20.2 “Normalcy” 20.2 “Normalcy” and and IsolationismIsolationism

OBJECTIVE:OBJECTIVE:Understand the causes of post-war isolationism Understand the causes of post-war isolationism

and the immigration quota systemand the immigration quota system

PRESIDENT HARDINGPRESIDENT HARDING““America's present need is not America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration; not revolution, but restoration; not agitation, but adjustment; not agitation, but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the surgery, but serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; dramatic, but the dispassionate; not experiment, but equipoise; not experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in not submergence in internationality, but sustainment internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationalityin triumphant nationality...." ...."

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/wh29.html

Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact

1921: US invites nations to freeze naval 1921: US invites nations to freeze naval construction and begin disarmament.construction and begin disarmament.

1929: 64 nations had signed the 1929: 64 nations had signed the Kellogg-Kellogg-Briand PactBriand Pact, renouncing war as an , renouncing war as an instrument of diplomacy.instrument of diplomacy.

PROBLEMPROBLEM: The pact was : The pact was voluntaryvoluntary and and not enforceablenot enforceable..

America turns InwardAmerica turns Inward RED SCARERED SCARE

AG Mitchell Palmer – the Palmer RaidsAG Mitchell Palmer – the Palmer Raids the Buford Deportationsthe Buford Deportations IWW and SocialistsIWW and Socialists Sacco-Vanzetti trial and executionSacco-Vanzetti trial and execution

KKK’s NEW NATIVISMKKK’s NEW NATIVISM 5 million members in 1920’s5 million members in 1920’s Ultraconservative and anti-modernUltraconservative and anti-modern

NEW IMMIGRATION LAWS vs. “New Immigrants”NEW IMMIGRATION LAWS vs. “New Immigrants” Emergency Quota Act of 1921Emergency Quota Act of 1921 Immigration Act of 1924Immigration Act of 1924

WHO WAS BEING TARGETED???WHO WAS BEING TARGETED???

IMMIGRATION QUOTASIMMIGRATION QUOTAS US experience a wave of racism, lynchings, and US experience a wave of racism, lynchings, and

nativism after WWI.nativism after WWI. Immigration booms after WWIImmigration booms after WWI Quota SystemQuota System enacted to slow the flowenacted to slow the flow Quotas discriminate against Southern and Eastern Quotas discriminate against Southern and Eastern

Europeans, Roman Catholics and JewsEuropeans, Roman Catholics and JewsAND AND excludesexcludes Japanese. Japanese. http://www.phschool.com/curriculum_support/taks/images/PWU4ques10-11.jpghttp://www.phschool.com/curriculum_support/taks/images/PWU4ques10-11.jpg

21.1: CHANGING WAYS 21.1: CHANGING WAYS OF LIFEOF LIFE

OBJECTIVE:OBJECTIVE:Learn about urbanization, Learn about urbanization,

Prohibition and the Scopes TrialProhibition and the Scopes Trial

PROBLEMS WITH PROBLEMS WITH PROHIBITIONPROHIBITION 1920: 181920: 18thth Amendment comes into effect Amendment comes into effect

with Volstead Actwith Volstead Act Saloons and bars close, but demand does Saloons and bars close, but demand does

not go awaynot go away Government does not fund enforcementGovernment does not fund enforcement People make alcohol at home in “stills” or People make alcohol at home in “stills” or

go to “speakeasies.”go to “speakeasies.” BootleggersBootleggers and mob bosses like Al and mob bosses like Al

Capone make millions.Capone make millions.

http

://w

ww

.his

tory

plac

e.co

m/s

peci

als/

cale

ndar

/doc

s-pi

x/ca

pone

.jpg

http://homicide.northwestern.edu/documents/prohibition.jpg

BOOTLEGGING,AL CAPONE,

AND ALCOHOL RAIDS

EFFECTS OF PROHIBITIONEFFECTS OF PROHIBITION Black market for booze boomsBlack market for booze booms Smugglers bring in alcohol from Cuba, Canada Smugglers bring in alcohol from Cuba, Canada

and the West Indiesand the West Indies Police and judges become corrupt from Police and judges become corrupt from

accepting bribesaccepting bribes Cities become violent as mafia and gangs fight Cities become violent as mafia and gangs fight

for booze marketfor booze market

RESULTRESULT: By mid-1920’s, only 19% of US : By mid-1920’s, only 19% of US supports Prohibition. YET, not repealed until supports Prohibition. YET, not repealed until 2121stst Amendment in 1933. Amendment in 1933.

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG00/3on1/radioshow/chicago.htm

St. Valentine’s Day MassacreSt. Valentine’s Day Massacre

RISE OF RISE OF FUNDAMENTALISMFUNDAMENTALISM

Emerges in 1920’sEmerges in 1920’s Reaction to decline in rural life and “threat” Reaction to decline in rural life and “threat”

of citiesof cities Rejection of modernity, industrialization, Rejection of modernity, industrialization,

and scientific evolutionand scientific evolution Characterized by “revivals”Characterized by “revivals” Charismatic leadership provided by Charismatic leadership provided by

Preacher Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple Preacher Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson.McPherson.

The Scopes TrialThe Scopes TrialAKA the “Monkey Trial”AKA the “Monkey Trial”

1925: Fundamentalists win battle to make teaching of 1925: Fundamentalists win battle to make teaching of evolution illegal in Tennesseeevolution illegal in Tennessee

John Scopes, Biology teacher, arrestedJohn Scopes, Biology teacher, arrested ACLU hires Clarence Darrow as defense ACLU hires Clarence Darrow as defense William Jennings Bryan is special prosecutorWilliam Jennings Bryan is special prosecutor Nationwide audience (trial is outside b/c of crowds)Nationwide audience (trial is outside b/c of crowds) Darrow puts Bryan “on trial”Darrow puts Bryan “on trial” Scopes found guilty, pays $100 fineScopes found guilty, pays $100 fine

IMPACT: SHOWS GROWING CULTURAL DIVIDEIMPACT: SHOWS GROWING CULTURAL DIVIDE

IS THIS AN ISSUE TODAY???IS THIS AN ISSUE TODAY???

http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/photos/assets/photos/1050.jpg

http

://w

ww

.aut

hent

ichi

stor

y.co

m/a

udio

/192

0s/im

ages

/sco

pes_

trial

_01.

jpg

Clarence Darrow and William Jennings BryanClarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan

http://www.creationism.org/http://www.creationism.org/

Ch. 21.2Ch. 21.2Women’s Changing RolesWomen’s Changing Roles

Ongoing crusade for equal rightsOngoing crusade for equal rights Women in politics and in the workplace Women in politics and in the workplace

encountered “encountered “double standarddouble standard” and a “glass ” and a “glass ceilingceiling

In reaction to double standard, “In reaction to double standard, “FlappersFlappers” ” sought individual freedomsought individual freedom

Most women remained in domestic sphereMost women remained in domestic sphere Discovery of adolescenceDiscovery of adolescence

Teenage children no longer needed to workTeenage children no longer needed to work Indulged their craving for excitementIndulged their craving for excitement

Evolution from Evolution from Victorian Ideal (A), Victorian Ideal (A), to “Gibson girl” (B),to “Gibson girl” (B),

to 1920’s “flappers” (C) to 1920’s “flappers” (C)

(B)

(C)(A)

1920s & Flapper YouTube Video1920s & Flapper YouTube Video

21.4: THE HARLEM 21.4: THE HARLEM RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE

OBJECTIVE: Understand why OBJECTIVE: Understand why the 1920’s were a crucial era in the 1920’s were a crucial era in African-American HistoryAfrican-American History

HW 22.1HW 22.1

CHANGE IN CHANGE IN AFRICAN AMERICAN SOCIETYAFRICAN AMERICAN SOCIETY

Great Black Migration during WWI and Great Black Migration during WWI and 1920’s1920’s

4.8 of 12 million Af-Am move from South to 4.8 of 12 million Af-Am move from South to cities, mainly in Northeast and Mid-Westcities, mainly in Northeast and Mid-West

1917-1919: 25 race riots1917-1919: 25 race riots NAACP membership doublesNAACP membership doubles James Weldon JohnsonJames Weldon Johnson leads NAACP on leads NAACP on

anti-lynching crusadeanti-lynching crusade FailsFails to pass anti-lynching bill in Congress to pass anti-lynching bill in Congress

HARLEM RENAISSANCEHARLEM RENAISSANCE Harlem is the “Mecca” or “Capital” of Harlem is the “Mecca” or “Capital” of

Black AmericaBlack America At 330,000 inhabitants, it is the largest At 330,000 inhabitants, it is the largest

black urban community in the worldblack urban community in the world 1920’s Harlem is the epicenter of an 1920’s Harlem is the epicenter of an

artistic and literary movement, the artistic and literary movement, the Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

African-American WritersAfrican-American Writers Claude McKay: Poet, inspired resistance to prejudice, Claude McKay: Poet, inspired resistance to prejudice,

known for his militant verses. known for his militant verses.

““America”America”

Although she feeds me bread of bitterness,Although she feeds me bread of bitterness,And sinks into my throat her tiger's tooth,And sinks into my throat her tiger's tooth,Stealing my breath of life, I will confessStealing my breath of life, I will confessI love this cultured hell that tests my youth!I love this cultured hell that tests my youth!Her vigor flows like tides into my blood,Her vigor flows like tides into my blood,Giving me strength erect against her hate.Giving me strength erect against her hate.Her bigness sweeps me like a flood.Her bigness sweeps me like a flood.

African-American WritersAfrican-American Writers Hugh Langston : Poet, described every-day life of Hugh Langston : Poet, described every-day life of

African-AmericansAfrican-Americans

I am a NegroI am a NegroBlack as the night is blackBlack as the night is blackBlack like the depths of my AfricaBlack like the depths of my Africa

““Backlash Blues”Backlash Blues”Mister rich man, rich man,Mister rich man, rich man,Open up your heart and mind.Open up your heart and mind.Mister rich man, rich man,Mister rich man, rich man,Open up your heart and mind.Open up your heart and mind.Give the poor man a chance,Give the poor man a chance,Help stop these hard, hard times.Help stop these hard, hard times.

While you're livin' in your mansionWhile you're livin' in your mansionYou don't know what hard times means.You don't know what hard times means.While you're livin' in your mansionWhile you're livin' in your mansionYou don't know what hard times means.You don't know what hard times means.Poor workin' man's wife is starvin',Poor workin' man's wife is starvin',Your wife is livin' like a queen.Your wife is livin' like a queen.

African-American WritersAfrican-American Writers Zora Neale Hurston: Female Author, Zora Neale Hurston: Female Author, Their Eyes Were Watching GodTheir Eyes Were Watching God

Quotes –Quotes –"...I am not tragically colored. There is no great sorrow dammed up in my "...I am not tragically colored. There is no great sorrow dammed up in my soul, nor lurking behind my eyes. I do not mind at all." soul, nor lurking behind my eyes. I do not mind at all."

"Someone is always at my elbow reminding me that I am the granddaughter "Someone is always at my elbow reminding me that I am the granddaughter of slaves. It fails to register depression with me.“of slaves. It fails to register depression with me.“

"At certain times I have no race, I am "At certain times I have no race, I am meme. When I set my hat at a certain . When I set my hat at a certain angle and saunter down Seventh Avenue, Harlem City, feeling as snooty as angle and saunter down Seventh Avenue, Harlem City, feeling as snooty as the lions in front of Forty-Second Street Library, for instance. ...The cosmic the lions in front of Forty-Second Street Library, for instance. ...The cosmic Zora emerges. I belong to no race nor time. I am the eternal feminine with its Zora emerges. I belong to no race nor time. I am the eternal feminine with its string of beads." string of beads."

"Sometimes I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry. It "Sometimes I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry. It merely astonishes me. How merely astonishes me. How cancan any deny themselves the pleasure of my any deny themselves the pleasure of my company? It's beyond me."company? It's beyond me."

African-American PerformersAfrican-American Performers Paul Robeson: Actor, LawyerPaul Robeson: Actor, Lawyer Louis Armstrong: Louis Armstrong: Trumpet Trumpet

Player, Band LeaderPlayer, Band Leader

Duke” Ellington: Jazz pianist,Duke” Ellington: Jazz pianist, Composer,Composer, Band LeaderBand Leaderat Cotton Clubat Cotton Club

Bessie Smith: Blues SingerBessie Smith: Blues Singer

What were some of the most What were some of the most important ideas, opinions and important ideas, opinions and beliefs expressed in African-beliefs expressed in African-

American art and literature, and American art and literature, and politics in the 1920’s?politics in the 1920’s?