LIVE POLL

Lifting slings are required to be visually inspected in accordance with OSHA 1910.184 and ASME

B30.9 when?

LIVE POLL

Lifting slings are required to be marked with what

information?

Tim Klein

Below the Hook Lifting –Slings and Hardware

Below the Hook Lifting –Slings and HardwareTimothy W. Klein, PEDirector of Global Engineered FabricationsWireCo WorldGroup

AGENDA

• Introductions

• Terminology

• Rigging standards

• Rigging products

• Applications

• The basic rigging plan

• Inspection

Why are we here?• Safety • Crane and Rigging Accidents

– 12 construction workers were killed in lifting / crane-related incidents in 2015, according to The Center for Construction Research and Training.

• OSHA regulations and standards

• Because we care about you, your co-workers, and your families.– Everyone is entitled to go home from work, EVERY DAY!

OBJECTIVE

29 CFR Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (OSHA Standards)

1910; Occupational Safety and Health Standards

• Subpart N: Materials Handling and Storage– 1910.179 - Overhead and

gantry cranes.

– 1910.180 - Crawler locomotive and truck cranes.

– 1910.184 - Slings.

1926; Safety and Health Regulations for Construction

• Subpart N: Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors – 1926.251 - Rigging equipment

for material handling.

– 1926.550 - Cranes and derricks.

LIFTING REGULATIONS – SLINGS

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

• Standards• B30.9: Slings• B30.10: Hooks• B30.16: Overhead Hoist Under-hung• B30.20: Below the Hook Lifters• B30.21: Lever Hoist• B30.26: Rigging Hardware

LIFTING REGULATIONS – SLINGS

The following pictures are of a crane incident that occurred in the Netherlands at Shell's Antwerp Refinery. During a major turnaround, fan tubes were being lifted using a tube tray. During the lift and while the tube tray was directly over the crane operator's cab, the tube tray deviated from horizontal and the fan tubes slid off and plunged like arrows into the operator's cab. Note that the tubes were not properly secured to the tray during the lift operation. The attached pictures show the condition of the operator's seat just after the accident. The pictures tell the tale.

CRANE INCIDENT

This is a reminder to take all "lifts” seriously, from the lightest and least complex to the heaviest and most complex. Proper rigging and securing of loads SAVES LIVES.

Post script – Amazingly (and thankfully), the operator suffered only minor scratches in one leg.

CRANE INCIDENT

Definition of Terms

TERMINOLOGY – SLINGS

TERMINOLOGY – SLINGS

Overhead Lifting

• “Process of lifting that

would elevate a freely

suspended load to such a

position that dropping a

load would present a

possibility of bodily injury

or property damage.”

TERMINOLOGY – SLINGS

Overhead lifting refers to an object raised more than six feet above the ground.

1. True

2. False

Rated Capacity (R.C.)Working Load Limit(W.L.L.)

• The MAXIMUM load that shall be applied in direct tension to undamaged straight length of a sling or hoisting equipment

• rated load: the maximum allowable working load established by the sling manufacturer. The terms “rated capacity” and “working load limit” are commonly used to describe rated load.

TERMINOLOGY – RC

The Rated Capacity is ____ of the rigging equipment.

1. Less than the breaking strength

2. Equal to the breaking strength

3. Greater than the breaking strength

TERMINOLOGY – RC

TERMINOLOGY – DF

Design Factor• A ratio of the breaking strength

to the working load limit

• Example: If a wire rope sling has a breaking strength of 28,400# and a W.L.L. of 5,680#; it would have a design factor of 5:1

TERMINOLOGY – RC

Design Factor

Component

Minimum Design Factor

Nylon rope sling 5:1

Polyester rope sling 5:1

Polypropylene rope sling 5:1

Alloy steel chain sling 4:1

Wire rope sling 5:1

Metal mesh sling 5:1

Synthetic web sling 5:1

Synthetic round sling 5:1

Alloy Steel Chains are the only Lifting Slings with an allowable design factor of 4.

Minimum Breaking Force

• The MINIMUM amount of force a specified new rope must support.

TERMINOLOGY – RC

Minimum Breaking Force

TERMINOLOGY – RC

Rated Capacity (Working Load Limit)- All slings have rated capacities that specify the safe

working load limit of the sling

- The following are used to calculate the RC

- Splicing Efficiency

- Design Factor (5 is Standard)

- Type and Number of component parts in the sling

- Type of Hitch

- Number of Legs

- Diameter of Pin (or hook) over which the eye or body is rigged

- Angle at which the sling is used

- Hook or other end attachment rated capacity

TERMINOLOGY – RC

RC = (MBF x L x Sin A) x NSEDF

RC = Rated CapacityMBF = Minimum Breaking Force of ComponentL = Number of Sling LegsSin A = Trig sine of Smallest Horizontal AngleDF = Design FactorNSE = Nominal Splice Efficiency

TERMINOLOGY – CALCULATIONS

TERMINOLOGY – RC

1” 6x36 XIP IWRC – Eye-Eye Single Leg Sling

RC = (51.7 tons x 1 x Sin 90) x 0.95

5

RC = 9.8 tons

1” 6x36 XIP IWRC – 2 Legged Bridle

RC = (51.7 tons x 2 x Sin 60) x 0.95

5

RC = 17 tons

IDENTIFICATION

Who Are These People?

•Designated person

•Competent person

•Qualified person

OSHA Says…

• The term "designated" personnel means selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.

IDENTIFICATION

IDENTIFICATION

OSHA Says…

• Competent Person

• 29 CFR 1926.32(f) states: "Competent person" means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions, which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

• Qualified Person

• 29 CFR 1926.32(l) states: "Qualified" means one who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

• Section 9-0.3” Personnel Competence

• Persons performing the functions in this Volume shall meet the applicable qualifying criteria stated in this Volume and shall, through education, training , experience, skill, and physical ability, as necessary, be competent and capable to perform the functions as determined by the employer or employer’s representative.

ASME Says…

COMPETENCE

SECTION 9-0.3: PERSONNEL COMPETENCE

Persons performing the functions …..

SECTION 9-0.4: RIGGER RESPONSIBILITIES

• Riggers assigned to a load handling activity shall at a minimum be responsible for:

1. Ensuring the weight of the load and its approximate center of gravity have been obtained, provided or calculated.

2. Selecting the proper rigging equipment, inspecting it, and complying with the applicable operating practices according to the criteria of the applicable ASME volume (i.e., B30.9, B30.10, B30.20, B30.23, B30.26).

3. Ensuring the rated load of the rigging equipment as selected and configured is sufficient for the load to be handled, based on the number of legs, hitch configuration and effects of angles.

4. Properly attaching the rigging equipment to the hook, shackle, or other load handling device.

5. Ensuring that rigging equipment is adequately protected from abrasion, cutting or other damage, during load handling activities.

6. Rigging the load in a manner to ensure balance and stability during the load handling activity.

7. Knowing and understanding the applicable signals for the equipment in use.

8. Installing and using a tag line(s) when additional load control is required.

COMPETENCE

Regardless of The Load You Hoist…

…Or What You Hoist It With…

1. Weigh and Measure

- Weight

- Distance

- Height

2. Use right hitch

- Connection to load

3. Choose right sling

- D/d

- Protection

4. Inspect sling

- Good working condition, OSHA & ASME

5. Rig up

- Connect to the Load, then Hook

6. Balance the Load

-Prevent: Point loads, slips

-COG

7. Test Rigging

- Lift Slightly and Re-check

8. Stand clear and lift

- Avoid areas between Sling and Load, Sling and Crane

- Keep clear of suspended load, Tag line

9. Avoid shock loading

- Slow and steady

10. Return to storage

- Inspect for damage

- Return to storage area

RIGGERS 10-STEP CHECKLIST

Determining Load Weight

• Actual or calculated weight of object or materials being lifted

• Include weight of rigging equipment and hardware

WEIGH AND MEASURE

• Actual weight obtained from engineering data, shipping papers, catalogs.

• Calculated weight based on common materials.• Volume of object

• Weight of material

• Reduced for air (voids)

WEIGH AND MEASURE

WEIGH AND MEASURE

Problem #1Size / Load – 4’x4’x16’Weight – 50 lbs/c.f.

1. 800#

2. 2,400#

3. 4,800#

4. 12,800#

256 c.f. x 50#/c.f. = 12,800#

WEIGH AND MEASURE

Problem #2Size / Load – OD - 4’, ID - 3’, Length - 16’Weight – 150 lbs/c.f.

1. 1,415#

2. 3,150#

3. 9,900#

4. 39,565#

WEIGH AND MEASURE

Problem #2• Outside Diameter

• 3.14 x (4 x 4 x 12) / 4

• 150.72 Cu. Ft.

• Inside Diameter

• 3.14 x (3 x 3 x 12) / 4

• 84.78 Cu. Ft.

• Total Volume

• 65.94 Cu. Ft.

• 66 cubic feet of concrete

• 150 pounds per cubic foot

• 66 x 150

• TOTAL WEIGHT• 9,900 pounds

WEIGH AND MEASURE

1. 120#

2. 140#

3. 240#

4. 480#

Problem #3Size / Load –Length - 3’, Width – 4’Weight – 20 lbs/c.f.

12 s.f. x 20 lbs/sq. ft. = 240#

WEIGH AND MEASURE

SLINGS SHALL BE SELECTED HAVING SUITABLE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE TYPE OF LOAD, HITCH, AND ENVIRONMENT.

WHEN USING MULTIPLE LEG SLINGS, THE RATED LOAD FOR THE SLING LEG SHALL NOT BE EXCEEDED IN ANY LEG OF THE MULTIPLE LEG.

FOR MULTIPLE LEG SLINGS WITH NON-SYMETRICAL LOADS, AN ANALYSIS BY A QUALIFIED PERSON SHOULD BE PERFORMED TO PREVENT OVERLOADING OF ANY LEG.

SELECTING A SLING

•Vertical

SLING HITCH

SLING HITCH

• Vertical

•Choker

SLING HITCH

- Set the sling angle to >120°for a full load rating

- Improperly setting the choke can reduce the load rating by as much as 50%

SLING HITCH

Never have the pin against the live line in a choker. The pin must go through the bow of the sling.

SLING HITCH

• Vertical

• Choker

•Basket

SLING HITCH

SLING HITCH

SLING HITCH

Double Wrap Choker Hitches• EXCELLENT LOAD CONTROL FOR

LOOSE MATERIALS AND GRIP ON SMOOTH SURFACES

• 75-80% OF SINGLE LEG CAPACITY

• ANGLE OF CHOKE MUST BE GREATER THAN 120 DEGREES

• SLING WRAP MUST LAY SIDE BY SIDE

• DO NOT OVERLAP AT BOTTOM OF LOAD

LIFTING BRIDLES

Multi Leg Bridles

• 2-Leg Bridle

• 3-leg Bridle

• 4-leg Bridle

MULTI-LEG

WIRE ROPE BRIDLE SLINGS – 3 LEGS

IF THE LEGS ARE CLOSE TO THE SAME LENGTH AND ARE PROPERLY SPACED AROUND THE C.O.G. THE CAPACITY OF ALL THREE LEGS ARE AVAILABLE.

MULTI-LEG

WIRE ROPE BRIDLE SLINGS – 4 LEGS

EACH LEG MUST BE EQUAL IN LENGTHS AND EQUALLY SPACED AROUND THE C.O.G.

IF NOT THE SLING SHOULD BE RATED AS A 3 LEG BRIDLE FOR LIFTING CAPACITY.

MULTI-LEG

LOAD STABILITY

Load Stability

LOAD STABILITY

ANGULAR OR SIDE LOADING CAN OCCUR AT LOAD

SLING LENGTH AFFECTS HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE

60 DEGREE ANGLE IS BEST, 30 DEGREES IS WORST

AS THE SLING ANGLE BECOMES SMALLER THE LOAD IS

“CRUSHED” AND THE SLINGS WORK HARDER

THE FITTING AT LOAD CONNECTION SEE THE SAME

LOAD AS THE SLING

Rigging Triangle

LOAD STABILITY

CENTER OF GRAVITY

• Capture the Center-of-Gravity• When suspended an object will

always center itself under the lift point• Center the lift above the center of

gravity, not the physical center of the object• Calculating the C.G.

CENTER OF GRAVITY

CENTER OF GRAVITY

• Equally Spaced• Equal portions of the load

SLING ANGLES

SLING ANGLE CHART

Angle from

Horizontal[A]

S.A.F.[L ÷ H]

90° 1.000

60° 1.155

45° 1.415

30° 2.000

SLING ANGLES

MULTI-LEG

A 24-can case of beer weighs…

10 p

ounds

15 p

ounds

20 p

ounds

25 p

ounds

25% 25%25%25%

1. 10 pounds

2. 15 pounds

3. 20 pounds

4. 25 pounds

SLING ANGLES

Beer Facts• One can of beer weighs

13.1 ounces– 13.1 oz. x 24 cans = 314.4

oz.

• The cardboard box weighs 7 ounces – 314.4 + 7 = 321.4 oz.

• 321.4 oz. ÷ 16 oz. per pound

•20 pounds

SLING ANGLES

How much does it weigh?

SLING ANGLES

How heavy does it feel?

SLING ANGLES

Math and Rigging 101• Load Per Sling Leg

1. Divide the weight of load by number of legs

2. Measure angle between the legs of the slings and the horizontal plane.

3. Multiply the load per leg that you calculate in step 1 by the load factor for the leg angle you are using

WARNING: Slings shall not be used with horizontal angles less than 30°

SLING ANGLES

Load Factor Guideline

SLING ANGLES

SLING ANGLES

1. Total load is 1,000 lbs. divided by two legs – 500 lbs. load per leg if vertical lift.

2. Horizontal sling angle is 60 degrees

3. Multiply 500 lbs. by 1.154 load factor (from table) –577 lbs. actual load per leg

60°

SLING ANGLES

1. Total load is 1,000 lbs divided by two legs – 500 lbs. load per leg if vertical lift.

2. Horizontal sling angle is 45 degrees.

3. Multiply 500 lbs. by 1.414 load factor (from table) – 707 lbs. actual load per leg.

45°

SLING ANGLES

1. Total load is 1,000 lbs. divided by two legs – 500 lbs. load per leg if vertical lift.

2. Horizontal sling angle is 30 degrees

3. Multiply 500 lbs. by 2.000 load factor (from table) –1,000 lbs. actual load per leg

30°

RIGGING MATH

RIGGING MATH

• SLING TENSION IS A VERTICAL HITCH

RIGGING MATH

SLING TENSION IN VERTICAL BASKET HITCH

RIGGING MATH

• SLING TENSION IN 2-LEG BRIDLE HITCH

RIGGING MATH

• SLING TENSION IN 2 LEG BRIDLE HITCH – 60 DEGREES

RIGGING MATH

• SLING TENSION IN 2 LEG BRIDLE HITCH – 45 DEGREES

RIGGING MATH

• SLING TENSION IN 2 LEG BRIDLE HITCH – 30 DEGREES

RIGGING MATH

• SLING TENSION IN 2 LEG BRIDLE HITCH – 10 DEGREES

RIGGING MATH

RIGGING MATH / SLING ANGLES

SLING ANGLE PROTECTION

Sling Angles – Edge Protection• When edges are sharp or

abrasive• Sling damage may occur

• When sling angle become shallow.• Lateral loading may crush

object being lifted.

SLING ANGLE PROTECTION

SLING TYPES

What type of sling do I use?1. Steel Wire Rope Slings2. Chain Slings3. Synthetic Rope Slings4. Web Slings5. High-Performance Round Slings

SINGLE PART EYE-EYE SLINGS

- Mechanical Splice

- Hand Splice

SINGLE PART EYE-EYE SLINGS

SLING HARDWARE

Eye-Treatments

- Thimble type, Treatments, & Loose Hardware

FABRICATION USING WIRE ROPE CLIPS

• Do not use wire rope clips to fabricate wire rope slings, except where the application precludes the use of prefabricated slings and where the sling is designed for the specific application by a qualified person,

• Install wire rope clips according to the recommendations of the manufacturer or a qualified person,

• Do not use slings made with wire rope clips in a choker hitch,

• Regularly inspect clips to ensure that the recommended torque remains, and

• Inspect clips periodically for

• Wear

• Abuse

• Damage.

PROOFLOADING

Specifications per ASME B30.9 for lifting slings.

9-2.6.1 General

(a) Prior to initial use, all new swaged socket, poured socket, or turnback swaged eye type slings, and mechanical joint endless wire rope slings shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.

(b) Prior to initial use, all wire rope slings incorporating previously used or welded fittings and all repaired slings shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.

c) All other new wire rope slings are not required to be proof tested unless specified by the purchaser.

SLING INSPECTION

• AMSE B30.9 & OSHA 1910-184

• Daily visual

• Person Handling Sling

• Major Damage & Deterioration

• Kinks, Broken Wires, Crushing, Corrosion

• Regular Intervals

• Based on Sling use

• By a qualified person

• At least annually

• Record of Inspection

SLING INSPECTION

• All inspections shall be performed by a designated person. Any deficiencies identified shall be examined and a determination made by a qualified person as to whether it constitutes a hazard.

qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recognized degree or certificate of professional standing in an applicable field, or who, by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work.

SLING INSPECTION

9-2.9. 2 Initial Inspection

• Prior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired slings shall be inspected to verify compliance with the applicable provisions of this Chapter. Written records are not required for initial inspections.

9-2.9. 3 Frequent Inspection

• (a) A visual inspection for damage shall be performed each day or shift before the sling is used.

• Note: Slings used in severe or special service should be inspected before each use.

• (b) Slings found with conditions such as those listed in para. 9-2.9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person.

• (c) Written records are not required for frequent inspections.

SLING INSPECTION

9-2.9.4 Periodic Inspection

(a) A complete inspection of the sling shall be performed. Inspection shall be conducted on the entire length including splices, and fittings. Slings found with conditions such as those listed in para. 9-2.9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person.

(b) Periodic Inspection Frequency. Periodic inspection intervals shall not exceed 1 year. The frequency of periodic inspections should be based on

(1) frequency of sling use

(2) severity of service conditions

(3) nature of load handling activities

(4) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circumstances

(c) Guidelines for the time intervals are

(1) normal service — yearly

(2) severe service — monthly to quarterly

(3) special service — as recommended by a qualified person

(d) Documentation that the most recent periodic inspection was performed and shall be maintained.

(e) Inspection records of individual slings are not required.

SLING INSPECTION

1. Access to entire sling

2. Clean (do not remove rope lubrication)

3. Examine entire length

4. Fittings and End attachments

5. Identify area of heaviest wear and check removal criteria

6. Label and Identify all slings you’ve inspected

7. Keep Records of all inspections

8. Immediately destroy all rejected slings

9. Store in safe place• Away from: weather, heat, dirt

WHEN TO REPLACE YOUR SLING

Factors Affecting Wire-Rope Strength• Three major signs of loss of strength

• Flat spots worn on outer wires

• Broken wires

• reduction of rope diameter

• Other factors that can reduce strength• Bending the rope over a curved surface

• Temperature

• Corrosion and environment

• Rope fittings or terminations

WHEN TO REPLACE YOUR SLING

• Rated Capacity Tag • Missing or illegible

• Broken Wires• Single part

• 5 in 1 and 1• 10 in all in 1

• Multi-part

• Metal Loss• 1/3 of original diameter outer wires

• Distortion• Kinking, crushing, birdcaging

SLING IDENTIFICATION

• ASME B30.9

• All wire rope slings shall be identified with

• Manufacturer

• Rated load

• Diameter or size

• Tag Replacement

• Sling Manufacturer or qualified person

• Marked to identify repairing agency

CHAIN SLINGS

Multiple Types of Chain- Grade 30 Proof Coil Chain – NOT for Lifting- Grade 43 High Test Chain – NOT for Lifting- Grade 70 Transport Chain – NOT for Lifting- Grade 80 Alloy Chain

– Recommended for Lifting- Grade 100 Alloy Chain

– Recommended for Lifting

CHAIN SLINGS

Which Chain Grade Should Be Used for Which Type of Application?Alloy Chain Grade 80 or Grade 100 should be used for overhead lifting. ASTM states that alloy chain shall be able to elongate a minimum of 20% before fracture (7.3.5). To ensure that alloy chain consistently meets this requirement, ASTM requires the use of certain alloying elements in the manufacturing of the steel for alloy steel chain. These alloys can vary from company to company, but some key requirements are specified by ASTM. The alloy properties also improve the wear and tear that the chain will experience. Note that when chain is in use, no amount of stretch is allowed.

• Elongation shall not be less than:– 20% for Grades 80 and 100;

– 15% for Grades 30, 43, 70, and Stainless;

– 10% for Machine, Coil, and Passing Link chain.

SYNTHETIC SLINGS

Synthetic Slings- Know what you are using!

SYNTHETIC SLINGS

•Endless Loop ( EN)

•Eye and Eye (EE) —Type 3 Flat eye is the most popular for all three hitch styles

—Type 4 Twisted eye is more commonly used for choker hitch

SYNTHETIC SLINGS

INSPECTION of synthetic slings is critical to remove damaged slings.

HOOK RETIREMENT

• ASME B30.10• Cracks, Nicks, Gouges• Wear exceeding 10% of Sectional Dimension• Any Visible Apparent Bend or twist• Increase in throat > 15%• Missing Latch • Heat Exposure• Replacement parts

• At least equal to original• Repair

• Qualified person

HOOK RETIREMENT

HOOK RETIREMENT

Hook Hazards

• Attachments should never be field welded to a hook

• Heat should not be applied in an attempt to reshape a hook• Can reduce strength of hook

• Could result in hook failure at loads lower than the rated load

• If handles or attachments are required they should be obtained from the hook manufacturer

HOOK RETIREMENT

Purpose of a latch?• Purpose is to retain slings in the hook

• Not intended to support the load

• Should be sturdy enough to retain the sling if the moving load should catch on something

• Latches are used to close the throat opening

• Must be provided on hoist and crane hooks

HOOK RETIREMENT

Reasons For Removing a Hook From Service • Hook throat has increased by more

than 15%

• Wear exceeds 10% of the original hook section dimension, or there is a bend or twist of more than 10% from the plane of the unbent hook

• Hook shows cracks, excessive nicks, or gouges

HOOKS - SORTING

- Sorting hooks are designed to sort materials – commonly flat plates, sheet piles, straight beams and round pipes in a lay downarea. Other uses include off-loading trucks and rolling structural shapes. The intent is to have the loads engaged fully into the throat of the hook. The following are guidelines for the safe use of the hooks on our project sites:

1. Know the weight of the load and the capacity of the rigging – including the hook. The hooks that

are used are normally rated for 7.5 tons in the throat of the hook.

2. There is also an allowance for loading the hook further towards the tip. If the load is not engaged into the

throat of the hook the load limit is reduced to 2 tons, however the load cannot be closer than 2” from the hook tip.

3. Hooks must be attached to the load in a manner that maintains a level, balanced and stable

condition throughout the sequence of the lift.

4. Use only wire rope slings for attachment to the hook if sling contacts load.

5. If using sorting hooks with synthetic slings, add extra shackles at hooks so sling doesn’t contact load.

6. Materials shall not be lifted over head with sorting hooks. A positive connection must be used – i.e. a latching hook, chokedslings, etc. for items being lifted over head.

7. Tension must be maintained at all times during the lift so that the hooks do not disengage.

8. The sling angles shall not be greater than 45º from horizontal to maintain the allowable 7.5 ton

hook capacity. At angles greater than 45º the force attempts to tip load and spread the hook. If

the angle is greater than 45º then the capacity is reduced to 2 tons provided the limitations in item #2 are also met.

9. Side loading of the hooks will not be allowed.

HOOKS - SORTING

Sorting Hooks- Bent

- Corroded

SHACKLES

SHACKLES

- Used as a connecting link between items

- Strap to hoist ring or eyebolt

- Strap to strap

- Used as single attach point for multiple straps

- Load rating based on:

• Size

• Material

- Many different types and sizes

SHACKLES

SHACKLE - IDENTIFICATION

SHACKLES – FIELD REPAIR

Is this shackle suitable for use?

1. Yes

2. No

SHACKLE - USE

TAG LINES

•Wind• Tag lines shall be used

unless their use creates an unsafe condition [OSHA 1926.550(g)(6)(iii)]

Tag lines are only required when winds exceed 20 mph

1. True

2. False

TAG LINES

WHY DO WE USE TAGLINES? TO HELP CONTROL LOADS/MATERIALS SUCH AS:• Controlling loads in windy conditions.• To keep long materials from swinging into the crane booms.• To keep loads/materials from swinging into power lines.• Maneuvering loads through or around tight spaces.• Anytime when working around traffic and pedestrians.• When performing steel erection.• When hoisting close to or onto scaffolds.• When hoisting suspended personnel platforms, if appropriate.• When a rotation of the load would be hazardous.• When working on any site when MSHA rules apply (tag lines on all loads).

TYPES OF MATERIALS USED AS TAGLINES:• Nonconductive line: dry polypropylene rope (when used around power lines).• Do not use electrical extension cords, wire, air hoses or lanyards used for fall protection.• No loops, hooks or knots on the ends of taglines (they tend to catch on items).

TAG LINES

LENGTH OF TAGLINES:• Short enough so as not to get tangled on items being lifted over.• Long enough to handle bulky/long loads from the ground (100% control).• Long enough to control a load when landing.

SECURING TO LOADS:• Use knots that can be easily untied.• Can use snap hooks on end of tagline to secure to load.• Tie to bolt holes in steel, to rigging on loads, or wrap around the loads.

HANDLING TAGLINES:• Do not wrap the tagline around your hands, arms or body (You may find yourself going up with the load. For the reason, you cannot unwrap the line as fast as the load was being lifted.)• May need 2- taglines to control the loadExample: Have a tagline on each end of a girder where one team member would be pulling in one direction and the second team member would guide the load in a different direction.• May need to wrap a tagline around a fixed object to control or secure the line.

HAND SIGNALS

Standard hand signals

HAND SIGNALS

Standard Hand Signals

RIGGERS 10-STEP CHECKLIST

6. Balance the Load

-Prevent: Point loads, slips

-COG

7. Test Rigging

- Lift Slightly and Re-check

8. Stand clear and lift

- Avoid areas between Sling and Load, Sling and Crane

- Keep clear of suspended load, Tag line

9. Avoid shock loading

- Slow and steady

10. Return to storage

- Inspect for damage

- Return to storage area

1. Weigh and Measure

- Weight

- Distance

- Height

2. Use right hitch

- Connection to load

3. Choose right sling

- D/d

- Protection

4. Inspect sling

- Good working condition, OSHA & ASME

5. Rig up

- Connect to the Load, then Hook

LAST QUESTION

Who is responsible for safe rigging?

OSHA

ANSI

Com

petent p

ers...

Every

one assoc..

.

25% 25%25%25%

1. OSHA

2. ANSI

3. Competent person

4. Everyone associated with the movement of the load

SLING - WARNING

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

Questions???