to provide useful information about shoreland, storm water andseptic system management in web links, printed products and media.

Output Measure

Not reporting on this Output for this Annual ReportOutput #2

● Number of educational events conducted about water quality, stormwater issues and shorelandmanagement, revegetation and use of plants to maintain shoreland structures.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 129





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Community decision-makers, leaders and professionals will increase their knowledge relatedto approaches to water planning, water conservation and water quality improvement.(Outcome expressed as a percentage of participants.)

1

Using knowledge gained from research and water resources education programming,community groups will create and/or implement existing local plans to protect and improvewater quality and/or conserve water resources. (Outcome is the number of plans developedor revised in part due to programming.)

2

Water resource professionals will apply skills and resources learned while participating inprograms to address specific water management responsibilities and to achieve watermanagement goals. (The outcome is a percentage of professionals who said they areapplying skills.)

3

A collaboration between research, Extension and the Minnesota Golf CourseSuperintendents Association has resulted in reduced water use. (Outcome is the percentageof reduced water use reported by golf course superintendents.)

4

Research on the best ways to restore Minnesota's waters will inform agency engagementplans and training materials (expressed as the number of workshops or training materialsincorporating research findings).

5

Researchers will develop state-of-the-art tools to lower mercury levels in water safely andeffectively (expressed as the number of new tools developed).6

Research will uncover new information to assist with controlling aquatic invasive species thatare negatively affecting Minnesota's lakes, rivers and streams.7



1. Outcome Measures

Community decision-makers, leaders and professionals will increase their knowledge related toapproaches to water planning, water conservation and water quality improvement. (Outcomeexpressed as a percentage of participants.)

Outcome #1


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 83


Issue (Who cares and Why)Nonpoint source pollution, or polluted runoff, is the number one water quality problem in theUnited States. Because water quality is a reflection of land use in a watershed, and because landuse is determined and managed at the local level, local land use officials need information todetermine the appropriate steps they can take to protect the water supply in their watersheds.

What has been doneNonpoint Education for Municipal Officials is a nationally recognized educational program forelected and appointed officials who have a role in addressing the relationship between land useand natural resource protection. In 2016, three "workshops on the water" were held for 145elected and appointed officials and community leaders, including city council members andwatershed board and advisory committee members. The interactive, hands-on shipboardworkshops took place on the lakes, rivers and streams they manage.

ResultsOf the leaders participating, 83 percent said they were preparing to take action. Some of the topactions identified included: intent to work toward adoption of Minimal Impact Design Standards incommunities; preparing to educate the community on the benefits of redirecting downspouts,sump pumps and other potential runoff away from slopes and ravines; and work to identify highrisk erosion areas in the community and enforce policies to protect them.


KA Code Knowledge Area111 Conservation and Efficient Use of Water112 Watershed Protection and Management



133 Pollution Prevention and Mitigation403 Waste Disposal, Recycling, and Reuse

1. Outcome Measures

Using knowledge gained from research and water resources education programming, communitygroups will create and/or implement existing local plans to protect and improve water quality and/orconserve water resources. (Outcome is the number of plans developed or revised in part due toprogramming.)

Outcome #2


1. Outcome Measures

Water resource professionals will apply skills and resources learned while participating in programsto address specific water management responsibilities and to achieve water management goals.(The outcome is a percentage of professionals who said they are applying skills.)

Outcome #3


1. Outcome Measures

A collaboration between research, Extension and the Minnesota Golf Course SuperintendentsAssociation has resulted in reduced water use. (Outcome is the percentage of reduced water usereported by golf course superintendents.)

Outcome #4



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 22


Issue (Who cares and Why)



Golf is a $2.3 billion industry in Minnesota. Providing a good experience for golfers requires aplayable and appealing landscape, but enhanced stewardship of water resources is important tothe public's perception of the sport and the golfing industry. Industry leaders are voluntarilyseeking help from the University of Minnesota to become good environmental stewards.

What has been doneIn a collaboration between Extension, Hatch-funded Agricultural Experiment Station, andMinnesota's Golf Course Superintendents Association, superintendents are receivingenvironmental education on the basics of assessing site water use, auditing irrigation, technologyoptions, drought-tolerant turf, and more. The collaboration also played a role in supporting theHazeltine Golf Course in preparation for the Ryder Cup in 2016.

ResultsResearch-informed changes in turf management have resulted in a 22 percent reduction in wateruse by Minnesota golf courses in recent years. The executive director of the Association reflectsthe attitude shift of the industry: "We think of a local golf course as a community's largest raingarden."


KA Code Knowledge Area111 Conservation and Efficient Use of Water

1. Outcome Measures

Research on the best ways to restore Minnesota's waters will inform agency engagement plans andtraining materials (expressed as the number of workshops or training materials incorporatingresearch findings).

Outcome #5



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 4


Issue (Who cares and Why)Science makes it clear that the greatest factor affecting water resources is what people do on theland. In order to mobilize Minnesotans to take voluntary actions to protect and restore



Minnesota's waters, we need to better understand and address the drivers of positive actions aswell as the barriers and constraints that exist.

What has been doneIn 2008, the Minnesota Legislature committed to supporting improvements in Minnesota's waterquality through the Clean Water Fund. University researchers and Extension educators havebeen key partners in this effort including tracking how well education, outreach, and civicengagement strategies are working.

Researchers developed a new social monitoring system that has been piloted and adopted byseveral state agencies in Minnesota and Wisconsin. The Social Measures Monitoring System(SMMS) is a scientific approach that provides a common set of social outcome statements thatcan be used by each state agency thus creating a common starting point for consistency.

ResultsEnd users have applied SMMS findings to redesign community engagement strategies in naturalresource plans, better implement community engagement in natural resource programming, anddesign new training materials and programs for natural resource agency staff and otherprofessionals.

In one example, in a statewide survey staff at Minnesota's Soil and Water Conservation Districts(SWCD) identified the need to "grow" more local ability to address ground water issues and spendmore money and time on local outreach efforts. The survey results were used to tailor the contentof four groundwater workshops for SWCD in greater Minnesota.


KA Code Knowledge Area111 Conservation and Efficient Use of Water112 Watershed Protection and Management133 Pollution Prevention and Mitigation605 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics

1. Outcome Measures

Researchers will develop state-of-the-art tools to lower mercury levels in water safely andeffectively (expressed as the number of new tools developed).

Outcome #6


● 1862 Research

3a. Outcome Type:





Year Actual

2016 1


Issue (Who cares and Why)Despite decades of effort to reduce mercury contamination in water sources low levels of mercuryare still being released into the environment causing a threat to public health and harming aquaticlife. In northern Minnesota alone, 10 percent of newborns tested positive for mercuryconcentration above EPA recommendations highlighting the need to reduce mercury exposuresof some pregnant women in the state.

What has been doneBuilding on the work of previous research with nanoparticles, U of M researchers used a store-bought, memory foam sponge and coated it with a nano-layer of selenium. The resulting spongecan remove over 99.9 percent of mercury from lakes, rivers, storm water ponds, wetlands, andwastewater within seconds.

ResultsThe efficiency of the sponge was demonstrated by removing mercury to undetectable levels fromtap, lake, and industrial water, regardless of pH conditions. Additionally, it meets all EPAstandards for nonhazardous waste disposal by permanently binding the mercury into biologicallyinert, non-toxic complexes.

The demonstrated removal capacity will open up new opportunities to clean rain, surface andgroundwater, and reduce mercury cycling at multiple stages. Both a US and international patentare currently pending.


KA Code Knowledge Area112 Watershed Protection and Management133 Pollution Prevention and Mitigation

1. Outcome Measures

Research will uncover new information to assist with controlling aquatic invasive species that arenegatively affecting Minnesota's lakes, rivers and streams.

Outcome #7





3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 0


Issue (Who cares and Why)Invasive aquatic plants are difficult to control and restoring native habitats after controlling aninvasive pest is even more difficult. More information is needed to develop effective control and,ultimately, restoration efforts.

What has been doneResearchers at the University's Aquatic Invasive Species Center setout to discover the status ofhybrid watermilfoil--a cross between the invasive Eurasian watermilfoil and Minnesota's nativenorthern watermilfoil--in Lake Minnetonka and how it is or is not affected by herbicide applicationsbeing used to control Eurasian watermilfoil.

ResultsUsing cutting edge genetic screening techniques, researchers discovered that hydrid watermilfoilis actually denser in areas treated with herbicides. This finding highlights the need to customizemanagement techniques for invasive species to the plants' specific genetic makeup. And in thecase of watermilfoil, the study also revealed the species is more genetically diverse thanpreviously thought.

This pilot study has already led to plans for a larger study and will inform Extension outreachregarding management techniques for controlling watermilfoil in Minnesota's waters.


KA Code Knowledge Area112 Watershed Protection and Management135 Aquatic and Terrestrial Wildlife





Brief Explanation


Evaluation Results

Citizen action is a key objective for Extension's Water Resources team. Evaluation processesmonitor whether the education and certification programs (e.g., for golf course superintendence ormunicipal officials) have provided enough information to guide local actions that are most importantto their specific community, industry, or watershed. Post-program evaluations and assessments have determined that leaders are ready to act afterengaging with Extension in education about water conservation. Municipal officers are ready tocoordinate with local partners, to identify dangers to water quality, or to adopt community-widestandards. In the case of an in-depth partnership with the Minnesota Golf SuperintendentsAssociation, selected actions resulted in a 22 percent decrease in water use on Minnesota's golfcourses.


Post-program evaluations and assessments have determined that leaders are ready to act afterengaging with Extension in education about water conservation. Municipal officers are ready tocoordinate with local partners, to identify dangers to water quality, or to adopt community-widestandards. In the case of an in-depth partnership with the Minnesota Golf Superintendents'Association, selected actions resulted in a 22 percent decrease in water use on Minnesota's golfcourses. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• Minnesota Environmental and Natural Resources Trust Fund (MAISRC) • USGA - State Water Resources Research Institute • EPA 319 Program - MN Pollution Control Agency • McKnight Foundation • Minnesota Legacy Funds - Clean Water Fund • UMN Water Resources Center • Minnesota Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Pest Center (State Funded) • Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR)





Community Vitality and Public Finance




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

40%608 Community Resource Planning andDevelopment 50%

20%611 Foreign Policy and Programs 0%

30%803Sociological and Technological ChangeAffecting Individuals, Families, andCommunities

50%

10%804Human Environmental Issues ConcerningApparel, Textiles, and Residential andCommercial Structures

0%

Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 31.5 0.04.40.0





ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

919089

2948097

762515 0

0

0 158660 0

1280879 0

504659 0


Extension. Community Vitality programs at Extension deliver educational opportunities and appliedresearch that help communities choose their future. Education informs local decisions, improves theprocesses civic leaders use when they make decisions, enhance the skills, ability and confidence of thepeople who lead and decide and increase the number of people who step up to lead and decide. In 2016, Community Vitality educators and specialists managed 34 community cohorts that grewleadership or conducted community-driven research. The team delivered 165 applied research reports thatinformed local decisions, including examinations of retail trade strengths and opportunities, tourismdevelopment options, and business retention and expansion options. The most popular applied researchreports examined local demographic trends, with attention to which age cohorts are moving in and out ofrural counties throughout the United States. This "brain gain" research is helping communities considerways to attract and retain their future workforce. Reported outcomes in 2016 demonstrate that Community Vitality programs are addressing the leadershipgap in rural communities by encouraging and educating leaders in long-term educational programming.Outcomes indicate that these leaders are more confidently and competently leading citizens to makedecisions. Research is being applied directly to choices made in community planning, and once plans areimplemented, communities see a direct impact on community capitals that can be leveraged to supportcommunity vitality. MAES. There are only a few research projects tracked to this planned program. Predominantly, theseinclude projects related to the effect of SNAP, providing new training and guidance to social workers andmental health professionals and developing new wearable technologies for first responders.Research highlights for 2016 include:

• For a project looking at how mental health professionals in MN screen refugees, researchers providedtraining and evaluation for key staff at four refugee health screening clinics. In addition, a laminated pocketguide reference tool was distributed to all screening clinics in the state. • In 2016, over 50 mental health professionals in Minnesota received training in Narrative ExposureTherapy, an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Annual training opportunities willcontinue. • In fall 2016, an evidence-based parenting intervention was adapted and piloted with Karen refugeecaretakers in St. Paul, MN. Results from this pilot study are forthcoming. • University of Minnesota textile design researchers developed a technique to measure the contact



between a garment and the body during movement. This method can evaluate garments that require skincontact like body sensors and liquid cooling garments.2. Brief description of the target audience

Community Vitality and Public Finance programs reach out to local government agencies, employees,community leaders, nonprofit organizations through their collaborative associations, foundations and theirgrantees, the natural resources sector, the agricultural and tourism sectors, public health organizations,Chambers of Commerce, Economic Development Associations and thousands of alumni of leadershipcohort programs from previous years. In 2016, community vitality programs were delivered in the following types of communities:

• City and county leaders and emerging leaders (18 of 34 cohorts) • Regional waterways and soil and water conservation districts (8) • State industry leaders and civic leaders (e.g., economic development, agriculture) (4) • Extension state and national volunteers and staff (2) • Regional leaders and emerging leaders (2)


Community Vitality educators and specialists participated in learning exchanges with other Extensionprofessionals via eXtension, served on Communities of Practice, posted on the eXtension blog, followeddiscussion groups, and joined forward-looking networks of Extension professionals.







14810 130198 0 0Actual

20160


Actual:Year:

Patents listed




5 14 19Actual




Output Target

Output #1

● Number of community cohort groups convened to develop leadership skills, create civicconnections, or strengthen the local economy.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 34

Output #2

● Number of workshops and other structured gatherings that provided communities with increasedskills, knowledge and behaviors related to community leadership, civic engagement, economicdevelopment or tourism.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 381

Output #3

● Number of community-based applied research studies regarding (for example) retail trade,business retention and expansion, economic impact, tourism development or social capital.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 165





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Community leadership education cohort members will increase the intensity of theirleadership. (Target expressed as percentage of evaluated participants who increase theirinvolvement in at least one of their organizational roles.)

1

Structured community gatherings led by program alumni are more productive. (Targetexpressed as percentage of program alumni who report in follow-up surveys that the programhelped make public meetings, planning sessions, or committees more effective.)

2

Participants in programs will apply research and education to projects that strengthen thesocial, civic, economic, or technological capacity of their communities. (Target expressed aspercentage of participants who report in follow up surveys that they implemented action stepsthey committed to at the end of the program.)

3

Communities engaged in programming will implement plans, policies, or strategies usingresearch and education provided by Extension. (Target expressed as number of plansattributed, at least in part, to programming in end of year survey.)

4

Communities engaged in community programming will report positive effects on the capitalsthat are essential to the vitality of communities, including human, social, civic, financial, built,health, cultural, and natural. (Target expressed as the average number of effects identified bycommunities during evaluation sessions.)

5



1. Outcome Measures

Community leadership education cohort members will increase the intensity of their leadership.(Target expressed as percentage of evaluated participants who increase their involvement in atleast one of their organizational roles.)

Outcome #1


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 74


Issue (Who cares and Why)Extension Research fellow Ben Winchester has sought to understand the demand for leadershipin each Greater Minnesota county. He considered the number of board and elected positionsneeded by government, civic and nonprofit entities in Greater Minnesota and estimates that onein every 34 rural Minnesotans must serve in a leadership position. In comparison, one in every143 urban resident must serve. According to the Blandin Foundation's Rural Pulse Survey, 26percent of rural Minnesotans who hadn't served in a leadership role hadn't been asked to serve.

What has been doneLeadership and civic engagement programs at the University of Minnesota Extension offerorganizations, sectors and local groups the opportunity to sponsor leadership educationprograms. Through these Extension-led programs, sponsors actively encourage new people toserve or to commit more to leadership in their communities and organizations. In 2016, 23 of theCenter's 34 cohort programs focused on growing leadership and civic engagement.

ResultsDuring 2016, leadership role change data were collected from 178 participants in eight leadershipcohort programs. Of the participants, 73.6 percent (131 of 178) increased their level ofinvolvement in at least one of their organizational roles (either a new role, an increase from"inactive" to "active" or "leader" roles or an increase from "active" to "leader" roles). Of interest toNIFA may be that the strongest outcome was achieved in the North Central Extension LeadershipDevelopment program (NELD), which engaged 33 Extension professionals in the North Centralregion. Of these, 88 percent stepped up their leadership in at least one role.




KA Code Knowledge Area608 Community Resource Planning and Development

803 Sociological and Technological Change Affecting Individuals, Families, andCommunities

1. Outcome Measures

Structured community gatherings led by program alumni are more productive. (Target expressed aspercentage of program alumni who report in follow-up surveys that the program helped make publicmeetings, planning sessions, or committees more effective.)

Outcome #2


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 87


Issue (Who cares and Why)Before a community event is a success or an economic development strategy is implemented,community meetings take place. That makes leading productive and civil community meetingscritical to community vitality. It is not practical or affordable for communities to hire professionalfacilitators for every meeting, which means that knowledge of effective meeting facilitation andcivic engagement processes is critical to making communities work.

What has been doneExtension leadership and civic engagement educators make teaching skilled facilitation a priorityas they educate civic leaders. The goal is to help emerging and existing leaders understand thatgood meetings are critical to success, to pass along practical tools for success, and to makeskilled facilitation a habit among community leaders.

ResultsAlumni of leadership programs (n = 130 responses) reported that as a result of their participationin a leadership cohort program, they had made meetings, planning sessions or committees moreproductive. A full 100 percent said at least "to a slight extent." The majority (86.9 percent)reported that the cohort program helped them to a moderate or great extent.





1. Outcome Measures

Participants in programs will apply research and education to projects that strengthen the social,civic, economic, or technological capacity of their communities. (Target expressed as percentage ofparticipants who report in follow up surveys that they implemented action steps they committed to atthe end of the program.)

Outcome #3


1. Outcome Measures

Communities engaged in programming will implement plans, policies, or strategies using researchand education provided by Extension. (Target expressed as number of plans attributed, at least inpart, to programming in end of year survey.)

Outcome #4


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 12


Issue (Who cares and Why)Economic development decisions, especially in rural areas without resources for consultation orprofessional staff, may be based on assumptions, fears and antiquated information. Thedynamics of local economies can be explained through applied economic research so thatcommunity leaders act on solid information as they invest in the local economy.

What has been doneThe community economics team uses demonstrated research methods to analyze localeconomies and inform local decisions. Examples of applied research offered include: 1)demographic analysis of resident recruitment and retention 2) IMPLAN economic impact analysis3) business retention and expansion strategy community studies 4) studies of retail strengths andopportunities (pull factor, location quotient, etc.) and 5) tourism development assessments. In



2016, Extension delivered 165 applied research to community groups to guide decisions.

ResultsEvaluators conducted end-of-year interviews with key informants in communities that participatedin Community Economics programming during 2016. Among communities contacted, 12community plans, policies, or strategies were implemented as a result of contributions fromExtension's applied research reports. Examples include: matching job applicants to local jobs,completed comprehensive plans, implemented tourism development opportunities, implementedcommunity marketing plans, a restructured Chamber and an Economic Development Corporation,and an issued new tax abatement policy.




804 Human Environmental Issues Concerning Apparel, Textiles, and Residential andCommercial Structures

1. Outcome Measures

Communities engaged in community programming will report positive effects on the capitals thatare essential to the vitality of communities, including human, social, civic, financial, built, health,cultural, and natural. (Target expressed as the average number of effects identified by communitiesduring evaluation sessions.)

Outcome #5


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 69


Issue (Who cares and Why)Community capitals can be leveraged to increase the vitality of communities. As described byFlora and Flora, community capitals include social capital, human capital, civic and politicalcapital, built capital, financial capital, cultural capital, health and natural environment. Communitydevelopment programs are in a position to create connections and grow community capitals as



community groups learn and work together, make decisions about their future and invest incommunity projects.

What has been doneExtension educators and specialists engaged cohorts in business retention and expansion andleadership education program in order to help individuals and groups identify assets and makecontributions that grow the amount of community capital available in communities.

ResultsRipple Effect Mapping sessions were conducted for four program offerings during 2016. A total of275 effects were reported for these four program offerings. This is an average of 69 per program.The type of capital most consistently reported for leadership programs were human capital(knowledge and behavior), social capital and civic effects. The most frequently reported affects forcommunity economics programs were human capital, financial effects, built capital, social andcivic capital.




804 Human Environmental Issues Concerning Apparel, Textiles, and Residential andCommercial Structures


External factors which affected outcomes● Other (No external factors affected outcomes. )

Brief Explanation


Evaluation Results

To evaluate the impacts of community vitality programming, Extension routinely surveys andinterviews individuals and community stakeholders after engagement in the program. For example,Extension surveyed 223 leadership program alumni at the end of 2016 and received responsesfrom 58.3 percent of former participants, indicating enthusiastic support for Extension andengagement in programs. These surveys help Extension understand the extent to which programdeliverables are informing local action, result in the implementation of community plans or grow localleadership. To categorize the types of effects community vitality programs create, Extension draws fromcommunity capitals research (Flora, et. al., 2008). Ripple Effect Mapping sessions are conductedwith cohorts after program participation, where they reflect on the chain of effects that occurred as aresult of Extension programs. Though Extension programs may



not be the sole cause of reported outcomes, participants in these sessions were challenged to onlyname outcomes that would not have happened but for the involvement of Extension. In 2016, evaluations demonstrated that 74 percent of participants in leadership and civic engagementcohort groups stepped up their leadership in at least one role, 87 percent reported that leadershipand civic engagement programs had helped them make community meetings more productive, and12 community initiatives were implemented particularly to address applied research findings. Inripple effect mapping sessions, a total of 275 effects were reported for just four completed cohortprograms, an average of 69 per community. Extension conducted 34 such cohort programs in 2016.


Extension. In 2016, Extension's evaluations demonstrated that 74 percent of participants inleadership and civic engagement cohort groups stepped up their leadership in at least one role: 87percent reported that leadership and civic engagement programs had helped them make communitymeetings more productive, and 12 community initiatives were implemented particularly to addressapplied research findings. In ripple effect mapping sessions, a total of 275 effects were reported forjust four completed cohort programs. Extension conducted 34 such cohort programs in 2016. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:• Minnesota Extension Block Grant





Building Healthy, Strong Families




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

40%801 Individual and Family ResourceManagement 40%

50%802 Human Development and Family Well-Being 40%

10%806 Youth Development 20%Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 22.5 0.08.50.0



ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

902329

2154304

5659233 0

0

0 106566 0

702052 0

0 0





MAES. 2016 research on building strong, healthy families continued to concentrate on severalminorities and under-served populations in our state including the elderly and military families. Severalresearch projects are exploring how new technologies affect parenting and youth development.Research highlights for 2016 include:

• A project exploring parents and their use of social networks found the Parentopia platform needs to beredesigned to be more flexible, mobile and familiar to other forms of online social interaction. Researchersare consulting with parents and staff on the redesign, which should be ready to pilot in spring 2017. • Researchers captured the views of twenty-five African American grandmothers on their cognitivehealth and their self-defined social activities with their grandchildren. All participants reported excellentcognitive health and six categories of activities were identified that they felt enhanced their grandchildren'seducations success and deterred suspensions (having meals in restaurants, going fishing and hiking,teaching to cook, playing games to enhance thinking skills, having discussions to assist in problem solving,and financing evaluations to determine their grandchildren's education levels). • In collaboration with the Minnesota Elder Justice Center, U of M researchers are conducting a surveywith twenty family members who have experienced elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) but were notthe perpetrator or elder victim. Through these individual interviews, researchers hope to identify ways toprevent and intervene earlier in the exploitation process. • Research on how much parents use online parenting resources led 670 parents and 159 youths fromacross the US and India to take part in an online survey. Data is still being analyzed but early findingsreveal that fathers are more likely to use online activity in general than for parenting and that overall theydid not have a positive attitude toward online parenting resources. • A research project on the concept of fairness when dealing with family inheritance informed a newfactsheet for family members on "estate planning matters." This factsheet is available on the UMNExtension personal finance website. • Researchers exploring how the ADAPT curriculum, and, in particular, whether military parents' use ofonline mindfulness exercises (OME), affects their emotional regulation and mindfulness found nearly halfthe parents engaged in OME and mothers engaged in OME more than fathers. Furthermore, mothers whoused OME showed significantly higher mindfulness at their 6-month follow-up than those that did not. Theresults illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of online mindfulness training in parenting programs forpost-deployed military families. Extension. The Building Healthy, Strong Families program continues to invest heavily in partnerships withlocal organizations and institutions trusted by the spectrum of underserved populations in Minnesota. As aresult, in 2016, 39 percent of all participants, including 37 percent of adults and 68 percent of youth, wereMinnesotans of color. This is a 10 percent increase from 2015. Current evaluation efforts are tracking theeffectiveness of these programs and train-the-trainer efforts. Reported outcomes describe success in helping low-income families use Earned Income Tax Credits andchanged behaviors during parent separation and divorce. 2. Brief description of the target audience

Building Strong, Healthy Families programs serve professionals in collaborating agencies such as mentalhealth agencies, parent education programs, schools, courts, family service agencies, health care settings,organizations and businesses. Youth and money programs reach adolescents moving into independentliving directly or through their educational resources. Family development programs are highly effective inattracting low-income, minority and immigrant families through partnerships with trusted communityorganizations. Cultural adaptations of programs and outreach have attracted a significant percentage of Minnesotans of



color. While 19 percent of Minnesotans are non-white, 37 percent of adult participants of FamilyDevelopment program are persons of color, and 68 percent of youth participants are youth of color. A total38 percent of reported participants were non-white in 2016. MAES. Research target audiences also include Extension educators, community action participants,family social scientists, social workers, marriage counselors, caregivers and senior home servicecoordinators, family resource management researchers, government and public policymakers, andeconomic development professionals. 3. How was eXtension used?

Extension educators and specialists were highly engaged in eXtension this year. A program leader serveson the eXtension Health Insurance Action Team. She participated in the eXtension Financial Security forAll COP America Saves Social Media Campaign, and used eXtension WordPress Learn Event pages andwebinars to fulfill a cooperative agreement with the Department of Defense to role out the Military FinancialLearning Network.







11021 915664 856 0Actual

20160


Actual:Year:

Patents listed




20 20 40Actual


Output Target

Output #1

● Number of professionals trained to educate and support families.

Output Measure




Output #2

● Number of workshops and classes held -- face-to-face or online.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 845





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Professionals who work with parents and families will improve their skills. (Outcomeexpressed as a percentage of participants who report improving skills, or the significancelevel showing meaningful change in skills, depending on the evaluations methods used.)

1

Parents will improve their parenting practices. (Outcome is the significance level at whichparents demonstrated they made meaningful change in behavior.)2

Divorcing or unmarried parents will improve their co-parenting relationships in ways that areknown to be effective in supporting positive child outcomes. (Outcomes expressed aspercentage of participants who report improved communication, planning or resourcesharing.)

3

Individuals, families and employees who participate in Resource Management programmingwill report they have used the knowledge and materials provided by the program to changebehaviors related to targeted financial management goals. (Outcome is the significance leveldemonstrating that parents are making meaningful change in financial condition.)

4

Promoting the concept of Vital Involvement (VI) to Senior Service Coordinators will led toincreased levels of using VI with residents.5



1. Outcome Measures

Professionals who work with parents and families will improve their skills. (Outcome expressed as apercentage of participants who report improving skills, or the significance level showing meaningfulchange in skills, depending on the evaluations methods used.)

Outcome #1


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 94


Issue (Who cares and Why)The shift away from fixed benefit programs, and the complexity of available financial services,requires individuals to take greater responsibility for their long-term financial well-being. In 2015,the average poverty level in Minnesota was 10.2 percent. An example of the need for financialliteracy education involves the Earned Income Tax Credit. This tax credit can account for 30percent or more of a household's entire annual income. The IRS highlights that many ruralaudiences, in particular, are eligible for the EITC and are not aware of it. Educating serviceproviders who are already connected to Minnesotans in poverty can assure that eligible personsknow about the credit they are entitled to.

What has been doneTaxes 101, a tax primer series, was held in 2016 for social service providers who supportindividuals in completing their taxes. With this training, professionals then offer the most accurateand up-to-date financial education to low income tax filers. Taxes 101 was offered both in personand online.

ResultsIn post-workshop evaluations, respondents described most significant learning, which wasanalyzed for most prevalent words. The top learning was about available resources, tax credits,and free tax services. While it is difficult to assess how many Minnesotans were impacted bythese trainings, one group -- MN Community Action -- reported they provided tax preparation andfinancial education to 117,575 people in 2016 and 46,678 families. This represents just one of thegroups that took the Taxes 101 workshop.




KA Code Knowledge Area801 Individual and Family Resource Management802 Human Development and Family Well-Being806 Youth Development

1. Outcome Measures

Parents will improve their parenting practices. (Outcome is the significance level at which parentsdemonstrated they made meaningful change in behavior.)

Outcome #2


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 98


Issue (Who cares and Why)Paternal aggravation and stress in parenting is associated with lower levels of father engagementand less supportive co-parenting relationships. Parenting is a key path by which children maintainresilience in the face of stress and transition. Therefore, educating parents about high-qualityparenting, particularly during a time of stress, such as divorce or separation, can improveoutcomes for children.

What has been doneIn 2016, 586 parents attended Parenting Forever classes throughout the state and 1,632 parentsattended the online course. Parents Forever has a 20-year history in Minnesota, reaching close to30,000 parents. Rigorous evaluation consistently demonstrates the program creates healthier co-parenting behavior. The Minnesota Supreme Court has approved the program because it meetsand exceeds all 25 standards for parent education, as described by the court's policy.

ResultsParticipants answered questions about knowledge and skills gained from class, stating what theyknew before and what they know now in a retrospective pre-post evaluation design. Scores onseven different parenting behaviors were all statistically significant. Parents reported they wouldact to balance their own needs with the needs of their children, their understanding of howparents and children shape each other in reciprocal ways, examining how their parenting styleinfluences their parenting, child development knowledge, the effects of divorce and separation on



children at different ages and stages and strategies to strengthen the parent-child relationship andimprove a child's support network.


KA Code Knowledge Area802 Human Development and Family Well-Being806 Youth Development

1. Outcome Measures

Divorcing or unmarried parents will improve their co-parenting relationships in ways that are knownto be effective in supporting positive child outcomes. (Outcomes expressed as percentage ofparticipants who report improved communication, planning or resource sharing.)

Outcome #3


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 50


Issue (Who cares and Why)Though divorce rates are declining, 26 percent of children currently live with a single parent (PewResearch Center, 2015). Divorce and separation contribute, along with other adverse childhoodexperiences, to the risk of poor health outcomes, such as depression and suicide attempts (Dube,et. al., 2003). Co-parenting positively relates to "...parenting and child adjustment" (Feinberg,2009). For low-income families, "supportive co-parenting after relationship dissolution isassociated with increased father involvement which buffers against the negative effectsof...dissolution (Dush et al, 2001)."

What has been doneIn 2016, the Parents Forever program conducted a rigorous impact study of one if its flagshipprograms where upwards of 30 parents a month take an in-person class. In the IRB approvedstudy, parents were asked to complete a pre-survey in the two weeks before class, a post-surveyin the three weeks after class and a follow up survey three months later. Follow up surveys will beconducted until March of 2017. Currently, there are 123 completed post-surveys and 87 follow upsurveys.

Results



The Co-Parenting Alliance Scale (PAYS) assesses how co-parents work together as a parentingteam, including solving problems, communicating, addressing co-parenting issues, trusting theother co-parent and being a united team in front of children. Among those who completed theimpact study all three times, 50 percent of parents who were part of Parents Forever improvedtheir co-parenting from before the class to after.


KA Code Knowledge Area802 Human Development and Family Well-Being806 Youth Development

1. Outcome Measures

Individuals, families and employees who participate in Resource Management programming willreport they have used the knowledge and materials provided by the program to change behaviorsrelated to targeted financial management goals. (Outcome is the significance level demonstratingthat parents are making meaningful change in financial condition.)

Outcome #4


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 40


Issue (Who cares and Why)Many researchers have pointed out that the lack of personal financial knowledge is a majorbarrier to an individual's sound financial practices (Financial Literacy & Education Commission,2006). Thus, greater attention has been paid to increase people's financial literacy. Financialliteracy education is more important especially with the current economic hard times sinceresearch has reported a positive association between financial knowledge and the financial well-being of families (Kim, 2001).

What has been doneDollar Works 2 is an updated and revised version of the Dollar Works curriculum originallydeveloped in 1997. One of the updates was cultural adaptation. The Dollar Works 2 curriculumwas culturally adapted for Spanish-speaking audiences while still allowing it to be applicable toother cultural groups and learners. It contains 12 independent units with teaching goals, learning



targets, list of terms, action pages and evaluation tools. It helps instructors teach financialmanagement skills based on the needs of the learners.

ResultsTo measure the effectiveness of the Dollar Works 2 curriculum, a pre and post test was done. Theentire money behavior scale and some of the sub-categories showed effectiveness. Financialsatisfaction was significantly different between pre-test and post-test after the education session.People who are satisfied with their financial situation are more in control of their finances.


KA Code Knowledge Area801 Individual and Family Resource Management802 Human Development and Family Well-Being

1. Outcome Measures

Promoting the concept of Vital Involvement (VI) to Senior Service Coordinators will led to increasedlevels of using VI with residents.

Outcome #5


● 1862 Research

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 0


Issue (Who cares and Why)By 2030, twenty-four percent of Minnesota's population will be sixty-five years or older. Theseelders are requiring more and different care, services, and support, for longer periods of time,than ever before.

University of Minnesota social scientists have developed the Vital Involvement (VI) construct,which allows us to address the challenges presented by an aging population in ways that are bothhumane for elders and productive for society, but more work is needed to involve individuals thatwork with seniors in this process.

What has been doneTo work effectively with Service Coordinators at senior housing centers, researchers developedthe Vital Involvement-based Service Coordination model, which allows Service Coordinators to



access outside services and training and an outlet to promote VI among their residents.

Researchers receive and analyze 70 VI stories per month from various Service Coordinators andpick 2-4 exemplary stories to highlight in the bi-monthly AHEPA newsletter.

ResultsSince, initiating these bi-monthly teaching tools, researchers have noticed an increasedcomplexity and depth in the quality of overall VI stories submitted each month. These increasesindicate a fuller Service Coordinator understanding of VI, more effective promotion, and increasedlevels of resident VI in the properties where these service coordinators work.

This process is helping to build a foundation for measuring elder well-being that looks at morethan the simple dollar amount saved on health-care and mental-health-care costs. It has greatpotential for influencing programming for older adults and healthy psychosocial development ateach stage of life.


KA Code Knowledge Area801 Individual and Family Resource Management802 Human Development and Family Well-Being


External factors which affected outcomes● Other (No external factors affected outcomes. )

Brief Explanation


Evaluation Results

Extension's Family Development team's goal is to equip those persons in communities who have thetrust of low-income families and parents with the tools, knowledge and curriculum they need toprovide information in critical periods of transition. Current evaluation studies are implementing aquasi-experimental design to examine the consistent effectiveness of the Parents Forever curriculumso that it can meet the high standards of the National Registry of Evidence-based Programs andPractices monitored by the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration. The findings ofthe quasi-experimental design study are described in this year's report. In 2017, the team will becomparing these results to a comparison sample of divorced and single parents that was recentlycollected. If this study is successful in quantifying program success with a comparison group, it willbe one of just three divorce education programs on the National Registry, and the first program withan eight-hour intervention to be on the registry. Other states are already adopting this curricula tomeet a mandate to deliver parenting education and interest in the program is increasing amongExtension in other states.



Ongoing studies of curriculum demonstrate that Extension's curriculum and train-the-trainer methodsare creating consistent results. Among those reported this year were the use of Earned Income TaxCredits to improve household resources, and the use of Parenting Education programs to changeparenting behaviors so that they focus on child development and health in single parent households.


Extension. Ongoing studies of curriculum demonstrate that Extension's curriculum and train-the-trainer methods are creating consistent results. Among those reported this year were the use ofEarned Income Tax Credits to improve household resources, and the use of Parenting Educationprograms to change parenting behaviors so that they focus on child development and health in singleparent households. A quasi-experimental evaluation study of the Parents Forever curriculum as found evidence ofprogram success in changing behaviors. These study findings will be measured against acomparison group study in 2017 in order to put the Parents Forever on the National Registry ofEvidence-based Programs and Practices. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• U of M Internal Research Grants





Youth Development




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

60%805 Community Institutions, Health, and SocialServices 20%

40%806 Youth Development 80%Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 48.8 0.00.00.0



ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1867583

3845578

8750410 0

0

0 98056 0

262985 0

224233 0




Extension's Center for Youth Development manages statewide 4-H programs and trains quality youthworkers and volunteers in critical issues related to youth development and best practices in youthprogramming. Three national mission mandates provide a programmatic focus allowing the Center toleverage funds from NIFA, the state of Minnesota, and other grants and gifts. They are: 1. Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (including the science of agriculture) 2. Citizen and Leadership 3. Animal Science A significant change in 2015 was the transfer of the Quality Matters program, a certification process thatinstills best practices among youth-serving organizations, to the University of Minnesota's School of SocialWork. In 2016, the Center continued to conduct adult education for professionals and volunteersresponsible for youth programs, including 4-H. In 2016, two educational outcome goals were identified as part of new logic model changes:

1. Youth will learn by developing a passion for their areas of interest. 2. Youth will lead by being innovators and social change agents. Evaluation studies are tracking educational outcomes related to this, and are monitoring post-secondaryeducation choices made by alumni of 4-H programs. Efforts to better welcome new members and firstgeneration 4-H participants have resulted in an additional 7,000 4-H members. Moreover, re-enrollmentrates are quite high. Seventy percent of youth who enrolled in the 2014-2015 year came back for the 2015-2016 year. Longevity matters in youth development because when youth have the ability to form strongrelationships with other youth and caring adults, they also have the opportunity to deepen their learning. MAES has not typically extended funding to the Youth Development Program but increasingly MAESfunded research projects are fitting in with the objectives of this planned program. In particular, MAESfunded research focused on uncovering ways to close the achievement gap in Minnesota schools,encouraging minority youth interest in STEM, and providing guidance to youth counselors as they dealwith at-risk youth fit in well with this program. We plan to continue to report on the success of theseprojects here. Research highlights for 2016 include:

• A research project exploring the influence of social networks on Hmong elementary studentsacademic achievement recruited 75 students and their families to take part the their initial survey. Fromthis group ten will be chosen to take part in the qualitative study. • A project focused on retraining workers at community recreation centers worked with ten supervisorswho plan programs for centers in their area. To date, the project has led to some intellectual andphilosophical changes but limited behavior change. • A pilot studying exploring how to improve the emotional health of high-risk adolescents foundevidence to support a linkage between extreme emotional response and substance abuse. This finding isconsistent with existing literature. • Researchers working on teaching economics regarding the five NIFA priority areas to K-12 teachersheld 24 professional development programs that reached 635 teachers who taught 57,427 students. • A research project exploring how young adults learn to manage their finances focused on collegestudents' perspectives on being overindulged in childhood and how that relates to their current financialskills. Findings suggest that overindulgence is correlated with impulsive spending but not with credit carduse and that overindulged young adults may have not learned good money management skills in theiryouth. • Fourteen workshops on increasing financial literacy among adolescents and emerging adults wereheld and reached 138 youth and 87 adults. Surveys showed both adults and youths showed significant



knowledge gains in four of six concepts taught (22 percent increase for adults and 20 percent increase foryouth).2. Brief description of the target audience

There is a concerted effort in Minnesota (and in the North Central region) to target first generation 4-Hmembers. These are young people who have never had a family member in the 4-H program. ThisMinnesota 4-H initiative is working to ensure the program represents all demographics of youth inMinnesota. A strategic benchmark deployed by the Center is that 4-H will reflect the population in thecommunities it serves. Efforts are underway to reach new populations around the state. This outreach hasbeen successful -- 7,000 new members enrolled in 2016. This is a 22 percent increase over the previousyear. Target audiences for MAES funded research include teachers, social workers, community-focused cityworkers, young adults, and youth and their families. 3. How was eXtension used?

Eight 4-H staff reported they use eXtension to get or give information.







11164 1020680 68595 0Actual

20160


Actual:Year:

Patents listed




3 2 5Actual


Output Target



Output #1

● Number of educational offerings delivered for youth-serving organizations through both face-to-face and on-line offerings.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 105

Output #2

● Percentage of parents of youth participants who report being satisfied with their first year ofparticipating in 4-H programming, thus making long-term engagement more feasible.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 74

Output #3

● Number of lead adult volunteers in 4-H clubs will be trained to work with Minnesota's youngpeople who participate in 4-H program activities.

Output Measure


Output #4

● Number of 4-H program clubs that use a validated assessment tool to guide qualityimprovement efforts.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 87





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Youth participating in 4-H Youth Development who go on to higher education.1

Youth participating in 4-H Youth Development who are prepared with 21st century learningskills; e.g., communicating effectively, building connections, making positive choices, andmaking contributions to their community.)

2

Adult participants in educational offerings will report that they increased their understandingand knowledge of a given youth development topic. (Outcome expressed as a percentage ofparticipants in agreement.)

3

Youth in 4-H programs will develop 21st century leadership skills. (Outcome is percentage ofyouth reporting change.)4



1. Outcome Measures

Youth participating in 4-H Youth Development who go on to higher education.

Outcome #1


1. Outcome Measures

Youth participating in 4-H Youth Development who are prepared with 21st century learning skills;e.g., communicating effectively, building connections, making positive choices, and makingcontributions to their community.)

Outcome #2


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 97


Issue (Who cares and Why)Participation in after school programs has been linked to better school attendance, better gradesand test scores, a more positive attitude toward school work, higher aspirations for college, betterwork habits, better interpersonal skills, and reduced dropout rates. (University of Minnesota,2006). Structured out of school time can help youth develop 21st century skills.

What has been done4-H programs have established goals to increase learning by tapping the individual passions ofyouth and enhancing their leadership skills.(Learning goals are reported here. Leadership isreported in Outcome #4.) In 4-H clubs, youth have the opportunity to explore a host ofopportunities and engage in projects that create hands-on learning opportunities.

ResultsIn the past, we have implemented the 4-H common measures to assess 21st century skills. Theseare currently undergoing national review. Minnesota youth took part in field testing the commonmeasures in August of 2016. In spring 2016, an outcome survey was sent to 206 seniors in highschool who are nearing alumni status. Results show that alumni had learning benefits from their



involvement in the program: 98 percent had learned something new; 97 percent helped another 4-Her get better at something; and 97 percent reflected on what they learned, explored their ownviews and mastered a particular skill.


KA Code Knowledge Area806 Youth Development

1. Outcome Measures

Adult participants in educational offerings will report that they increased their understanding andknowledge of a given youth development topic. (Outcome expressed as a percentage ofparticipants in agreement.)

Outcome #3


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 97


Issue (Who cares and Why)Successful engagement with youth requires that adult volunteers to have a deep understanding ofyouth development orientation to program goals, and an intentional method to welcome andintegrate all 4-H members across cultures and interests.

What has been doneLocal, regional and statewide trainings help youth workers and 4-H volunteers focus onknowledge and skills that can make programming more successful. This includes training aboutyouth development, the 4-H mission and programmatic direction, cultural lenses, creatingwelcoming environments, and resources available to help volunteers succeed over time.

ResultsThe quantitative outcome reflects the average response among all 4-H trainings. Adults reportedthat they have a deeper understanding of youth development topics (88percent), betterunderstand the mission and organizational intentions of 4-H, and where to access supportresources (98.9 percent), better understand their cultural lens and can apply it in the 4-H setting(99 percent) and that they are more ready to welcome new 4-Hers (99 percent).




KA Code Knowledge Area805 Community Institutions, Health, and Social Services806 Youth Development

1. Outcome Measures

Youth in 4-H programs will develop 21st century leadership skills. (Outcome is percentage of youthreporting change.)

Outcome #4


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 94


Issue (Who cares and Why)According to a recent survey by the National 4-H council, most youth (81 percent) think leadersare more concerned with their own agendas than achieving goals; 76 percent say leaders arefocused on different priorities than what matters to them; half of youth rate government andpolitical leaders as having weak leadership, not accomplishing what is promised, not collaboratingand not offering solutions. Most (96 percent) think leadership is important to addressing issues,but only one in three say they have skills they need to lead.

What has been done4-H programs support youth in gaining skills in the tasks of leadership while providing anopportunity to experience what it is like to make a difference in their community. In that way, youthmove from passive observation of leadership to engaged citizenship.

ResultsThe study of 4-H alumni in Central Minnesota found that 97 percent had helped in theircommunity; 96 percent had presented in front of others; 94 percent saw that youth are animportant part of the community; 93 percent had tackled a challenge; 93 percent felt they werepart of their community; and 92 percent said they had made a difference in their community.




KA Code Knowledge Area806 Youth Development


External factors which affected outcomes● Competing Programmatic Challenges

Brief Explanation

We are not reporting on post-secondary enrollment. Data collection among 4-H youth shows thatthe post-secondary enrollment among 4-H youth is actually 7 percent lower than Minnesota'senrollment writ large. Distinct regional differences in post-secondary enrollment across the statemake those comparisons more complicated to discern. Nevertheless, the youth development team is deliberately conducting planning and programming toenhance post-secondary enrollment rates. Specific program efforts have engaged middle schoolaged youth into programs that connect them to college. Assessment of these efforts will beconducted over time.


Evaluation Results

Extension's youth development and 4-H programs establish logic models, program priorities, andevaluation strategies that are often informed by national priorities. Evaluation strategiesare measuring youth learning in topics that nurture areas of passion and interest, as well as nurturingyouth leadership. In the past, the Center implemented 4-H Common Measures to assess 21stcentury skills. The Common Measures are currently undergoing review for improvement. Minnesotayouth took part in field-testing the Common Measures in August of 2016 and gave feedback to themeasures through focused conversations with researchers from the University of Nebraska. To assess 21st Century skills in 2016, Extension implemented multiple measures to assess youthlearning and youth leadership in Minnesota. The Central Region of Minnesota was tapped to conductthe evaluation. Youth members who recently completed their senior year in 4-H were asked to report on theirlearning and leadership. Because of their near completion of the program, they are entering program"alumni" status. Over 200 youth responded to the survey. Results show that alumni are learning andleading through the program. Learning benefits:

• 98 percent of alumni learned something new • 97 percent helped another 4-Her get better at something • 97 percent reflected on what they had learned • 97 percent explored their own views • 97 percent got really good at something



Leadership benefits:

• 97 percent helped in the community • 96 percent presented in front of others • 94 percent saw that youth are an important part of the community • 93 percent tackled a challenge • 93 percent felt like they were part of their community • 92 percent said they had made a difference in their community


Youth members who recently completed their senior year in 4-H were asked to report on theirlearning and leadership. Because of their near completion of the program, these 4-Hers are enteringprogram "alumni" status. Over 200 youth responded to the survey. Results demonstrate that alumniare learning nad leading through the program. Learning benefits:

• 98 percent of alumni learned something new • 97 percent helped another 4-Her get better at something • 97 percent reflected on what they had learned • 97 percent explored their own views • 97 percent got really good at something Leadership benefits:

• 97 percent helped in the community. • 96 percent presented in front of others. • 94 percent saw that youth are an important part of the community. • 93 percent tackled a challenge. • 93 percent felt like they were part of their community. • 92 percent said they had made a difference in their community. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• National Institute on Drug Abuse • National Institute of Mental Health • University of Minnesota "Grand Challenges Grant"





Natural Resource Management




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

50%136 Conservation of Biological Diversity 25%


10%903 Communication, Education, andInformation Delivery 50%

Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 7.0 0.013.40.0



ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

661434

1930667

641757 0

0

0 215201 0

1449202 0

3254933 0





MAES. Research focused on natural resource management involves several academic departments at theUniversity. Key issues addressed through research are environmental stewardship, conservation andprotection of endangered animals, protecting and improving wildlife habitats in Minnesota and beyond, andprotecting Minnesota's abundant natural resources.Research highlights for 2016 include:

• The University of Minnesota Insect Collection received 69,015 new accessions in 2016. This bringsthe collection's total to 3,945,744 species, representing 52,066 species. This makes it the 7th largestUniversity affiliated insect collection in North America. • Genomic analysis of a new rickettsia tick cell line from California revealed that rickettsia is closelyrelated to R. buchneri ticks found in north central and the eastern US and the Rickettsia monacensis foundin Ixodex species in Europe. • U of M researchers participated in a statewide assessment on the abundance and distribution of theAmerican White Pelican. Their results were shared with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources(DNR) and should be made public in 2017. In its last survey, the DNR estimated there are 22,000 pairs ofpelicans whom nest at 16 sites on seven lakes across the state. • An interdisciplinary team of researchers working to assess moose health in Minnesota's decliningmoose population has determined the gut microbial community structure among fecal samples of wildmoose. Their next steps involve identifying correlations between the fecal microbiome and the moose'shealth and determining if the feal microbiome is predictive of landscape patterns. • In an effort to uncover the role whitetailed deer play in forest regeneration and invasive plant species;researchers estimated whitetail deer density across the eastern US forests. Results indicate that deerdensity may be an additional driver of tree seedling abundance when analyzed along with stands attributessuch as aboveground biomass, relative density, and stand age. This study shows the abundance ofwhitetailed deer is an important attribute in the development of forest understories. • Researchers submitted a petition for the experimental release of Root-Mining Weevil Ceutorhynchusscrobicollis for the biological control of garlic mustard. This petition is due to a study on the management ofgarlic mustard that started in 1998. It is currently under review by the USDA-APHIS Technical AdvisoryGroup and if approved could begin in 2019. Extension's natural resources team recruits, trains and supports Minnesotans who volunteer for citizenscience projects statewide. These programs mobilized 1,355 volunteers in 2016, and these volunteerscommitted 82,769 hours to citizen science projects. Three citizen science projects form the core of thenatural resources work. 1) The Driven to Discover program provides tools, resources and curricula foryouth group leaders and program managers who plan and carry out citizen science-based research. 2) The Minnesota Bee Atlas, which was initiated in 2016, combines volunteer observations with historicalrecords to create a statewide list of native bees found in Minnesota and tracks how bee populations arechanging. 3) The Minnesota Master Naturalist program promotes awareness, understanding andstewardship of Minnesota's natural environment by training volunteers around the state. Significant efforts have been made to engage people of color in citizen science projects, and 15 percent ofthe 4,700 participants in Natural Resources programs are persons of color. An example of culturallyrelevant educational efforts include the development of a curriculum called Nando-gikenimindwasa --Getting to Know All of Creation. This book was used in the American Indian Higher Education KnowledgeBowl competition in 2016 and will be used in the 2017 Minnesota Indian Education Knowledge Bowl andclassrooms. It has received support from many Indian education coordinators who bring science educationto Native Youth.




MAES research and Extension programs reach: 1) Concerned citizens and volunteers who are trainedto serve in a variety of volunteer roles as citizen teachers and scientists, 2) Minnesota professionals withinExtension, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Soil and Water Conservation Districts, USFish and Wildlife Services, Health and Human Services Departments and Environmental Sciences, 3) thepublic schools and others involved in environmental science education programs, and, 4) Youth on theWhite Earth Reservation in Northwest Minnesota, when funding allows. In 2016, 15 percent of participants in Natural Resource Management programs were persons of color.3. How was eXtension used?

In eXtension's "Ask an Expert" offering, the work of Minnesota Extension's monarch specialist isreferenced in several responses related to milkweed.V(E). Planned Program (Outputs)






4220 164068 496 0Actual

20160


Actual:Year:

Patents listed




7 36 43Actual


Output Target

Output #1

● Number of Master Naturalists trained and supported in Minnesota.

Output Measure








O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Citizens will explore their natural environment, resulting in increased knowledge andmeaningful discovery about Minnesota's environment and environmental issues. (Targetexpressed as percentage of program participants reporting new knowledge.)

1

Citizen stewards will commit time to exploring and conserving the environment, and teachothers about the environment and stewardship. (Target expressed as number of hoursreported by volunteers and others involved in programs.)

2

Citizens will, through exploration, conservation and education, influence environmentalconditions on significant land acreage in Minnesota. (Target expressed as number of acresMaster Naturalists report that they influence each year.)

3

Researchers will apply tools and knowledge gains from other fields to assist with animalconservation efforts around the globe.4



1. Outcome Measures

Citizens will explore their natural environment, resulting in increased knowledge and meaningfuldiscovery about Minnesota's environment and environmental issues. (Target expressed aspercentage of program participants reporting new knowledge.)

Outcome #1


1. Outcome Measures

Citizen stewards will commit time to exploring and conserving the environment, and teach othersabout the environment and stewardship. (Target expressed as number of hours reported byvolunteers and others involved in programs.)

Outcome #2


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 82769


Issue (Who cares and Why)Citizens who care about the environment can be on-the-ground resources that connect valuableinformation to local groups making decisions that affect local ecosystems. They can also educateothers about science.

What has been doneExtension recruits, trains and supports volunteers who find projects that benefit communities.Pam and Michael Pagelkopf, a couple who completed the Minnesota Master Naturalist BigWoods, Big Rivers program, generated a significant outcome for Minnesota's school forest sites.

ResultsThe Pagelkopfs were inspired to donate materials and labor to create field desks for students whoconduct field studies in school forest sites. In addition to a clipboard writing surface, field desksserve as a container that students use to transport study materials to the field. The Pagelkopfsoriginally committed to purchasing materials and building 300 field desks over a three year period.As of 2016, they will have built and delivered 812 field desks to 30 Minnesota School Forest sites



and driven over 4,000 miles to deliver them. These field desks facilitate learning outcomes forMinnesota's school forest sites.


KA Code Knowledge Area903 Communication, Education, and Information Delivery

1. Outcome Measures

Citizens will, through exploration, conservation and education, influence environmental conditionson significant land acreage in Minnesota. (Target expressed as number of acres Master Naturalistsreport that they influence each year.)

Outcome #3



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 801589


Issue (Who cares and Why)Lake associations, tourism initiatives, watersheds, park boards and communities all need activeengagement in, and knowledge of, natural habitats as they establish policies and make decisionsabout community projects.

What has been doneMinnesota's Master Naturalists are filling these roles in communities, bringing extensive trainingfrom Extension to bear on local issues and decisions. Master Naturalists contribute to the healthand betterment of lands and waters by serving on local lake associations, as SNA stewards, andmembers of advisory committees for tourism initiatives and park sites. Hatch-funded researchfocused, for example, on climate change and invasive species, are used by Master Naturalists intheir community outreach.

ResultsIn 2016, Master Naturalists self-reported having an impact on 801,589 acres of natural land in theState of Minnesota.




KA Code Knowledge Area136 Conservation of Biological Diversity903 Communication, Education, and Information Delivery

1. Outcome Measures

Researchers will apply tools and knowledge gains from other fields to assist with animalconservation efforts around the globe.

Outcome #4


● 1862 Research

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 0


Issue (Who cares and Why)Pandas are one of most beloved and most endangered animals on the planet. Inbreeding andrelatedness in wild panda populations are important parameters for panda conservation. Habitatloss and fragmentation are expected to increase inbreeding but the actual inbreeding levels innatural panda habitats have remained largely unknown.

What has been doneUsing methods of genetic analysis often used for livestock species, animal science researchers atthe University of Minnesota applied their technique to analyze wild and captive panda populationsin China.

Their study revealed that wild pandas from the four largest habitats were genetically unrelatedand most pandas from 200km apart shared no common ancestral alleles. However, the Qinlingwild panda population, which is known to have habitat loss, and the Linagshan wild pandapopulation both had high levels of inbreeding.

ResultsThe results provide a genomic quantification of the actual levels of inbreeding and relatednessamong pandas in their natural habitats, provide genomic confirmation of the relationship betweengenetic diversity and geographical distances, and provide genomic evidence to the urgency ofhabitat protection.



Based on these findings, researchers developed three habitat-controlled breeding plans tominimize the risk of hidden-inbreeding and to increase the representation of the smallest wildpanda populations in the captive population.


KA Code Knowledge Area136 Conservation of Biological Diversity



Brief Explanation


Evaluation Results

In its early stages of program development, Extension's volunteer training programs conductedextensive evaluation to demonstrate that training that was provided by Extension effectively preparedMaster Naturalists and other citizen science program participants with the information they need towork effectively on behalf of the environment in communities. Having demonstrated that, the programis now tracking yearly engagement of these volunteers. Extension citizen science programs mobilize volunteers yearly to work in communities on behalf ofprotecting the natural environment. Volunteers who are educated by Extension continue to receivesupport from Extension and their Master Naturalist peers as they do work in communities. Theyreport to Extension about their hours of service and the number of acres of land they seek to affect.In 2016, 1,355 volunteers reported that they contributed 82,769 hours to community projects andaffected 801,589 acres of land.


Extension. In 2016, 1,355 Extension-trained volunteers reported that they contributed 82,769 hoursto citizen-science community projects and affected 801,589 acres of land. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• National Science Foundation • Minnesota DNR • USGS- National Water-Quality Assessment Program • State Wildlife Grants Program • Grant-in-Aid



• National Institutes of Health





Forestry and Forest Products




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

40%123 Management and Sustainability of ForestResources 25%

20%124 Urban Forestry 25%20%125 Agroforestry 25%20%133 Pollution Prevention and Mitigation 25%

Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 6.9 0.026.60.0



ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

754158

1849734

739615 0

0

0 78163 0

1012176 0

694987 0





MAES. Minnesota provides a unique location to study forestry and the forest products industry. With over17 million acres of forests and a $8.9 billion forestry and forest products industry researchers are focusedon protecting this key economic resource for our state.Research highlights from 2016 include:

• An MAES supported researcher has been chosen as a co-lead for a new national institute known asthe Rapid Advancement in Process Intensification Deployment (RAPID). RAPID seeks to address keychallenges in energy-intensive manufacturing process industries - including forestry and forest products.Specifically, he is a co-lead of the renewable bioproducts team and will assist with the strategic roadmapping for what needs to be accomplished and encourage industry participation in the effort. • New tree diseases continue to threaten Minnesota's forests and urban trees. Heterobasidion root rot,a recently discovered disease in Minnesota, has the potential to cause serious losses in red and whitepine. To date, surveys have focused on conifer plantations in southeastern and east central Minnesota. • A new, real-time PCR system, DNA diagnostic method is being used for surveying diseased trees.This new method is more sensitive and able to quantify the amount of DNA of the pathogen in eachsample analyzed. • Researchers are currently evaluating different cultivars for resistance to Raffaelea lauricola which iscausing Laurel wilt in the southern US. Finding trees with disease resistance will play a major role incontrolling this disease. • Work continues to evaluate elm genotypes and cultivars for their resistance to Dutch Elm Disease.New elm selections with strong resistance will provide much needed diversity in Minnesota for thisimportant native tree species. • A research project exploring how various payment methods affect the cost of timber found thatperceptions of ecological and economic impacts of timber payment method often exceed the actualimpact. Specifically, the study found that timber payment method did not impact post-harvest ecologicalconditions, gross stumpage revenue, or stumpage price bids. Given the strengths and weaknesses ofvarious pricing systems, researchers recommend allowing agencies flexibility to select the approach thatbest fits their needs. • A project focused on regeneration of Minnesota's peatland forests conducted both field andgreenhouse-based studies. Analysis of these studies in still underway, but early results suggest a strongoverlap in the mycorrihizal fungal communities associated with tamarack and spruce, suggesting thatmycirrhizae may be able to mediate the interactions between these two hosts in a way that could facilitatethe regeneration of black spruce in areas where ericaceous shrubs are abundant. Extension. In 2016, the forestry team of educators and specialists continued to advance the role ofcitizen forest owners and community volunteers who can protect and nurture Minnesota's forest lands. Programs such as Wasp Watchers and the Forest Pest First Detectors mobilized Minnesotans toeffectively identify invasive species early and to find solutions to Emerald Ash Borer threats. (Seeoutcome #3.) At least 68 communities are formally working with the forestry team to develop urban forestmanagement plans and keep trees healthy. Trained forest owners and natural resource professionalsappreciate the sophisticated network of educators, professional advisors, volunteers, owners andcommunity members that are trained to use and share information about forests, agroforestry, silvopasture(the use of grazing to manage forestland), and the adoption of other sustainable forest managementpractices.2. Brief description of the target audience

Extension's primary audiences include farmers and woodland owners, loggers, wood processors andmarketers, natural resource and green industry professionals, volunteer educators, and local and stategovernment personnel engaged in forestry, parks and recreation and soil and water conservation. Asecondary audience is youth.



Target audiences for research include forest and forest products researchers, information specialists innatural resource management, public forest land management decision-makers and policymakers,plant pathologists specializing in tree diseases, wood products industry, biotechnology and biofuelsindustry, arborists, conservators, and biological science researchers.









10783 305952 67 0Actual

20160


Actual:Year:

Patents listed




10 8 18Actual


Output Target

Output #1

● Number of workshops, tours, and demonstration projects that increase awareness oflandowners, volunteers, loggers, natural resource professionals and businesses involved inforestry, agroforestry, urban forestry and forest products.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 147





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Program participants (landowners) will learn new information that helps them manage forestland. (Target expressed as percentage of participants.)1

Program participants will improve forest management on a significant number of acres.(Target expressed as number of acres on which management was improved.)2

Citizen Wasp Watchers and Forest Pest First Detectors have proactively identified problemsand solutions related to invasive species that harm Minnesota's forests. (Outcome is thenumber of citizen-led discoveries.)

3



1. Outcome Measures

Program participants (landowners) will learn new information that helps them manage forest land.(Target expressed as percentage of participants.)

Outcome #1


1. Outcome Measures

Program participants will improve forest management on a significant number of acres. (Targetexpressed as number of acres on which management was improved.)

Outcome #2



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 1900


Issue (Who cares and Why)Minnesota has more than 429,000 acres of unproductive and unmanaged wooded pasture,according to the 2012 USDA Census of Agriculture. Decreasing this number requires training andin-depth consultation with forest owners who can take advantage of forests more wisely for theirlivestock while increasing their stewardship.

What has been doneIn 2016, the forestry team provided in-depth consultation to an owner of 1,600 forested acres, andpartnered with him in the development of a demonstration site for best practices management.The farmer attended educational programs and partnered with Extension to establish an on-farmsilvopasture demonstration trial. In addition, UMN offered a hybrid online/in-person course onforest stewardship. This course focused on woodland owners in southeastern Minnesota.

ResultsTogether, these efforts created significant changes in forest management and sustainability for1,900 acres of Minnesota forest land. Beyond these effects on these particular acres, thesilvopasture demonstration is providing concrete, observable differences in forest health, and also



positively affected the health of grazing livestock. This demonstration site is being used to trainand inspire other land owners.


KA Code Knowledge Area123 Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources125 Agroforestry

1. Outcome Measures

Citizen Wasp Watchers and Forest Pest First Detectors have proactively identified problems andsolutions related to invasive species that harm Minnesota's forests. (Outcome is the number ofcitizen-led discoveries.)

Outcome #3



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 32


Issue (Who cares and Why)Smoky winged beetle bandit wasps (cerceris fumipennis) prey on emerald ash borer (EAB) andsimilar beetles. This means that wasps can be used as an early detection tool for EAB. But EABis only one invasive species that can overtake Minnesota forests. Other pests include the gypsymoth, Asian longhorned beetle, and Oriental bittersweet.

What has been doneExtension and the Minnesota Department of Agriculture provide online training and onlineinterface with community volunteers, asking these "Wasp Watchers" to search for new cercerisfumipennis sites in their communities, and to adopt a site and collect the wasp's beetle prey.Similarly, Forest Pest First Detectors are trained by Extension to identify the occurrence of forestpests.

ResultsIn 2016, Wasp Watcher participants searched 219 new sites, up from 87 last year, anddiscovered 29 new cerceris sites, up from 13 last year. They captured twice as many buprestid



beetles as last year, which will help slow down the spread of EAB. In addition, Forest Pest FirstDetectors identified three new locations in eastern Minnesota where Oriental bittersweet -- adevastating forest killer -- was growing. Early eradication can prevent infestation of additionalforestland.


KA Code Knowledge Area123 Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources124 Urban Forestry


External factors which affected outcomes● Other (No outcomes were affected in 2016. )

Brief Explanation


Evaluation Results

Outcomes for Extension's forestry and forest products programs are evaluated both by measurementof learning, and by monitoring the effectiveness of citizen stewards as they identify, report anderadicate invasive species. Programs are also evaluated by how citizen stewards utilize effectiveforest management practices (such as pruning trees in communities, incorporating silvopasture, andmore.) In 2016, a broad network of citizen volunteers and land managers, all trained throughExtension, worked actively in 68 communities and identified instances of emerald ash borer andother infestations. In all, 1,244 volunteers committed 8,126 hours to protecting and preservingMinnesota's forests.


In 2016, a broad network of citizen volunteers and land managers, all trained through Extension,worked actively in 68 communities and identified instances of emerald ash borer and otherinfestations. In all, 1,244 volunteers committed 8,126 hours to protecting and preserving Minnesota'sforests. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• Department of Energy





Housing

Reporting on this ProgramReason for not reportingFor the 2017 Plan of Work, we removed the Housing planned program and began to shift ourresearch and Extension work typically reported under this planned program to CommunityVitality and Public Finance and Building Strong, Healthy Families.

Minnesota Extension continues to provide national leaders in two areas -- bed bugs andradon mitigation. To that end, bed bug education was translated into fact sheets into eightnew languages this year and courses are being offered throughout the country. Participantoutputs (n=4,373 adults) are incorporated into totals in the executive summary, and theoutreach to underserved audiences is noted. However, no significant new impacts areavailable for reporting.



KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

100%804Human Environmental Issues ConcerningApparel, Textiles, and Residential andCommercial Structures

100%

Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 2.7 0.02.50.0





ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

0

0

0 0

0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0











0 0 0 0Actual

20160


Actual:Year:

Patents listed






0 0 0Actual


Output Target

Output #1

● Educational courses will be delivered to the target audiences.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 0

Output #2

● New research will result in the development of new and revised educational materials. (Targetexpressed as the number of new or revised curriculum materials.)

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 0





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Improve the durability of new homes by working with builders. (Target expressed as thenumber of builders trained.)1

Improve the availability of healthy and affordable housing through the mitigation of indoorenvironmental risks. (Target expressed as number of homes affected.)2



1. Outcome Measures

Improve the durability of new homes by working with builders. (Target expressed as the number ofbuilders trained.)

Outcome #1


1. Outcome Measures

Improve the availability of healthy and affordable housing through the mitigation of indoorenvironmental risks. (Target expressed as number of homes affected.)

Outcome #2



External factors which affected outcomes● Natural Disasters (drought, weather extremes, etc.)

● Public Policy changes

● Government Regulations

● Competing Public priorities

● Populations changes (immigration, new cultural groupings, etc.)

Brief Explanation

{No Data Entered}


Evaluation Results

{No Data Entered}


{No Data Entered}





Horticulture




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research

15%102 Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships 20%5%132 Weather and Climate 0%

25%201 Plant Genome, Genetics, and GeneticMechanisms 0%

5%204 Plant Product Quality and Utility(Preharvest) 20%

20%205 Plant Management Systems 20%

20%211 Insects, Mites, and Other ArthropodsAffecting Plants 20%

10%213 Weeds Affecting Plants 20%Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 13.4 0.043.60.0





ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

820467

2051067

989032 0

0

0 376195 0

5141745 0

4663230 0


MAES supports horticultural research for fruit, vegetables and ornamental plants, and turfgrasses.Research in these areas includes breeding new cold-hardy and disease resistant plants, studying pestsand diseases affecting crops, and uncovering new technologies that could revolutionize the horticultureindustry. Research highlights for 2016 include:

• Researchers visited over fifteen tomato production farms, surveyed them for diseases, and collectedtomato leaf mold fundi isolates for further testing. Thus far the diseases with the most impact on tomatoproduction in MN are Botrytis Gray mold, Fusarium Crown and Root Rot, and Fusarium Wilt. • Research on the genomics of wild potato varieties revealed that plants regulate disease resistance indifferent organs at a transcriptional level, with stronger expression of a disease resistance gene correlatingwith better disease resistance. This observation opens avenues for future research such as tweaking theexpression of native disease resistance genes by modifying promoter regions using gene editing. • Researchers performed descriptive analysis of Frontenac gris (UMN release) and Briana wine grapes.About 40 sensory descriptors for the grapes and 50 sensory descriptors for sampled wines weregenerated by the analysis. These lexicons can now be used by other wine researchers and winemakers toimprove their ability to communicate with marketers and consumers. • A new badnavirus occurring in roses was identified and is being propagated following tissue culture.Further tests will include transmission studies and genomic characterization. • A formal two-year survey of hop yards across the state was completed in 2016. It showed that downymildew is widespread across Minnesota and has systematically infected every hop yard surveyed. Thisindicates the pathogen was likely spread through diseased cuttings provided by propagators. Additionally,knowledge surveys revealed most hop growers cannot accurately differentiate between various hopsdiseases and most do not have the skills to be effectively selecting and using fungicides. • After three years of research on perennial ryegrass in northern Minnesota, researchers found thateconomically viable second year perennial ryegrass seed production is possible when using current winterhardy commercial varieties, proven agronomics, and correct residue management post first-year harvest.These results could have significant environmental and economic impact in northern Minnesota. • Two new dwarf tomato lines were chosen for further evaluation. During nutrient analysis it wasrevealed that one of them, MTX851, is not only dwarf and high yielding, but also a variety that producesfruits with better quality (higher protein and sugar) than previously released varieties. • Researchers identified how a plant infested with aphids can communicate with non-infested adjacentplants to turn on their natural defenses to reduce pest proliferation. The ultimate goal is to developtechniques to turn on natural plant defenses of non-infested plants to limit the need to use pesticides.



• Bee researchers developed a "blood test" for bees that indicates colony health and floral landscapequality within a two-mile radius of the colony. These blood tests provide an additional tool to assistbeekeepers and policymakers hoping to improve floral habitats and bee health. • A research study has revealed that certain atrazine-free weed management systems are comparablein performance to standard atrazine-containing systems. This confirms that non-atrazine alternativemanagement is possible near sensitive water areas or where label set-backs to protect water qualityrestrict the use of atrazine. • Our apple breeders have teamed up with University experts in robotics to develop crop monitoringdevices for apple orchards. Thus far, they have successfully developed a UAV system, along withnavigation and obstacle avoidance algorithms that allow them to fly in orchard rows in windy conditionsand an accurate apple detection and counting system using only camera input. • As mentioned last year, University breeders have released a new apple tree for commercializationpatented as MN55. We can now report that the apples from MN55 will be marketed as "Rave" nationallyand "First Kiss" in Minnesota. Extension. In 2016, Master Gardeners and horticulture educators and specialists responded to currentissues in growing while continuing to work in communities to create and support creative and welcominggreen places. This year, we report on the significant presence of Master Gardener volunteers inMinnesota, as well as the economic impact and industry growth spurred by cold-hardy grapes. TheUniversity of Minnesota played a significant role in the development of wineries and vineyards in theNorthern regions of the United States.Other activity in 2016 has focused on honey bees and wild bees, which pollinate more than 70 percent ofMinnesota's fruit and vegetables. Their value is estimated at $16 billion in U.S. farm income. Since 2007,an average of 30 percent of all U.S. bee colonies have died every winter due to disease, parasites, lack ofplant diversity, pesticides and a flowerless landscape. In response, Extension's Master Gardenersdisseminate information statewide about native plants and flowers that can support the bee population.The UMN's nationally recognized Bee Lab/Squad joined with two other universities in 2016 to launch theUS MiteCheck Interactive Map to share information among beekeepers about the varroa mite population, adestructive parasite. Two new sets of curriculum and teaching resources are helping Master Gardeners and Master Naturalistsaddress critical concerns. The "Water Wisely" curriculum addresses water waste in lawns and gardens.The "Pollinators and Native Plants" teaching package was developed and will be used by MasterGardeners and Master Naturalists in 2017 to educate the public on the issue of pollinator habitatpreservation and protection.2. Brief description of the target audience

Notably, in 2016 almost 7 percent of those served by Extension's horticulture team and its volunteers were persons of color. This reflects the team's strong efforts to bring volunteers and professionals to newneighborhoods and immigrant communities in the Twin Cities and throughout the state of Minnesota.Community gardens and parks are adding green space to communities, and they can be sustainedthrough local efforts because of Extension education. Audiences include:

1. Fresh market producers, including growers of fruits and vegetables for processing, the processingindustry, associated agribusiness turf professionals, nurseries and garden centers and landscapeprofessionals. Several of these groups have high numbers of new immigrants. 2. Consumers of horticultural information for yards, gardens and landscapes. These include audienceswhere information is needed in a timely fashion and those who want to build basic knowledge abouthorticulture and environmental stewardship over time. Community-based initiatives mobilize schools,neighborhoods and non-profit organizations to create and maintain green spaces. 3. Community volunteers who can educate and act to keep yards, gardens and green spaces healthy.




Three Minnesota Extension educators / specialists taught nine Integrated Pesticide Management webinarsthat are available on the eXtension website. A new pollinator conservation website managed by Extensionalso links to those nine webinars.







487422 9952171 62243 0Actual

20167


Actual:Year:

Patents listedRobotic Surveying of Fruit Plants: 15/131,745 - 4/18/16Sports of Honeycrisp Apple: B42-3-16A: 16-9001 - 8/31/2016Method to Measure Relative Utilization of Aerobic Glycolysis by Positional Isotopic Discrimination:62/352,165 - 6/20/2016Grape Vine Plant Named "Itasca": 62/387,956 - 1/11/2016Apple Tree Named "LJ-1000": 20160781.3 - 5/24/2016MN55 Apple Variety: 16-9056 - 12/13/2016Apple Tree Named "MN55": PP26,412 - 2/16/2016 (ISSUED)FF Rhododendron Plant Named "UMNAZ 493": PP26,600 - 4/12/2016 (ISSUED)FF Rhododendron Plant Named "UMNAZ 502": PP26,601 - 4/12/2016 (ISSUED)Apple Tree Named "MINNB42": PP26,64 - 4/26/2016 (ISSUED)




19 35 54Actual


Output Target



Output #1

● Number of workshops, classes and seminars that provide information to professionals in thecommercial horticulture industry.

Output Measure


Output #2

● Number of new horticultural crop varieties/genotypes sent out for additional industry testing.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 12





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Participants of Horticulture program events will achieve significant learning gains regardinghorticulture. (Target expressed as the percentage of participants who achieved learninggains.)

1

Participants of Horticulture program events intended to improve participant horticulturepractices will improve practices as a result of attending events. (Target expressed as apercentage of participants that changed one or more horticulture practice.)

2

Research will support new horticultural crops' growth.3

Volunteers will commit time to creating and improving Minnesota's green spaces, usingtraining and expertise from Extension educators. (Target expressed as number of volunteerhours committed by Master Gardeners this year.)

4

Horticultural research in cold-hardy grapes, and education to producers, has driven a newindustry in the Northern United States. (Outcome is the 2015 economic impact of cold-hardygrapes in Northern States.)

5

Research and Extension efforts to improve pollinator health will lead to new laws andregulations at the state level (expressed as the number of new laws, executive orders, orpolicies released).

6



1. Outcome Measures

Participants of Horticulture program events will achieve significant learning gains regardinghorticulture. (Target expressed as the percentage of participants who achieved learning gains.)

Outcome #1


1. Outcome Measures

Participants of Horticulture program events intended to improve participant horticulture practices willimprove practices as a result of attending events. (Target expressed as a percentage of participantsthat changed one or more horticulture practice.)

Outcome #2


1. Outcome Measures

Research will support new horticultural crops' growth.

Outcome #3



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 1


Issue (Who cares and Why)Minnesota has seen rapid growth in its wine industry, particularly in the past decade. To continuethis growth, vineyard owners are in constant need of new and better products and varieties toboost their industry and keep wine lovers interested.

What has been done



The University of Minnesota is recognized as having one of the top wine grape researchprograms in the country, with the goal of developing high-quality, cold-hardy, and disease-resistant wine grape cultivars. The wine grape breeding program began in the mid-70s, and in2000 an enology lab and research winery opened at the Horticultural Research Center.

Today more than 12,000 experimental vines are cultivated on 12 acres. Thousands of seedlingsare produced each year using a diverse genetic base that includes classic Vitis vinifera cultivars,quality French hybrids, and hardy, disease-resistant selections based on V. riparia, Minnesota'snative grape.

ResultsIn 2016, the University of Minnesota released Itasca, the first dry-white wine grape for northerngrowers. It will allow northern growers to offer white wines along the lines of sauvignon blanc andpinot grigio, the largest segment of the white wine industry, providing a huge boon to the industry.


KA Code Knowledge Area201 Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms204 Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest)205 Plant Management Systems

1. Outcome Measures

Volunteers will commit time to creating and improving Minnesota's green spaces, using training andexpertise from Extension educators. (Target expressed as number of volunteer hours committed byMaster Gardeners this year.)

Outcome #4


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 143408


Issue (Who cares and Why)Gardens and green spaces in communities and homes promote healthy landscapes, healthyfoods and healthy lives. While green spaces are trending across America culture, the skills tocreate and sustain green spaces are no longer a fundamental skill in communities. Trained



volunteers can fill that gap and strengthen skills among all community members so that gardensand green spaces are created and sustained.

What has been doneAfter training, Master Gardeners provide 50 hours of service in their first year, an additional 25hours annually, and participate in continuing education to maintain certification. Master Gardenersteach classes, answer inquiries, assist with county Horticulture Days, demonstrate horticulturetechniques in community and school gardens, teach youth, conduct media interviews, hold plantclinics at garden centers and farmers markets, and teach horticulture in hospitals, nursing homesand retirement centers.

ResultsIn 2016, a total of 2,371 volunteers provided 143,408 hours of time to community education, theequivalent of 68.95 full-time employees. They reached 151,287 adults, 59,519 youth, and 36,696individuals from under-represented audiences. Minnesota Master Gardeners were involved with105 community gardens and 56 school-based gardens. Their effort resulted in 12,832 pounds ofproduce donated to food banks and pantries.


KA Code Knowledge Area102 Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships132 Weather and Climate204 Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest)205 Plant Management Systems211 Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants213 Weeds Affecting Plants

1. Outcome Measures

Horticultural research in cold-hardy grapes, and education to producers, has driven a new industryin the Northern United States. (Outcome is the 2015 economic impact of cold-hardy grapes inNorthern States.)

Outcome #5



3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual



2016 539200000


Issue (Who cares and Why)Rural economies need to diversify. Commodity agriculture no longer spurs strong employment.Tourism, local foods and new horticulture products support economic diversification.

What has been doneCold-hardy grapes contribute a new agricultural product to the Northern U.S. In the mid-1990s,the University of Minnesota, along with other private and public breeders, began releasing thesegrape varieties. As a result, vineyards and wineries across the northern region are developing anindustry that combines product sales with tasting experiences, events venues and more. The firstexamination of the economic impact and industry status of vineyards and wineries of the northwas conducted in 2013. It was updated in 2016.

ResultsIn 2016, Extension's economic analyst examined the economic impact and the industry progressof cold-hardy grapes and wineries in 11 states. Comparing 2011 results to 2015 showed anoverall shift from a young, fast-growing industry to a mature one. The industry generated anestimated 539.2 million of economic activity in these states. This is a 34 percent growth over2011. Wineries generated nearly half of this economic contribution. Employment in the industrygrew by 24 percent between 2011 and 2015, representing a shift from volunteer to paid labor. Aleader in this industry, University of Minnesota grapes account for 52 percent of the red varietycold hardy grapes examined in this study, and 65 percent of white varieties.


KA Code Knowledge Area102 Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships204 Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest)

1. Outcome Measures

Research and Extension efforts to improve pollinator health will lead to new laws and regulations atthe state level (expressed as the number of new laws, executive orders, or policies released).

Outcome #6



3a. Outcome Type:





Year Actual

2016 1


Issue (Who cares and Why)Insect pollinators provide essential services to growers of US fruits, vegetables, nuts and seedsand honeybees are their star performer accounting for over two-thirds of the agricultural outputattributed to insect pollination. But since the mid-2000s honeybees have been struggling tosurvive and beekeepers have had to resort to costly management tools to keep their hives going.

What has been doneThe University of Minnesota is a national leader in research and extension related to honeybeemanagement and health. In recent years, groundbreaking research has been conducted onhygienic bees and other non-chemical ways to improve pollinator health. Extension programshave included outreach to both beekeepers and green space lovers on how they can protect theirhives and positively impact colony health.

ResultsAt the 2016 Minnesota State Fair Governor Dayton announced an executive order (Executive 16-07) that will make Minnesota a leader in protecting pollinators. The executive order outlines actionsteps for state agencies to minimize the negative impact on bees and other insect pollinators.

Policymakers plan to work closely with farmers, commercial gardeners, and homeowners to refineand put the any new standards into effect.


KA Code Knowledge Area102 Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships205 Plant Management Systems211 Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants



Brief Explanation


Evaluation Results



Extension has evaluated, over time, the effectiveness of trained citizens to teach and guide fellowcommunity members as they grow and sustain lawns, gardens and community green spaces.Carefully designed training, and ongoing in-services, is mobilizing thousands of volunteers everyyear. Program leaders track volunteers' yearly efforts and track some of the majorinfluences volunteers have in communities. In 2016, a total of 12,371 volunteers provided 143,408 hours of time to community education, theequivalent of 68.95 full-time employees. They reached 151,287 adults, 59,519 youth, and 36,696individuals from under-represented audiences. Master Gardeners were involved with 105 communitygardens and 56 school-based gardens. Their effort resulted in 12,832 pounds of produce donated tofood banks and pantries. A 2016 study also examined the impact of the vineyards and winery industry in 11 Northern sates. In2016, Extension's economic analyst examined the economic impact and the industry progress ofcold-hardy grapes and wineries in 11 states. Comparing 2011 results to 2015 showed an overall shiftfrom a young, fast-growing industry to a mature one. The industry generated an estimated 539.2million of economic activity in these states. This is a 34 percent growth over 2011. Wineriesgenerated nearly half of this economic contribution. Employment in the industry grew by 24 percentbetween 2011 and 2015, representing a shift from volunteer to paid labor. A leader in this industry,Minnesota grapes account for 52 percent of the red variety cold hardy grapes examined in this study,and 65 percent of white varieties.


Extension. In 2016, a total of 2,371 Extension volunteers provided 143,408 hours of time tocommunity education, the equivalent of 68.95 full-time employees. They reached 151,287 adults,59,519 youth, and 36,696 individuals from under-represented audiences. Master Gardeners wereinvolved with 105 community gardens and 56 school-based gardens. Their efforts resulted in 12,832pounds of produce donated to food banks and pantries. In 2016, Extension's economic analyst examined the economic impact and the industry progress ofcold-hardy grapes and wineries in 11 states. Comparing 2011 results to 2015 showed an overall shiftfrom a young, fast-growing industry to a mature one. The industry generated an estimated 539.2million of economic activity in these states. This is a 34 percent growth over 2011. Wineriesgenerated nearly half of this economic contribution. Employment in the industry grew by 24 percentbetween 2011 and 2015, representing a shift from volunteer to paid labor. A leader in this industry,Minnesota grapes account for 52 percent of the red variety cold hardy grapes examined in this studyand 65 percent of white varieties. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• MnDRIVE • Rapid Agricultural Response Fund • USDA- NRI • Extension MacArthur Fellowship • USDA-OREI • USDA-SARE • Specialty Crop Block Grant





Agricultural Business Management




KACode


%1890Extension

%1862Research

%1890Research


20%602 Business Management, Finance, andTaxation 50%

20%603 Market Economics 0%10%604 Marketing and Distribution Practices 0%10%610 Domestic Policy Analysis 0%

Total 100%100%


Year: 20161862 1862

Extension

1890

Research

1890

Plan 7.1 0.07.40.0



ResearchExtension


1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

1890 Matching

1890 All Other

1862 Matching

1862 All Other

814724

2554185

1075066 0

0

0 193790 0

1514105 0

3103381 0




Extension. Through educational events, consultations and online resources, Extension'sAgricultural Business Management programs provide education about farm business transfer and estateplanning, agriculture tax issues, land rent data, machinery management, strategic planning and businessplanning, earning a living on a modern farm, current events in agricultural business management andagricultural lending. In 2016, efforts shifted to the development of new, responsive focus areas. The team developed threenew program areas:

1. Taking Charge of Your Finances: How to Survive and Thrive. Interactive and in-depth workshopsprovide financial tools that help agricultural business managers make better management and financingdecisions. 2. Leadership for Successful Employee Management, a new labor management program, wasdeveloped in 2016 and will be launched in 2017. 3. Women in Agriculture. This program provides education while generating network connectionsamong women that enhance leadership and strengthen management and production abilities. This year, Extension is reporting its impacts in increasing the profitability of producers and protecting theirassets during this time of profits being lowered by the market. MAES. Research reported under this program focuses on improving the sustainability and profitability ofMinnesota's food system. A particular focus is on assisting small and medium-sized farms and discoveringnew technologies to help optimize agricultural systems. Research highlights for 2016 include:

• A five-year multi-regional assessment of precision zonal management (PZM) in cereal productionsystems has demonstrated that PZM constitutes high-performance conservation tillage that is superior toother conservation tillage options for the upper Midwest and Eastern Corn Belt. • A new model was developed to analyze the effect of federal crop insurance programs on farmeradoption of pesticide resistance management. It is now being used to explore alternative ways to redesignthese insurance programs to promote increased pesticide resistance management efforts. • A study looking at the effectiveness of a commercial fly trap (TRAP) in organic dairy productionsystems found TRAP was effective in reducing horn fly numbers on cows and reducing horn fly growthrates during the pasture season but it did not improve milk production. • Researchers developed an additional six decision case studies on the decision to transition to organicproduction systems. In total, nine case studies have been completed with plans to add more on areasfarmers having indicated they encountered problems including marketing and business planning. • A research study comparing emergency grazing options for horse pastures and alternative options forextending the forage season discovered horses preferred winter wheat, annual ryegrass, and springwheat. Of these, annual ryegrass was the highest yielding option making it a good choice for horse ownerslooking to extend the grazing season or in need of emergency forage during the summer and fall seasons.


Target audiences for Ag Business Management programs continue to include:

• Minnesota farmers who are facing life or business transitions • Farm business management associations • Agricultural leaders



• Other agricultural professionals (e.g., crop consultants) • Farm business management educators • State and federal policymakers In 2016, a new focus on women involved in agriculture shifted outreach and recruitment efforts.









9585 128465 2 0Actual

20160


Actual:Year:

Patents listed




1 20 21Actual


Output Target

Output #1

● Number of educational events.

Output Measure

Year Actual2016 161





O. No. OUTCOME NAME

Participants of Agricultural and Business Management workshops and conference sessionsintended to improve business management practices will significantly improve managementpractices as a result of attending the program. (Outcome is the percentage of participantsthat change one or more of their business management practices as a result of attending aneducational event.

1

Participants of program will increase profitability as a result of decisions made with Extensioninformation. (Outcome is a dollar amount of profitability made by the program.)2

Informed decisions by farm managers will protect the business and personal assets ofproducers.3



1. Outcome Measures

Participants of Agricultural and Business Management workshops and conference sessionsintended to improve business management practices will significantly improve managementpractices as a result of attending the program. (Outcome is the percentage of participants thatchange one or more of their business management practices as a result of attending an educationalevent.

Outcome #1


1. Outcome Measures

Participants of program will increase profitability as a result of decisions made with Extensioninformation. (Outcome is a dollar amount of profitability made by the program.)

Outcome #2


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 151828786


Issue (Who cares and Why)About 90,000 land owners and dairy producers produce food in Minnesota. These producersmake difficult management decisions that must respond to market forces, public policy shifts andpersonal life circumstances. Focused education and research from Extension can inform thesedecisions. In 2016, these market forces include dramatic price drops for commodities andfluctuating rental value for farmland.

What has been doneExtension educators and faculty delivered educational programming and disseminatedinformation to support the profitability of agricultural business managers in 2016. For example,Extension organized marketing groups of farmers who agree to work together over an extendedtime period to market the agricultural products they produce. Also, land rent workshops assurethat land rental markets remain viable.

Results



Extension marketing groups generated revenue in surplus of income to meet expenses and coverthe costs of family living by an average of $68,066 per farm. With 55 farm operations involved inthe groups, total positive revenue streams reached $3,743,630 due to Extension efforts. Inaddition, 5 percent of Minnesota corn and soybean acres were represented by attendees at theland rent workshops. Based on participants' responses (both farmers and landlords), the totalrental value of farmland affected by Extension education would be $148,085,156. These dollarscirculate through the 63 counties where the participants work and live. The quantitative outcomeabove represents a sum of these two program outcomes.


KA Code Knowledge Area602 Business Management, Finance, and Taxation603 Market Economics604 Marketing and Distribution Practices

1. Outcome Measures

Informed decisions by farm managers will protect the business and personal assets of producers.

Outcome #3


● 1862 Extension

3a. Outcome Type:



Year Actual

2016 45462000


Issue (Who cares and Why)The business and personal assets of those who produce the world's food supply are threatenedby critical issues, such as long-term health care and succession planning, especially as babyboomers age.

What has been doneExtension educators and faculty have designed and routinely deliver educational workshops thathelp producers create long-term health care plans as well as farm transition and estate plans. In2016, evaluation data was collected to understand the impact of long-term planning for 27 farmunits.



ResultsBased upon follow-up evaluation sent three months after the long-term health care workshop,participants stated they developed and implemented long-term health care plans. They reportedthat these plans protect an average of $1,162,000 in assets per participant. Range in self-reported asset amounts for the five participants reporting was $500,000 to $1,810,000. Thisoutcome represents $7,236 worth of financial impact for every dollar in program costs. Farmtransition and estate planning workshops showed that 22 farm units implemented transition plans.Total asset value self-reported by participants was $44.3 million. A total of $9,321 of financialimpact was generated for every dollar of program cost.


KA Code Knowledge Area602 Business Management, Finance, and Taxation


External factors which affected outcomes● Economy

● Competing Public priorities

Brief Explanation

Ag Business Management programs focused on the development of new program offerings toaddress challenges in farm profitability in 2016. These efforts replaced the high-volume efforts placedon farm bill education done in 2015. Therefore, program outputs related to program participants werehalved.


Evaluation Results

Extension's agriculture business management team routinely conducts follow up evaluation ofparticipants to monitor how education impacted their farm management decisions. As dollar valueimpacts on profitability and asset management are assessed, program managers are assured thatproducers are able to continue to feed the world. In 2016, evaluations related to profitability and asset management demonstrated that investment inExtension programs resulted in more than $197 million of impact.


In 2016, evaluations related to profitability and asset management demonstrated that investment inExtension programs resulted in more than $197 million of impact for farm managers and foodproducers. MAES. Examples of non-NIFA research funds and grants leveraged by PIs in this program are:

• Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR) • USDA-AFRI



• USDA-SARE



VI. National Outcomes and Indicators

1. NIFA Selected Outcomes and Indicators

Childhood Obesity (Outcome 1, Indicator 1.c)

0 Number of children and youth who reported eating more of healthy foods.

Climate Change (Outcome 1, Indicator 4)

6 Number of new crop varieties, animal breeds, and genotypes whit climate adaptivetraits.

Global Food Security and Hunger (Outcome 1, Indicator 4.a)

Number of participants adopting best practices and technologies resulting inincreased yield, reduced inputs, increased efficiency, increased economic return,and/or conservation of resources.

2020

Global Food Security and Hunger (Outcome 2, Indicator 1)

Number of new or improved innovations developed for food enterprises.8

Food Safety (Outcome 1, Indicator 1)

Number of viable technologies developed or modified for the detection and5

0 Number of farmers who adopted a dedicated bioenergy crop

Sustainable Energy (Outcome 3, Indicator 2)

Sustainable Energy (Outcome 3, Indicator 4)

Tons of feedstocks delivered.0


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