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Shear strength evaluation of bentonite stabilised with recycled materials (Article)
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Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, AustraliaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
AbstractThe volumetric deviations in montmorillonite-rich clays like bentonite render such soils unsuitable to supportoverlying pavement and foundation structures. Moreover, green construction and sustainable waste managementpractices have adapted use of waste recycled materials for engineering purposes. This study explores the feasibility ofusing recycled construction and demolition waste and ground granulated blast furnace slag for developing shearstrength properties of bentonite clay. Direct shear tests were performed on specimens from bentonite and bentonite-stabiliser composites to evaluate the effect of both stabilisers under different curing times and percentages.Microanalyses were conducted to obtain microstructural, mineralogical and elemental composition of the stabilisedand unstabilised samples. Results exhibit that shear strength increased with increasing stabiliser percentages andcuring time, and the effects were more enhanced on higher stabiliser dosages and curing periods. Sample cohesionvalue increased from 58.90 kPa for pure bentonite sample to 67.26 kPa for the maximum additive percentages of 5%slag and 20%construction waste (sample S3G5), after 28 days of curing. The internal friction angle also increased by7.3° from the pure sample to the S3G5 bentonite-stabilisers composite specimen. Peak shear stress values alsoshowed a development of 55.95 kPa after additive induction and 28 days curing, for 200 kPa of normal stress. Curingperiod also affected the development of cohesion and peak shear strength of the stabilised samples. Internal frictionalangle for sample S3G5 also escalated by 2.3°, after 28 days, from the 25.0° value after sample curing of 1 day.Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) spectra show thatstabilisers occupied vesicles and cracks found in construction waste particles, resulting in better particle interlockingmechanism and greater shear strength.
SciVal Topic Prominence
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Prominence percentile: 81.105
Reaxys Database Information
Author keywordsBentonite Recycled materials Shear strength
Indexed keywords
Engineeringcontrolled terms:
Adhesion Blast furnaces Cements Curing Demolition Energy dispersive spectroscopy
Friction Recycling Scanning electron microscopy Shear flow Shear strength
Shear stress Slags Soil testing Strength of materials Waste management
Engineeringuncontrolled terms
Construction and demolition waste Energy dispersive spectroscopies (EDS)
Ground granulated blast furnace slag Interlocking mechanisms Internal friction angle
Internal frictional angles Recycled materials Sustainable waste management
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Journal of GeoEngineeringVolume 11, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 59-73
Hasan, U.a Chegenizadeh, A.a Budihardjo, M.A.b Nikraz, H.a
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Slags | Viscosity | TiO2 content
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Investigation on shear strengthof stabilised clay using cement,sodium silicate and slag
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Journal of GeoEngineeringScopus coverage years: from 2006 to 2018Publisher: Taiwan Geotechnical SocietyISSN: 1990-8326Subject area: Earth and Planetary Sciences: Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
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Journal of GeoEngineeringCountry Taiwan - SIR Ranking of Taiwan 13
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Subject Area and Category Earth and Planetary Sciences Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Publisher Taiwan Geotechnical Society
Publication type Journals
ISSN 19908326
Coverage 2006-ongoing
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The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. Q1 (green)comprises the quarter of the journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the thirdhighest values and Q4 (red) the lowest values.
Category Year QuartileGeotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology 2007 Q2Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology 2008 Q2Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology 2009 Q3Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology 2010 Q2
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The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It isbased on the idea that 'all citations are not createdequal'. SJR is a measure of scienti�c in�uence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scienti�c in�uence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
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Cites per document Year ValueCites / Doc. (4 years) 2006 0.000Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2007 0.444Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2008 0.476Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2009 0.441
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journal'sself-citations received by a journal's publisheddocuments during the three previous years.
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
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Cites per document Year ValueCites / Doc. (4 years) 2010 0.596Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2011 0.449Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2012 0.275Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2013 0.571
Journal Self-citation is de�ned as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal.
Cites Year Value
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (i.e. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's publisheddocuments during the three previous years. Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journal’s documents.
Cit Y V l
% International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal'sdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry; that is including more than one country address.
Year International Collaboration2006 0.002007 16 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents
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Documents Year ValueN it bl d t 2006 0
Cited documents Uncited documents
Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three yearswindows, that have been cited at least once vs. thosenot cited during the following year.
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2006 0Uncited documents 2007 6Uncited documents 2008 15Uncited documents 2009 25
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