IRAN
Chris [email protected]
832-428-1977my.uen.org/257988
mailto:[email protected]
The Safavid dynasty
1500s
1600s
1600s
1600s
1700s
1500s
1500s
1500—Europeans begin colonizing the rest of the world.
Sheikh Safi ad-Din
1517 Selim the Grim brings the Caliphate to Istanbul
BaghdadDamascus
Jerusalem
Samarkand
Istanbul
ARMENIA
Kabul
KandaharIsfahanKarbala
OTTOMANEMPIRE
Najaf
Medina
Mecca
SAFAVID EMPIRE (IRAN)
TURKMENISTAN
UZBECKISTAN
KAZAKHSTAN
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN CHINA
INDIA
TIBET
AFGHANISTAN
AZERBAIJAN
Cairo
MAMLUK SULTINATE/
ABBASID CALIPHATE
Ardabil
Shah Abbas I
Alborz Mountains
Dasht-e Kavir
Dasht-e Lut
Afshar Medes
MedesParthian
Balochi
Uzbeks
Pars
Bakhtiari
LursLaks
Qajar
Afshar
Afshar
QashqaiZand
Afshar
Armenia
Isfahan
Armenian craftsmen are brought in to rebuild Isfahan
Shah Abbas builds the Maidan
1600—Isfahan becomes capital of Iran,and a center of world trade.
Portuguesecontrol
OttomanEmpire
Masjed-e Shah(Mosque of the Shah)
Ali Qapu Palace
Sheikh Loft Allah Mosque
Entrance to the Maidan bazaar
1624—Shah Abbas I takes Mesopotamia back from the Ottomans.
OttomanEmpire
1639—Ottoman Sultan/Caliph Murad V re-takes Mesopotamia.
OttomanEmpire
Iran in the Great Game
1719—Afghans overrun southern Iran,sack Isfahan and massacre its residents.
OttomanEmpire
1722-1723—100,000 Russians under Peter the Greattake Dagestan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and the Caspian coast of Iran.
OttomanEmpire
Alborz Mountains
Dasht-e Kavir
Dasht-e Lut
Afshar Medes
MedesParthian
Balochi
Uzbeks
Pars
Bakhtiari
LursLaks
Qajar
Afshar
Afshar
QashqaiZand
Afshar
Armenia
Isfahan
1736 Afshar leader Nadar Shah defeats the Safavids
1736—Nadar Shah drives the Afghans and Russians back,signs defense treaties with Russia, against the Ottoman Empire.
OttomanEmpire
Alborz Mountains
Dasht-e Kavir
Dasht-e Lut
Afshar Medes
MedesParthian
Balochi
Uzbeks
Pars
Bakhtiari
LursLaks
Qajar
Afshar
Afshar
Qashqai ZandAfshar
Armenia
Isfahan
Shiraz
1750 Karim Khan declares himself “Advocate of the People” (not Shah)
takes over Iran.
Golestan Palace, Tehran
1804-1813—Russia takes Georgia and most of Azerbaijan.
OttomanEmpire
BritishEast IndiaCompany.
1826-1828—Russia takes eastern Armenia and the rest of Azerbaijan, occupies Tehran.
OttomanEmpire
BritishEast IndiaCompany.
1839—British invade Afghanistan to keep it from falling to the Russians.
OttomanEmpire
BritishEast IndiaCompany.
Jalalabad
Remnant of an Army
Russians take control of northwest Afghanistan, send diplomatic mission to Kabul.
OttomanEmpire
BritishEast IndiaCompany.
Jalalabad
1857—Sepoy Rebellion in India.British declare war on Iran.
OttomanEmpire
BritishEast IndiaCompany.
Jalalabad
British force Iran to recognize Afghanistan independence.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
OttomanEmpire
1881—Russians occupy Transoxiana(Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan)
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
OttomanEmpire
Nasir-al-Din Shah Qujar
Constitutional protestorsand Persian Cossack soldiers.
1907--Russians and British split Iran.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
OttomanEmpire
Nasir-al-Din Shah Qujar
Nasir-al-Din Shah Qujar
Nasir-al-Din Shah Qujar
Iran and Oil
William D’Arcy.
1908—D’Arcy strikes oil at Masjid-i-Suleiman.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
OttomanEmpire
1908—D’Arcy builds a refinery at Abadan.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
OttomanEmpire
1909 Churchill sends British/Indian troops to occupy Khuzestan Province.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
OttomanEmpire
1915 Russians take over Armenia, In preparation for attacking Ottoman Empire.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
OttomanEmpire
1919 WW I ends, Russians have withdrawn from Iran.British and French divide the Ottoman Empire.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
Syria(Fr.)
Iraq(Br.)
The Great Crescent
.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
Syria(Fr.)
Iraq(Br.)
Anglo-Persian Agreement:
• British will protect Iran from the Russians
• British will build a railroad network in Iran
• British will administer Iran’s finances
• British will take control of Iran’s customs
• British will administer the Iranian military
1920 British have to defend Iran.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
Syria(Fr.)
Iraq(Br.)
Colonel Reza Kahn given command of the northern Cossack Brigade at Tabriz.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
Syria(Fr.)
Iraq(Br.)
Sadabaad Palace complex
Reza Shah Pahlavi’s Palace
White Palace(Palace of Muhammad Shah Pahlavi)
Reception Hall in White Palace
Sitting room in White Palace
Grand Dining Hall in White Palace
The royal kitchen
Pahlavi (Valiasr) Street, Tehran
University of Tehran students, 1970
World War II
WW II Reza Shah Pahlavi declares Iran neutral.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
Syria(Fr.)
Iraq
Turkey
August, 1941 British and Russian forces again occupy Iran.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
Syria(Fr.)
Iraq
Turkey
British and Russians force Reza Shah Pahlavi to abdicate in favor of his son, 21-year old Muhammad Shah Pahlavi.
Afghanistan
BritishIndia
Syria(Fr.)
Iraq
Turkey
Tehran
Isfahan
Mashhad
Tabriz
Shiraz
Qom
Yazd
Karaj
Ahwaz
Kermanshah
Urmia
Allied railroad route in Iran during World War II
Allied supply convoy in Iran during World War II
Red Army supply train in Iran during World War II
Jafar PishevariQazi Muhammad
1945 Russians help establish the Azerbaijani People’s Republic and the Kurdish Mahabad Republic.
The Mossadegh Affair
Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh
Shah endorses Mossadegh’s plan
HMS Mauritius
Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq
Kermit Roosevelt
Overthrow of PM Mosaddeq and the Iranian Parliament, August 19, 1953
SAVAK
Evin Prison, aka “Hotel Evin,” Tehran
SAVAK execution of anti-Shah Tudeh communists
Mohammad Shah Pahlavi
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
IRAN
Chris [email protected]
832-428-1977my.uen.org/257988
mailto:[email protected]