STAKEHOLDER MEETING ON THE ACTIVE AGEING INDEXBrussels - 17 June 2019
*: INRCA – IRCCS: Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing
Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing - Via S. Margherita 5, 60124, Ancona, Italy;
E-mail: [email protected]
2018 Active Ageing Index (AAI):
analytical report
Giovanni Lamura & Andrea Principi*
Outline of presentation
1. Introduction
2. AAI in the European Union:
a. Situation in 2016
b. Trends in 2008-2016
c. Subnational AAI
d. Inequalities in AAI
3. Linking the AAI to European Semester & MIPAA
4. Final remarks
Introduction
• Aim of this report: to provide a range of examples on how the
AAI can be used as a practical tool by policymakers, researchers
and other interested parties to identify areas where appropriate
policies can realise the active potential of older people
• the AAI conceptual framework: multidimensional perspective,
taking into account two main aspects:
• different forms through which older persons contribute to
society and economy
• environmental factors which enable them to be more active
→ the AAI measures the “degree of active ageing” achieved at
macro-level (does not capture preferences at individual level)
The Active Ageing Index
“Active A
gein
g Index p
roje
ct. h
ttps://s
tats
wik
i.unece.o
rg/d
ispla
y/A
AI/A
ctive+
Agein
g+
Index+
Hom
e"
Outline of presentation
1. Introduction
2. AAI in the European Union:
a. Situation in 2016
b. Trends in 2008-2016
c. Subnational AAI
d. Inequalities in AAI
3. Linking the AAI to European Semester & MIPAA
4. Final remarks
2018 AAI for EU-28 countries (overall & by domain)
Country Employment Social participationIndependent, healthy &
secure living
Capacity & enabling
environment
Overall
scoreBelgium 23.8 27.0 74.1 62.8 37.7
Bulgaria 30.5 9.7 67.6 55.9 32.0
Czech Republic 34.2 16.2 71.5 58.7 36.5
Denmark 40.6 21.7 75.5 66.6 42.7
Germany 39.4 15.9 74.1 63.6 39.5
Estonia 44.5 14.3 69.0 53.2 38.1
Ireland 35.4 18.8 73.6 63.2 39.0
Greece 20.6 11.8 67.9 50.0 28.1
Spain 25.7 16.2 75.1 59.7 34.1
France 26.9 26.2 73.8 62.2 38.4
Croatia 21.2 15.8 69.0 49.4 29.7
Italy 28.0 17.3 69.9 55.9 34.0
Cyprus 30.8 19.4 72.6 54.9 35.8
Latvia 37.9 17.8 61.6 50.2 35.7
Lithuania 37.9 11.1 67.2 48.5 33.6
Luxembourg 20.2 23.8 74.9 62.2 35.3
Hungary 27.5 11.6 67.9 51.0 30.7
Malta 25.6 20.9 71.5 60.5 35.5
Netherlands 36.3 26.6 74.2 64.7 42.4
Austria 27.2 18.8 78.3 60.0 35.9
Poland 26.5 13.1 71.6 52.7 31.5
Portugal 33.4 11.9 71.7 54.2 33.9
Romania 28.9 13.6 65.9 44.6 30.4
Slovenia 21.3 15.7 70.2 55.5 31.0
Slovakia 26.3 16.1 74.3 52.9 32.8
Finland 35.7 22.6 75.7 63.1 40.6
Sweden 45.4 26.0 76.9 71.2 46.9
United Kingdom 39.3 20.7 75.5 63.9 41.3
EU average 31.1 17.9 71.8 57.5 35.8
Clustering of countries
• Purpose: to show AAI results in an easily understandable and
usable format for both monitoring and political purposes.
• Methodology: hierarchical cluster analysis to identify, within the
EU Member States, groups of cases that present the “maximum
similarity” within each group and are, at the same time, as different
as possible from the other groups.
• Number of clusters:
• k-means method was applied
• Indicators: the AAI domain-specific scores of each country
• grouping of countries into three, four, five and six groups was
tested: four-cluster solution had the smallest number of
“outliers”
AAI: country clusters
2018 AAI by domain and country clusters
Country
clusters*Employment
Social
participation
Independent,
healthy &
secure living
Capacity &
enabling
environment
Overall
1 25.6 14.1 69.9 52.8 31.4
2 25.7 22.7 74.2 60.4 36.4
3 37.5 15.1 69.8 55.9 36.6
4 39.4 23.5 75.6 65.9 42.8
Total 31.1 17.9 71.8 57.5 35.8
Clusters contain following countries:
1. Green: Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain;
2. Red: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, France, Luxembourg, Malta;
3. Blue: Czech Republic, Estonia, Ireland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal;
4. Yellow: Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom.
Difference between country clusters 2018 AAI
scores and EU average
Country
clustersEmployment
Social
participation
Independent,
healthy &
secure living
Capacity &
enabling
environment
Overall
1 -17.5 -21.2 - 2.6 - 8.3 -12.2
2 -17.3 26.9 3.3 5.0 1.7
3 20.7 -15.3 - 2.8 - 2.8 2.2
4 26.9 31.6 5.2 14.6 19.4
Total 31.1 17.9 71.8 57.5 35.8Legend:
Over 20% above EU average
Between 10% and 19.9% above EU average
Up to 9.9% above EU average
Up to –9.9% below EU average
Between –10% and –19.9% below EU average
Under –20% below EU average
Countries by clusters: 2018 AAI domain-specific scores and difference from EU-average
Clusters Countries
Difference from EU-average
Employment Social participationIndependent, healthy
& secure living
Capacity & enabling
environment
1
Greece -33.8 -33.8 -5.4 -13.1
Croatia -31.8 -11.4 -4.0 -14.2
Romania -7.1 -23.7 -8.3 -22.6
Hungary -11.5 -35.1 -5.4 -11.3
Slovenia -31.6 -12.3 -2.3 -3.6
Poland -14.8 -26.9 -0.4 -8.5
Bulgaria -1.9 -46.0 -5.9 -2.9
Slovakia -15.4 -10.2 3.5 -8.0
Italy -10.0 -3.0 -2.6 -2.8
Spain -17.5 -9.6 4.6 3.7
2
Luxembourg -35.1 33.1 4.3 8.0
Malta -17.7 16.7 -0.5 5.1
Cyprus -1.0 8.6 1.1 -4.6
Austria -12.7 4.9 9.0 4.3
Belgium -23.4 51.0 3.2 9.1
France -13.6 46.8 2.7 8.0
3
Lithuania 21.9 -38.1 -6.5 -15.7
Portugal 7.3 -33.3 -0.2 -5.8
Latvia 22.0 -0.4 -14.3 -12.7
Czech Republic 10.1 -9.6 -0.5 2.0
Estonia 43.1 -19.8 -4.0 -7.6
Ireland 13.7 5.3 2.5 9.8
Germany 26.7 -11.1 3.2 10.6
4
Finland 14.9 26.6 5.4 9.7
United Kingdom 26.2 15.9 5.1 11.0
Netherlands 16.6 48.6 3.3 12.5
Denmark 30.6 21.4 5.2 15.8
Sweden 46.0 45.5 7.0 23.8
Gender gap in the overall 2018 AAI score (= difference between women’s and men’s scores)
-20.0 -15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0
EstoniaFinlandFranceLithuaniaBelgiumDenmarkSwedenLatviaBulgariaSlovakiaSloveniaPolandUnited KingdomCroatiaCzech RepublicEU28SpainRomaniaGreeceHungaryGermanyItalyIrelandPortugalLuxembourgAustriaCyprusNetherlandsMalta
Gender gap in the 2018 AAI score for employment
-20.0 -15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0
Estonia
Finland
Latvia
France
Lithuania
Slovenia
Sweden
Bulgaria
Slovakia
Belgium
Spain
Luxembourg
Germany
Croatia
EU28
Austria
Denmark
Hungary
United Kingdom
Greece
Romania
Czech Republic
Portugal
Poland
Cyprus
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Malta
Gender gap in the 2018 AAI score for social participation
-20.0 -15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0
Poland
Denmark
United Kingdom
Romania
Czech Republic
Lithuania
France
Finland
Belgium
Greece
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Slovakia
Italy
Croatia
Malta
Sweden
EU28
Spain
Estonia
Ireland
Hungary
Portugal
Germany
Netherlands
Latvia
Cyprus
Austria
Luxembourg
Gender gap in the 2018 AAI score for independent living
-20.0 -15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0
HungaryCroatiaMaltaDenmarkSlovakiaItalySpainGreeceFinlandBelgiumIrelandPortugalSwedenUnited KingdomCzech RepublicCyprusEU28PolandLuxembourgGermanyFranceAustriaNetherlandsRomaniaEstoniaLatviaSloveniaBulgariaLithuania
Gender gap in the 2018 AAI score for capacity & enabling environment
-20.0 -15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0
EstoniaLithuaniaIrelandFinlandPolandFranceLatviaCzech RepublicSwedenDenmarkHungaryBulgariaBelgiumEU28CroatiaUnited KingdomAustriaSlovakiaGermanyLuxembourgMaltaPortugalSloveniaItalyGreeceSpainNetherlandsRomaniaCyprus
Outline of presentation
1. Introduction
2. AAI in the European Union:
a. Situation in 2016
b. Trends in 2008-2016
c. Subnational AAI
d. Inequalities in AAI
3. Linking the AAI to European Semester & MIPAA
4. Final remarks
Evolution of the overall AAI score in EU country clusters between 2008 & 2016
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
-2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
Greece
Slovenia
Romania
Portugal
Croatia
Ireland
United Kingdom
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Cyprus
Latvia
Spain
EU28
Finland
Italy
Denmark
Bulgaria
Netherlands
Poland
Hungary
Estonia
Sweden
Germany
Austria
Czech Republic
France
Belgium
Slovakia
Malta
-2.5 -0.5 1.5 3.5 5.5 7.5
WomenMen
Change in the overall AAI score in EU countries between 2008 & 2016, by gender
Evolution of the AAI score for employment in EU country clusters 2008-2016
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Change in the AAI score for employment in EU countries 2008 & 2016, by gender
-5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0
Hungary
Germany
Malta
Italy
Poland
Lithuania
Czech Republic
France
Slovakia
Denmark
Netherlands
Estonia
Belgium
Austria
Bulgaria
Sweden
Finland
United Kingdom
EU28
Slovenia
Ireland
Luxembourg
Spain
Latvia
Croatia
Portugal
Cyprus
Greece
Romania
Evolution of the AAI score for social participation in EU country clusters 2008-16
10
15
20
25
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Change in the AAI score for social participation in EU countries 2008-16, by gender
-2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
Belgium
Luxembourg
Cyprus
Malta
France
Spain
Sweden
Netherlands
Finland
Latvia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Croatia
Ireland
Romania
Austria
EU28
Slovakia
United Kingdom
Portugal
Estonia
Greece
Bulgaria
Poland
Italy
Germany
Slovenia
Lithuania
Hungary
-6.0 -1.0 4.0 9.0
Women
Men
Evolution of the AAI score for independent living in EU country clusters 2008-16
65
70
75
80
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Change in the AAI score for independent living in EU countries 2008-16, by gender
-4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
NetherlandsSloveniaFinlandDenmarkHungaryFranceIrelandLuxembourgMaltaSwedenCzech RepublicGermanyBelgiumEU28ItalyLithuaniaPolandGreeceEstoniaUnited KingdomPortugalCroatiaSpainSlovakiaCyprusAustriaRomaniaLatviaBulgaria
-4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
Women
Men
Evolution of the AAI score for capacity & enabling environment in EU country
clusters 2008-2016
45
50
55
60
65
70
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Change in the AAI score for capacity & enabling environment in EU countries
In 2008-2016, by gender
-5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0
Women
Men
-1.0 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0
GreeceCroatiaLuxembourgUnited KingdomRomaniaDenmarkBelgiumSloveniaNetherlandsLithuaniaFinlandFranceSpainEU28ItalyPolandCzech RepublicHungaryIrelandLatviaSwedenBulgariaPortugalAustriaGermanyEstoniaCyprusMaltaSlovakia
Overall AAI: gender gap in 2016 and change by gender 2008-16
-4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
Women
Men
-8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0
Malta
Netherlands
Cyprus
Austria
Luxembourg
Portugal
Ireland
Italy
Germany
Hungary
Greece
Romania
Spain
EU28
Czech Republic
Croatia
United Kingdom
Poland
Slovenia
Slovakia
Bulgaria
LatviaSwedenDenmark
Belgium
Lithuania
France
Finland
Estonia
Outline of presentation
1. Introduction
2. AAI in the European Union:
a. Situation in 2016
b. Trends in 2008-2016
c. Subnational AAI
d. Inequalities in AAI
3. Linking the AAI to European Semester & MIPAA
4. Final remarks
SUBNATIONAL AAI
• NUTS 1: Italy
• NUTS 2: Poland
• NUTS 3: Germany & Biscay (Spain)
Overa
ll AA
I an
d g
ender
gap in
Italy
, 2016
OVERALL AAI
GENDER GAP
Overall AAI in Poland
2013 and 2015
OVERALL AAI
GENDER GAP
Overall AAI and gender
gap in 30 German
territories (2012-2015)
Overall AAI in Biscay, trend 2014-2018
Outline of presentation
1. Introduction
2. AAI in the European Union:
a. Situation in 2016
b. Trends in 2008-2016
c. Subnational AAI
d. Inequalities in AAI
3. Linking the AAI to European Semester & MIPAA
4. Final remarks
AAI scores (overall) and GDP per capita in EU28
AustriaBelgium
BulgariaCroatia
CyprusCzech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland Portugal
Romania
SlovakiaSlovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
25 30 35 40 45 50
GD
P p
er
cap
ita,
PP
P (
con
stan
t 2
01
1
inte
rnat
ion
al $
)
2018 Active Ageing Index, overall
AAI scores (overall) and income inequality (Gini index) in EU28
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
MaltaNetherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
25
30
35
40
25 30 35 40 45 50
Gin
i in
dex
-In
eq
ual
ity
2018 Active Ageing Index, overall
AAI scores (overall) and and life satisfaction among 65+ in EU28
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
CyprusCzech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
FranceGermany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
LatviaLithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
RomaniaSlovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
25 30 35 40 45 50
Life
sat
isfa
ctio
n
2018 Active Ageing Index, overall
Overall AAI by educational level
20
25
30
35
40
2008 2010 2012 2014
Low
Intermediate
High
20
25
30
35
40
2007 2009 2012 2016
Low
Intermediate
High
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Low
Intermediate
High
Germany
Italy
Poland
Overall AAI by educational level
20
25
30
35
40
2008 2010 2012 2014
Low
Intermediate
High
20
25
30
35
40
2007 2009 2012 2016
Low
Intermediate
High
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Low
Intermediate
High
Germany
Italy
Poland
Overall AAI by sex
Italy
Poland
20
25
30
35
40
2007 2009 2012 2016
Women
Men
20
25
30
35
40
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Women
Men
Overall AAI by living place
Germany
Italy
Poland
20
25
30
35
40
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Rural
Semi-urban
Urban
20
25
30
35
2007 2009 2012 2016
Rural
Semi-urban
Urban
20
25
30
35
40
2008 2010 2012 2014
Rural
Semi-urban
Urban
Outline of presentation
1. Introduction
2. AAI in the European Union:
a. Situation in 2016
b. Trends in 2008-2016
c. Subnational AAI
d. Inequalities in AAI
3. Linking the AAI to European Semester & MIPAA
4. Final remarks
Policy coordination processes aimed at monitoring
& guiding interventions to promote active ageing
• European Semester:
• 28 EU countries
• yearly monitoring
• assessment of national governments’ plans which gives rise to a
set of country-specific recommendations (CSRs), primarily
focused on economic goals (employment, economic growth &
public finances); social & environmental goals less relevant
• Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing and its
Regional Implementation Strategy (MIPAA/RIS):
• 56 countries covered by United Nations Economic Commission
for Europe (UNECE)
• five-year cycles
• more focused on ageing-related matters, and broader spectrum of
policy areas covered (via 10 commitments)
Correspondence between
AAI-domains & MIPAA/RIS commitments
2017 MIPAA/RIS
areas of commitment*
AAI domains
EmploymentParticipation
in society
Independent,
healthy & secure
living
Capacity &
enabling
environment
2. Full integration and participation of older
persons 3. Equitable & sustainable economic growth 4. Adjusted social protection systems 5. Responsive labour markets 6. Lifelong learning and education 7. Quality of life, independent living, health
and well-being 8. Mainstreaming gender 9. Supporting families providing care and
promoting intergenerational solidarity *: Two MIPAA/RIS-commitments are cross-cutting and therefore not considered in the analysis carried out here:
1. mainstream ageing in all policy fields with the aim of bringing societies/economies into harmony with demographic change to achieve a society for all ages
10. promote the implementation and follow-up of the Regional Implementation Strategy through regional cooperation.
Challenges highlighted by AAI, 2018 ES-CSRs &
2017 MIPAA/RIS NRs: the Romanian exampleC
ou
ntr
y
AAI
domain
Challenges highlighted by: According to the AAI
results, this dimension
should be addressed by
next monitoring round of:AAI
2018 ES-CSRs
(sorted by AAI
domains)
2017 MIPAA/RIS
national reports (sorted
by area of commitment)
total*
as
gender
gap^
E S I Cgender
gap2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ES-CSRs
MIPAA/RIS
national
reports
Romania
Employment X X X X X
Social
participation X X X
Independent
livingX
Capacity &
enabling env.X X X X X
*: 10% or more below the EU-28 average
^: AAI domain-specific score for women being 10 points or more below that scored by men
2018 AAI domain-specific scores for selected countries
belonging to different clusters & deviation from EU-average C
lust
ers
Countries
Domain-specific scores:
Overall
Deviation from EU-average
EmploymentSocial
participation
Independent
, healthy &
secure living
Capacity &
enabling
environment
EmploymentSocial
participation
Independent,
healthy &
secure living
Capacity &
enabling
environment
1 Hungary 27.5 11.6 67.9 51.0 30.7 -11.5 -35.1 -5.4 -11.3
2 Belgium 23.8 27.0 74.1 62.8 37.7 -23.4 51.0 3.2 9.1
3 Lithuania 37.9 11.1 67.2 48.5 33.6 21.9 -38.1 -6.5 -15.7
4 Netherlands 36.3 26.6 74.2 64.7 42.4 16.6 48.6 3.3 12.5
EU average 31.1 17.9 71.8 57.5 35.8 - - - -
Legend:
Over 20% above EU average
Between 10% and 19.9% above EU average
Up to 9.9% above EU average
Up to –9.9% below EU average
Between –10% and –19.9% below EU average
Under –20% below EU average
Deviation from the EU average of the 2018 AAI values for all
22 indicators in 4 countries belonging to different clusters
Clu
ster
Country
Employment Social participation Independent, healthy and secure livingCapacity and enabling environment for
active ageing
1.1
Rat
e
55-
59
1.2
Rate
60-64
1.3
Rate
65-69
1.4
Rate
70-74
Gende
r Gap
(point
s)
2.1
Volun
tary
activit
ies
2.2
Care
to
childr
en,
grand-
childr
en
2.3 Care
to older
adults
2.4
Political
particip
ation
Gende
r Gap
(point
s)
3.1
Physical
exercise
3.2 No
unmet
needs of
health
and
dental
care
3.3
Indepen
dent
living
arrange
ments
3.4
Relati
ve
media
n
incom
e
3.5 No
povert
y risk
3.6 No
severe
materi
al
depriv
ation
3.7
Physic
al
safety
3.8
Lifelo
ng
learni
ng
Gender
Gap
(points)
4.1 RLE
achieve
ment of
50 years
at age 55
4.2
Share of
healthy
life
years in
the RLE
at age 55
4.3
Menta
l well-
being
4.4
Use of
ICT
4.5 Social
connected
ness
4.6
Educatio
nal
attainme
nt
Gender
Gap
(points)
1 HU 0.1-
23.0
-
61.0
-
59.5
-
10.0
-
90.113.7 -54.5 -69.0 -1.6 -77.2 -35.0 -3.0 19.8 5.1 -4.5 8.4
-
68.6-1.1 -13.6 -13.5 6.3
-
13.2-69.6 14.2 0,5
2 BE-
9.6
-
39.5
-
65.4
-
68.9-6.7 50.1 11.5 80.5 29.3 2.8 -14.8 8.8 2.5 -8.8 1.5 4.2 5.7
-
52.7-2.1 2.9 5.6 11.8 14.0 7.9 -11.6 0,1
3 LT 8.4 20.3 40.5 -0.4 -3.3-
75.8
-
37.9-27.2 -48.8 3.3 -7.9 -2.2 -2.6
-
15.4-8.1 -12.0
-
26.4
-
63.4-12.8 -12.1 -20.2
-
16.0
-
33.6-59.9 37.2 4,3
4 NL 4.3 26.7 -3.6 -6.6-
14.0
152.
8-2.3 29.4 51.2 -3.0 64.8 2.8 10.7 -1.2 5.1 5.1 12.2 42.7 -3.1 1.8 -4.0 11.0 42.9 35.2 -2.5 -2,3
EU2869,
941.8 13.6 6.4 -8.5 9.9 25.9 19.6 21.0 0.7 18.3 86.4 88.4 83.4 92.3 94.0 73.6 6.1 -3.2 55.8 55.1 75.2 58.8 54.1 64.7 -0.1
Legend (only data below average have been highlighted by different nuances of colour):
Up to –9.9% below EU average
Between –10% and –19.9% below EU average
Under –20% below EU average
Employment Social participation Independent, healthy and secure livingCapacity and enabling environment
for active ageing
Country1.1 Rate
55-59
1.2 Rate
60-64
1.3 Rate
65-69
1.4
Rate
70-74
Gender
Gap
(points)
2.1
Voluntar
y
activities
2.2 Care
to
children,
grand-
children
2.3 Care to
older adults
2.4 Political
participatio
n
Gender
Gap
(points)
3.1 Physical
exercise
3.2 No
unmet needs
of health
and dental
care
3.3
Independent
living
arrangement
s
3.4
Relative
median
income
3.5 No
poverty
risk
3.6 No
severe
material
deprivatio
n
3.7
Physical
safety
3.8
Lifelong
learning
Gender Gap
(points)
4.1 RLE
achievement
of 50 years
at age 55
4.2 Share of
healthy life
years in the
RLE at age
55
4.3
Mental
well-
being
4.4 Use of
ICT
4.5 Social
connectedness
4.6
Educational
attainment
Gender Gap
(points)
FI 5.7 5.6 0.2-
0.37.4 3.2 -5.6 7.1 10.3 2.3 29.0 -10.6 8.1 -0.7 5.3 4.3 18.6 7.4 2.1 1.4 -5.5
12.
918.2 4.0 9.5 2,2
UK 3.5 10.0 7.7 4.1 -1.6 4.2 -7.0 0.7 10.8 3.4 1.3 4.8 4.9 5.5 -2.3 4.8 5.5 1.4 0.4 1.2 3.5 2.5 22.2 8.9 2.4 -0,3
NL 3.0 11.2 -0.5-
0.4-5.5 15.2 -0.6 5.8 10.8 -3.6 11.9 2.4 9.4 -1.0 4.7 4.8 9.0 2.6 0.1 1.0 -2.2 8.3 25.2 19.0 -1.6 -2,2
DK 10.7 12.2 5.4 2.4 -1.4 9.5 -8.0 -0.5 12.1 4.5 9.5 2.3 10.8 -8.5 6.3 5.2 14.9 13.2 3.2 -0.2 5.112.
328.2 12.4 5.6 0,7
SE 13.3 25.7 8.2 2.6 3.2 7.8 -4.2 1.9 27.4 0.3 19.4 2.4 10.6 -6.2 2.8 5.7 15.2 11.6 1.3 2.4 23.9 8.0 27.2 13.1 8.1 0,9
EU28 69,9 41.8 13.6 6.4 -8.5 9.9 25.9 19.6 21.0 0.7 18.3 86.4 88.4 83.4 92.3 94.0 73.6 6.1 -3.2 55.8 55.175.
258.8 54.1 64.7 -0.1
N.B.: cells in yellow highlight a value below the EU average (expressed in absolute points).
Deviation from the EU average of the 2018 AAI 22 indicators
in the countries belonging to yellow cluster 4
Outline of presentation
1. Introduction
2. AAI in the European Union:
a. Situation in 2016
b. Trends in 2008-2016
c. Subnational AAI
d. Inequalities in AAI
3. Linking the AAI to European Semester & MIPAA
4. Final remarks
Final remarks & challenges for the future (1/2)
• AAI can deliver a wealth of information through (nationally,
regionally or locally) comparable datasets, to support monitoring
of progress in implementing active ageing policies
• Going beyond country-ranking of score averages, clusters of
countries sharing similar features allow to focus on common
challenges
• Future applications of the AAI should try to:
• focus on inequalities leading to marginalisation of vulnerable
groups (e.g. persons characterised by socio-economic
deprivation, poorer health, or having a migration background)
• pay more attention to the oldest age groups by using more
detailed, age-disaggregated AAI-related data
• understand what active ageing means in residential care settings
• Encourage users to experiment with it and build their own
“personalised AAI”:
• guidelines on how to calculate the AAI in different
contexts provide a set of helpful and user-friendly
instructions
• web-based data visualisation tool allows users to change
the weights of domains and indicators, build the AAI for
specific subgroups & visualise its development over time
• research more on the relation between the AAI (reflecting
the macro-level) and individual well-being (at micro-level)
• Progressing on these issues will allow the AAI to show that the
ageing of our societies is not a negative process per se, given the
remarkable contribution of older people in different areas.
Final remarks & challenges for the future (2/2)
Thank you!
The 22 AAI indicators: EMPLOYMENT (weight: 35)
Indicator (& weight)
Source Variable / survey question
1.1Employment rate 55-59 (25)
EU-LFS
Those who during the reference week performed work, even for just one hour a week, for pay, profit or family gain
+ those who were not at work but had a job or business from which they were temporarily absent because of, e.g., illness, holidays, industrial dispute or education and training.
1.2Employment rate 60-64 (25)
1.3Employment rate 65-69 (25)
1.4Employment rate 70-74 (25)
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION (weight: 35)
Indicator Source Variable / survey question
2.1Voluntary activities (25)
EQLS
How often did you do unpaid voluntary work through the following organisations in the last 12 months (share of 55+ who answered at least once a week)
2.2
Care to children and grandchildren*(25)
In general, how often are you involved in any of the following activities outside of paid work? a. Caring for and/or educating your children; b. Caring for and/or educating your grandchildren (share of those 55+ who answered at least once a week)
2.3
Care to infirm and disabled* (30)
In general, how often are you involved in any of the following activities outside of paid work? d. Caring for disabled or infirm family members, neighbours or friends under 75 years old; e. Caring for disabled or infirm family members, neighbours or friends aged 75 or over (share of those aged 55+ who answered at least once a week)
2.4
Political participation (20)
Over the last 12 months, have you …? a. Attended a meeting of a trade union, a political party or political action group; b. Attended a protest/demonstration; c. Signed a petition; d. Contacted a politician/public official (other than routine contact) (share of those 55+ who answered yes)
INDEPENDENT, HEALTHY & SECURE LIVING (weight: 10)
Indicator Source Variable / survey question
3.1Physical exercise (10)
EQLSPercentage of people aged 55+ undertaking physical exercise or sport almost every day.
3.2Access to health services (20)
EU-SILC
Percentage of people aged 55+ who report no unmet need for medical and dental examination or treatment during the last 12 months.
3.3Independent living arrangements (20)
Share of persons aged 75+ living in single or couple households
3.4Relative median income (10)
Ratio of the median equivalised disposable income of people aged 65+ to the median equivalised disposable income of those aged below 65.
3.5No poverty risk (10)
% of people aged 65+ who are not at risk of poverty (with an equivaliseddisposable income after social transfers below the at risk-of-poverty threshold = 50% of national median equivalised disposable income after social transfers)
3.6
No severe material deprivation (10)
Share of people aged 65+ who are not severely materially deprived (= enforced inability to afford at least four out of the following nine items: to pay their rent, mortgage or utility bills; to keep their home adequately warm; to face unexpected expenses; to eat meat or proteins regularly; to go on holiday; a television set; a washing machine; a car; a telephone).
3.7Physical safety (10)
ESSHow safe do you — or would you — feel walking alone in your local area or neighbourhood after dark? (% of those aged 55+ feeling safe or very safe)
3.8Lifelong learning (10)
EU-LFSDid you attend any courses, seminars, conferences or received private lessons or instructions within or outside the regular education system within the last 4 weeks? (% people aged 55-74 who answered yes)
CAPACITY & ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR ACTIVE AGEING
(weight: 20)
Indicator Source Variable / survey question
4.1
Remaining life expectancy at age 55 (33)
Eurostat
Remaining life expectancy at 55 divided by 50 to calculate the proportion of life expectancy achievement in the target of 105 years of life expectancy.
4.2
Share of healthy life expectancy at age 55 (23)
Eurostat & EU-SILC
The proportion of years spent free of activity limitation caused by health problems in the remaining life expectancy at 55.
4.3 Mental well-being (17)
EQLSShare of people aged 55+ scoring above 13 points in the WHO-5 questionnaire.
4.4 Use of ICT (7)Eurostat ICT Survey
How often on average have you used Internet in the last 3 months? (share of those aged 55-74 who answered “at least once a week” or more often).
4.5
Social connectedness (13)
ESS
How often socially meet with friends, relatives or colleagues? (share of people aged 55+ who answered “at least once a week”, or more often).
4.6Educational attainment (7)
EU-LFSShare of those aged 55-74 with upper secondary or tertiary educational attainment (ISCED 3 or higher).
