-1opment of human rcloUnxs h d m m t pone area of BUapur diavict is the matter of concern to socLl r h t l r t s including

papuhtion geogaphm There is an uneven growth and

concentration of population in diffmnt talukas of Bijapur district.

The pressure of population on land and its resources has posed an

array of problems of economic, mchl and political concern. The

geographer is naturally involved in dealing with the problems in the

study region and their inhabitants.

Man plays .the dual role of producer and consumer of resources.

As a resource creating factor, man contributes his labour primarily

mental and secondary physical. With the aid, 'advice and conacntw of

nature, he builds up a culture only to makc his production efforts

more effective. His aspirations, giving him the uniqueness, provide

him with aim and purpoac, the size of population in on are gives as a broad idea of the nature and the extent of economic development of

the m a . The opinion could be vcntumd that the study of population

was one of the milcstoncs in the development of social sciences.

Population Geography was initiated by J.B.Garnier in the Brst half

of this century in France. Tmartha opened up this subject. Since

then the quality and quantity of population provided the essential

background of population Gtography, A rich hamst of population

geography as not yet bten reaped by the population gcographcrs,

because this is still in the formative stage.

In the recent decades, population ia multiplying by leaps and

bounds. This phenomenon is having it8 impact h every sphere of

human life of the society today. Human resourme 1s important to

study variou a social, political, economic and administrative problems.

In poli- I*ld the ~ t b m c a would be able 0 lmor with the help of popukhn data abut the rate at which the number of w e * both rm* and female, are incmahg and how the g n m t i o n

gap b gadudly influencing national and in^^ palitfes.

Bcddcs, data on piopulation can help in idmbiillng pcketa of hm

amcentration, what type8 of mmgcmmte will bc n d e d for

conducting elections, which are the axeas h m whero of

mulation take# plaee, catablishmcnt of ~.nmmional Paor and

pmspmity etc.,.

The importance of human rcmurecs in the economic feld

corn- a wide spctmm, it aids in framing economic pqpmmes

which can contribute, to economic development with the help of

population studies we ean know how far economic development is

keeping pace with the rate of growth in population, which helpe in

taking appropriate rnc.aaums to ovtrcomc imbalance between the two,

if any. Population f y n r iumirh information in occupational

pattern which helps in asacsaing the growth and modernisation of

the economy. Aa pointed out by Katherine Orgonski and A.F.K.

Orgonski, *If you wish to know how fast a nation is progressing in its

economic modernisation, look at the figures on uxupatlons, at the

pcrcenm of population enwed in agriculture, in industry and in

service".

Human resource studies alsm include the study of environmental

aspectr, becauac population growth and increasing consumption has resulted in rapid depletion of all kinds of reaourccs. Depletion of

rewurms i s moat significant in respect of non-renewable mineral and

power nsourcee. The world ia fiacing an cnew daiar as the dating

resources of oil may last a few decades through ccml rtmurctar and

within the diffemt poputtbn group. of the ditmct 'Ihe ratio of

tow population of dietrict L diatent imn that of either or rural to

urban po~uhtion. The population is thsifitd. on the ba*l of nligbus -ups which shows religious composition and +rial variation of =-ratio within its rural and urban components. The

study reveals that thm arc definite regianal patterns of db-ibut.bn

of ecx-ratio. Even the study at district level ah- -@ that n-

ratio vary the population groups b a d on religious as well aa urban composition. The smaller the population group, the water is the

range of variation of --ratio.

Employment is a baaic human need and poprktbn studies can help in locusfng attention on the dimcnaian of unemployment and

crnploymcnt which can be of uac in evolving nmcdial measures.

Information about per capita incomc of the ptople, coneumption and

production ttc., can be obtained b a& a result of ppulation study.

Fxonomie planning for development is gaining universal

acceptance, more particularly in the less developed nations as a 'Sine

Q u ininew of the country's progress and pmsptri ty. Planning involves

the optimum use of human and material rcaoums to subserve the

best interest of the nation. Planning without precise data about

population jpwth rates add it regional distribution would be like

putting the card before the ham. With the help of population figures

done the planning authorities would bc able to allocate resources to

thc various sectors of the Gconomy with a view to overcome regional imbalances. Food production targets and determination of the

pricri ties of dcvelopment cannot be undertaken without populsLion

figures. Population and food supply arc mutually bound up-t

~ m p r p o p ~ l ~ . t b n ~ d l e * ~ ~ ~ d & e o f p l m r l t l ~ . ~ a ~ house of cards.

The main objGctfvts of the p-nt study :- ,

The p e m t study is an attempt to asare# #rr# arspectar of devebpment of human rrmourrccar on drought' pronc a m of Bijepur

district in 7%e meIn objccbhFes me : 1) To study the gmmth, density and distribudtm of population.

2)To study the occupational stmcturc literacy, age & m mmposition of Eijapur d i e t .

3)To write e demographic account of &gIc vihgc : Kuligeri, Rndami TB1uka.

4) To write meanin@bl findings to mbe pmhkm8 of population in Bijapur district.

The main m u m of data for analysis is from census volume of

1951 to 1991 and other murceb. I have alao callmcd e lot of

literature from Bangdote Unkmity library and Population and

Economic Research Centre, Bangalore.

The methodology adopted is based on simple statistical analysis

and application of potential model. The map and dhqmxns drawn have helped the researcher to explain spatio-temporal variations of

population data. The fuld work method fa exhibited in the thesis by

way of writing a demographic account on Kuligcri (Rndami Taluka) .

The thesis is divided into 9 chapters viz., I) An over view of

literature. 11) Study Arca 111) Growth den- and distribution of

population. N) Occupational Structure. V) Literacy. VI) and Sex

camP-k.im. MI) Rcgbrul diaparitica : 8od.I. Boonomlc and

Demographic u p c t s . Vm) DGmographic account on KuIigcri village - A Ceac Study. IX) Summary and findings.

Bijapur district located h the northern m a . region of

Kamataka state ia an important district ccmdqg a hast area of

17,069 square ldlomcters. The whok of the d M is a of the

rain shadow region of North Kamatah. Them is uniformity of =mi- arid conditions in the entire district with 554 rnrn m t y annual

rainfall. The black mil is spmd cmr dl the Wukaar, whik red mil is

confined to the hill alopts that are found in the talulraer of Badami,

Bagdkot, Hungund and Jamkhandi. The fke riPcrs Kriehna, Dhone,

Malaprabha Ghataprabha and Bhima that drain in the district arc

not completely utilistd for the development of irrigation in the

district. Out of 83.09 pcreent (14,22,713 h-8) net sown area

10.84 percent (1,54,258 hectares) is under irrigation. Therefam rain

fed agriculture with poor productivity is the main stay of the economy

of people. Large number of livestock. fragmented landholdings' and

continuation of traditional farming methods arc some of the

typicalities of agriculture in drought prone are of Bijapur district.

About 1,268 viUage8 spread over 11 talukas of the district are of traditional villages performing subsistence typc of fanning except a few villages who art lucky enough to practiac irrigation along the

bank$ of the five riven# and canal watera of Malaprabha and

Ghataprabha (dams built across these rivers in the ncighbouring district of Belgaum). The 18 towns of the district arc taluka

headquarlem (1 I), and wrnt (7) are over grown rural central places engaged in acrviccs, trade and eammeree and few household

industries. The d i~tdc t with better development system of roads and

ttlccammunicatians has one meter gauge railway line connecting

~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ b l l i n m l ~ o f t h s ~ ~ ~ ~ --t -I and pafe$8imal &

md W O P p O ~ ~ t k . for the gJn d u a n tu d w , w b 41-54 p-t u- i~ The m t

industry in the town of m t , in

t ~ ~ ~ ~ a a d a f G I l r ~ n d n u t a i l p m d u c b g m i l b i n t b e - d ~ ~ r n u d h o l , n e b r l s l n d ~ , b a n d & x n n weaving d v i t y and its allied activities spmd aver in the towns of

Rabkavi-Banahatti, Guledgud, Bagakot, Hungund, Jamkhandi, 1- and a k w rural central place& and a g m b d d l gcalt

indus- and WtiIkr ahap haPc hught a d kind af chang;e in

tkmpatDaal m ~ o f a ~ t proncm)u* in&las t two decadca Othcmise, the district was dtcn used to face the

v m e s of auth-west manmna like drought and Poadr and its

conqumt d&ts W hanine, epidemics, sttmatb and exodus out- *tim of people, especlPlh( of labour class in search of

employment. The efforts done by state government for the intcptcd rural development have reached m&t of the villsgcs in Bijapur district. Consequently the well irrigation, tank irrigation and rural

employment during drought conditions have eased the tension of

peopk for their just datcnct.

The population of BIjapur district was 9,03,093 during 1901 has

been incrtascd to almost thrm times i.c., 29,18,829 by 1991. Except

for the decade 1921 the rest of the dtcades up to 1991 the p w t h of

population in Bijapur district has shown fm 9.25 percent to an increase of 21.66 percent by 1991. The male female ratio aa per

1991 census shows that there ate 955 female8 per thousand male in the district. The data from 1951 to 1991 s h m that females ratio irs

lemr than malts. Some talukas like Badami, Biligi, Hungund,

Muddcbihal and Mudhol ahow high female ratio than males. This situation may k due to scale migration of male population

towards urban centres and other flourishing talukas of Karnataka, in

search of jobs. Out of total population in 198 1, 4 1.6 1 pcnxnt was in

the age group of below 14 yeam. Out of which the ratio of male- female was almost game which indicates declining of mortality of

infant as a result of improvement in medical facilities as seen in the

most part of talukas. In the age gmup of 15 to 59 years age district

has 53.61 percent of its population in the year 198 1. In the age

group of 60 and above the Bijapur district had 5 percent of its

population. The age wise data shows that the population under adult

age group 53.6 1 % being highest is one way a very goad phenomenon

for the development of economy of the district, while at the same time

this age p u p is very responsible for future growth of population,

which needs extensive family planning education programme, to

enlighten their mind. ,

The urtmn growth of population b not uniform from 195 1 to 199 1,

mainly duc to chmgcs in the urban definition. During 1951 it was

26.t17 % of total population , in 1961 it was 18.87 %, during 1971 it

was 2 1.33 %, in 198 1 24.20 YO and considered as one of the indicator

of regional development, therefore, the district needs further

development af urban activities, so that the healthy growth of urban

functions may lead to urban population growth mostly in the form of

generation of new employment opportunities in the district of

I3ijapur.

The data of density of population explain that it is being increased

from 83. during 1951 to 172 per q. kms by 1991. donsidering the

available resources like irrigation potentialities, the fcftility of the mil

*caw di~trkt m w higher density of population. But, at the mame timc sit irJ very much pertinent t~ note that without an adquatc dtvclopment of economy of agriculture, - b a d

indu-, aunall scak industries, development of rural artiswanas and adequate mmb h for the population gawth has to faac

uncmpbymcntdiwcauuqmte&xta Tktalukadw-d

popuhtion aa pr 1991 rcvaL that Jamkhadi is h&ka& rW

289.52 $mplc square kms while the lowest is in the taluka of Sindgi with 127.78 peraons per squarc km. By and ,bgc the talukawisc

density of papulatibn explains that the lawer density talukas are

s u n C i r i n g f r o m p c r o r ~ y o f ~ u r r a n d indcquattacmke

f&dith ~ e n a . i t i s ~ t m ~ h a f ~ g h O U S d b e ~ k

the integrated dwebpment of such talukas.

The occupationd structure of population of Bijapur dishkt as per

198 1 shows that cultivators share prime position with 36.84 YO of the

total workers, while @cultural labourers share 32.68 %, the other

workers ;hare 13.19 % while p o p k en* in houachold industries

are only 7.29 %. The observation of the district in relation in relation

with its resources, distribution of settlements and its urban centres

warrants ua to pinpoint the economic growth around urban centres, rural c e n t d places and alao taluka places where by it may be

possible to increase employment opportunities related to other works and household industries. At the same time it is also important to

strengthen the agricultul'al economy of each village by way of

generating well irrigation as WGU as water shed management, ao that,

it may prwidc an assured crop system in the vilhgts, ca-tty it

may generate incread working houm/daye and capacity in the mgricultufal system of such village.

The literacy wapur district is gradually hmcahg from 27.46

% (1971). 32-84 % (1981) and 41.54 % (1991). The inerraaing appofiunitics and W t i c s for school wing children in the district

have given scope to reach the target of 41.09 %. But at the same

time there is on talulcaar v k : Jemlchnndi which shows only 7.88 % of l i t ecy mainly because of im.migation of large number of labour plpr~tition fm arrrouwkg t&lukear to wlork in the M a

The variation bctwecn malt-hmlc litemy in the distria is quite

1- as per 1991 census. The h- percent of mak literacy is

noticed in the m k o t taluk whik lowest female literacy 6.50 YO is in

Jamkhandi taluka. On an a- the k m l c literacy in the reat of

the 10 talukas is in the range of 26 % to 38 %. Thb reveals that the

kmak pclpuhtion has to k cnanr- iior Mer educatian

right from the school j@ng to adult age. The composition of

rum1 urban literacy during 1991 ansus shows that it was 39.78 %

in the mral papulation while in urban area it was 49 %. This also

shows that even in urban areas the literacy awarcneaos campaign is

very much needed. ~wc'rnment is putting all efforts to improve the

litctriicy in the whole state with so many means and WHYS.

The dcvclopmcnt of components of population not only depends in ts individual care but also in the total development of region and its

rarious economic sectom. In this direction the study on regional

lisparity is done on Chapter WI baaed on 1984 data with social, mnamic and demographic indicators reveal that Biligi is the moat

~ckward taluk while Bijapur is very high developed, Jamkhandi,

ungund, Indi, 6.Bagewadi and Wami as high devcloptd and

maining 4 talukas viz, Sindgi, Mudhol, Muddebihal and llagalkot

\ medium developed. Therefore, it is necessaq to bring an

~nomic development in the very low and mcditttn d ~ l o p e d and

high d m l o p e d Mukas, in order of priority. It is hoped that the reduction of regional disparities will givt fbrther m p e for the wcr all

development of demagmphic situation in the district. Based on the

t m d of papulation gruwth, fmm 1-1 to 1991 the pmjecdan aQ

p o p u w of eijapur c b t r h is cathrrabed to be 32 1 4 m by 200 1,

35Ji%m & mil. 39.73..- ty 32021. $43- @ m1.

*-.8&) ty 2041, 55,35,?71 by XS1. pkm spr

riffornusly to bring down the mulation m h in an the talukars,

The i n c m d awareness of the dangers of papulatian growth has to

k b n u g h t t o t k k n o w k d g c o t t k p c o p l e ~ I ~ a C t k ~ ~

d 1 4 t a $ O . T h c ~ c m i d c p n k ~ m m k i Z

m m x m x k a t p d ~ u c a t h d ~ i s ~ t o t k ~ d

adul- papulation. A g a d tducaticm can a naturrirl

mntrartptivc to d u c e the population m h . It is, at the same time

a \ r c l y ~ h t a d t o d i f f u s e t t K & ~ t m i n W ~ ~ ~

i t has k n structurrxl with several social dogmas.

Any gc:ogniphic;tl stutly will not tw cmrnpltrtc without examining

the situations ; k t gross n~ut r : Imtrl. 'rhcrcfow just onc village survey is

carried out hen: e n liuligcri, of Ihdami taluk. 1)uc to shortage of

financial resources on the part of this researcher and time constraint only one village is taken u p for its demographic analysis. Kuligcri

villwc located in thc foothill of dry rocky hill to the west of Badami town t ~ t H distance of about 17 kms is a small village with 935

pr~pu1;ltion as p:r author's survey carried out in June 1998. The

population of this villwe: in 197 1 was 645, in 198 1 it was 678 and in

1994 i t was 935. Thus by 1998 it has a n d 257 more people when

:ompared to 678 peoplc of 198 1. The percentage of female mpultltion was 51.93 % in 1971, 50.14 O/O in 1981 and 41.92 % in

loc)8, which shows u gradual decline of female population. Them are

shut 35 % ol people at liltmle, The economy d the dl@ b to be

impmvcd bakd on its agriculture. Man than 45 % of household8

lur in lmr middk c l a ~ and ala mother 47 K of hougholds are

under uppcr middk c h ~ whm mual ineomc b kbr L, W/b.

Thrrrlorc, it is vq much neecs~ay to i m p m tbc quPlity d lik of

~ 9 7 ~ c d h u ~ r h o ~ e n c n r i e p r a e ~ m m c o l

roaamiekvcbpw~tdtheirmuopthriPgicuhun.

The landlcsg population Jhould get pdequak W&I through out the

yw. Thus, this study of kekpmmt of Hum Remum in

Ihought h n e Atta - Hijapur Dh&& in KMIptplrn gives us the

WsslicntkclturescmOocbpPartdHlIKt&nIh#lm Ilia

hopdh~ i tw i l l ~uu ramcW~mrbc&~d

population aspccls of Bijapur disaict.