23
Tlle worll.er9 oW l'oetllow Po.,er l'lut .. ~ PnYlllee 1aa•e ._.......,~ eoaa.,.... W &Jae Jill8ldr7 ol ,_el ..,81&r>' for '&be.Ir ............ •-"~ ..... Ub•radoala~S a 75 per oea• re•.uoa ID 't,lae Jll't! • Ube~&lon
lpn for l••·al!Md b]r llae-
•• ••I as --di ....,e lo --••P--..t.
MARCH 19!52
U• SllM-e.bl, Cbalrma.a el the ...._Bonet Frimcbhip A.81oclaUcm. Mbemln.r & eelebr&Uon mffllnt held ln dlt &apl&al en t • nd ennl•narJ ol &be &loo-SoYlet Tr•lJ ol l'r1"adalllp, AUl&me and Dia.al A.ub&&.nce. SftM-d Id& lo rl1bl: m Chu·ju, uo Mo Jo and lJ Chi-dim. \-~ of Ule SID.Bemt Frlendlhlp "->elation, Ambamdor ao.cJlln, CJlo11 Ea-i..J. PHmlrr eDd Ml.DJalrr ol Forelp AJl'aln. Wa Y•-clla6 UMI Buq Yea·Jd. Vlce-ClaalrmcD el lho SIDG -S.•id Friendsblp A.aodaU.a, a.ad Cb.lea <: Rll· J1d, rdar7-Gatual
of the 81m-SoYld AIMda"oa
Celebration Treaty of
of the Second Anniversary of the Sino-Soviet Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
Celebration meelinp for the &eCOnd nnivem:iry o1 \he Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alli nee nnd Mutual Asslatance were hcld by people throughout the country on February 14 Amona those pr nt ot the meetings were members of the Sino-Soviet FriendShip ~tions, Government leaders nd reprcsentativ of the people's organisations.
Durin1 the pa t two years the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and !riutual Assi tancc has plnyt.'d n Important role in tepping up the construcuon of new China and in preserving peace in th Far East end all over th world. In the luture it will bring still realer benefit to th people of China and th Soviet Union and to the people of the whole world.
A mrmbf'r of 'be Chl.DrlC" P"p1e'a V0Ju&eu11 &ho... a deeoauatn.Uon 1qlWI where llM Anxrlc:aD pJaDe clrOpl)H ... load ot 1erm·tUIC11 ~
AMERICAN GERM WARFARE IN KOREA AID Cff llA J
In violation ol human justice and international law, th American ngg iv forces in Korea hav engaged in germ wart re at th front and in the rear, and over Chinese territory, with th aim of Jau htcrin on a lar&c scale the Korenn nd Chinese ~plc'a rorCC?l ond lh peaceful civilian population bolh In Korea · and China From January 28 to March 12 this year American military plan dropped large quantities of insect. carryin1 germs of bubonic plague, cholc:ro. typhoid and other infectious di over wide areas in
Korea nod over Chin territory in an area extendin1 from th Northeast to Tsingtao in ShanlUOB Province.
World opinion has been aroused and shocked by th.cse latest otrodlil'S of th American aggressors in Korea. Since Foreign Minister Chou En-lru'a protest of March 8, m of condemnation calling ror tho punishment of the war crunlnals responsible for thla crime against humanity have been received rrom all parts of the world.
(",um-laden aeaa and other lnncll dropped bJ lbe AJDerica.o alrforce
A labon&ol'J worker or tbe Cblnese People'• Vol1U1 · lffn &esW 10me l!Offlmena of tM- lnkcla for 1ums
VlllaJUI of Cbor~on ill Korea (iv• •Yt•wltaeu -.ccouta to C'blnHe medkal worken of the clropplDJ of lnfce&cd lmttta by Amtttcaa planet
Evidence of Baderiologicol Warfare Waged by the American Aggressors
A rerm bomb clroppN b1 U • alttnlt In Kore&, wbldt falle4 a. esplocle. (U la l.I metns lon,r, zt cm. IJ1 4iultwr, wel1ba 11 kllo1r&1111Des. and eontatm and1ll a~ .&nd other lnstt&a curyi~ vlralenl Mc&ttfa.) la order a. hide Uldr crlmJnaJ ue ot ~ wesgom. Uie American
a&Jremort 6t.Ubuakl1 adopi the ame deslp u a)Jl ve bomt.
Germ-faden fratben drvpprd l:zl ChlneM ~to17 by American alttnft. In addition lo Qtread.lnc rum-laden lmeds of clift'ettnl nrieUes Ute Amtrlcan anr ,.. ln their vile and Inhuman lrltthocla of warfare ...
cmplo1 other bactttla·lnfecied objecta
A 1nm ahf'll flttid b)' Amertcan troops Into a posflloo ladd b7 U.e t.;IUDe:le People'• \ 'ol1m1un on Ddpt ·o. In Korea al 9~ p.m, oo larcb 7, IBSZ. A swarm ot m and mosquitoes "ere roan4 Dear
&.be llbcll where U fell en the snow
A ~ bemb dropped b1 U.e Amc:ricaa •tl"tUQn Ill Korea.. wbkla breke ha&o two pan. ea rcach1ns' Uie rroaJMl •M rd
UPf'd• Coad OD Jllarcb I u KwanUcn. eaA Cll.Jna
A wlllte m waa 1Att>4 lnlraperitoncall7 th I.II a.c. of the
emllllloa o1 eae of the IJ)l4cn dro~d by Amertcan alrcntL Tbe wttblll tweln b 'l'beD U e.e. ot l I ca .mton was tnocalated
lDtraperttonaJJ1 Into t r 'White mo died a 4ay later. 6'.U-"'.-coplc aamlml.lloD pl en of the ml~ r vested the PrcSeuee of auacrou s&a1Ded lllpola.r 1aM:WJ f tbe Pukurclla fl'OllP, u lllown l:zl t.hcl
photomJcrorrapla
''
Gma&I Peq Tt'b•llu.I, Com.maadtt . , Ule Cla.IMM PHpl1'1 v.aamen., ,... &ate wall ·HW'lpaper "'Tb• f1fbUa1 Ftut el ..._, .. c41kd aDil writtea b7 U.. ......
THE FIGHTllG FRUIT OF ECOIOMY ,, Hard and simple living has
long been a tradition of the Chin<!SC people's for • Today, this tradiUon ls proudly carried ror rd by th Chin Pcopl • Volunt crs in Koren Throu h a Jon and bitter winter at the Korean front, the volunteers hav demonstrated their uperb mornle and spirit of seltlcssn m the example they na' -e set m the national movement against oorrupt1on, waste and bureaucracy.
Fired with the determination to rin speedy Vlctorr and t th sam time to speed th rccomtruction of the Motherland, they ro conducting a vi orous campaign against waste. Care of their new equipment is thclr first concern, together with ccuracy in the use of ammunit ion Under the slogan "a hwidrcd enemy dead for "-cry hundred bullets,'' the standard of marksmanship has bccom so ccurate that a gunner recently criUdscd himsclf for usin four hells to destroy an enemy tank. Eventually he
I
succeeded in d troying three tanks with oruy three shells.
Transport drivers pride themselves on covcrln long distances on lime without breakdown or accid nt. Cookl plcd e to serve good m ls without EO
much m th nstc of sin l groln o1 rice. Those ln char e of stores maintain th gntln sacks in good condition so that no food ls wasted in transport.
In th~ renr as t the front, all florta re mad to economise in mnterials. A shock team 1or repairing mil tnlcka recently unearthed 1Ufficfent crnp iron d stccl to fill 360
frelgbt cars. thus saving mor than torty bllllon yuan for th Motherland.
In their love for thclr Motherland all fighters have pledged to foster th glorious tradition af ~uous struggle, to talcc hard and simple llvln tor an honour, nd to rnnke the most effective us of all weapons nd m tcrlals supplied by th peopl o! th Motherland.
Kwon 0 Dlk. ntw Ambua&4ar E:draordlnary and Plenlpo&cnU&ry el tbe DtmocnUe Ptopl•'• &epablic of Koru so &be People'• Btpublle of Ch.Ina, pr~ta la.la ueda:itl&b to Mae ~t11n1, Chairman al the C ntral l'eoplo'• Gove~11J fll the Pcople'a
JtcpubUc of China
FraoU.ek &omala, DC•' CsecbMlnu Am dor Enraordlnarf uul PleDlpo4endarf, PJfteftY Illa endtallale to Nao Tlt--&anf, Cbalnaua o1 llle Catnl People't Gonn111u111& et -.e Peopl1'1 anablle
et China
Y~ t'oapla of tbe ae ... Hlb d..l.ltric1 or Kanyu CotinlJ, Shantunc Pro,·tme, rqiate.r for mantare la the dbtrlct ofU«
l-lappy Marriages Break Through Feudal Ideas
A new concept of maniagc.. based oo the new Marriage Law, ls breaking through the age-old feudnl idcns of arbitrary nnd compulsory marriage, with 11 It meant in terms of human mi ry arising from the custom of buying nnd sclllng \\'Otnell, child marriaec and concubinag
For millions of women, t.be new law
has brought release from a life of ill-treatment and a new chance for marital happiness. For millions of young coupl , the Law has swept nway th barriers to free choice of partners b'1Scd on mutual love nnd respect. nnd op ncd the road to full and happy partn rshlp bnscd on th recognition that women have nn equal right with men to develop their knowledge nd 1kill, an equal
right to mdepcndencc and freedom and to a lull participation in th soctnl life nd activities of the people's tatc.
But old customs di hard, and In many villages young coupl r not finding it sy to w1n the immcchnt approval of their parents to their plnm for m trlmony.
When twenty-tu'O-year-old Wnng Pin -ming of Tsang Village nnnounccd his wWl to marry Wang Yu-clicn of the snme village, the girl's father as adamant In his opposition to the match. on the grounds that they held a rurnam in common. Even though the relationShip as so distant ns to be almost non-existent, the ol'1 mnn held such n marriage to be blghly Improper and an affront to odal custom. In thl opinion he was firmly upheld by all the elder men of the v1llagc.
So convinced was he In the corr ctn ot hla opinion lhat he oppculcd to the district council tor support. The district council however, not only tailed to agree with his view
point, but gave him a patient explunalion of the relevant clauses o! the new Marriage Law. Pointing out that the degree of relationship between the couple Wlll further thnn flve t.lmca removed, they explained that the marriage was
therefore perfectly legal, and that he, u a p:mmt, bad no power to intcrtere Ul the mnttcr.
Not unW several months had passed '1/tcr the mal".rlogc, however, w the old man firullly won over to opproval of the match. As the days h11d one by, the lulppincss of the young couple hnd nfl'ccled nll around them and their tireless cncrey in the cu1Uvnlion of their family fields and In working along.side the bullding workers in constructing o nr.w hou for thclr frunlly, cvcntunlly won them not only the approval of their pnrcnls but the respect
and coodwill or the entire \illage.
Thdr lndasiry ha WC)D thrm tbe r p~t of au ID tbe •lll•re. e\ita or lh •bo eh1.ar most atroo1t1 to lbe old ldeu aboat m.arrla&•
Wanr Pln·mlq ud bb your bri4e are •ne ti Ute ba"lut eowpln bl &be Yl1Jace. a1Utov11t lhf'lr marriare al flnl &roUC'd Ute op,.alloa el Mmll ol the more old·fu!alootd "lll~ua, wile eoa.eWettd ll bldal1 lmpru~r r r a 1ov:a1 couple &o decide ti.ctr aaarria6• for &llemeehea
Their 11.appJ mar~e bu K& sui.-b a pod example "' tJt.e neeem of lbe new MJle or marrlare Ula& tbe •Ula10 women bave unn1ed a terlN ol d.lacualons on Ute nbjcct ol Ule new Marrt-.e Lew
THf TlflTSll PAPER Mill nic r1 uln Paper Mill is one of Chirul.'s larger nnd better
equipped paper mills. Despite the serious d:uru1ge il miffcrcd nt lhc lulnds of the r<:tr aung Kuomintim troops on the eve o1 liberaUon n 1949 it quidtly resumed production nnd rniBcd both
lput nd md~cy of labour. During 1951 the introduction of of democratic reforms in the mill and ihe de\•clopmcnt of on
cmulntion dnve led to the completion of lh production task ror th whol ye r by November 20 With an output 39 per Cl<!llt grcnter lhnn in 1950, 209.2 per cent greater than In 1949, and 302.4 per cent grcntcr than during the Kuomintang rul At the same tim n gcnc:rnl reduction of defective pnpcr to 6.9 per cent was nchic\"ed m October 1951 ns compnred to 24.7 r cent in October 1950.
Durin th C!mulo.Uon drive the cnthUJinsm of lh workers rc:ichcd nn .unprecedented level, s wiln ed by the fact lhat thirtythrcc workers emerged os mod I work n durin the cnmpalgn ond In t n months 230 rnU~nnllsatlon proposal w re rec 1\'Cd froin the workers, of which 130 w€.'re accepted and confirmed by cood resUiu.
THf; TIENT61N PA,.ER MILL IN 19151 WAS ~4 PER CENT HIGHER THAN IN KUOMINTANG DAYS
Dry-end or &be No, 1 1>&1Kr·~ maclllne In &ho Tknlaba Paper MIU, ftc predac:Uoa from Ull9 madahae bu Mal almm& 4a.bled llDce Ubuatloa Enl'LDttr IJa ll&lai·IRQ, ckld..,..._ a.IUlc
Jl'~-lba and &echnklaa LJ Yen-fea fll llae n.w. Papu llW, •bo OYftCUDe Uae pNblea ., ........ ol Umber paJp IJJ c"IYIDI' a meUa .. fll ,...... ~
Keea latuaa • &alien b1 Ute worken wbea ''"'"' nlplaa&c b an& HW!&at.N for dJo la ~ pnd ol ~ pa~r. Tile nee-. ol &11• upcrlmeot •Yet I.be m11J ...,. ..._ ~
~ 79UI 1ut 1ear
n.e Ul.ree workers wbo open&e Ute No. S paper-ma.kins machine ncblcN Ulle ,. .. of ddeetl•• ....,. from l.D per cent la Oc&ober. 1161. .. S.N pa cmt lD N~ ud, u Ute a.me Ume, l.Kra.Md
Ute oatp•t by S. 73 per ~nt
tmdtae7 of tile po...--<•*U.. m.adllna b.u aho beca 1Dera.McL Macht,,.. wlllcb eoald c•l oel1 8Ye or lls tons of paper In el1b• laovs e&D aow cll1 more UlaD Dine tom In the .amt lellj'tla of Um•
Toelullc:lam of Ute Mlll c~ Uae opcra"-a of lbc papa--maklns madWM to atadcnta of tbe llChol of teduMllon n~bllsbed bJ tbe trflll. Tbae atodmta atknd das11111 In the mornln• and 1pcnd tbe afkrnoollS on researda or o• praelJcaJ work at lbe ma.clalna
China's Paper Industry Paper wu invented in China. ~ far back 105
A.O., Tsai Lun, a courUer in th reign of Ho Ti (89-105)
of the Han dynasty, made paper from cloth. bark and fl.sh.ln1-nct. Durins the followln fivo hundred ycan the art of ~r-maklng spread through Korea t.o Japan in th F.ost and throu h Sinkiang to Ml.nor and Europe In the West.
Handicraft Prodacllon
Under the rule of feudal forces the paper industry in China rcma.lncd for ncurly two thousand years In the form of hnndkraft production. In m ny parts of China today this ancient craft remains as an important side occupation of the peasant.. Many of these locnl handm11dc papers
such u "Maoplcn", "Llenshlh", "Kunntul". "Yurmshu'' nnd others are emlnenUy suited to brush wriUog and ore eagerly soueht aflcr by artists and calligr phcrs. One in parUcular, "Hsuancb.ib" of Suancheng County, Anhwci Province, is reooenised as the finest handmnde paper in the world. During the Kuomintang rule, landlord exploitnllon nd the dumping of cheap foreign paper brou ht the production or handmade papen to a very low 1 vcl.
Machine-made Paper
The production of machine-made paper in China haa a history of less than a hundred yea.n. The majority of the mll.1.9 are established in the Northeast, Peking, 'nentsin, Sbanihal and the coastal provinces. Ot these mLlls, '9 per cent are publicly run while 51 per cent are run by ptlvntc enterprise.
ProducUon la mainly on a small scale, with only 4 per cent of the mll1s producing more than ruty ton or pnper or pulp a day. Rapid development has been made since liberation throulh the assistance of the People's Government and output in 1951 reached 155 per ~l of lhe highest annual output in the pa.st.
Rising Demand
The potential demand fo r paper for domestic consumpUon in China ls enormous. Present daily ncwsp per circulation averages o;nc copy for every hundred persons. With the rising national standard <lf living and the ensuing elimination of illiteracy, it is estimated that within two years daily newspaper circulation will average one copy for every fifty penons. This alone will require ntty ncv.•
mills with a daily production of one hundred tons of paper per mill to supply the needed n wsprlnt. Il every Chinese citizen should buy one book a year, it would call for an annUQJ. production of more than two hundred thousand tons of paper.
China ls fortunately rich in the raw materials requlred for paper-makin1. Alongside her economic construction, the upsur1e or cultural activity will be accompanied by a tremendous development in the paper industry.
by lJ Tien-luiang
l~e 29t~ Anniversary of Ue "February 7 Movement .. The pat "Febnwy 7th" scriU wu a revolutionary movemmt in
which the ChineK WOl'ltin& c:W. foe the fusr rime turned in an organUed mannu from econou\ic to political aauggle. On February r. r9i3, ttpracnruiva of the bra.ncb ttadt unions of the railwaymen of the Pckina·Hankow Railway mtt m Om>gchow for the foundina of tbe track union of the Pdtioa·Ha.ak.ow .Railway. Wu Pci.fu, warlord mElrrollina O\Olr of tbe oorthern provinces ttplied by placin1 a ban on tht meeting, and by ~ uoopt to Ulcirdt the mttrina place and arruc the rrprue.ntativtt. In the midsr of t.neirdnsvnr, bowntt, tfK. rtpaattariva of the worlctts continued their mttting and ckdartcf the foundina ol the track uruoa.. Afru the meeruig. tbt rroopt and pnlittmcn broke into the meeting pl.a and ckta.ined the l'epramw1VU.
nus noked grur wmh among the worbrs and the ttadc union of die Pcking·Hankow Railway dedattd a ge11eral strilcc from Eebruary 4· On Fthruary 7. the troop of Hsiao Y~nan. an ageor of worlord Wu Pci-fu, acting under the direction of the British imperialist axuulatt in Hanltow, aradccd the hadquanen of the Pelcing·H.ankow Railway Trade Union. hllina more than diiny workers and wouncfina owr rwo
hu.ndn:d. On the same day at Clianpinritn of rhc north a«tion of the Pcking-Hankow Railway a s:imiLW tragedy occurred in which four people were killed and more th.an thirty buvily wounded.
Lin Hsiana<hicn wu ~ of the martyrs wbo buotcally mitt tbtll' death m the "February 7th" rragedy. H e wu a ~r of the Communi$t Parry and Cbairman of the branch track union 111 Kiangan. When the uccunoncrs, oo bdWf of the warlords, tied him to a ulcgraph pok and th.rucmcd him with ckath u.nlesa he issued an cwdcr foe tht resumpt10n of work. he dae duth rather than bctra1 tbt cause of the worlctts.. Aoothtr martyr Shih Yang, a Communist lawyer, waa alJo murdettd in Wochang oo Fcbrua.ry 25 for bis actift participation m the grut "February ]'th" mike.
The "February 7th" nriltc, although 6nally au~ by the armed forc.u of tbt warlords, wrott a glonous page in the hiatocy of the Chmue woclcing cW., and the spirit displayed by dllC¥e who aacri6ced ch.Jr livu has liw-d ro carry the entire ~·orking claa to victory.
I.la B.11an1-cbkn. mar'7r ol the "Fcbnl&l'J 7tb Incident"
lkprar.ncatl•n of all elrelca ln c11cnicbow, Honan Prori.Dt(', rall ay •orken an4 elllle lltJd a ID('IDOrlal mcetlnf OD Ul • tb= ?th Square" lwhrre man1r n Wen-wb .-.. ltllleJ In Ute Febnauy 'Ub lrllte or 11ns1 on Febnarr ' thla 1ear. A pabllc trial of ciau. · Jun&', lhe mardMrr of marlf"I' aa Wtn·leb, ,... held .SmaUaneoalJ aDd Dorat trlbu&e wu paid &o martTl"I Sn Wen-ieb and W&nl' bea,•ru
.. LET. 5 FARM TOÐER .. Growth of Mutual-Aid Tea ms in Norf h China
·pl"Clpelll'd wakrw U blfl t r .,, '7 • lbb
.Dftpcnlq • •tU wtUa colleeUY• .. ...,_..., • welll. tacit u Qa..lt, were too alaaUow te ......_ • •rr ....oa. With collee&he labou.r &hey can "'
Utlled to deeper lntls, mabUnr Uiem &o wain
Lurer arcu ti laad
Co-operation in fllrml.ns mong th pe ants ot North China iJ pushln out a! th ~Y the traditional peasant motto of .. mor from ~ ov.-n ao11. more tor my own household." t year's expenenee of unprecedented crop yields d farm income has taught thousnnds of pCasants the concrete advanta cs of orgnnised over individual effort. and a further big development in mutualaid teams and farm oo-opc~ Uvcs 1 anUop:ited in the coming season.
Many indiYidu 1 households ha\'C f that th1ng5 which th y could ncv r h v pllshed on their own can be nsily chi vcd under mutunla.id organ1 alion, includin clearing of new lnnd, atJ'orestation proJccts. digging ol inigatlon amrils. the acquisition ot heavy ngricullural chincry and waterwheels, and the large-scale promotion of side-enterprises and systems of transport. A rational division and utili ntion of labour and draft animals also t:!llminatcs retarding factors in production and nllows tcchnlcnl spccia tion nd research into better famtln m thods. Planned production is made possibl ore
Pn..., .. et W~ YUla«t, .lao~ C &J', llopei Pro•loce, UIJ Uaelr laad wUlt lbe m:w lJ..lcad• "°'1flt
ost convindn to th pcuanu th proof ft'orded by w rcconh of production chievcd
1 t > by mutu 1- 'd teams. Chu Y o-11'1; t m i.n Shansi Province, for instance, han ted G.9 tons o1 cotton per hectnre last utumn. Land in Lu , Sbar.&i Provin , which yielded ilutt crops year rnhcd from one-third of the total to 93 per cent o1 the area through methods of mutual tannin . Tb over-all
yield o1 the mutu 1- id temm ln four counti of Shansi Pro,·1n 10 per cent bove that of oth r nts workang lnd1vidwill7.
With th pr ch of th aprin sowing ason enthusiasm for th movemcnl i mowballill from v1Uaee to villa ia numerous small asonal mulwil-aid t rum arc convut.in themselves into lone-term mutunl-rud teams with an expanded memberShip nnd extended opcraUon covcrtna n,.w fields of a r cultural cnterpr1ses while former Jong-term tcnms have developed into farm produc r co-op tiv with 1 nd, labour And implements poolcd-c:ollectiv farms ln embryo.
a&Ul·aW wpcalaaUoD makai It ,,_ibte to ewrt .. , Ute 141aw larlll.lJlr -.eraUem bJ baad, leavl.Dr &be ba.ter &ukAI &o bt mecl Ht bf ... 1a1ne'7
Chinese Peasants Welcome
Soviet Farm Machinery
Modern r1cultural machin ry from the Soviet Uruon has won th compt le confidcnc:o of the Chinese peasants and opened the way for the full-scale production of such mnchinery in China.
As the rcwlt of a successful period o! cxperun nlaUon in the use of th modem thr hers ' and harvesters, hundreds of pc nts in 11 parts oI China arc sayina
ood-by to their old ploughs and hand fl ls nd witching to modem machinery.
As th mndlln arc comp""1Uvcly xpcmive and their working capacity f r
exceeds the needs of the muill plot of one mcbvidual peasant, the organ.tsation of mutual-aid teams h.u rccclvcd tremcndoua lmpetUS.
When last spring a set of new Sovi t f rm m:ichinc:ry wns loaned to a group of ct hte n mutunl-ald t ms in Tsilicn County, Sunkinoi P!J.>vinc , th peasants were more than n bttle apprehensive of handling the new machinery •• At th 1linc of th spring sowing no-one wanted tc be the first to JJSC the sower on his land.
Gonnunitot aarlcallllftl lmtrvden at I.be dcmomvaU.. flllltrt of n Coant}' mow Uae peuui. bo• lo bandle a nt~& ••tr
P snnt !Ju Wen-pin, a member of the Communist Party • and leader of a mutual-aid team, \'Olunteered to be the first to use the new sower. When his crops cnmc tbroui}l strong and well paced out, othcra regretted their lack of
confidence in the machine. Dunng a 1001 dry summer he s ablo to hoe between th row o1 his crop and ao conserve the moisture in the scnl. His harvcat at th cmd of th season created a record for the dlslrkt, ond was more than double his normal output.
Liu Wen-p10 and his mutual-aid team have achieved such succrss in the use of I he new machinery that his village is visited by scores of peasants f rom All parts of the provinet", eager to see the results for lh lllSCllves. With lhc help ol lh Provincial People's Government, the village is now a demonstration ccntni which h laid the basis for popularising the nt?w implcm1m~ and fundamentally reforming farmln1 methods throughout the province and beyond.
Liu Wt n ·pln &n4 h1a ma\D&l·&W cum pu& a lo'°t & UlrfUJn.I macblne lnlo action en tbtlr ooaabt1N41 wbeal ..,._.
w.-~· el Cllahllntla Vllla,e. 'Nslen Coant}', leam t. .. a 8"tet 11arrew. It eaa till from forlJ'·fln to atsty mou of Jana a day
Agricultural Demonstration Centres
Since land retorm and the end of feudal exploitation in the countryside has &i ven all the peasants a share o! land, their enthwiasm for agricultural production has been enhanced. The improvement of production Cools has therc!ore become a matter o! urient interest to e\"Cry peasant and the People' Government has paid special attention to designing and popwarisina new agricultural implements.
Tb~ new implements have few similarities with the old and therefore H .. 'Quitt some training in their hand-
ling. Agricultural demonstrati~n centres established by the Peoples Government in various parts of the ~ountry have provided the answer to this problem and are largely responsible for the rapid popularisation ~f the new lmplem nts in the coun~·cide.
The cstabli hment of the centres commenced in the ea part of 1950. Within these two years no less than eighty-eight o1 these C"entTes have ~n set up throu bout the fo';ll' provtnces of North China, the pro'Yl.Dces of the Northeast. Honan Province in the
Central-South, Shantung and northem Kiangsu in East Chlna, and the pro: vinces of Shen i, Kansu, Chinghai, Ningsla and Sinkiang in the Northwe5t. In 1951 alone the number of agricultural bnplements loaned to the peasants amounted to mo~ than ~evmty thousand of whkh 60 per cent were new plou hs-and it ls estimated that some hundred thousand hou holds att alre1dy u1tn1 them on their land.
The new lmpleme.nts have not onl1 adN ns a trem ndous spur to agricultural production but have raised the level o1 th mutual-aid tMMS ta a higher organlsalionnl form, paving the way for full collectivisation of the Janel.
Decorative Tiles:
_ The Nine-Draaon Wall i1 one of the f1'lllD ceritrta of interest to vwtors in Pekin1'1 Pelhai Park L7izi&
' to the west of the impenal temple Tien w~1 'ntn, t.bU unique piece ol architecture is all that remams to us or the oriainal BuddhbL printlna house 1rblcb IUf. fered destruction by ftre at the bands of tht lJ'OOpl cJ the Eiaht-Power Invasion of 1900.
Anlm•I fiQUre rwtlng on u :It end ol r:>OI Anim1l ligure 1 ..t et tlte corn~ ol tit- ,.J
Jud1in1 by its style, architectural experts have assiancd its date of oripn to the Chien Lune period (1736-1795), when 1t was built as a decorative feature faong the Great West Heaven Printing Howe. In style and manner ol construction it is similar to other decorative wnlls of the period, consistm1 ol a main structure ol glazed tiles resting on a base ol imnallon stonework and surmounted by a aiaz_ed- tile roof.
On either aide ol the wall, coloured glued tiles combine to form a desian of nine draaons cllsporting themselves on the c:resta of waves. With Its exquiaite colourina and lively quality of design, the wall ls conaidered u one of the most beauillul of all 1lucd-Ule 1tructurea of the Manchu dynasty. 'The mne-Dra1on Wall inside the Huana Chl Men (Great and Middle Gate) in the former imperial palace, built towards the end
F1ir, Dr•gon
of lh Chi n Luna penod, although aimilar m form to the all in Pcihni, is lnferior in colour and desisn. An earlier wall in Tatun , Chahar province, is said to have ~n built durlna the Min dynasty (1388-1844), when the art of 1lazin1 already highly developed, and may be said to be a forerunner ol later clued-tile decorative walls.
Many of the imperial palaces built durina feudal Umee possess walls and roofs decorated with similar alued bles produee?d from the imperial kilns in Pekin& and Naoldn . The carU t records of the art of clue, or &lass, makln ls contained m the H n Shu, the hlstory of the Han dynnsty (208B.C.A.D.220) . The art was introduced into China from Kashmir, and was used Cur screens and v.indows. Durina th reign of Tat Wu Ti (424-451) of the Northern dynasty (386-581), the
Phoenix
merchants of Ta Yueh
Chih (modem Punjab) set up a kiln at Pingche.na (modern Chahar Province) for the production of
glazed tile for the pAJoce
buildinas. Durina the Sul dynasty (581-818) the art
of gllWJll wns further dc
~lopcd by Ho Chiu and
tht: ~:;e of decorative tiles
uecame more widespread, taking the place of painting and lacquering in the
decoration of buildin Emperors of the Suns dyna ty cgeo-1279) were
areat buHdcrs of palac-es and during this period the
art of glazing mode further progress. The Ying Tsao Fa Shih (Manual of
Architecture) of Li Chich (died 1110) contnln de
tailed dlrections for the making of yellow aJu.cd tiles. Although there are no longer any books in existence describin1 methods of glazine of the
Ming and Manchu dynas
ties, structures like the Nine-Dragon Walls remain as proof of the
degree of rcflnement which
the art bad reached.
Lion
I~ lHf BAlllf ACAi N Sl I llllf~A~l 1n a country where 80 per cent of the population wer
illiterate at the ti.mo ol liberation. and whose written language calls for lhe mutenn1 of some t~·o or three thou.and intricate characters in order to read the daily press, Chi Cbien-hu;i's quick system ot learnin1 characters bu provided a short-cut to culture and education for the millions who are stru&clinl to conquer their illiteracy.
Chi Chien-hua, the inventor of the new method, is a cultural teacher in the People's Liberation Army. Ba.sing his method on his experiences in teaching he has developed a system of character study under which a totally illiterate person can learn lo read and explain the meaning of 1500-2000 charncters within a penod ot some 150 houra of study.
Th ~tial characterbtlc oI the "quick method" ia the separation ot the three components of Chine!$e characters: pronunciation, caUJ1raphy, and meanin1. The student ia ftrst tauaht a set of phoneUc symbolt by which be learm to pronounce
the characters. The PLA men call them their "crutches." He then learn.t to read text-bOO.ks printed an characters accompanied by phonetic symbols. A student can learn dozens of these phonetic characters in an hour, and a tull-time student may master as many as two hundred characters a day. After mastering the phonetics, the ''crutches" are dbcarded, and the student moves on to lhe second stage, the stage of reacllng and writin1. Only when he has thoroughly mastered the first two stages is he .finally initiated into the meanings of the characters.
In the movement for wiping out illiteracy in the People's Liberation Anny the "quick method" has been enthuslasHc4lly welcomed by the commandera and fighters of all units. It is a great contributioD Jn the battle against illiteracy and towards raising the cultural level of the people's fighters. In recognition of his work, the Political Department of the People's Liberation Army in the Southwest Military Area has awarded a 1pecinl merit to Chi Chien-hua, the inventor of the method, and has conferred upon him the tiUe o! "model cultural teacher."
RURAL EDUCAT ION
''Let tlae People Teat!h the People'~
.. Let Ille people &ocb Ole people" 11 a policy carried out whole· clly In Ule TAC>bua Peo-ple'• SellooL A poap or a4vanced pupils prepcr.nl tbcmsclvca to Uk on the role of teacbent
In a small village outs1de Shanghai, model-teacher Yu Ycnpmg has eft'ectively demonstrated how education can become vltal force in the everyday life of the people.
By combinmg study with the polillcnl and productive tosks of the villagers Yu Yen-ping hu aroused enlhus1asUc interest in the literacy cla~ and many who were completely illiterate o year ngo have now learnt to write letters and do Slmple accountancy.
Among her more than one hundred pupils are o!d ~d young housewives, you.na mothers and peasants. Yu Yen-ping ts bersel! the daughter of a peasant and one who well understands the many
calls on the time of her pupils. She w well able. therefore, to advise on the orgnnisoUon of er che to rcll vc th mothers for
udy, nnd on th form Uon of mutual-old tcnms for I rm~ork, so lhnt more work could be accompU.hcd in l ss time, lcnvtD# time free for study.
Her 6tudcnts are not content simpl) to receive education, but are cager to plny nn nctlve role in the school Sevcrnl have come forward as 'litUc teachers' ready to teach others less advancl?d thtm they. Deeply rooted In the lives of the m the peaplc'~, school has fully realised the aim of the Ministry of Education to let the people teach the people."
Tead1cr Ya Yen·plq (centre) ia Use daarbltr ol a P nt nd den1&D41 the problm111 ot ~· people. Bile Ukee to spend btr frtt time amonr tbe ~e famllJH. talklnJ' nu tbdr problem• and belpmr tbaD wttll tbrlr work
MESSEllEIS OF DEIHUIJ r i::el~~ u! .._ ~ Ing County, ~ Clf r..: flood ten SIOl&rtd
breach in tbt -n nearby dain, In ton.. this would have ...._ algnnl for fOOd _.-. to be loaded donkeys, or ~ back, nnd for 1 bis an ref ugecs to ftee f1'Cln area, aome to dJe of
nd exposure, othtn survive by~ UZUi.I Um of the llta1 h rvest,
This Ume I diftatct w en cted. Within 1 ter of moJnents. ~ d men, women and 1'0Wlgr. were strcamhia IC? ftelds from the IUJ'lMt+f'..-1 ••
\illng , C8l'TJini pol~ bronCba, ucki. shovcl!i towards the dan er. w.ithln four a situ t.lon hJch Jn the would have meant cm mlty to the livu Property of the 110,000 pl in the vlclnfr, at river, w under com: control, and the were quietly returning thclr homes.
What bu happened to produce such a In centuries of custom? What has
~pe!M!d io produce lhe chan1e in people'• IO that order and co-operative
have taken the place of panic and t? The answer ls to be found in the
tbou:sanc11 at Individual and collective pro,...-6' ... - ..... moving always amon1 the muse.
the people, who have undertaken the k of educaUon. agitation and moblllsation
ol the people on all imles a.1Jecting indivtd'.o&I, collediTe and national weUare.
Lona before the time of possible flood ID Ta.min& County, these propaganda
volunteers had moved amon1 the villacers. warnin& them ol the possible dan&er, and mobilising them for immediate action in event of danger. Every man, woman, and child knew exactly where to 10 and what to' take, if the flood signal WU civen.
Widespread educaUon on the subject of cotton crowin1 in the county has overcome long-held prejudice afll).nst cotton as a crop and resulted in record prosperity for the peuanll. Durlna a campairn on the need for wells in the area, certain conservativeminded peasants declared that it would be useless to drill well.I on their sandy soil.
Only after examples from other areu where aimllar conditions existed were brou1ht to their notice, did they agree to take part in the work. The rcsulll on their own land in the form of heavier Cl"OPI bu ainca fully ju.stifted the policy.
A campalan around the new Marrla e Law has succeeded in clearint aw_, mi -understandinp and in winnln1 over even the moat coDJUV8Uve-m.inded to ill approval. Bad health practices arWn1 from feudalhtic superstitions have likewlle been swept away by the spread of knowledge and information.
Mtthoda of work a.re u lmaclnative as they are varied, ranafnt from newspaper read.in& aroups and news blackboards, to the presentation of ideu through drama s:roups, song• ond couplets, cartoons and lantern alld •
In every village and hamlet, these people's propa1andlsta are to be seen at their ta.slt of explanation. persuasion and agitation. While a shopkeeper explains the meaning of the new Marriage Law to a group of cuatomen, a shoemaker gives b1s client the latest news of the anU-corru_ption movement. With the headquarters of thfJ propagand network in the Taming County Committee ot the Communbt Party, more than fttty thou.sand full or pnrt-Ume propqandista are active throu&hout tho county on one or another issue.
Throuib a aeries of transmisiion stations the County Committee reaches out to the most remote hamlets, broadcuting lta policy on local and national i.uues to1ether with newa Uld information programmes.
The resultl of this work may be gauged not only in au in flood-fighting and in increased producUon. but in the movement against counter-revoluUonarlcs, in the care of armymcn's dcpendanbl, in the high level of the mutual-aid team orga.niaaUon amon1 tho pcaunts, and in the blgh nttendance at the people'• schools. Without the sel.Oess work of these thousands of propogand..lsta, Taming County could never have achieved Ill present cu.lturol and economic prosperity.
PROGRESS II HEAVY llDUSJRY
A mlcrOIC'oplc •lcw of tbt rrapbUe of orA•R•tel!Ltare of lron and 10 rtdllt.e Jreall)' . .. ~ WTOO&kt lroa. ln &bo f oftll ol llllipa (Jeft drele), Wlaidl c1JYlche &be nodaln. bu no Och deJetulom etreet Nochtla wblle the snphUe ol nocl1tlar cast tron (dPt clrtlle), la &be U.pe of
· ' eut tron la n~rlor to wroartal Inn and II ,....llCd at a cost macib lower lbaD ~·
Northeast Cbina is mtina the pace for China'' iDdustrialisation through its treu:te.Ddous achievements in industr'Y ID U151. ProducUon in State
public enterprlsca in 1.hls area lncreaSCd by 24.8 per cent last year over the previous year while the ratio of industrial output in State and public enterprises compared to the O\'ef811 production of grlculturc went up to 52 per cent a against the 35 per cent in 1949. The total value o! production in lndu try and acrlculture of State and public enlerprises in 1951 increased by 13.5 per cent over 1950.
Production Tops Prellbentlon Peak Level
Many branches of both li&ht and btavy mdustry such u the manufacture of machine tool.I, electrically operated machines, electrolysed copper, electric bulbs, nitric aod, tutiles, glasa and automobile tyres have aurpused the pre-liberation peak level of 1943.
Workers' initiative and a.nee.nuity resulted in 114 publicly-owned factories and mines in the Northeast overfulAllina their tasks ror the year well in advance. By the end of November, publicly-owned enterpriJes in the area bad created extra wealth valued at thirteen million tons of grain through increa ed production and economy.
Advance ln Heavy Industry
l'bis year marks a ifeat advance an the ach.ievemeot.s of heavy industry. Machines for induatry and equipment for the vast works of re· construction in difterent parta of the country are now for the ftrsl Ume produced ln China's facloriCJ. Production of rails. never attempted 111
Kuomintang days, was ataned in the steel mills in the ftrst year after the founding of the People's Republic or China. These rails have been uscid m the construction of the Chengtu-
Chungk.i.ng Railway, OM section of which has been open to traffic since last September.
A development which is expected to play a alltliflcant role ln conslrucUon comes on the eve of China's industrialisation programme In the form of the completion of successful experiments in manufacturing nodular cast iron. Nodular cast iron is supedor to ordinary wrought iron and is produced at a cost much lower than steel It will fill many neech previously met by steel and wrought lron. .
The successful manutacturina of nodular cast iron h111 resulted in a considerable advance in the machine industry. Many machine puts and machine tools which could not be made in the past, auch as blgbpressure valves, cylinder liner, ca.stings and others, can now be manufactured with nodular cast iron.
Another success has been the manufacture of ferro-molybdenum by the Synthetic Industry E%perimental Institute of the Ministry of Heavy Industry, which WU mainly based on the Soviet experience in making ferro- tungsten. Al. China abo11nds in deposits of molybdenum. a bright future Ues ahead for the industry to manufacture thls kind of industrial alloy in China.
A bent.,_, •tao. made ot ll04ola.r ca.R lton. 41spl&yecl a& lbe Nor&Mu& Track Exblbttlon
Workers' Latent
Initiative Releases Powers of Pr:oduction
Oo ~ el 1!le ea=Jall'D fer lncre&Md prodactlen MMI m el eeonomy le t.M MU.. Mrt&J· lvrtca1 W°'b &D ~' wu ....... Mtweu the •WCUtmt &Ad Ute tnde 1Ulloa feir dw ee-openU.
'Ibe Mukden Mctallur£fcal Works ran.ks among the many branches of h'avy industry wh.ich achieved outstancUna success in the production and economy campaign during 1951 in ovu-fullillin its target for the whole year three month$ ahead or schedule. In response to the appeal Issued to the! workers of mines ond factories in the Northeast by Koo Kang Chairman o! the Nonheasi People's Government, in Mny Just year, callini for the creation of e.xtra wealth to lhe value of ftve million tons of gralna tueet which has been overfulftlled by the creation o1 weollh to the value of more than ten million tons ot 1raln -the workert of the Mukden Metllllurgical Works drew up a plan for the creation of wealth to tho value of 17!i,4'94 tons of grain.
One hundred and fifty working teAma th.rouf:hout the plant pledged their parate pacts for the carrying out of lhls target. and 80 per cent of the staa members and workers formulated their Individual pl&N.
C.- KeOtllltaate uplaba &be de&aUa of ~ el ,...oetloa te a l""P el wol'luen
By September the planl had fulfilled the plan for the whole year, lftd by the end of December the total extra wealth produced and saved b7 me::asures of economy was valued at 192,821 tons ot grain.
Close c:o-opcration between the workers and technicians broke the bed quotas and raised the quality of the product.. Fine-grade copper ns produced from an oven which had produced only coarse- rade CllppCJ' in the past. During the latter half of 19!il no less than 1300 ntianalisaUon proposals were put forward by the workers, leadlng to 1lllD1 Improvements and economies in production.
W•bn el Ul1t M•lil'D ll•tallorrtcaJ W•u raahatalD tbe dlldtney of t.M electric du& coU Son b1 eoast&Al •• ri.a&lln6. mob &Dd dmi eealabt ma.DJ nl•bl.e malttW. -~ cu lae oolltt&ed &D4 rdlnt4
- During the course of the campaign many improvementa were . m de in the wcUnrc conditions of the workers, including the conslruct1on of a new SAnnt.orium with eighty beds, a clinic for women nnd children, ond a nursery.
The Guc:cess of the c.nmpaign in th Mukd n Mctnllurclcal Work is typlcnl or the course or the campal n in countless other plants and ftclori in the Northeast, where the crcntlve ccnlus or the workin cla released 1 tent powers of production undr nmt-of in the past. This rapid ri of labour productivity ln the Northensl eloquently d -monstrotes the wperiority of the system ol New Democracy.
China Prepares to Honour Four Great C -. .,,. .
Preparations for th commemoration cd lour world-famous figures In world cu1turo are bdng actively caniai forward by a preparatory commlttce formed of reprcscnUJti\'CS of people's o ruusnU0115.
The tour gre .. t m n of culture ore Victor HU£o, the grcnt
Fttnch v.'Titer, whose lSOth 26; N.V. Gogol. the gr t falls on March 4: Leonard whose 500th birthday annJl\'w> _ _
great Arnb physician. Av1 falls in May.
It·
condlUo , life of the
J>CQpl • Two hundred nnd forty-five sparc-Umc schools h vc been ~blishcd exclusively for the orkm. In the f ctor1 cultural orgarusatlons for literary and n CUviU
ve n comblncd mcmbershlp o! more Oum ll,000. Simil r orcnnisations in streets and districts hnve a total mcmbaship o:f 6,682. 'lbesc amnteur organisations have produa!d many brilliant plnys, som o! v,;hidl hnve been cd in d.Ufcrent th tres.
As n ult ol th Government' otrcntlon to the ~th i , th li of otize.ns arc no long r thtt3t by llpox nnd cholcru, and on enllgh tcncd policy of sod l
wcll ro h removed th causes of vngrnncy and ~1..,....,.. At the first m ting of the third SC"..sion of th peoplc'1
rcpr ntaUvc conference held in February, Ul50, one reprcnt.ntivc remarked thnt the two year ' achicvemcnta of the
Peopl 's Government well surpassed what had been done in or twenty ycnrs of reactionary rule.
Th very people of the city ore changin , not only m their m le.rial W , but in their ouUook and their rclnUozu with on nnolhcr. The three great pollticnl movements of 1 51 nnd th pr t movement against burcaucrney, 1Utc nd co1TUpUon will push Tient.sln even •t p further to-
rds o full and prmpcrous lite. In th mo~ ta aimed t reformln sod ty, there is no doubt that all the corrupt
-h blts inherited from old Tient&n will be dlscnrdcd forev •
:Neatlf Olt~ UtouaDd bMta a UJ a.re tol4 ln Ute Ti Jll&bs llruKh er Use llli9oa Bookllen. Worktn. staclmts, bo • wt•et. IU'IDJllWD and peuaa&a a•e the cbkl c1&&~n
A poap el 11tbool-c-hlldrm ma.alclpal eluDcJat&i7
Liu Loi ti A Heroine ol NeUJ c.,_
Wang Ting-kuo, Mini.try of the Interior
·Lia Lai-U Is one of new China's heroines. ,...._ unique spirit has been forged in the hard strarlle for national liberation. Wang Tin1·kuo, tM writer of this article, was a member of Uie delegation sent by the Cen tral People's Goverament to the old revolutionary 1>asee' in the aoa" where he visited Liu Lai-ti.
Forty-sbc-year-old Liu Lai-U was born in Wuyan1 VllJaee. Jwchin County, Kiangsi Province. Chou Kuang-Jun, her ..._ band, joined the Workers' and Peasonts' Red Army duriq tbe Second Revolutionary Civil War and later sacrificed his life m the War of Res1stan~ to Japanese Aggression. Cl.au Sbihhsuan, her eldest son, la a People's IJberation Army man 'ltlo has fought many battles. He is now honoured with a PQll In the ~oth ?rland's coastal d.etense. Chou Shlh-huna, her leCUld ~on, IS a member ol the Chinese People's Volunteers and u ficbt· mg on the Korean front. Respondina to Chairman Mao's CID, "Foster the tradition ot revolution and struggle for imm clory", ahe is actively engaging in production. In a confenm ol model heroes held in Kiangsi Pro vince in March, l&Sl a was awarded the tiU o! rupcrlor model worker ~.
rt • • -ma YT drpendant," and "model armyman' dcpendan(" Ja the same year she was elected a representative o! the old,._ volutionary bases of the South and wu invited to the capila1 as a eucst to the National Day celcbraUoru. Later on sbe ta part in the third meeting ol the Firat National Committee ct the People's Political Consultative Conference.
'Ibis modest woman has to her credit a history of rnolu· tionary struggle. During the Second Revolutionary Civil War ahe was a women'• representative, took an active part in the "poor peasants league," and led the massa in their struggles. During the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, her bomestad was aadly devastated by the Kuomlntana rcactionanes; her Gl
and furniture were taken away, her house was burnt to ~ and her eldest son wns press-ganged. But she continued her
Liu LaJ.tJ writes lo btr n • rvl the ID&n.J prh11eaea Use famt11 e:fo In a coaalal d~tcnu wiU In Eu& ClllD&, tellln&' bJm about
n and aralna b lm lo aene Use llo&berland d cvetedJ1
- .~..;:ii~_...~.omll'!!9'~ft,oft'~~~·Al~
U• L&l·U ,....... a eow fNGa laD4 reform. i.1t 7ur Ute eow ..._. a ealf. To belp bu Inc,.... proditeiloA &lie People"• Oennam.cU pnMA&e4 b• wUll a 1lnu.1 ea aDd llWIJ IMW apical~ lmpJemmtt
berolc struU}e against th r actionarles, delivering irain or information through the enemy blockade to the suerrilla unlts of the Red Army. She hu now und r her care land nortruilly calculated to J'ieJd fourteen picUll of rice. In the daytime she works in the field, b the evening she attends to her house. Her crops are especially &ood, yielding everal piculs more than the normal amount.
Speaking ol the honours Sh bas received from the nation, She declared: ' 'My husband joined the Red Army; my eldest son joined the People's Liberation Army; my second son joined the people's \'Oluntcers; I nm a rcvoluUonary armyman•s dependant and olso a
model worker. I must ahow my eraUtude to the Communist P rty and to th honour that Chairman Mao and the broad masses have oontcJTCd upon me by concrete actiona. I shall 10 lo th fields before the sun rises and return home after the moon has com ouL 1 &hall
m wute land lo plant coane grain. I shall mobW all the dependant. of the armymcn, martyrs and workers in the village to learn the art of ploughlne. No one should reJy upon others to Ull hU or her land. Everyone must be able ·to cultivate bis land intensively, to harvest better crops, so u to support the people' volunteers, to oust Americnn Imperialism. and to struggl for ~Jn world pe cc."
ID 1151 Uu L&J.ll wu etntd a represe111.allH of \be e ld r voluUOJUllT baaee ID Snth CbJ.na and wu ln• Uttl to attend t.be NaUonal Da1 ot1t bnUona ID Use capllal. She alto a tk nded th• Wrd meetln~ of tbe FlrG NaUoual Commlt&ee ol Ule P pl•' __ ._ . ...._. __ . -----··-··-- "'--·----
From Cotton to Cloth I
CARDING-the eard1q maeltlae l'Ur&her cleam Ute cotton of abon ftbtta &Dd minor lmparUJe& 'fte
co&C.O .. &bm made lb&o card ......
Chlnn's textile industry is rapidly expanding. AlJUdy at end of 1950, the output or cotton yam and cloth had exmded hJghcst pro-war level Plans for 1952 adopted at tho National TmiJf Industry Conference held in Peking at the end of last year prOTlded for the lncrC3(? in production over t.hc figura for um ot 21.17 cent Jn cotton cloth, 81.151 per cent in gunny bngs, 25 per cent In m all , vOO per cent in spinning frames and 40 per cent in Output of cotton yarn for 1952 is expected to top tho blgbat prelcvcl by 39 per cent.
r111 &Uoo1b a llabbln• or '"1Dr frame and 1114 dnwn to an e-ren tblclme-. Tllfa ctnwlar lmpl&rtUa ln Ule Ua.lclcDal el &.be lll•en
Only a century ago, all cloth in China was made by hand. Over !ht~ however, this hand-weaving industry has been crushed
out of existence by a combination of the impcrinlist policy ot China u a dumping ground for cheap machine-made cloth
the establishment ot imperialist-owned texlile factories in Chino, worker worked lone hours for starvation rates of pny.
tt11 textile factories established by the natlonnl capitalists al£O from t.hil foreign competition.
Since land reform has brought pro pcrlty to the peasants, their demand for machine-made cloth has providt'd a brisk
BEDDLISG-tb • rp Uuuda an pldtd lbre111la lite htdclle e1ea s. tbe latlat' of
lbe loom
market for the cotton textile industry. Proof of the popular ppeal of the gaily coloured machine-made prints is shown in the demand ot the Northeast, where 800,000 bolts of cloth were sold in 1947, l,200,000 in 1948, and 3,200,000 ln 1949.
Higher purchnsing power h not only led to inc:rcru;cd les of cloth but to a d mnnd for th finer fabrics. Factories ln North China, the Northensl ond the Northwest. who production In the past hn.s been connncd lo the coarser cloths, re now turning to th manufacture of more dcUcatc f bric:s.
Wl.A~O - a scpuat• tbe •-arp Uu~ a.ad beatl ap tbe wd1 tbrudt, weavLD1 Utt' 1U'D lnto clo&b
CHINA DAY BY DAY
International lndustrlal Exhibition in Bombay-Among cxhJblUn were the Sovi t Union, Chin , India, Czcchoslo\-akli Hungary, Atcanlstan and Iraq. Som 150,000 people visited Chinese section to vi w Ute plcndJd chlevemcnta made ai hbcration. Above: A roup of visitors inspect lathe mam:
factured in Chin
Recent achievements of the ShanghaJ Shipyard-Above: A floating shipyard which may be moved anywhere for mobile repair work. Below: 'lbc first teamer manufactured in China.
I.and redamaUon:....C:lingUenwu of KUWcn, Hope.I Province, w once
t~ ct of fortil arabl land. Under Kuomfntan rule. th ~nts were forbidd n to continue cuJUvaUon for fear of Communist infiltration, and the land was left to become a derelict harbouring ground for locusts. Last year more than 150 students and workers volunteered to carry out the work of reclamation. So successful have they been that the peasants nr lrcady ebl to sow Ute IMd for thla yc~ar's early crops Left: A mobll repair shop s t up by the workers and students durln
the work of reclamation
•
orkera go to hoo)-Ejghty-Iour model workers from t~e various industrlcs nnd ngrlculture have bc<'n selected by the Peoples Government of North t ChJna, t.h Northeast Tr de Unlon Council and the Norlhcnst branch of the New Democratic Youth League for a period of tudy In the Northeast Experimental Short-t nn Middle School for
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Workers and Peasants
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~ -China' fi l trnlning in afrplane:modcl mnklng-More than three hundred young enthusiasts nllcnded the cl Chlnn's vast dislanceJS nnd difficult
tcrrGln promise a bright future for dvil aviation
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Sh nghal textil cngln create national rerord in cl nin lime during the patriotic production movement-Chen Sheng-ming nd his t nm of cngin rs ln n Shanghai textlle factory, reduced the lime for denning a ring frame to only twenty minutes. The n~w ~ thod, ,f nut lntn 1 ..u ..__ .-:i- ......,.~-- ;,.. c:i. ..... ahol unll 1nrrl'DJU'I
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CHINA PICTORIAL
I rch 1952
CO TE 'TS
Worker• ol Foochow Pow r Plant
Celf!bration ol th S cond Annlu raary ol the Sino-Soul t Treaty ol Fri nd1hip, Alli· anc11, and Mutual A1 Iitanc
American Germ War/are in Kor a and China
ErJ1denc11 ol Bacterlologital \Var/a"' Wag d by th11 American Aggra1 ora
.. The Fithtina Front ol Economy ..
Happy Marrlagc11 Break Throuah Feudal ldea1
Tho Ticnlrin Pap r Mill
Chlna·s Paper Industry
The 29th AnnlverlCUy ol th ••Februar)' 1 Movement''
.. Uf• Farm Tog th i' Chlneae Pea anti lVelrom SorJI t Farm
Machin ry Agricultural D mon1tration C ntre1
Th Nine-Dragon Wall
Jn the Baille Aaalnst lllllcracy
Rural Education-"'Lat the Peopl Tt1ach the People''
Meuengera of Democracy
Propaganda M etlna Behind tho Enemy Une1 DurlnlJ th ~or ol Re611tance to Japane1'1 Aegr 1rion .... Waler-colour painting by Chang Huai-chlani
Progreu in H auy lndu1try
Worker1' lnlllatiu R le06 • Latent Pow r• ol Production
China Prepares to Honour Four Great Cele· britics
Tienl8in-Economic Centre ol 'North Chlna W.. Lai·ti-A Heroine ol New China
From Collon to Cloth
China Day b)' Day
A montHy pictorial rN~nc ocf.ted and putlbhocl by CHINA P CTORIAL
78 Pel Chang OiJeh. Pddng, Oline
Prfnfed by China Pk:lorla! ~ Peking
O!:brtbutilld by GUOZI SHUOIAN SB Suchou Hutll'lg. Pelc ng. Ollna
Back cover: Children tlying kites on Tien An Men Squar
00 ECTION: In th art1cl e!ntllled ~dl\lorUll
Chin Medical PracUce Undc:rgOCJ Reform" in our
issue of .JanWU7 um th word 'fomentation' &hoU1d read 'moxlbus11on' <burnlns with max> throughout
tbc arUcle. ntc sentcnee ln the 11.xth Un on the
scccmd page of the article commcnclna HFomcntaUon
on the other hnnd .. . . " should be deleted.
