2020 Online UNIVERSITY RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM · The University Research Symposium is the premiere...

OnlineUNIVERSITY

RESEARCHSYMPOSIUM

PROGRAM BOOK

2020

Table of ContentsWelcome Message ...................................................... 3

Abstracts by Department/School .............................. 4 Agriculture .............................................................................. 4 Art .......................................................................................... 8 Biological Sciences .................................................................. 9 Chemistry ............................................................................... 11 Communication.....................................................................13 CommunicationSciencesandDisorders................................14 CriminalJusticeSciences.......................................................15 Economics............................................................................. 15 FamilyandConsumerSciences............................................ 17 Geography,Geology,andtheEnvironment...........................18 Health Sciences ...................................................................... 19 InformationTechnology.......................................................... 21 Kinesiology&Recreation........................................................ 22 Mathematics........................................................................... 25 Philosophy ............................................................................... 30 Physics .................................................................................... 31 PoliticsandGovernment.........................................................32 Psychology ............................................................................... 33 Sociology/Anthropology .......................................................... 48 TeachingandLearning............................................................ 49 Technology.............................................................................. 50 TheatreandDance.................................................................. 51

OralPresentations......................................................52 Physics.........................................................................................52

SchoolofTheatreandDance.......................................................55

AlphabeticalListing by Student Last Name ..................56

Welcometothe2020OnlineUniversityResearchSymposium

AtIllinoisStateUniversity,weunderstandthatresearchiscentraltoourcorevaluesoflearningandscholarship.Wedefineresearchtoincludemanyformsofinquiry,scholarlycreativity,andinnovation.Ourfacultyregularlyserveasmentors,guidingstudentsinsystematicinquiryandinvestigationsothattheyhavetheopportunitytoexperiencethethrillofdiscovery,insight,andinvention.Weencourageallstu-dentstoparticipateinsuchendeavors.Studentresearchoccursacrossthecampusinthecontextofspecificcourses,independentstudies,andthesesanddissertationprojects.FacultyandstaffmentorshiphelpsIllinoisStateUniversitystudentsmakevaluableintellectualorcreativecontributionstotheirdisciplines.Remarkably,overone-thirdofIllinoisStateUniversityfacultypublications,conferencepapers,andothercreativeworkstypicallyincludestudentcontributionsandrecognition.

Ourofficesandcampuspartnersareproudtosupportstudentresearchwithgrantsandtravelfunds,workshops,technicalresources,researchcompetitions,andexhi-bitions.Weregularlyfacilitatestudentparticipationinoff-campusprofessionalandacademicconferencesattheregional,national,andinternationallevel.Oncampus,TheUniversityResearchSymposiumisthepremiereshowcaseforstudentscholar-ship,featuringcloseto400individualorgrouporalandposterpresentations.Thismarksthe29thyearoftheUniversityResearchSymposium,indicatingitsimpor-tancetostudentachievements.

The2020SpringsemesterpresentedunprecedentedchallengesthatimpactedourabilitytohosttheSymposiumoncampus,butthisdoesnotdiminishtherecogni-tionandaccoladesdeservedforourstudentresearchersandfacultymentors.Youhaveperseveredthroughdifficulttimesandweapplaudyou.Congratulationsonyourachievements!

Dr.JohnBaur,AVPforResearchandGraduateStudiesDr.GinaHunter,Director,OfficeofStudentResearchDr.NoelleSelkow,InterimDirector,GraduateSchool

Abstracts By Department Agriculture

Presenter: Frederick Adomako, Graduate

Mentor: Aslihan D Spaulding

Co-mentor: Iuliia Tetteh

Title: BIG DATA ON THE MIDWEST FARMS: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE USE, CONCERNS, AND CHALLENGES

Farmingisundergoingadigitalrevolution(BronsonandKnezevic,2016).Theadventofplantgenetics,chemicalinputsandmorerecentlyguidancesystemshavetransformedtheindustryintoonethatisincreasinglytechnology-intenseanddata-rich(Stubbs,BigDatainU.S.Agriculture,CongressionalResearchService,2016).In2015,investorspoured$661millioninto84agriculturalstartupstohelpfarmerstransformagricultureintothenextbigdataindustry(PhamandStack,2018,Burwood-Taylor,Leclerc,&Tilney,2016).Farmmachinesintoday’sagricultureareequippedwithsensorsandcamerasthatcapturefield-leveldatalikesoilmoisture,leafgreenness,temperature,seeding,fertilizerandpesticidesprayingrate,yield,fuelusageandmachineperformance(Pham&Stack,2018).Approximately70percentoftractorsintheU.S.haveGPSwithautosteeringtechnologiesand40percentofallcornfarmscanpotentiallyuseyieldmonitors(Schimmelpfennig,2016).

Thoughbigdataisseenashavingalotofprospectsfortheagriculturalsector,certainissuesincludingwhohasaccesstothedatageneratedandtowhomthedatageneratedbelongstoisofconcern.Manyproducersareskepticalofdatastor-agecompaniesallowingtheirdatatoendupinthewronghandswhichhasprompteddiscussionsbyanumberofarticles(Castleetal.2016).SinghandKaskey(2014)statethat“bigagriculturalcompaniescouldnowcontroladatatrovethatpresentsprivacyandbusinessriskstofarmerswhodon’twanttosharethesecretsoftheirtradewithrivalsorthegov-ernment.”Anoverwhelmingmajorityofproducersbelievefarmdatabelongstothemandthemalone(Banham,2014).Thisbeliefofownershiphasresultedinmuchdiscussionofdevelopingafarmdataexchange,inwhichproducerscouldbecompensatedforsharingoftheirdata(Shickler,2015;Banham,2014;Singh&Kaskey,2014).

ThepurposeofthisstudyistoidentifyfactorsthatinfluenceMidwesternU.S.agriculturalproducers’adoptionofbigdatatechnologiesandsomechallengesthesefarmersencounterintheacquisition,useandcontrolofthesetechnologiesforproductionmanagementandagriculturaldecision-makingpurposes.Bothonlineandpapersurveywereusedinthisstudy.Surveysweremailedandemailedto620and11,556farmersrespectivelywithinIllinois,IndianaandIowa.Resultsofthisstudywilladdtotheexistingknowledgeofliteratureandmayassiststakeholdersandpolicymakerstobetterun-derstandratesofadoptionofbigdatatechnologiesandtheconcernsoffarmers.

Presenter: Garrett Conaty, Undergraduate

Mentor: Maria Boerngen

Title: THE DECISIONS MADE BY FARM MANAGERS

Farmmanagerstypicallyworkforfarmlandownerswhoarenotactivelyinvolvedinfarmingoperations.Forexample,mostfarmmanagersareinvolvedinfarmincometaxpaperwork;fertilizer,seed,andchemicalrecommendations;andconservationpracticedecisions.Iamresearchingtheprocessesfarmmanagersgothroughtomakethesedecisionsforindividualfarms.Iamspecificallyinterestedintheprocessthatgoesintodecidingwhatfarmstorenttowhattenants,howmuchtorentitoutfor,andthedifferenttermsofcontracts(i.e.,upkeeppracticesforeachfarm).Tocompletemyresearch,IwillbejobshadowingmultipleaccreditedfarmmanagersthroughtheIllinoisSocietyofProfessionalFarmManagersandRuralAppraisers(ISPFMRA).

Presenter: Rebecca Dwyer, Graduate

Mentor: Nicholas Heller

Title: AGRONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC DISCOVERY OF ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL HEMP PRODUCTION

Farmsandfarmfamiliesacrossthecountry,especiallyinIllinois,arestrugglingfinanciallytoproducecornandsoybeans.Industrialhemp(CannabissativaL.)isanewoptionforaneconomicallyviablecropwithover25,000recognizedenduses.IndustrialhempwaslegalizedforproductionandprocessinginIllinoisin2019.Numerousmediaarticleshavereferencedindustrialhempproductionasa“gatewayintofarming”foryoungadults,women,andminoritygroups,buttherearenotyetstudiestosupportthisassertion.Asof2017,only8%ofIllinoisagriculturalproducerswereundertheageof34,29%werewomen,and99%identifiedaswhite.Onepurposeofthisstudyistoidentifythegeneraldemo-graphicsofIllinoisindustrialhempfarmers.Thiswillhelpustobetterunderstandtheroleofindustrialhempproductioninincreasingdiversityinagriculture.Forthe2019growingseason631individualsappliedforandreceivedalicensetoproduceindustrialhemp.Thisnumberdoesnotincludeindustrialhempprocessorsorcertifiedlabsfortestingindustrialhempplants.IndustrialhemppromisestobeanenvironmentallyandeconomicallysustainablecropwhichisnewagaintoIllinois-priortothe2014FarmBill,industrialhempproductionhadbeenbannedforover70years.Thus,therehavebeennolocalagronomicresearchtrialsandnopublishedbestproductionpracticesforCentralIllinois.ForothercropsproducedinIllinois,therearedecadesofadvancedagronomicresearchtosupportfarmersinmakingdecisionssuchasseedingrateanddepth,weedcontrol,andinsectanddiseasemanagement.ThislackofresearchinindustrialhempfarmingmakesproducerdecisionsdifficultandisoneofthemanychallengesfacedbyindustrialhempfarmersinIllinois.Wewillconductanindustrialhempfiberproductiontrialoverthe2020growingseasontobeginreducingthisproblemandwillfocusprimarilyonseedingratesoffibervarietiesforvariousenduses.

Presenter: Blake Hartman, Undergraduate


Title: YOUNG FARMERS ADVICE 101

ThemajorityoffarmlandinIllinoisisoperatedbyfarmerswhorentthelandfromlandowners.Landownersareoftenrepresentedbyaccreditedfarmmanagersintheprocessofselectingfarmoperatorsanddeterminingthetermsoffarmlandleases.Throughthisprocess,landownersandfarmoperatorsestablishabusinessrelationship,andafarmerwhowishestorentmustindicatetothelandownerand/orfarmmanagerthatheorsheisagoodcandidatetofarmtheowner’sland.Farmerswhoaremoreestablishedandexperiencedhaveconnectionswithlandownersandfarmmanagers,inadditiontoprovenproductionandfinancialrecords,andmaythereforebemorelikelytobechosenasanoperator.Therefore,itisoftenastruggleforyoungfarmerstodaytorentfarmlandforthefirsttimeduetotheirrela-tivelylimitedresourcesandexperience.Theobjectiveofthiscasestudywastoidentifystepsayoungfarmercantaketobestpreparetobechosentorentfarmlandbyalandowner.ThroughtelephoneinterviewsinFall2019,tenaccreditedfarmmanagersfromthroughoutthestateofIllinoisprovidedvaluableinformationthatyoungfarmerscanutilizetheyseektoadvancetheirfarmingcareers.InterviewparticipantsweremembersoftheIllinoisSocietyofProfessionalFarmManagersandRuralAppraisers(ISPFMRA),representingawiderangeofexperiencelevels(fromninetofifty-nineyears).Questionsaddressedthefarmmanagers’backgroundandexperience,andspecificstepsyoungfarmerscantaketobestrepresentthemselvestolandowners.Resultsofthisstudyindicatethatyoungfarmersshouldestablishgoodreputationsandstrongconnectionsintheircommunities,anddocumentthecapitaltheyhaveavailabletotheiroperations.Theyshouldalsostayinformedabouttrendsintheindustry,bepreparedtoofferafaircashrent,andavoidwhataccreditedfarmmanagersrefertoas“rentchasing.”Theresultsofthisstudycaninformtheeffortsofyoungfarmersastheyseektobuildandgrowtheirfarmingcareers.

Presenter: Bailey Hoerbert, Undergraduate


Title: THE PERCEPTIONS OF MEDIA PORTRAYALS OF AGRICULTURE

Withlessthan2%ofthepopulationbeingdirectlyinvolvedinagricultureproduction,thegeneralpublichaslosttouchwithwheretheirfoodcomesfromandhavealackoftrusttowardsagricultureproducers.StudieshaveshownthatAmer-icanstendtofearfoodproductionandproductionagriculture.Thisfearstemsfromnotunderstandingwhatfarmersaredoingandwhytheyaredoingit.Arecentreportfoundthatyoungeradultshavemoretrustintechnologicalsourcessuchasbloggers,fitnessapps,andTVpersonalitiesthaninformationfromfarmersandscientists.Whileinformationisbecom-ingmoreavailableatfasterratesthaninyearspast,notallmediainformationisaccurate.Ithasbeenreportedthatfakenewsstoriesincreasedexponentiallyinthemonthsleadinguptothe2016presidentialelection.While“fakenews”isatermtypicallyusedwhendiscussingpolitics,italsohasnegativelyaffectedtheagricultureindustry.Falsemediaportray-alsabouttheagricultureindustrycaneasilypushconsumerstohavedoubtsabouttheoverallproductionoffood.Toaddressthedisconnectbetweenfarmersandthenon-farmingpublic,wepairedagriculturestudents(whogrewuponfarms)andnon-agriculturestudents(whodidnotgrowuponfarms)togethertodiscusstheirvaryingperspectivesontheagricultureindustry,one-on-one.ThesepairedstudentexperiencestookplaceinFall2018,Spring2019,andFall2019semesters(n=32).Wesoughttomeasureanychangesintheparticipants’perspectivesasaresultofthisexperience.Themediaportrayalofagriculturewasoneoftheissueswestudied.Throughquestionnairesadministeredpriortothisexpe-rience,wedeterminedthattheagriculturestudentsperceivedamorenegativemediabiastowardtheindustrythanthenon-agriculturestudents(p<0.001).Follow-upquestionnairesevaluatedhowtheseperceptionsandbeliefs

Presenter: Raeann Huffman, Graduate

Mentor: Nicholas Heller

Title: CORN AND SOYBEAN CROPPING SYSTEMS: PROFITABILITY OF DIFFERENT AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

TheenvironmentalimpactofcurrentproductionagricultureoperationsinIllinoisandacrossthecornbelthaveattractedattentioninmanystudies.Thesestudiespointoutthenutrientoverapplicationthatthenleachesoffthefarmandthenegativeimpactmonocultureshaveonbiodiversity.Themodernagricultureindustryfocuseslargelyonefficienciesonalargescaleandonyield-notonfarmprofitability.Operationsaredependentoncostlyinputssuchasseed,fertilizers,herbicides,fungicides,insecticides,andmachinerycosts.Despiterisingyields,thecurrentsystemisnotsustainableandhasresultedinaconcomitantcontinuedriseinfarmbankruptcies.Weproposealternativepracticesincludinginter-croppingwhichisasustainablepracticethatcanimproveresource-useefficiency,suchasnutrientsandwater,allowinglowinputagriculturalsystems.Asystemthatreducesinputsandthoseassociatedcostsmayhelpincreaseoperationalprofitability.Thecurrentstudywillevaluatecroppingsystemspecificsincludingrowspacing,roworientation,seedingpopulation,andintercroppingandtheirimpactonprofitabilitywhichmayofferproducersasustainablealternativetomonocultures.

Presenter: Brianna Messman, Graduate

Mentor: Michel Barrowclough

Title: MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE PREFERENCES AMONG ILLINOIS DAIRY FARMERS: A BEST- WORST SCALING APPROACH

MentalhealthhasgainedsignificantawarenessacrosstheUnitedStates(U.S.)inthepastdecade.SomecommunitiesintheU.S.however,haveonlyrecentlybeguntoaddressthistopic.Importanceofmentalhealthisexpandingwithintheagriculturecommunity.Onereasonforthiscouldbelowlevelsofmentalhealthwithinthiscommunity.Forinstance,malesintheU.S.agriculturesectorhadasuiciderateofoveroneandhalftimesthenationalaveragein2015.Mentalhealthconcernshavebeenincreasinginaparticularsectorinagriculturemorerecently,thedairyindustry.Someofthemainreasonsfordecreasingmentalhealthinthedairysectorincludelowmilkprices,excesssupply,economichardships,andretaliatorytariffsimposedbyMexicoandCanada.Withtheongoingtrendofnegativeeconomicreturnsfordairyfarmersprojectedtocontinuethrough2020,thereisnobettertimetoaddressmentalhealthconcernsfordairyfarmers.ThisstudywillfocusspecificallyondairyproducersintheMidweststateofIllinois.2018broughtaboutthelowestnetreturnspercowsince2012atanegative$747.Combiningnegativereturnswithincreasingfeedcostsandcontinuedlowmilkpricesandtheimportanceofthistopicisrealized.Thefiveobjectivesthatthisstudyisfocusedonare:identifyingmentalhealthserviceoptionspreferredbyIllinoisdairyfarmerswillingtoseekhelp,quantifyingtradeoffsthatIllinoisdairyproducersarewillingtomakewhenchoosingbetweenserviceoptions,determinefactorsthataffectthetradeoffdecisionsthatwillbemade,examineanxietyanddepressionlevelsandtheimpactthathasondecisionmaking,andidentifyingsubgroups,ifany,thatmayinfluenceanytradeoffdecisionsthatwillbemade.Aquestionnairewillbeadmin-isteredusingthebest-worstscalingapproachtocollectqualitativedatainregardstothementalhealthofdairyfarmersinordertoachievethisgoal.Thisdatawillbeexaminedinordertoacquireagreaterunderstandingofthistopicsuchasservicepreferences,possiblementalhealthdisorders,andvariousdemographics.Thefindingsfromthisstudyhavethepotentialtoassistpolicymakersatthelocal,state,andfederallevels,aswellasagriculturalorganizationsincreatingandimplementingprogramstowardsthepreferencesofmentalhealthservicesamongagriculturalproducers.Theuseofsuchprograms,ifimplemented,couldleadtoadeclineinmentalhealthillnessesandincidents,suchassuicide.

Presenter: Jacob Styan, Graduate


Title: INCREASED USAGE OF CASH RENT: FACTORS INFLUENCING ILLINOIS FARMLAND LEASES OVER THE PAST TWO DECADES

Inrecentyears,cashrentleaseshavebecomeincreasinglypopularamongstfarmlandownersinIllinois.Since1995,Illinoishasseena44%riseincashrentleaseusageinNorthernIllinois,a105%increaseinSouthernIllinois,anda117%increaseinCentralIllinoisforacresenrolledintheIllinoisFarmBusinessFarmManagementAssociation,whichhelpsoperatorsmakefarmmanagementdecisions.Theriseincashrentleaseusagehasbeenattributedtomanyfactorssuchascropyields,commodityprices,croprevenue,commoditypayments,andcropinsurance.ThisstudyaimstodeterminewhichfactorsarethemostpivotalindrivingtheshifttowardtheuseofcashrentleasesinIllinois.UsingdatafromtheUSDANationalAgriculturalStatisticsService(USDA-NASS),theEnvironmentalWorkingGroup(EWG),andUniversityofIllinoisfarmdoc,thedeterminantsmentionedabovewereexaminedtoexploretheeffectstheyhaveontheincreasinguseofcashrentleases.Datafromeachvariablewascollectedfromall102countiesinIllinoisovera21-yearperiodandthenmovedintothecorrectregion.ComparisonsweremadeacrossthethreeregionsinIllinois(Northern,Central,andSouthern)from1995-2015usingfourdifferentfixedeffectsregressionmodels.Resultsindicatethatcropinsurancepayments(p<.001),cornprice(p<.05),soybeanprice(p<.05),cornrevenue(p<.05),soybeanrevenue(p<.05),andcommoditypayments(p<.05)haveallinfluencedtheincreasinguseofcashrentleasesinIllinois.However,cornandsoybeanyielddidnotinfluenceincreasingcashrentusageinIllinois.Althoughtherewereonly5,500Illinoisfarmsexaminedinthisstudy,thefindingscanbeviewedasastartingpointforwhytheusageofcashrentleasesareincreasinginIllinois.Withagricultureconsistentlychanging,anyvariationsthatoccurtothevariablesexaminedinthisstudycouldpotentiallyhavemajorramificationsontheleasingmarketintheyearstocome.

Presenter: Kaiti Zbinden, Undergraduate

Mentor: Iuliia Tetteh

Title: THE ROLE OF SHARED VISION IN SURVIVAL OF MULTIGENERATIONAL FAMILY BUSINESSES

Successionplanningplaysavitalroleinthesurvivalofafamilybusinessfromonegenerationtothenext.However,ifsuccessionplanningissocritical,whydoonly30percentoffamilybusinessessurvivefromthefirstgenerationtothesec-ond,only12percentfromthesecondgenerationtothethird,andonly4percentfromthethirdgenerationtothefourth(Poza2013).Previousstudieshaverevealedthathavingasharedvisionforthefutureofthemultigenerationalfamilybusinessincreasesthelikelihoodofasmoothandeffectiveleadershiptransition.Ifasharedvisionissoimportanttothemulti-generationsurvival,whyaretheregapsinhavingone?Thepurposeofthisstudyisthree-fold:first,toconductanin-depthliteraturereviewonvariousaspects/factorsthatimpactthecreationanduseofsharedvisionforthefutureofthefirmbytheyoungerandoldergenerations,second;todevelopasurveyinstrumentthatwillbeusedtoidentifyifmultigenerationalfamilyfarmbusinessesindeedhaveasharedvisionforthefutureofthefarm;andthird,todrawontheexistingevidencefromagricultureandnon-agriculturefieldstoidentifypracticalstrategiestocreateasharedvisionandincreasetheprobabilityofsurvivalofafamilyfarmbusiness.

Art

Presenter: Spencer Molnar, Graduate

Mentor: Daniel Breyer

Co-mentor: Tyler Lotz

Author: Spencer Molnar

Title: THE ARTISTIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL SEARCH

Whetheritbelookingatsomethingfromaboveorbelow.Orattemptingtounderstanddifferentpoliticalopinions,itishardtorefutethefactthatindailylifeweareconstantlyconfrontedbydifferentperspectives.Myartisticresearchandexposuretodifferentphilosophies,aswellasvisualpsychology,havefosteredthenotionthatattemptingtounderstandtheworldthroughmultipleperspectivesiscommontoourhumanbehaviorandpsyche.Itseemsasthoughhumankindhasendlesslystrivedtoreconcileseeminglyopposingviews.Inasense,youmightsaythatcollectively(andindividually)wehaveattemptedtomake“wholes”outofafragmentedworld.Oneofthemostwidelyacceptedformsofvisualpsy-chologytodescribethisphenomenonwouldbethegestaltprincipalofclosure.Closureattemptstoexplainhowhumanperceptionisinclinedtoseeformsinacompletestate,despitetheabsenceofoneormoreoftheirparts.Aseeminglyopposingperspectivetogestalt’sprincipleofclosuremightbeobservedinthephilosophicalideaofanattā,whichisaBuddhistdoctrinethatidentifiesaperson’s“self”asconstantlyundergoingchange.Thereforemakinga“self”imper-ceptible.Myclaimhowever,isthatprincipalssuchasclosureexplainhowindividualscandistinguisha“self”throughphenomenalexperience–anideathatwouldnotbedissimilartoconstructingmeaningthroughexperience.Systematicinvestigationswithinmypaintingpracticehaveallowedmetocometothisconclusion.And,unlikemoreconventionalformsofresearch,visualartopensupnewwaystounderstandconceptualideasthatarenotstrictlydata-driven.In-stead,visualart(aswellasphilosophy)provideaspacetonurtureandunderstandideasinawaythatisasfluidasourever-changingworld.

Biological Sciences

Presenter: Jessica Edmondson, Undergraduate

Mentor: Victoria Borowicz

Title: PARASITE PACKS A PUNCH: IMPACT OF SCARLET INDIAN PAINTBRUSH ON THE GROWTH OF ITS HOST

Castillejacoccinea,commonlyknownasScarletIndianPaintbrush,isaroothemiparasiticplantnativetoIllinoisandoth-erareasofthecentralandeasternUnitedStates.Asahemiparasite,C.coccineaisgreenandphotosynthetic,butgrowshaustoriathatpenetrateneighboringplants’rootstostealvarioustypesofnutrients.Castillejacoccineacansurvivealone,however,itisnotknowntofullymaturewithouthavingpenetratedrootsofahostplant.Castillejacoccineaisknowntoparasitizemanyvascularplantspecies,andscantliteraturesuggestsLobeliaspicata,commonlyknownasPaleSpikedLobelia,isaviablehost.LobeliaspicataisalsonativetoIllinoisprairiesandothersurroundingareasoftheUnitedStates.Wetestedthehypothesisthatbytakingminerals,waterandothernutrientsfromthehost’sxylemstream,C.coc-cineareduceshostgrowthandaltersthehost’sallocationtoshootandrootgrowth,andthatL.spicatawouldbeasuit-ablehostforthisparticularhemiparasite.CastillejacoccineaseedswereaddedtoyoungL.spicataplantletsandfertilizedwitheitherhighorlowconcentrationoffertilizer.Plantswereharvested,cleaned,driedandweighedapproximately31weeksaftertheadditionofC.coccineaseeds,andthemassesofrootsandshootswererecordedandcompared.Parasit-ismbyC.coccineasignificantlyreducedrootandespeciallyshootgrowthofthehost,buttheimpactwasdependentontheleveloffertilizer.ShootmassofL.spicatawasdepressedregardlessoffertilizerlevel,butrootmasswassignificantlyreducedonlyinL.spicatatreatedwith[high]fertilizer.Weconcludethat:(1)LobeliaspicataisaviablehostforCastille-jacoccinea,(2)thishemiparasitestronglyreducesgrowthofthehost,but(3)theimpactofthehemiparasiteonhostgrowthdependsonnutrientsupply.Currently,littleinformationaboutC.coccinea’spreferredhostsandtheirdynamicrelationshipsisavailable,sotheseresultsaddtotheunderstandingofhemiparasite-hostinteractions.

Presenter: Iresha Jayasinghe, Graduate

Mentor: Rebekka Darner

Title: WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE OUR SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENTATION ABOUT BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION?

Examiningthehuman-naturerelationshipandindividualreasoningaboutbiodiversityconservationisimportanttoun-derstandinghumantreatmenttowardsnaturebecausethisprovidesdirectiontomitigatehumaninducedenvironmentalissues.Thisstudydetermineswhetherindividuals’relationshipswithnature(NR)andemotionsexperiencedduringevi-denceevaluationdriveevaluationofevidenceandclaimsaboutbiodiversityconservation.Itishypothesizedthatpartici-pantsexhibitmotivatedreasoningduringargumentevaluation,inwhichtheirNRandemotionsexperiencedduringargu-mentevaluationwillinfluencetheirevaluationoftheevidence-basedargument.Thepredictionsare:1.ParticipantswithastrongNRexhibithigherqualityargument-evaluationskillastheyevaluateananti-conservationargument,comparedwiththeirpro-conservationargumentevaluation.2.Participantswhoexperiencepositiveemotionsduringevidenceevaluationwilldemonstratehigherqualityargumentevaluationskills,comparedtoparticipantswhoexperiencenegativeemotionsduringevidenceevaluation.Theparticipantswereapproximately250undergraduatestudentsfromalarge,MidwesterninstitutionrecruitedviatheuniversitymassemaillistservthatincludedalinktotheQualtricsquestionnaire.RelationshiptonaturewasmeasuredusingtheshortversionoftheNRscale.ScientificargumentationwasassessedbytheUncertainty-InfusedScientificArgumentationTest(USAT)modifiedtofocusonbiodiversityconservationargumen-tation.AlthoughwepredictedthatparticipantswithstrongNRwouldexhibitmotivatedreasoning,resultinginstrongargument-evaluationskillsastheyevaluateananti-conservationargument,wefoundthatparticipants’emotionsduringevidenceevaluationweremorepredictiveoftheirargument-evaluationskills.Further,participantswitheitherloworhighconservationconcerndemonstratedbetterargumentationskills.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhilefosteringstrongrelationshipswithnaturemaybeimportant,ofgreaterimportanceistoaddressemotionsexperiencedwhenevaluatingevidence.Furthermore,thisstudyindicatesapossibilitythatone’sreasoningaboutargumentsmadeaboutbiodiversityconservationmaybemotivatedbyhowimportantonedeemsconservationtobe.

Presenter: Elliot Lusk, Graduate

Mentor: Joseph Casto

Title: EFFECTS OF IN OVO TREATMENT WITH ETIOCHOLANOLONE ON NESTLING DEVELOPMENT

Whentransferredtoeggyolksduringoogenesis,maternallyderivedtestosteronecanalteroffspringphenotypes.How-ever,avianembryosreadilymetabolizetestosteronetoetiocholanoloneearlyinincubation.Thus,itremainsunclearwhethertestosteroneoretiocholanolonemediatesthephenotypiceffectsofmaternalyolktestosterone,orwhetherthismetabolismservestoinactivatethematernalsteroidsignal.Previously,injectionofartificiallyincubatedEuropeanstarling(Sturnusvulgaris)eggswithetiocholanoloneresultedinnodetectablechangesinembryonicphenotypeafterfivedaysofincubation;however,fewphenotypictraitswerereadilyassessedatthatembryonicage.Here,weexaminetheeffectsofinovoetiocholanolonetreatmentonstarlingnestlingphenotypesthroughoutnestlingdevelopment.Onthedaytheywerelaid,eggsweremarked,injectedwith5ngofetiocholanoloneinsesameoil,oilalone,orleftun-injected,andreturnedtoneststocompleteincubation.Thefatesofeggsandtheirresultingnestlingswerefollowedthroughfledging.Atfive,ten,andfifteendaysofage,structuralgrowthwasassessed,andbloodwascollectedtoassesshematologicaldevelopment,bloodglucose,andcorticosteronetiters.Pre-andpost-hatchingnestingsuccesswassimilaramongtreatmentsandthepercentofeggshatchedwasaffectedbycomplicationsassociatedwithinjection,butnottheadditionofetiocholanolone.Structuralgrowth,plasmaconcentrationsofthemetabolichormonecorticosterone,andhematologicaldevelopmentwerealsolargelyunaffectedbyexperimentaltreatmentwithearlyhematocritlevelsbeingaffectedbyoilitselfandnotetiocholanolone.Ouranalysessupporttheideathatembryonicmetabolismoftestosteronetoetiocholanoloneservestoinactivateamaternalsignalthatinfluencesoffspringdevelopmentratherthanmediatethematernaleffectsofthatsignal.

Presenter: Teagan Sudbrook, Undergraduate

Mentor: Ryan Paitz

Title: DYNAMIC CHANGES IN YOLK STEROID LEVELS IN EGGS DURING DEVELOPMENT

Theearlyendocrineenvironmentisimportanttoembryonicdevelopmentbecausesteroidexposurecaninduceperma-nenteffectsonoffspring.Inbirds,maternalsteroidsarepresentintheyolk,whichisthoughttooccurbecausesteroidsarelipophilicandtheyolkhasahighlipidcontent.Numeroussteroidscanbedetectedinbirdyolks,withprogestogenssuchasprogesterone,pregnenolone,17a-hydroxypregnenolone,pregnanedione,andpregnanolonebeingmoreabun-dantthantheandrogens.Onceincubationbegins,manyofthesesteroidsaresubjecttometabolismbytheembryoinovo,butverylittleisknownaboutthespecificroutesofmetabolismorwhathappenstosteroidsintheyolkduringthelaterstagesofdevelopment.Toexaminehowsteroidlevelsintheyolkchangethroughoutdevelopment,chickeneggswereincubatedandfrozenatdays3,6,9,12,and15ofdevelopmentandsteroidlevelsintheyolkwerequantifiedusingLC/MS/MS.Wefoundthatsomesteroids,suchaspregnenolone,etiocholanolone,progesterone,pregnanedione,andpregnanolone,showedadropinconcentrationearlyindevelopmentbutlevelsthentransientlyroseduringthemiddlestagesofdevelopmentbeforedroppingagainafterday12.Ourcurrentinterpretationofthesefindingsisthatmaternallyderivedsteroidsthatarepresentattheonsetofdevelopmentaremetabolizedbeforetheembryostartsproducingste-roidsthatcanbedetectedintheyolk.Towardstheendofdevelopment,theembryonicsteroidsintheyolkaremetabo-lized.Overall,thesedatasuggestthatsteroidlevelsintheyolkofbirdeggsaredynamicoverthecourseofdevelopment,goingthroughseveralperiodsofbeingelevatedandthensubsequentlymetabolized.Thespecificmechanismsregulatingthesechangesinyolksteroidlevelsarecurrentlybeinginvestigated.

Chemistry

Presenter: Emma Cramer, Graduate

Mentor: Timothy Lash

Title: SYNTHESIS OF OXYQUINOLIZINIPORPHYRIN

Carbaporphyrinoidsareporphyrinanalogueswhereoneormoreoftheinternalnitrogenatomshavebeenreplacedbycar-bons.Manyexamplesofthesesystemshavebeenreportedandtheseshowdiversereactivityandmodifiedspectroscopicproperties. Inordertofurtherextendthisfield,theformationofcarbaporphyrinoidsystemsincorporatingheterocyclicsubunits is being investigated. Specifically, porphyrinoid1 incorporating a 4H-quinolinizin-4-one unitwas targeted forsynthesis.Aquinolizinonediester2wassynthesizedfromethyl2-pyridylacetateanddiethylethoxymethylenemalonate.Refluxing2withconc.hydrochloricacidaffordedquinolizinone3andsubsequentVilsmeier-Haackformylationgavetherelateddialdehyde4.Condensationof4withtripyrrane5usingtheMacDonald-type“3+1”approachgavethetargetedoxyquinoliziniporphyrin1.ProtonNMRspectroscopy indicated that thisnovelporphyrinoidhas intermediaryaromaticcharacter.Ongoingstudiesarebeingdirectedtowardsthemetalation,structuralandspectroscopiccharacterizationof1.

Presenter: Alexis Graybeal, Undergraduate


Authors: Alexis Graybeal; Timothy Lash

Title: INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE SYNTHESIS OF 2,4-QUINIPORPHYRINS

Carbaporphyrinsandrelatedsystemsreplaceoneormoreofthenitrogensoftheporphyrincavitywithcarbonatoms.Manyexamplesofthesesystemsareknown,includingbenziporphyrinsandnaphthiporphyrinsthatincorporateben-zeneornaphthalenesubunits,respectively.Inthisproject,carbaporphyrinoidsincorporatingquinolinesubunits(1)havebeentargetedforinvestigation.Inthesestructures,anitrogenhasbeenreintroducedbutplacedattheperipheryofthestructure.Aseriesofquinolinediesters2havebeenpreparedandreductionwithdiisobutylaluminumhydrideat-70ºCaffordedtherelateddialdehydes3.Inaddition,atripyrrolicintermediate4(tripyrrane)hasbeensynthesizedsothatthenewporphyrinanaloguescanbegeneratedusinga“3+1”methodology.Preliminaryinvestigationsintotheformationofquiniporphyrinderivatives1arecurrentlyinprogress.

Presenter: Rachel Johnston, Undergraduate


Authors: Rachel Johnston; Timothy Lash

Title: INVESTIGATION INTO THE SYNTHESIS OF PORPHYRIN ANALOGUES FROM AZULITRIPYRRANES

Dueinparttotheirimportanceinnature,porphyrinshavebeensyntheticallyinvestigatedtodeterminetheirproper-tiesandpotentialapplications.Azuliporphyrins1,porphyrinanaloguesthatpossessabicyclicazulenesubunit,haveintriguingpropertiesthatincludetheabilitytoformorganometallicderivativesundermildconditions.Inordertofurtherinvestigatethisunusualporphyrinoidsystem,thesynthesisofmethyl-substitutedazuliporphyrin1canddeazaazulipor-phyrin2havebeenchosenassynthetictargets.6-tert-Butyl-and6-methylazulene,3aand3b,werereactedwithtwoequivalentsofanacetoxymethylpyrrole4inthepresenceofanacidicclaycatalysttogiveazulitripyrranes5.Goodyieldswereobtainedfor5abutthemethylsubstitutedazulitripyrrane5bwasisolatedincomparativelylowyields.Although5areactswithpyrroledialdehydestogivegoodyieldsofazuliporphyrins,thisreactionfailedfor5b,possiblyduetotheacidicnatureofthemethylsubstituent.tert-Butylazulitripyrranewasalsoconvertedintothecorrespondingdialdehyde6abysequentialtreatmentwithtrifluoroaceticacidandtrimethylorthoformate.Currently,theconversionofthisspeciesintoastretcheddialdehyde6bisunderinvestigation.ItisanticipatedthatMcMurrycondensationwillconvert6bintodeazaazuliporphyrin2.Thisnovelmacrocyclewillallowustoprobehowthemissingnitrogenatomaffectsthearomaticpropertiesofthesecompounds.

Presenter: Melissa Mathius, Undergraduate


Authors: Melissa Mathius; Timothy Lash

Title: INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE SYNTHESIS OF PHENALIPORPHYRINS

Benziporphyrins1arenonaromaticporphyrinoidswithacross-conjugated6πelectronarenesubunit.However,modifi-cationofthissystemcanresultintheformationofaromaticmacrocycles.Inthisproject,abenziporphyrin-likesystem2 incorporatingaphenalenesubunithasbeentargetedforinvestigation.Itisanticipatedthatthisporphyrinoidwilltakeonfullyaromaticcharacteristicswhileretainingafusednaphthalenemoiety.Therequiredprecursorsto2 are tripyrranes such as 3a and3b,andtricyclicdialdehydes4 or 5.Initialattemptstoprepare4byperformingaWittigcondensationwithperinaphthenone,followedbyaVilsmeierformylation,wereunsuccessful.Currently,analternativesyntheticrouteto 5isbeingdevelopedbeginningwith1-tetralone.Naphthylsuccinicanhydride6hasbeenpreparedandcyclizedtoproduceketoacid7a.Itisanticipatedthatesterificationtoproduce7b,followedbyaWittigcondensationandreductionwithDIBAL-H,willaffordtherequireddialdehyde5.Subsequent‘3+1’condensationwithtripyrranes3willtheaffordphenaliporphyrins 2.

HN

N

N

1

N

HN

NH

2

HN

HN

HO2C

HO2CNH

3

Me

R

Et

EtR

Me O CO2R

5

OHC CHO

4

OHOHC

7

a. R = Et, b. R = (CH2)5CH3

Me

R

Et

EtR

Me

6

O

O

O

a. R = H, b. R = Me

Benziporphyrin Phenaliporphyrin

Communication

Presenter: Alyssa Green, Graduate

Group Member: Hillary Campos

Mentor: John Baldwin

Title: STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA INTEGRATION INTO ACADEMIA

Intoday’sworld,nearlyeveryapp,tool,andwebsitehasasocialmediacomponenttoit.FromsharingYoutubevideostocommunicatingthroughplatforms,educatorscouldbenefitfromexploringthefunctionalityofbringingtechnologyintotheclassroom.Socialmediaallowpeopletocollaborate,communicate,andshareinformationonlineinasocialenviron-mentascreatorsoftheirowncontentthroughavirtualcommunity.Thisstudyutilizedfocusgroupsinordertodeter-minetheperceptionsthatcollegestudentshaveaboutbringingsocialmediaintoaneducationalsetting.Focusgroupsallowparticipantstohaveagroupconversationaboutaparticulartopic,whilealsoidentifyingkeyideasandchallengingtheirthoughtprocesseswithagroupoftheirpeers.Thisstudyexaminedresponsesfromtwofocusgroups,withatotalnumberofnineparticipants.Resultsrevealedthreemajorthemestohelpidentifyifandtowhatextentsocialmediashouldbeincorporatedintoacademia:Contentofmedia,perceivedstrengthsofsocialmedia,andperceivedconsofsocialmedia.

Presenter: Tamanna Tasmin, Graduate

Mentor: John Baldwin

Title: YOU ONLY HAVE TO BE BRAVE ENOUGH TO SEE IT: EVALUATION OF GENDER ROLE PORTRAYAL IN DISNEY PRINCESS MOVIES IN VIEW OF WAVES OF FEMINISM

ThispaperrhetoricallyanalyzesgenderroleportrayalinDisneyprincessmovies.Disneyprincessmovieshaveasig-nificantimpactonhowsocietydefinesgenderrolesasitisaprominentvoiceoftheentertainmentworld.Disneyhassuccessfullycommercializedtheconceptofbeingaprincessfeedingonacentury-oldfantasy.Eachoftheirmovies’centersaroundafemalelead.Althoughtheyvaryinthestoryline,thegenderroleportrayalinthesemoviesremainssimilar.Fromdependent,delicateanddomesticatedtoindependent,boldandadventurousfeaturesoftheirheroines,Disneyprincessmovieshaveshiftedtheirconcentrationbriskly.Ataninitialstage,Disneyportrayedstereotypicalnotionsofwomenintheirmovies.Gradually,acceptingthechangesinsociety,Disneyadaptedtheirstorylines.Inthispaper,Iwillidentifywhethertherecentuprisingandpreviouswavesoffeminism,haveanyinfluenceonthesemoviesandtowhatextentthecharacteristicsofprincesseschangedfrompasttonewprincessmovies.Todothis,IhavecategorizedthemostpopularDisneyprincessmoviesinthreegenerations–theconventionalprincess(1939–1959),thetransitionalprincess(1980sand1990s)andthemodernprincess(2000tillnow).Afterintroductorydiscussion,thispaperdiscussesgenderrolesinmediafollowedbythreegenerationsofDisneyprincessesandconcludeswithadiscussionofthisshiftinthestoryline,inlinewiththewavesoffeminism.

Communication Sciences and Disorders

Presenter: Savannah Cornejo, Undergraduate

Mentor: Taeok Park

Title: TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OROPHARNYGEAL SWALLOWING IN MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

MultipleSystemAtrophy(MSA)canbedefinedasasporadicneurodegenerativedisorder.Muscularweaknessisamajorclinicalfeatureofmyotonicdystrophy.Bradykinesiaandrigidityaffectthemotorfunctionofthetonguewhichcancausedysphagia.Oral-relatedsymptomssuchasdrooling,sensorychangesintheoralcavity,difficultyinchewing,anddrymoutharecharacteristicsofMSA.Also,delayedpharyngealswallow,penetration,andaspirationcanalsobesymptomsofthisdisorder.

ThepurposeofthislongitudinalstudywastodeterminetemporalcharacteristicschangesofswallowinginapatientwithMSAinordertobetterunderstandhowtheswallowingmechanismisdirectlyaffectedfromthisneurogenicdisease.Theparticipantincludeda60-year-oldmalewhowasdiagnosedwithMSAin2009.Overthecourseofsixevaluations,1/21/2013-6/16/2014,avideofluoroscopicswallowexamination(VFSE)procedurewasperformedfor5differentboluses.Thetypesofbolusandvolumesincluded2mLthinliquid,5mLthinliquid,thickliquid,puree,andpudding.

Tomeasuretemporalcharacteristics,eachswallowwasanalyzedforthefollowingpoints:onsetofposteriormovementofbolus,bolusheadpassingtheramusofmandible,initialopeningofUES,tailofboluspassingtheUES,initiationofmaximalexcursionofhyoid,firstcontactofarytenoidandepiglottis,andthefinalcontactofarytenoidsandepiglottis.ThetemporalmeasurementsincludedOralTransitTime(OTT),PharyngealTransitTime(PTT),DurationofUESOpening(DUESO),StageTransitionDuration(STD),InitiationofLaryngealClosure(ILC),andLaryngealClosureDuration(LCD).Theaveragetimeinsecondspereachkindofboluswerecomparedtonormativedata.

Overallthetemporalcharacteristicsoftheswallowweredifferentincomparisonwiththenormativedata.Evaluationsshowedprolongedbolustransitionintheoralandpharyngealstageacrossallconsistenciesduetorigidandstiffmuscu-latureoftheoralandpharyngealstructuresandalsodelayedinitiationoflaryngealclosure(ILC)whichisrelatedtoriskofaspiration.UtilizingthesemeasurementshelpedtodeterminehowMSAwasaffectingtheswallowingmechanismsindividually.SinceMSAisaprogressivediseasetheremustbefollow-upevaluationstolookatlong-termproponents.Dysphagiamanagementwillhelpmaintainfunctionofswallow.

Criminal Justice Sciences

Presenter: Jacqueline Privett, Undergraduate

Mentor: Jacqueline Schneider

Authors: Jacqueline Privett; Jacqueline Schneider

Title: EVALUATING MIKE & PIKE: THE RELATIONSHIP TREND BETWEEN ELEPHANT CARCASSES & THE ILLEGAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED ELEPHANTS

AfricanandAsianelephantsfacemanythreatstotheirpopulationnumbers,includinghabitatloss,climatechange,andinteractionswithhumans.However,poachingandtheillegalwildlifetradearethelargestthreatstothesespecies.Thefirststepintheillegaltradeistakingorpoachingoftheelephant–typicallythebullswiththelargesttusks.Tuskivory,whetherAfricanorAsian,isthenexportedtotransithubsinAsiancountries.Finalexportedproducts,eithercarvedorraw,entertheillegalmarketslocatedinmanyAsiancountriesandcities.MonitoringtheIllegalKillingofElephants(MIKE)andProportionofIllegallyKilledElephants(PIKE)calculatedthatmoreelephantcarcasseswerefoundin2011thananyotheryear,whichresultedinmoreshipmentsofivoryleavingAfricaandthepriceofivorytriplinginChina.MIKEandPIKEdataareanalyzedinordertoevaluatethecrimeofelephantpoachinganditsroleintheillegaltradeinendangeredspecies.

Presenter: Davey Rivers, Undergraduate

Mentor: Michael Gizzi

Title: OFFICIAL MISCONDUCT IN EXONERATION CASES PRIOR TO 1989

Nosystemiswithoutitsshortcomings,andthelegalsystemisnodifferent.Intheinstanceofawrongfulconviction,appealsmaybefiledforfurtherexaminationofthecase.WhenanindividualwhowaswronglyconvictedisreleasedbecauseofanerrormadewithintheCriminalJusticeSystem,thisiscalledanexoneration.Myresearchexaminestrendswithinexonerationcasescontainingofficialmisconductpriorto1989,whenDNAevidencebecamecommonlyusedincourts.ThroughdatacollectedfromtheNationalRegistryofExonerations,Ihaveoutlinedthecommoncausesofwrong-fulconvictionfrombothpoliceofficersandprosecutors.Resultsshowedthatthemostcommonformofpolicemiscon-ductleadingtowrongfulconvictionwascoercingafalseconfession.Thatfactorwasfollowedcloselybyviolenceorthethreatofitandframingthesuspect.Thesethreeformsofpolicemisconductfrequentlyoccurredtogetherinthenarra-tiveofpolicebeatafalseconfessionoutoftheirsuspectandthenusedthatasevidenceincourt.Prosecutorialmiscon-ductwaslargelycenteredaroundmishandlingorwithholdingevidenceinordertoobtaintheconviction,frequentlybysuppressingexculpatoryevidence.Thereweremanycasesthatfeaturedbothpoliceandprosecutormisconduct.

Economics

Presenter: Sirazum Munira Haque, Graduate

Mentor: David Cleeton

Co-mentor: Dimitrios Nikolaou

Title: FIRM’S COMMITMENT TO RELATIONAL CONTRACTING AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISIONS

Permissionwasnotgiventoplaceabstractinthisbook.

Presenter: Kosiso Madu, Graduate

Mentor: Dimitrios Nikolaou

Title: FERTILITY RATES AND PAID FAMILY LEAVE AMONG OECD COUNTRIES

Forthepastdecades,fertilityratesinEuropeandNorthAmericahavebeenonthedeclineandhavefallenbelowre-placementlevelsowingtoincreaseinfemalelaborforceparticipationrate,changinggenderroles,andlackofsocialprotectionforchildren.InFranceforinstance–thecountrywiththehighestfertilityrateamongOECDcountries–thefertilityrateis1.9whichisstillbelowtheUnitedNationsreplacementrateof2.1.Thishasraisedconcernsforpopulationsustainabilityandthepossibleroleoffamily-friendlypoliciesincounteringthisdecline.Familypoliciesencompasspol-iciestargetedatfamilycreation,economicsupportforfamilies,childrearing,andcare-giving.Inthispaper,IinvestigateatypeoffamilypolicywithanalmostcompletecoverageamongOECDcountries:paidfamilyleavepolicies.Paidfamilyleaveisusedherebecauseitfacilitateswork-familybalanceandappearstohaveadecisiveimpactonchildbearing.Also,apartfromtheUnitedStates,ithasacompletecoverageamongOECDcountries.Ifwesubscribetothedemandforchil-drenfollowingthedemandofanormalgood,thenpaidfamilyleavecouldaffectfertilitythroughpositiveincomeeffectsbyincreasingincomesincetheyarepaid,andsecondly,throughnegativesubstitutioneffectsbyreducingtheopportunitycostofbirthingandraisingchildren.Usingcountry-levelannualdataonfertilityratesandmaternityleavesfrom1990–2018,Iexamineifthispolicyhasanyeffectonfertilityratesamong30OECDcountries.Iemploythedifference-in-differ-encetechniquetoidentifyacausalimpactofthispolicyonfertilityrates.

Presenter: Md Zahidur Rahman, Graduate

Mentor: Rati Ram

Title: INCOME ELASTICITY OF POVERTY: RECENT ESTIMATES FOR SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

Measuringthemagnitudeoftheeffectofeconomicgrowthonpovertyrateisrelevantbothforacademicandpolicypurposes.ThispaperestimatestheincomeelasticityofpovertyinsixSouthAsiancountries–whereworld’smajorityofthepoorpeoplelive–forthemostrecentperiodsince2005to2015.Basedonthefindings,fivenotablepointscanbeidentified.First,therehasbeensubstantialimprovementinpovertysituationduringtheperiodreflectedbyhighratesofdeclinein$1.90povertyrate.Second,comparedto1990-2005period,observedeffectofgrowthonpovertyreductionduringthelastdecadehasincreasedacrossallthecountriesunderthestudybyafactorofthreeandhigher.Third,in-comeelasticityofpovertydeclinessubstantiallyasthecut-offpointofpovertymeasureisincreasedfrom$1.90to$3.20and$5.50povertyline.Fourth,hugevariabilityisobservedinelasticityestimatesforthissmallgroupofcountriesandthepatternofvariationisalmostsimilartowhatisreportedbyRam(2015).Finally,thisimpliesthatcross-countryfactorsotherthanincomemightexplainalargerpartofthereductionofpovertyfortheSouthAsiancountries.

Keywords:Incomeelasticityofpoverty;economicgrowth;SouthAsia.

Presenter: Shabnam Shahrezaei, Graduate

Mentor: Hassan Mohammadi

Title: CONTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN THE GROWTH PROCESS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL INVESTIGATION USING OECD DATA

ThispaperexaminestherelativecontributionofpublicandprivateinvestmenttopercapitaGDPgrowthin36OECDcountries.Itextendsthebasicneoclassicalmodelofgrowthbyseparatinginvestmentintoitspublicandprivatecompo-nentsfollowingKhanandKumar(1997)andestimatesthismodelforasampleof36OECDcountriesusingsingleequa-

tionestimationtechniques for fourtimeperiods:1980-1989,1990-1999,2000-2009,2010-2017.Thisempiricalanalysisprovidesaframeworktotestseveralinterestinghypotheses:(1)Doesprivateinvestmenthavealargerimpactongrowththanpublicinvestment,andisthedifferentialimpactstatisticallysignificant?(2)Doespublicinvestmentexpendituresubstituteorcomplementprivateinvestmentintheeconomicgrowthprocess?(3)Doesevidencesupportconvergenceinpercapitarealincomeacrossthe36OECDcountries?Thefindingsfromthisstudyarerelevantfromatheoretical,empirical,andpolicypointofview.AlldataarederivedfromIMF’sWorldEconomicOutlook(WEO)database,WorldBank’sWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsandOECDNationalAccounts.

JEL Codes: E22, O47

ReferenceMohsinS.KhanandManmohanS.Kumar(1997).‘PublicandPrivateInvestmentandtheGrowthProcessinDevelopingCountries’,OxfordBulletinofEconomicsandStatistics,59,1(1997)0305-9049.

Presenter: Sara Vaez, Graduate

Mentor: Oguzhan Dincer

Title: FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND INEQUALITY IN MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES: A PANEL DATA APPROACH

Therelationshipbetweenfinancialdevelopmentandeconomicgrowthrateiswellestablishedintheeconomicslitera-ture.However,theimpactoffinancialdevelopment,inpublicandprivetsectors,onincomeinequalities,stillrequiresmoreinvestigation.Incomeinequalityisoneofthemosteconomicchallengesfacingmostcountries.Inthisresearchproject,wereplicatethestudyofthefinancialdevelopment’simpactonincomeinequalityinIndia(Ang,2010)inordertoshedlightonthesamephenomenoninothermiddleeasterncountries(e.g.,Iran).Wewillaimtocurateandanalyzeanannualtimeseriesdataforaperiodoftimeandcompareourresultswiththosereportedintheoriginalstudy.Theprojectwillsharedetailsoftheempiricalframeworkproposedintheoriginalresearchprojectsandourmodificationthereof.Thefindingsofthisprojectwillprovideinsightsontheroleoffinancialdevelopmentplaysindeterminingin-comeinequalityanddistributioninthecountriesincludedinthesampledataset.

Family and Consumer Sciences

Presenter: I Chun Lin, Graduate

Mentor: Yoon Ma

Title: IS FAIR TRADE BRINGING SATISFYING IMPACTS OR CHANGES TO THE UNITED STATES?

Withtheincreasingconsciousnessofethical(Goworek,2011)andvariousenvironmentalissues(Mollenkropf,Stolze,Tate,&Ueltschy,2010),peoplestartedpayingmoreattentiontothemanufacturerswhohaveproducedproductstosatisfybasichumanneedsbuthaven’tacquiredenoughbenefitsfortheminimumleveloftheirqualitylifeincludingapromisedwage,healthyworkingconditionandthebonustheydeservedtomaintainthequalityoftheirproducts.Thepurposeofthiscontent-basedresearchwastoexplorebothpossiblepositiveandnegativeimpactsoffairtrade,theattitudesfromtheU.S.governmentandtheretailerside,theviewpointsofmanufacturersandworkers,andthethoughtsfromconsumers,comprehensively.TheresearcherreviewedscholarlyarticlesandorganizationwebsitesfromtheUni-versitylibraryandGoogleScholarbymainlyusingthekeywordsoffairtrade,America,theconsciousnessoffairtrade,andmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Thepositiveimpactsoffairtradeincludethatworkersareabletogainamorefavorableworkingenvironment,apromisedfairwage,andadditionalcompensations.Intheenvironmentalaspect,executingtheFairtradeStandard,whichharmfulchemicalsandpesticidesarenotallowed,resultsinabetterandsus-tainableenvironment(FairtradeFoundation,n.d.).However,astrongercompetitionwithinsmallproducersanddifferentcertifiedprocessesofthefairtradesystembecametheconcerns(Jaffee&Howard,2016).FortheU.S.governmentand

theretailside,fairtradegivesthemopportunitiestostrengthentherelationshipsbetweenworkersandretailers(Cater,Beal,&Collins,2016).Theresearchstudiesdemonstratedthatconsumers’willingnesspaysmoretopromotefairtradeproductsandhowconsumersthesedaysstilllackconsciousnessoffairtradecomparingtothepopulationoffairtradesupporters(Konuk,2019).Thebiggestconcernforthemanufacturingcompanieswhichareexecutingfairtradeishowtopursuetheaspirationoffairtradebutstillachievetheexpectingprofitsfortheircompaniesatthesametime.Byreview-ingpreviousstudies,thisresearchprovidesabetterunderstandingoffairtradenowadaysandcomplicationsofitaswell.

Geography, Geology, and the Environment

Presenter: Olivia Bachtold, Undergraduate

Mentor: Michaelene Cox

Title: SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MEDITERRANEAN MIGRANT ROUTES TO EUROPE

HowhastheflowofMediterraneanmigrantroutesfluctuatedbefore,duringandaftertheEuropeanmigrantcrisis?

SuccessfullyintegratingmigrantsintotheEuropeanUnionsystemhasbeenoneofthemostdifficultandcontroversialchallengeswithintheUnion.Sincethemigrantcrisispeakin2015,therehasbeenauniversalspotlightontheabundantmigrantactivitythroughtheMediterranean.AvisualanalysisofmigrantroutepatternswithintheWestern,CentralandEasternMediterraneanSearegionswillallowonetoseehowtheflowofmigrantshasfluctuatedovertimeduetopolicychangesinEurope.Myresearchwillfocusonthespatialunderstandingofmigrantdemographicdatathroughacarto-graphic lens.

Presenter: Seth Hardin, Undergraduate

Mentor: Alec Foster

Title: DOCUMENTING GREENSPACES IN PHILADELPHIA

Studieshaveshownthathavingaccesstogreenspaceareasareimportanttooverallwell-beingandcanreducehealthinequalities.WedocumentedandmappedexistinggreenspacesintheOldeKensingtonneighborhoodofCentralPhila-delphianearTempleUniversity.WiththegentrificationandrecentdevelopmentboominthisareaofPhiladelphia,therehavebeenmanygreenspacesthathavebeendestroyedandbuiltupontomakeroomfornewresidences.ByutilizingGoogleEarthandrecentsatelliteimagery,wedigitizedgreenspaceswithinthestudyareaparcelbyparcelandappliedtheirexistingparcelandaddressdata.Wealsoincludedwhetherthegreenspaceswereoncommercial,resident,orva-cantlots,asthereisasignificantamountofvacantlotsintheneighborhood.InAugustof2019,wevisitedthestudysiteinPhiladelphiatoconductfieldworkbygroundtruthingourresultsandobservingifanygreenspaceshadbeenaddedorlostfromthedateofoursatelliteimagery.UsingArcMAP,GoogleEarth,andAdobeillustrator,wecreatedamapwiththecurrentexistinggreenspacesfoundfromourresearchaswellastheamountofschools,communitycenters,andchurch-eswithinthestudyarea.Wefound531greenspacesinourstudyarea,totaling16.98acres,or7.9%ofthetotalstudyarea.Theaverageareapergreenspacewas0.032acres,whilethelargestgreenspacehadanareaof1.33acres.Thisstudyrepresentsthefirstphaseofalong-termresearchprojectinPhiladelphia,bydocumentingthecurrentgreenspacesinthisrapidlychangingneighborhood,residentsandpolicymakerscanworktoensurethattheyarepreservedasnewdevelopmentoccurs.Futureresearchwillexaminehowchangesingreenspacesovertimerelatetoshiftingneighbor-hooddemographics.Themethodologydevelopedforthisstudycanbereplicatedinotherlocationstostudyrapidurbansocioecological change.

Health Sciences

Presenter: Hannah Birchfield, Undergraduate

Group Member: April Post

Mentor: Jennifer Peterson

Title: HOSPITAL ACQUIRED COMPLICATIONS

ThisauditcomparesthedataonhospitalacquiredcomplicationsforfourhospitalsinIllinois(listedbelow).TheresearchteamselectedfivehospitalacquiredconditionsthatwerereportedbytheLeapfrogHospitalSafetyGradewebsiteandcomparedthedatabetweenthosehospitals.Thecategoriesthatwereselectedaresurgicalwoundssplitopen,C.Diffinfections,dangerousbedsores,infectionsintheurinarytract,andcollapsedlungs.TheteamthengatheredinformationfromtheworsthospitalscoresandthebesthospitalscoresintheUnitedStatesandaveragedthemtodeterminethestandardratefortheauditedhospitals.Itwasfoundthattwohospitalsfellbelowthestandardrateinatleastonecate-gory.Theteamthenresearchedwaystoimprovethescoresforallauditedareastoensurethatpropersafetyandprecau-tionswereinplacetoprotectpatients.

Presenter: Angela Brown, Undergraduate

Group Member: Hannah Swanson, Valerie Wozniak, Ewurabena Okai, Erin Brown, Lisseth Bustamante, Jane Bartlett, Holli Winter

Mentor: Beverly Barham

Co-mentor: Deborah Johnson

Title: INFUSING A CURE INTO THE MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE PROGRAM

AllstudentsintheMedicalLaboratoryScience(MLS)cohortof2021(n=22)participatedinacoursebasedundergradu-ateresearchexperience(CURE)inthefallsemester2019.The5basiccomponentsforaCUREinclude:1)useofmultiplescientificpractices,2)theoutcomeisunknown,3)thereisabroaderrelevanceorimportancebeyondthisclassroomexperience,4)collaborationisessentialamongstudentsandinstructors,and5)iterationisbuiltintotheprocess.

MembersofthisMLScohorttookontheroleofprimaryresearcherinanappliedresearchprotocolbycollecting,analyz-ing,andreportingdatafromspecimenstheycollectedfromresidentialplumbingdeterminingtheincidenceofopportu-nisticmycobacteriapresent.MLSstudentsassembledthecollectionkitsandthencollectedspecimensfromresidentialplumbingfaucets(bathroomsink,bathtub,showerhead,kitchensink,orlaundryroomsinks).Eachstudentanalyzedthespecimenstheycollectedforthepresenceofopportunisticmycobacteria.Opportunisticmycobacteriaareincludedasoneoffivedifferentopportunisticplumbingpathogensthatcanbefoundinresidentialplumbing.AnAuramineOfluo-rescentantibodystain,specificforopportunisticmycobacteria,wasperformedoneachspecimen.Thedatafortheap-pliedresearchportionindicatedthat7%(n=44)ofthespecimenscollectedwerepositiveforopportunisticmycobacteriaintheresidentialplumbingspecimens.Citywaterwasthewatersourceforallfaucetstestedandspecimensoriginatedfrom6differentzipcodeareas.

ThesesameMLSstudentsthenreflectedontheoverallCUREexperienceasthehumansubjectsinvolvedinthisresearch.Studentswereaskedtocomplete4shortanonymoussurveysregardingtheareasoftheIRBprocess,thecollectionpro-tocol,thefluorescentstainingprocess,andmeetingtheobjectivesofaCURE.ThedatageneratedfromthesereflectionsindicatedstudentsfelttheyhadabetterunderstandingoftheIRBprocess,thecollectionprotocolwasefficient,therewasagreementthatthestainingandinterpretationofthemodifiedAuramineOfluorescentstainingwasapositiveexpe-rience,andthattheoverallCUREexperiencemettheparametersofatrueCURE.ThisCUREmodelincludedallstudentsandprovidedequalaccessandanequitableexperienceasapartoftheirclassparticipation.

Presenter: Trevor Moran, Undergraduate

Mentor: Liangcheng Yang

Title: COMPARISON OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION USING DIFFERENT DIGESTER OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES

Therehasbeengrowinginterestinusinganaerobicdigestiontotreatlignocellulosicbiomass,andinthemeantime,generatebiogasforenergyproduction.However,currentdesignofeitherliquidorsolidanaerobicdigestionhasmetwithconsiderablechallengesandusuallyrequirespretreatmentoffeedstock.Thisstudyworkedonanewcartridgedesignanaerobicdigestionsystemtotreatlignocellulosicbiomass.Inthis13-monthtest,cornstoverwasemployedasthefeedstock,andthesystemwasoperatedinthreeconditions:1.threecartridgesinthedigesterandeachcartridgewasrotatedeverysevendays;2.fourcartridgesinthedigesterandeachcartridgewasrotatedeverysevendays,and3.fourcartridgesinthedigesterandeachcartridgewasrotatedevery9-10days.Thebiogasproductionwasstableinallthreeconditionsandtheaveragemethaneyieldwas7.57,7.11,and6.90L/day/kg-VSfromconditions1,2,and3,respectively,whichwascomparabletootherdigesterdesigns.However,nofloatingproblem,onlyminimalliquidwastewasgeneratedfromthissystem,andthedailybiogas/methaneyieldwasstable.Also,duetothemicroaerationeffect,theH2Sconcen-trationinthebiogaswaskeptatarelativelylowlevel,withaveragesof60.48,110.31,and52.79ppmfromthecondi-tions1,2,and3respectively.Thestudydemonstratedthefeasibilityofusingthisnewdesignforbiogasproductionfromlignocellulosicbiomassandalsoprovidedabaselineforsystemoptimization.4

Presenter: Nolan Simmons, Undergraduate

Mentor: Guang Jin

Co-mentor: Tom Bierma

Authors: Nolan Simmons, Guang Jin, Tom Bierma

Title: USING RECYCLED GLASS IN ALKALI-ACTIVATED MATERIALS

Portlandcement-basedproducts,primarilyconcretes,aretheworld’smostcommonlyusedbuildingmaterials.However,Portlandcementproductionischaracterizedbyhighenergydemands,consumptionofnon-renewableprimematerialsandtheemissionofgreenhousegases.Alkali-activatedmaterials(AAMs)constituteapossiblealternativetoPortlandcementduetolowerenergydemands,lowerpollutinggasemissionsandtheabsenceofdurabilityrelatedtechnicalproblems.AAMsispreparedbyanalkalineactivatorandindustrialbyproductssuchasslag,flyashandsilicafume.ThepurposeofthisstudyistoexaminetheuseofrecycledglassinAAMsproductionthroughformingsodiumsilicatehydrate(waterglass)–acommonalkaliactivator.Aseriesofbench-scaleglassdissolutionreactionswereperformedusingsodi-umhydroxidesolutionswithcommerciallycleanedandcharacterizedrecycledglass.Reactionswereperformedat80oCandcontinuouslystirredwhereallglassparticlesaresuspended.Concentrationofdissolvedsiliconweremonitoredforevery48hoursfor3weeksandanalyzedusingICP(InductivelyCoupledPlasma).Impactofglassparticlesizeandconcen-trationofsodiumhydroxidewereexamined.Highestdissolvedsiliconconcentrationwasfoundtobeat70,000ppmwiththefinestglassparticlesizeofaround70µmusing1Msodiumhydroxide.

Information Technology

Presenter: Liza Fernandes, Graduate

Mentor: Qi Zhang

Authors: Liza Fernandes, Qi Zhang,

Title: INTERNET-BASED MEDICAL DATA RENDERING AND IMAGE ENHANCEMENT USING WEBGL AND APACHE SERVER

Internet-basedmedicaldatavisualizationhaswideapplications indistributedmedical collaborationsand treatment. Itcanbeachievedthroughvolumerenderingtechnique,whichisakeymethodformedicalimageexplorationandhasbeenappliedtotheclinicalmedicalfieldssuchasdiseasediagnosisandimage-guidedinteraction.

Inthisproject,weimplementsomemedicaldataprocessingandopticalmappingmethodsforweb-basedmedicaldatavisualizationandimageenhancement.TheWebGraphicsLibrary(WebGL)isusedwithJavaScriptforrendering3Dgraphicsinawebbrowser.WebGLsupportsGPUbasedvolumerenderingwhichisanefficienttoolforvisualanalysisofmedicaldata,whichinvolvesvertexshadersandfragmentshaders.Thevertexshaderprovidesspacecoordinates,andthefrag-mentshaderprovidescolor.

Network-basedvolumerenderingisusedtovisualizedataina3Dform.Animageprocessingmethodisimplementedtotransferthe3Ddatasetintomultipleslicesof2DimagedataandWebGLisemployedtorender3Dmedicaldatainwebbrowsers.VolumerenderingisaccomplishedusingthevolumeraycastingalgorithmimplementedwithWebGL2.Wecol-lectnewmedicaldataandprocessthemtofittheweb-basedrenderingenvironment.Thesubmittedworkwillexplaintheprocessofpreparingandloadingmedicaldatasuitabletoberendered.Allthevisualizeddatacanbeenhancedwiththedevelopedmethodstoemphasizetheimagefeatureofinterest.Wealsoaddnewcontrolpointsforopticalmappingandrenderingmedicaldatainawebbrowserinreal-time.ThesoftwareplatformisrunningonApacheWebServerfornet-work-baseddatavisualization.Thedevelopedimageenhancementsandpropertycontrolmethodscanimprovemedicaldatavisualizationonwebbrowsers,whichwillbehelpfulforinternet-basedmedicaldataanalysisandexploration,aswellasmedicaldiagnosisandtreatment.

Presenter: Amrita Shalini, Graduate

Mentor: James Wolf

Title: USING MACHINE LEARNING & DATA SCIENCE TO FIGHT CYBER CRIME

Inthemodernworldthetechnologyisrisingquiterapidly.Inordertooperateourindustries,government,nationaldefenseandothervitalfunctions,societyisbecomingmoredependentondataandnetworks.Nearlyeverypersonwithcomputerknowledgehasenteredintotheuseofthisfast-growingindustry.Cybercrimeisacriminalactcommittedviainternetandtechnology.Mostcybercrimeisanattackonpersonal,corporate,orgovernmentinformation.Thoughtheattacksdonotoccuronaphysicalbody,theydooccuronthevirtualpersonalorcorporatebody,whichisthesetofinformationattributesthatdefinepeopleandinstitutionsontheInternet.Today,cybercrimehasdrawnagreatdealofattentionaroundtheglobebecauseoftherecordeddramaticincreaserateofcasereported.Asamatteroffact,anewformofcybercrimecaseisbeingrecordedeverysingleday.Inreality,cybercrimeisthemostbrutalcomputercrimeinthemodernworldthathascausedagreatdealofmanypeopletolosetheirmostconfidentialinformation.Inoth-erwords,ourvirtualidentitiesareessentialelementsinthedigitalageMachinelearning&DataScienceisoneofthedefensemechanismstoprotectourvirtualidentities.Thisnotonlyhelpstoreacttocybercrimesbyenhancingthecyberprotectionsystemsbutalsoisinstrumentalinformulatingdefensestrategiesproactivelybypredictiveanalysis.

Kinesiology and Recreation

Presenter: Hannah Harris, Graduate

Mentor: Noelle Selkow

Co-mentor: Justin Stanek

Author: Hannah Harris

Title: HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF GRASTON TECHNIQUE ON TRIGGER POINTS IN THE UPPER TRAPEZIUS IN PATIENTS WITH NECK PAIN

Context:Non-specificneckpainlacksaspecificdiagnosiswithvaryingcausessuchaspoorpostureandmusculartriggerpoints.Commonly,poorposturecausestightnessintheuppertrapezius(UT)muscleduetosustainedactivity.Thisleadstodecreasedoxygentothemuscleandtriggerpointformation.GrastonTechnique®(GT)isaformofmanualtherapythatusesstainlesssteelinstrumentstobreakdowntissueadhesions.GTontriggerpointshasbeenpresumedtoincreaselocalbloodflowleadingtotissuehealinganddecreasedpain,however,thephysiologicaleffectsonsubcutaneoushemo-dynamicshaveyettobeproven.

Objective:Tomeasureactivecervicalrangeofmotion(ROM),neckpain,andsubcutaneoushemodynamicsoftheUTfollowingasingleinterventionofGTinpatientswithneckpainstemmingfromtriggerpoints.

Study Design:Single-blindedrandomizedcontrolledlaboratorystudy.

Participants:Sixtyparticipants(18-40yo)experiencingneckpainandtriggerpoint(s)presentintheUTmusclevolun-teered.Participantswereexcludediftheyhadmanualtherapywithinthepast3monthstotheneck/shoulder,historyofdiagnosedneckinjury,spinal,orshouldersurgery,cancer,kidneydysfunction,pregnancy,anticoagulantmedication,varicoseveins,polyneuropathies,diabetes,heartfailure,contagiousskinconditions,openwounds,thrombophlebitis,andhypertension.

Interventions:Participantsrandomlyassignedto:GT,shaminstrumentassistedsofttissuemobilization(IASTM),orcontrol.AllparticipantscompletedtheGTprotocol:a10-minutearmbikewarm-up,5-minutetreatmentbasedongroup,passivelateralflexionstretch,and3therapeuticexercises.TreatmentareawasdeterminedbybilateralpalpationoftheUTmuscleforthemostprominenttriggerpoint.

Main Outcome Measure(s):Subcutaneoushemodynamics,necklateralflexionROM,andpainpressurethreshold.

Results:Increasedlevelsofoxygenatedhemoglobin(superficialanddeep)inGTandshamgroups(p<0.008)comparedtocontrolgroup.However,therewerenodifferencesfoundbetweenGTandsham(p>.555).Forright(p=.025)andleft(p=.002)lateralflexion,therewasatreatmentmaineffect.GTshowedincreasedROMcomparedtothesham(p=.019)andcontrol(p=.017)ontheright.GT(p=.001)andsham(p=.017)increasedROMcomparedtocontrolontheleft.NodifferencesfoundamonggroupsforPPT(p=.201).

Conclusion:Overall,asingletreatmentofGTprovedtobeaneffectivetreatmenttechniquefortheUTregardingsubcu-taneoushemodynamicsandROMinpatientswithneckpain.FurtherresearchisneededtoestablishifGTasasuperiortreatmenttootherformsofIASTM.

Presenter: Mike Kianicka, Graduate

Mentor: Mike Mulvaney

Title: THE EFFECTS OF SUPERVISOR TRUST ON EMPLOYEES’ REACTIONS TO THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM IN PARK AN RECREATION AGENCIES

Well-designedemployeeperformanceappraisalsassumegreatimportancebyprovidingparkandrecreationagencieswithinformationthatcanguideadministrativeanddevelopmentaldecision-makingabouttheirmostimportantasset-theirhumanresources.Despitetheirimportance,anagency’sperformanceappraisalsystemcanoftenbeviewedbyem-

ployeesandmanagementasafrustratingandunfairprocess.Previousresearchhassuggestedthatperformanceapprais-alsdonothappeninisolation,butwithinasocialcontext.Guidedbytheexistingappraisalresearch,thepurposeofthisstudyistoexaminetheeffectsofsupervisortrustonemployees’reactionstotheperformanceappraisalsystem.Strate-gicHumanResourceManagement(SHRM)theorywillserveastheframeworkforthestudy.Morespecifically,SHRMandtheexistingmanagementliteraturewillguidethedevelopmentandtestingofthishypothesis.PublicparkandrecreationprofessionalswithintheIllinoisParkandRecreationAssociation’smembershipwereinvitedtoparticipateinthestudy.Anonlinesurveywasdevelopedtomeasurethevariablesofinterestincludingsatisfactionwiththeirperformanceappraisal,satisfactionwiththesystemusedduringtheappraisal,andperceptionsofproceduralanddistributivejusticewiththeap-praisalsystem.Preliminaryandsubstantivestatisticalanalyseswasperformedtotestthestudy’shypothesis.Adiscussionofthefindings,theirimplicationsformanagement,andrecommendationsforfutureresearcharealsoprovided.

Presenter: Darby McCauley, Graduate

Mentor: Nicole Hoffman

Authors: Darby McCauley; Chelsea Kuehner; Nicole Hoffman

Title: PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT GIVEN TO INJURED COLLEGIATE ATHLETES BY THEIR HEAD COACHES, ASSISTANT COACHES, TEAMMATES, AND ATHLETIC TRAINERS

Injuriessustainedduringanathlete’scareercanbedetrimentalandmaynotonlycausephysicalharm,butmaycausepsychologicaldistressandresultingquestionsofidentity,roles,andpurpose.Socialsupportiscommonlydefinedasindividualswhomarereadilyavailable,reliable,andletus(therecipientofsocialsupport)knowthattheycareabout,value,andloveus.Socialsupportisonewaythatcliniciansandotherswhoareclosetotheathletecanfocusonhelp-ingthewholepatientandmeetingboththeirphysicalandmentalneedsmoreeffectivelythroughoutthecourseofaninjury.Unfortunately,socialsupportisoftenoverlookedandevidenceisminimal.Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastodeterminethesatisfactionofsocialsupportgivenbyheadcoaches,assistantcoaches,teammates,andAthleticTrainerstotheirstudent-athletesthroughoutaninjury,asperceivedbythestudent-athlete.Methods:AthleticTrainersdistributedanonymousonlinesurveystoeligiblestudent-athletesatNCAADivision3andNAIAuniversitiesinthecen-tralIllinoisarea.Sixtycompletesurveys(60.6%responserate)wereavailableforanalysis(males=18(30%),females=41(68.3%),prefernottoanswer=1(1.7%)withanaverageageof20.1±1.2).ThesurveywasdistributedandcompletedthroughasecureQualtricswebsite.Results:Thesurveyanalyzed8differenttypesofsocialsupportandhowmuchthestudent-athletesweresatisfiedwiththesocialsupportthattheyreceivedfromtheirheadcoaches,assistantcoaches,teammates,andAthleticTrainers.Aone-wayrepeatedmeasuresMANOVArevealedasignificantmultivariateeffectforcombinedaspectsofsocialsupportbetweenthe4supporterswithAthleticTrainersgivingoverallmoresatisfyingsocialsupport(WilksΛ=0.76,F(3,59)=2.09,p=0.002,η2=0.89).Furthermore,AthleticTrainerswereshowntoprovidesig-nificantlymoresatisfyingsocialsupportinregardstorealityconfirmation,taskappreciation,taskchallenge,andtangibleassistance support. Conclusion:Thisstudyidentifiedimportantdifferencesbetweenthetypesofsocialsupportgiventotheinjuredstudent-athletefromthesedifferentindividuals.ThisresearchcanhelpguideAthleticTrainersandotherhealthcareprofessionalswithunderstandingtheimportanceofsocialsupportandbringlighttoasubjectthathasbeenoverlooked.

Presenter: Emily Schultz, Graduate

Mentor: Noelle Selkow

Authors: Emily Schultz; Noelle Selkow

Title: EXPLORING THE HEMODYNAMIC BENEFITS OF CUPPING THERAPY AT THE UPPER TRAPEZIUS

Context:Musculoskeletalneckandshoulderpainisaprevalentconditionwithnearlytwo-thirdsofthepopulationex-periencingitsometimeintheirlifespan.Thetreatmentformusculoskeletalpainconditionsvaries,butrecentfocusisoncomplementaryandalternativemedicine,suchascuppingtherapy.Cuppingtherapyisanancienttreatmentmethodthatinvolvestheuseofacuptoproducesub-atmosphericpressureontheskin.Thereismuchspeculationarounditstrue

mechanismsonthehumanbody;theoriesindicatethatcuppingtherapyhasaneffectonbloodflow,inflammation,andpain.Additionally,therehasnotbeenpre-definedparametersforthetreatmentofmusculoskeletalpainconditions.Ob-jective:Toexamineifdifferentdrycuppingtreatmenttimesalteredchangesinsuperficialanddeepsubcutaneoustissuehemodynamics.Design:Single-blinded,randomizedcrossoverstudySetting:AthleticTrainingLaboratoryParticipants:32participantsvolunteeredforthisstudy.Participantswereincludediftheywerehealthyindividualswithnon-specificneckpain.Participantswereexcludediftheyhadcuppingtherapyoranytreatmentperformedwithinthepastthreemonthstotheneckorshoulderarea;historyofhead,neck,orshoulderinjurywithinthepastsixmonthsresultinginmedicalcare;knownbloodclottingdisorder;allergytolubricant;orthefollowingmedicalconditions:hypertension,diabetes,cancer,pregnancy,cardiacfailure,renalfailure,allergicpurpura,hernia,psoriasis,eczema,rosacea,varicoseveins,phlebitis,hepatocirrhosis,allergicdermatitis,sunburn,openwound,fever,orweretakinganticoagulants.Interventions: Drycuppingtherapyfor5,7.5,and10minutesinarandomizedorderrepeatedonceperweek.Onestationarycupwasplaceddirectlyoverthemidpointoftheuppertrapeziusmuscleforeachparticipantfortheallottedtime.Outcome Measures:Subcutaneoushemodynamics(superficialanddeepoxygenated,deoxygenated,andtotalhemoglobin)werecollectedandexportedfordataanalysesusingtheNIRSPortamon.Changescoreswerecalculatedbetweenbaselineandimmediatepostintervention,immediateand10minutepost-intervention,andbaselineand10minutepostinterventionmeasurements.StatisticalanalyseswerecompletedusingrepeatedmeasuresANOVAstocomparechangesinsubcu-taneoushemodynamicsfollowingdifferenttreatmenttimes(5,7.5,and10minutes).Results:Therewasamaineffectforsuperficialanddeepoxygenated,deoxygenated,andtotalhemoglobin(p≤0.001).Posthocanalysesrevealedthatalltreatmenttimesincreasedhemoglobinlevelsimmediatelyafterinterventionandmaintainedthisincreaseoverthe10minuteperiodforoxygenatedandtotalhemoglobinlevels.Conclusions:Theresultsdemonstratedthatdrycuppingtherapyincreasesdeepandsuperficialoxygenated,deoxygenated,andtotalhemoglobinlevelsattreatmenttimesof5,7.5,and10minutes.Thisindicatesthatclinicianscanapplycuppingtherapyforashorterperiodoftimeandmaintainasignificanteffectonbloodflow.Drycuppingtherapyisaneffectivetreatmentfornon-specificneckpain,andmayhelpdecreasepainandinflammationinpatientsaswell.

Presenter: Cara Zinn, Undergraduate

Group Members: Alex DiSerio, Graduate; Ayla Kibler, Graduate

Mentor: Karen Dennis

Co-mentor: Alex Wolfe

Authors: Cara Zinn; Alex DiSerio; Ayla Kibler

Title: HEART RATE VARIABILITY: A 16-WEEK EXAMINATION OF STRESS MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON HRV

Heartratevariability(HRV)hadbeendescribedasthetimeintervalbetweenheartbeatsandhasbeenshowntobeanimportantaspectofoverallhealth.Stressisaphenomenonthatinfluencesheartratevariability.Duringstressfulevents,thesympatheticnervoussystemisaroused.Physiologically,stressappearsintheformofloweredHRV,withdecreasedparasympatheticactivity,increasedsympatheticactivity,andincreasedlevelsofcortisol.ThiscanbealteredthroughasystemofexercisesandstressmanagementeducationreferredtohereasHRVtraining.Previousresearch(DennisandWolfe,2016;DennisandWolfe,2017)hasshownthatphysicalactivityandexerciseintensityhasapositiveeffectonHeartRateVariability.Further,achievementofmoderateintensityphysicalactivityrecommendationsmayhaveagreaterinfluenceonstressthentotalstepsperday(DennisandWolfe,2018).

Purpose:ThepurposeofthisstudywastocontinuetoinvestigatetheeffectsofphysicalactivityandotherbiometricvariablesonHRVoverthecourseofasemester-long(16-week)coursedesignedaroundlifestyleeducationandstressmanagement HRV training.

Methods:Thesubjectsforthisresearchwere23studentsenrolledintheKNR113“PersonalFitness”course.Thedura-tionofthisstudylastedoneacademicsemester(16-weeks).Allparticipatingstudentswereassignedapedometer(NewLifestyles)thatwasusedtotracktheirstepseachday.Eachstudenthadphysicalfitnessandbiometricdatacollectedatthebeginningandendofeachsemester,inadditiontohavingHRVmeasurementstakenatthebeginningandendofeachsemester.HRVmeasurementsweretakenusingtheHeartMathemWaveprosoftwareusinganinfraredpulseplethysmograph(ppg)earsensor.Physicalactivitydatawascollectedeachweekofthecoursethroughself-reportedpedometerlogs.Lifestyleeducationandexerciseweretheprimaryfocusofthecurriculumfortheclass.Weeklyassign-

mentsgiventhroughtheHeartMathwebsitewereusedtoeducatestudentsonstressmanagementtechniques.

Results:ToBeDetermined

Mathematics

Presenter: Emily Gutzler, Undergraduate

Group Member: Lia Kaminsky, Undergraduate

Mentor: Songling Shan

Authors: Emily Gutzler; Lia Kaminsky

Title: GRACEFULLY LABELING SPIDERS WITH ALL BUT AT MOST 2 LEG LENGTHS BEING AT MOST 2

LetGbeagraphwithmedges.AgracefullabelingofGisafunctionf:V(G)→{0,1,...,m}suchthatdistinctverticesreceivedistinctnumbersand{|f(u)−f(v)|:uv∈E(G)}={1,2,...,m}.WecallGgracefulifGhasagracefullabeling.Rosain1966firstlyconjecturedthateverytreeisgraceful.Thisconjecturewasonlyconfirmedforcertainclassesoftreesincludingcaterpillartrees,lobstertreeswithaperfectmatching.Aspiderisatreewithexactlyonevertexofdegreeatleast3.PanpaandPoomsa-ardin2016provedthatallspiderswithallbutatmostfourleglengthbeing1aregraceful.Inthiswork,weshowthateveryspiderwithallbutatmosttwoleglengthsbeingatmost2isgraceful.

Ourproofconsistsoffindinganicepatterningracefullylabelingtwosubgroupsofspiders:everyspiderwithalllegsbeinglengthatmosttwo,everyspiderwithallbutonelegbeinglengthatmosttwo.Inalltheselabelings,thevalueas-signedtothecentervertexisalwayszero.Finally,applyinganapproachintroducedin[Gracefulnessoffamiliesofspiders,P.Bahl,S.Lake,andA.Wertheim,G,Involve,3(2010)241-247],weareabletofindagracefullabelingforspiderswithallbutatmosttwoleglengthsbeingatmost2.

Presenter: Kazi Tanvir Hasan, Graduate

Mentor: Olcay Akman

Title: INFECTIOUS DISEASE MORTALITY PREDICTION

Whenmortalitystatisticsarereportedforinfectiousdiseases,theycommonlyreflecttheratiofortheentirepopulationimpactedfromit.Thiscausesanunderestimationsincethefrailmembersofthepopulationareimpactedatahigherrate.Withtheremaininghealthymembers,themortalityratebecomesskewed.Withthisproject,westudypredictingmortalityundervaryingfrailtyconditionstoaccountforthehiddenheterogeneity’simpactontheparameterestimates.

Presenter: Jesse Hayes-Carver, Undergraduate

Group Member: Walter J. Witt, Undergraduate


Authors: Jesse Hayes-Carver; Walter J. Witt

Title: SMALL QUASI-KERNELS IN HAIRY TOURNAMENTS

LetD=(V,E)beadigraph.AvertexsetK⊆Visaquasi-kernelofDifKisanindependentsetinDandforeveryvertexv⊆V\K,visatmostadistanceof2fromK.Itisawell-knownresultofChvátalandLovászthateverydigraphhasaquasi-kernel.In1976,P.L.ErdősandL.A.SzékelyconjecturedthatifeveryvertexofDhasapositivein-degree,thenDhasaquasi-kernelofatmost|V|/2.Atournamentisobtainedfromacompletegraphbyassigningadirectiontoeachedge,andahairytournamentisadigraphwhosedeletionofallsinkverticesyieldsatournament,whereasinkvertexisavertexofzeroout-degree.Acoreisthelargesttournamentofahairytournament.Inthiswork,westudythesizeofaquasi-kernelinahairytournamentandsupporttheErdős-Székelyconjectureforhairytournamentssuchthateachvertexofitscoreisjoinedtoatmosttwosinkvertices.

Theorem

LetGbean-vertexhairytournamentandT⊆GbethecoreofG.If|N_G^+(v)∩(V(G)\V(T))|≤2foreveryv⊆V(T),thenGhasaquasi-kernelofsizeatmostn/2.

ThisTheoremimpliesthatgivenann-vertexhairytournamentinwhichthecoreisconnectedtonomorethantwosinkvertices,onecanfindanindependentsetKofGsatisfyingtwoproperties:foranya⊆V(G)\KitholdsthatdistG(K,a)≤2,andthenumberofverticesinKwillbeatmostn/2.

Methods

Inessence,ourproofisanapplicationofinductiononthenumberofedgesofG,orequivalently,bytakingacounterex-ampleGwiththesmallestnumberofedgestothestatement,andthenfindingawaytoreducethegraphtooneG*withasmallernumberofedges.AsG*isnolongeracounterexampletothestatement,adesiredquasi-kernelK*ofG*canbefound.WethenmodifyK*togetadesiredquasi-kernelforG.Inordertoaccomplishthis,webeginbyinvestigatingthestructuresofacounterexamplewiththesmallestnumberofedgestothestatement.Weprovetwoessentialpropertiesregardingthein-degreevaluesofsinkverticesandhowthosesinkverticesrelatetothetournamentpartofthegraph.

Keywords:Quasi-Kernel,Erdős-SzékelyConjecture,HairyTournament

Presenter: Samuel Kirk, Undergraduate


Title: GRACEFUL LABELINGS OF ORDER SIX GRAPHS

GivenagraphGwithmedges,wecandescribethisgraphasgracefulornot.Agraphthatisgracefulhasafunctionf:V (G)→{0,1,2,...m}sothatdistinctverticesreceivedistinctnumbersandthesetdefinedby{|f(u)−f(v)|:uv ∈ V(G)}isequivalenttotheset{1,2,3,...m}.Putsimply,wewanttobeabletolabeltheverticesofthegraphinsuchawaywheretheabsolutedifferencebetweentheendverticesofanedgeisunique.Ifthereisawaytolabelthegraphfollowingthesestipulationsthenwesaythatthegraphisgraceful,andifthereisnosuchwaythatgraphisnotgraceful.

Inthisprojectwelookatallordersixgraphsandcategorizethemasgracefulornot.Usingacompiledlistofordersixgraphs,weareabletotakeallnon-isomorphicgraphswiththeirrespectiveadjacencymatricesandfindiftheyaregrace-fulornot.TodothiswecreatedaprograminJavawhichtakestheadjacencymatrixasaninput,andoutputsallwaystogracefully label the graph if any.

Theprogramusesseveralstepstotryandminimizethetotalnumberofcasesweneedtocheck,anddoessoinafewdifferentways.Inorderforagraphwithnverticestobegraceful,itmusthaveatleastn−1edges,elsetherewouldnotbeenoughelementsintheset{0,1,2...m}todistinctlylabelthevertices.Sowecheckthisfirst,thenmoveontothesetsofpossiblenumbersthemselves,asnoteverysetofnumbershasallpossibledifferencesweneed.

Theprogramworkswithallgraphsnomattertheorder,howeverforlargergraphstheprogrammaytakesometimetoexecute,asthetimefunctionisonethatgrowsexponentiallywiththeorderofthegraph.

Belowaretwoexamplesofordersixgraphs.Thelargernumbersarethevertexlabels,andthesmalleronesaretheedgelabels.TotheleftisalabelingoftheCompleteGraphthatisnotgraceful.Asyoucanseetherearerepeatededgenum-bers,sothislabelingisnotgraceful.Infact,therearenowaystogracefullylabelthecompletegraphusingnumbersfromtheset{0,1,2,...15},sowesaythatthegraphitselfisnotgraceful.Ontherightisagracefulgraph,withonewaytolabelit gracefully.

Ontheleftisthecompletegraphonsixvertices,whichisnotgraceful.Ontherightisanordersixgraphthatwasfoundto be graceful.

Presenter: Sara Liesman, Graduate

Mentor: Olcay Akman

Title: IMPACTS OF A CROSS-INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH EXPERIENCE WORKSHOP ON STUDENT UNDERSTANDING OF AND SELF-EFFICACY FOR RESEARCHSaraLiesman,DepartmentofMathematics,IllinoisStateUniversity,Normal,IL,61761AngelaAntonou,DepartmentofMathematicsandComputerScience,UniversityofSt.Francis,Joliet,IL,60435MeganPowell,DepartmentofMathematics,UniversityofNorthCarolinaAsheville,Asheville,NC,28804

Therearemanyperceivedbenefitstoundergraduatestudentresearch;however,studentsmaynothaveafullunder-standingoftheresearchprocesspriortoengaginginaproject.Tohelpstudentsgainanunderstandingoftheresearchprocess,theIntercollegiateBiomathematicsAllianceorganizesaCross-InstitutionalResearchExperience(IBA-CURE)thatbringsstudentstogethertoworkonresearchskillsandproblems.Inthispresentation,weanalyzetheimpactofanun-dergraduateresearchworkshoponstudents’understandingofacademicresearchaswellastheimpactontheirself-effi-cacyforconductingresearchthroughananalysisofthe2018and2019IBA-CUREworkshops.Studentscompletedbeforeandaftersurveysaddressingtheirunderstandingofresearchandeffectivecollaborationinconductingresearch,theirperceivedroleinconductingresearch,andtheirperceptionoftheirownskillsspecifictobiomathematicsresearch.Herewediscussimprovementsinself-efficacyandshiftsinperceptionofresearch.

Presenter: Jacob Nottoli, Undergraduate

Group Members: Eva Yang, Undergraduate; Anna Janaszak, Undergraduate


Authors: Anna Janaszak; Jacob Nottoli; Eva Yang

Title: GRACEFULNESS OF SPIDERS WITH LEG LENGTH AT MOST THREE WITH AN ADDITIONAL LEG OF ARBITRARY LENGTH

LetGbeagraphwithmedges.Agraceful labeling of Ginjectivelyassignsintegersfromtheset{0, 1,…, m}totheverti-ces of Gsothattheabsolutedifferencebetweeneachvertexincludeseverynumberintheset{1, 2, … , m}.WesaythatG is graceful if there exists a graceful labeling of G.Rosain1966firstlyproposedthefollowingconjecture:everytreeisgraceful.Thisconjecturewasonlyconfirmedforcertainclassesoftreesandisstillwideopen.Aspider is a tree that hasexactlyonevertexofdegreeatleastthree.Bahls,Lake,andWertheimin2010provedthateveryspiderwithitsleglengthsbeingintwoconsecutivesvaluesisgraceful.Inthiswork,weshowthateveryspiderwitheachleglengthbeingatmost3andonelegbeinganarbitrarylengthcanbegracefullylabeled.

Bahls,Lake,andWertheim[Gracefulnessoffamiliesofspiders,P.Bahl,S.Lake,andA.Wertheim,G,Involve,3(2010)241-247]introducedamethodofaddingalegofarbitrarylengthtoagracefullylabeledspiderssuchthatthecentralver-

texislabeledbyzero.Thepaperexplainsamethodtogracefullylabelspiderswithanoddnumberoflegsandthenusesthearbitrarylegmethodtoaddonanotherlegtogracefullylabelspiderswithanevennumberoflegswithconsecutiveleglengths.Theissuewiththearbitrarylegmethodisthatitrequiresthatthecentralvertextobepreviouslylabeledbyzero,andtheactualmethodwillchangethecentralvertextogofrom0to1to2andonward.Therefore,youcannotusethearbitraryleglengthmethodmorethanonce.Soinordertogracefullylabelspiderswithanevenamountoflegsoflengthatmost3withanadditionallegofarbitrarylength,wehadtofindanewapproach.

Wesolvethisissuefromtwoaspects.Onestrategyinvolvesattemptingtofindawaytogracefullylabelspiderswithanevennumberoflegsoflengthatmost3whilekeepingthecentralvertexlabeledzero.Thisisbeingexploredbythefirstauthor.Thesecondstrategyinvolvesbeingabletoaddanarbitrarylengthlegwhilethecentralvertexisnot0.Amethodhasbeenfoundandprovenforthis.

Keywords:gracefullabeling,spidertree,

∗Mathematics,IllinoisStateUniversity,Normal,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Presenter: Ian Samsami, Undergraduate

Group Members: Joie Green, Undergraduate; Brett Klepitch, Undergraduate


Authors: Joie Green; Brett Klepitch; Ian Samsami

Title: ON ANTIMAGIC LABELING OF LOBSTERS

AnantimagiclabelingofagraphGwithpedgesisafunctionf:E(G)→{1,…,p}suchthatdistinctedgesreceivedistinctnumbersandanytwovertexsumsaredistinct,whereavertexsumisthesumofthelabelsofalledgesincidenttothatvertex.Agraphisantimagicifithasanantimagiclabeling.In1990,HartsfieldandRingelconjecturedeveryconnectedgraphwithatleastthreeverticesisantimagic.Theconjecturewasconfirmedfortreeswithatmostonevertexofdegree2andotherclassesofgraphsincludingcaterpillarsandspiders.However,theconjectureisopenforlobsters,wherealobsterisatreewithacentralpathsuchthatallverticesarewithindistancetwofromthecentralpath.Westudytheantimagiclabelingoflobstersandshowthatthreeclassesoflobstersareantimagic.

Thefirstclassoflobstersthatwestudiedwasonewithanarbitraryamountofedgesalongthecentralpath,andlegsextendingfromeachinnervertexonthepath.Thelegsconsistofarms,whichareedgesconnectingthearbitrarynum-berofclawstothecentralpath.Thisisthebasictypeoflobster,withvariationsonuniformityofclaws,aswellasaddingarbitraryamountsofdegreetwoverticestothecentralpath(seeFigure1).

Thesecondclasswereviewallowedformverticesalongacentralpath,thenoffeachcentralpathvertexthereisatleastonelegandthenasmanymorelegsandleavesaspossible(SeeFigure2).Therearex+y+...+z=qstumps,wherex,y,...,z≥0.Additionally,therearea+b+...+c=nlegs,wherea,b,...,c≥1.

Thethirdclassoflobsterthatwestudyisapatterned-basedgraph(seeFigure3).Itsetsconstantsasfollows:

• Withaclearlydefinedcentralpath,thetwoendpointsofthatpathareverticesofdegree1

• Everypacketoflegsconsistsofexactlytwiceasmanyedgesastherearelegs,thatis;eachlegiscomprisedoftwoedges

• Everypacketoflegsisthesamefortheentirespanofthegraph,andeachareseparatedbybufferverticesofdegree2

Witheachofthesegraphs,wedefineaclassoflobstergraphsandworkthroughexamplesofeachclasstolearnmore.Ourresearchisnotlimitedtotheseclassesofgraphs,andwewillcontinuetoaddtoourreporttoreflectallthatwehave

learned.

Figure1:lobsterswitharmsandclaws

Figure2:arbitrarilylargelobsters

Thesecondclasswereviewallowedformverticesalongacentralpath,thenoffofeachcentralpathvertexthereisatleastonelegandthenasmanymorelegsandleavesaspossible(SeeFigure2).Therearex+y+...+z=qstumps,wherex,y,...,z≥0.Additionally,therearea+b+...+c=nlegs,wherea,b,...,c≥1.

Thethirdclassoflobsterthatwestudyisapatterned-basedgraph(seeFigure3).Itsetsconstantsasfollows:

•Withaclearlydefinedcentralpath,thetwoendpointsofthatpathareverticesofdegree1

•Everypacketoflegsconsistsofexactlytwiceasmanyedgesastherearelegs,thatis;eachlegis comprisedoftwoedges

•Everypacketoflegsisthesamefortheentirespanofthegraph,andeachareseparatedby verticesofdegree2

Witheachofthesegraphs,wedefineaclassoflobstergraphsandworkthroughexamplesofeachclasstolearnmore.

Ourresearchisnotlimitedtotheseclassesofgraphs,andwewillcontinuetoaddtoourreporttoreflectallthatwehave

learned.

2Figure3:Patternedlobsters

Philosophy

Presenter: Megan Kalafut, Undergraduate

Mentor: David Sanson

Title: THE PRINCIPLE OF THE IDENTITY OF INDISCERNIBLES

TheIdentityofIndiscerniblesistheprinciplethatstates,roughly,thatiftwothingshaveallpropertiesincommon,thentheyarethesamething.Itisanattractiveprinciplebecauseitgivesusacriterionforidentityandassuchacriterionforcounting.But,in“TheIdentityofIndiscernibles,”MaxBlackarguestheprincipleisfalsebecausetherecouldbetwodistinctbutindiscerniblespheres.Inthisposter,Iexplorethepointanddeclaremethodofdiscerning,theimplicationsofacceptingtheprincipleoftheIdentityofIndiscerniblesisfalse,andtheimplicationsofacceptingthepointanddeclaremethodtosupporttheIdentityofIndiscernibles

Physics

Presenter: Nathan Bennett, Undergraduate

Mentor: Justin Bergfield

Authors: Nathan Bennett; Justin Bergfield

Title: QUANTUM INTERFERENCE ENHANCEMENT OF THE SPIN-THERMOPOWER

Heatcanbedirectlyconvertedintoelectricityviathethermoelectriceffectinadevicewhichhasnomovingpartsandnooperationalcarbonfootprint.Moreefficientthermoelectricmaterialsarehighlysoughtafterasenergyharvestingmaterialsandaswaytounderstandhowchargeandheatinteractwithoneanother.Inadditiontocharge,electronscarryapurelyquantumpropertyknownasspin.Undertheinfluenceofanappliedtemperaturedifference,certain“spintronic”materialsgeneratespin-dependentpotentialsusefulforahostofapplications.Theinterplaybetweenspinandheatisdescribedbythespinthermopower,aquantitywecalculateandanalyzeforafewinterestingsystems.

Presenter: Cal Forsman, Undergraduate

Mentor: Matt Caplan

Title: THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS IN NUCLEAR PASTA

Allstarsmaintainanequilibriumbetweenthepressureintheircoresandgravitycompressingthem.Whenmassivestarsexhausttheirfuelnuclearfusioninthecoreceasesandcannolongersupportthecoreagainstgravitationalcompression.Acore-collapsesupernovaoccurs,andthecollapsedcoreremainsasaneutronstar.Neutronstarsaresignificantlymorecompactandthusmuchdenser.Atthesehighdensitiesprotonsandneutronsrearrangeintostructuresknownas‘nucle-arpasta’whicharetheorizedtogenerategravitationalwavesonrotatingneutronstars.Westudythermalfluctuationsinnuclearpastaatfinitetemperaturesusingmoleculardynamicssimulations.Werenderthesesimulationsin3DusingParaviewtostudytheevolutionofnuclearpastawithincreasingtemperature.Weresolveameltingtransitionabovewhichthestructurebreaksdown.Athightemperaturesbelowthemeltingtransitionvariousdefectssuchasholesandfilamentsspontaneouslyformanddissolve,andweobservehighsurfaceroughness.Atlowtemperaturesdefectsexistbutareinfrequentandshortlived.WecharacterizethesurfaceofthepastastructureswiththeMinkowskifunctionalsandfindpowerlawdeviationsinsurfacecurvaturewhichmayimpactobservablepropertiesofneutronstars.

Presenter: Ian Freeman, Undergraduate

Mentor: Matt Caplan

Authors: Ian Freeman; Brighton Coe

Title: MODELING NUCLEI FOR SIMULATED NUCLEAR COLLISIONS

Traditionalmethodsofsimulatingnuclearfragmentationsrequireconsiderableofcomputationalresources.Tocombatthis,wehaveutilizedanewclassicalnuclearmodeltobothreducecomputationalloadandmaintainahighlevelofaccu-racy.Thismodeltreatsbothprotonsandneutronsaspointparticlesthatonlyinteractintwoparticleinteractions.Wehavevalidatedthemodelforselectlightnuclei,comparingnuclearbindingenergiesweobtainedfromsimulationsandanalyticalcalculationstoexperimentalvalues.Wemodelheavynucleiwithabodycenteredcubiclattice,andautomati-callygeneratestableconfigurationsofverylargenucleitosimulatecollisions.

Presenter: Daniel Mueller, Undergraduate

Mentor: Justin Bergfield

Authors: Daniel Mueller; Justin Bergfield

Title: THERMOELECTRIC MICROSCOPE THEORY

Scanningtunnelingmicroscopes(STMs)imagethenanoworldbymeasuringthecurrentflowingthroughasample.Inresponsetoanappliedtemperaturedifference,currentflowsuntilavoltageisbuiltuptoopposetheflow.Theratioofthevoltagetothetemperaturedifferenceisameasurablequantityknownasthethermopower.Althoughthermoelectricdevicesareimportantforavarietyofheatingandcoolingapplications,weproposethatthethermopowerisalsoofinter-estasamicroscopicobservablebecauseitisaprobeofthesecondmomentofthetransport.Inthiswork,wederivethetheorynecessarytodescribethisnewmicroscopictechnique.Wealsosimulateseveralimagesproducedbyascanningthermopowerprobe(SThM)anddiscusstheimplicationsofthetechnique.

Presenter: Alex Plumadore, Undergraduate

Mentor: Allison Harris

Authors: Alex Plumadore; Allison Harris

Title: TWISTED IDENTITIES

Humanityhasbeenstrivingtounderstandtheuniverseforthousandsofyears.Today,thisunderstandinghastakenaleapforwardasanewadvancementcalledelectronvortexbeamsarebeingusedtoprobedeeperintotheunknown.Thesenewbeamshaveauniquetwistingthatleadstopotentialapplicationsincommunications,microscopy,astronomy,andidentificationofatomicstructures.Inordertoaccesstheseapplications,afundamentalunderstandingofthesetwistedbeams,andtheirinteractionswithmatter,isrequired.Togaindeeperinsightintotwistedbeaminteractionswithmatter,wecalculateionizationcrosssectionsforelectronvortexbeamcollisionswithhydrogen.Thesecrosssectionsshowsigna-turesofthetargetstructureandprovidemoreinformationthannonvortexcollisions.

Politics and Government

Presenter: Jacky Luu, Undergraduate

Mentor: Michaelene Cox

Co-mentor: Nargiza Yusupova

Title: SECURITY OF FREEDOM FOR THE PEOPLE OF HONG KONG

ThistopicwillexplorehowtheHongKongpeoplearetryingtofightfortheirsovereigntyfromChina.HongKongwasaBritishcolonyfor156yearsandwasgivenbacktoChina.HongKongwasonlyapartofChinaforabout23years.TheChineseCommunityParty(CCP)andHongKongexistedsidebysideformanyyearsundertwodifferentgovernments.AfterHongKong’stransition,theCCPreferstothearrangementas“onestate,twosystems.”ButtheCCPhasahistoryofmakingitslandhomogenouswhichcanbeseeninareassuchTibetandXianjing.Myresearchquestionis:HowcanweassessthevalueHongKongpeopleplaceontheirindependenceandsovereigntyfromtheCCP?RecentHongKongprotestsareoneofthemostrecordedandphotographedprotestsinmodernmedia.Thisart-basedresearchprojectwillshowthechronologyandescalationoftheunrest.Thepresentationwillhavevisualsdrawnfromnewsmediasourcesand/orimagedatabasesthatcoverthestrugglesoftheHongKongpeople’sfightagainstpoliceandtheCCP,whichwillgiveinsightonhowmuchthepeoplearewillingtostrugglefortheirsovereignty.

Presenter: Michael McCarthy, Graduate

Mentor: Noha Shawki

Title: UNMASKING DISPOSSESSION: PHILANTHROCAPITALISM, THE GLOBAL JUSTICE DEBATE, AND STATIST COSMOPOLITAN AGENCY

Thehistoricalemergenceofphilanthrocapitalism,thedevelopmentofmarketrelationsthroughphilanthropicgiving,asatheoryandpraxisofattainingglobaljusticeiscalledintoquestionbytherelationshipthatphilanthrocapitalistshavewithstateactorsandinternationalgovernanceorganizationsthatfacilitateregulatorycaptureandincreasedeconomicinequality.ThispaperisanattempttorevisethephilosophicalunderpinningsofthephilanthrocapitalistmovementbyapplyingLeaYpi’sstatistcosmopolitanmodelofpoliticalagencytotheinstitutionsthatfosterphilanthrocapitalistinstitu-tions.

Psychology

Presenter: Ashley Adams, Graduate

Group Members: Victoria Powers, Jake Solka

Authors: Ashley R. Adams, Victoria Powers, Yessenia Chavez, Jake Solka, Laura J. Finan, and Christine M. Ohannessian

Mentor: Laura Finan

Title: LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SCHOOL CONNECTEDNESS AND ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS DURING ADOLESCENCE

Giventhatadolescentsspendmajorityoftheirlivesinschool,nearlysevenhourseveryday,itiscrucialtoinvestigatehowtheirrelationshipwiththeirschoolimpactsdevelopmentaloutcomes.Keyfeaturesofschoolconnectedness,suchassupportandacceptancefromthecommunity,serveasprotectivefactorsagainstdevelopmentofdepressionandanxi-etysymptomsduringadolescence(Watersetal.,2009;Joyce&Early,2014).Further,longitudinalresearchsuggeststhatschoolconnectednessisnegativelycorrelatedwithbehavioralproblemsandpsychopathologyduringtheadolescentpe-riod(Lesteretal.,2013;Loukasetal.,2009).Althoughtheserelationshipshavebeenestablished,extantresearchhasyettoinvestigatepotentialdevelopmentalpathwaysamongtheseconstructs.Therefore,thecurrentstudysoughttoexam-inedepressiveandanxietysymptomsasmediatorsoftherelationshipbetweenschoolconnectednessandlaterproblembehavior.DataweredrawnfromthePredictorsofAnxietyandDepressionDuringAdolescence(PANDA)Project(Ohan-nessian&Vannucci,2018),whichsurveyedadolescentsfromfiveNortheasternStatemiddleschoolsinfall2016(T1;Mage=12.75;SD=.71;51%female),spring2017(T2),andfall2017(T3).Adolescentsreportedondepressiveandsocialanxietysymptoms,feelingofschoolconnectedness,andproblembehaviors.TheCenterforEpidemiologicalStudiesDe-pressionScaleforChildren(Weissmanetal.,1980)wasusedtomeasureadolescentdepressivesymptoms(αT1=.91);theScreenforChildAnxietyRelatedEmotionalDisorders(Birmaheretal.,1999)wasusedtoassesssocialanxiety(αT1=.87);andaschoolconnectednessscalemeasuredschoolconnectedness(αT1=.71).Adolescentalsoreportedonthefrequencyinwhichtheyengagedinavarietyofriskbehaviors(e.g.,startphysicalfights;αT1=.95)(AmericanPsychiatricAssociation,2013).Structuralequationmodelingwasusedtoexaminewhetherdepressiveandanxietysymptoms(T2)mediatedtherelationshipbetweenschoolconnectedness(T1)andlaterproblembehavior(T3).Age,gender,andprevioustimepointsofallendogenousvariableswerecontrolled(Figure1).Modelresultsindicatedthatschoolconnectednessnegativelypredictedlaterdepressiveandanxietysymptoms.However,onlydepressivesymptomsinturnpositivelypredictedlaterproblembehavior.Thedirecteffectofschoolconnectednesstoproblembehavior1.5yearslaterremainedsignificantafteraccountingforthemediatedpathways,suggestingthatdepressivesymptomspartiallymediatedthiseffect.Thesefindingshighlightadevelopmentalpathwayfromschoolconnectednesstolaterproblembehaviorthroughadolescents’depressivesymptoms.Findingsmayaidschoolsinidentifyingat-riskyouthfordevelopinglateremotionalandbehavioralproblemsandpointtotheimportanceofpromotingschoolconnectednessamongyoungadolescents.

Presenter: Ashley Adams, Graduate

Group Members: Sara Kurbyun

Mentor: Laura Finan

Title: PARENTAL PROBLEM DRINKING AND ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE USE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS

Familiesarecomplexsystemswitheachmemberinfluencingallothers(Cox&Paley,1997).Familyfactorslikeparentalproblemdrinkinghavebeenconsistentlyshowntopredictarangeofadverseadolescentadjustmentoutcomes,includingalcoholandothersubstanceuse(Caspietal.,2018;Park&Schepp,2014).However,otherfamilyfactors,suchassiblingrelationships,mayserveasprotectiveoradditiveriskfactorsininfluencingadolescentbehavior.Limitedextantresearchhasinvestigatedtheroleofsiblingrelationshipcharacteristicsinthecontextofparentalproblemdrinking(Rueteretal.,2015).Therefore,thecurrentstudyexaminedifhostilityandwarmthinsiblingrelationshipsservedasriskorprotectivefactorsintherelationshipbetweenmaternalandpaternalproblemdrinkingandadolescents’alcoholanddruguse.

DataweredrawnfromtheAdolescentAdjustmentProject(Ohannessian,2009),whichsurveyedadolescentsfromsevenMid-AtlanticStatepublichighschoolsinSpring2007(Mage=16.08;SD=.69;55%female).Onlyadolescentswhoreport-edhavingasinglesiblingwereincluded(N=373).Adolescentswereaskedhowofteninthelast6monthsthey(a)usedmarijuana,sedatives,stimulants,inhalants,hallucinogens,cocaineorcrack,andopiates(drugusefrequency)and(b)howmuchandhowoftentheydrankbeer,wine,andliquor(alcoholusequantityandfrequency).TheShortMichiganAlcoholismScreeningTest(Crews&Sher,1992)measuredadolescents’perceptionsoftheirmother’sandfather’salcoholuseproblems.Scaleitemsweresummedsuchthatgreaterscoresrepresentedgreatermaternal(MPD;α=.60)andpater-nal(PPD;α=.84)problemdrinking.Finally,theSiblingRelationshipQuestionnaire(Slomkowskietal.,2001)wasusedtoassessadolescents’perceptionsofwarmth(α=.89)andhostility(α=.87)withtheirsibling.

Regressionanalyseswereusedexamineassociationsbetweensiblingrelationshipcharacteristics,parentalproblemdrinking,andadolescents’substanceuse.SeparatemodelswereconductedforMPDandPPD,andstructuralelementsofsiblingrelationshipswerecontrolled(Table1).OnlyPPDwaspositivelyassociatedwithadolescents’alcoholuse(Model-2).However,siblinghostilityandMPD(Model-3)andsiblinghostilityandPPD(Model-4)werepositivelyassociatedwithdruguse.Further,siblinghostilityandPPDinteractedtopredictdruguse(B=.14,p<.05).ProbingthisinteractionwithsimpleslopeanalysesindicatedthatadolescentsinfamilieswithhighPPDandhighsiblinghostilityreportedthegreatestdruguse.Resultsmayhelpidentifyyouththatareatthegreatestriskforengaginginhealthriskbehaviorsandcansupportsubstanceusetreatmenteffortsforadolescentsbyaddressingfamilyfunctioningandrelationships.

Presenter: Merissa Berens, Undergraduate

Group Member: Keeley Hynes

Mentor: Daniel Lannin

Co-mentor: Luke Russell

Authors: Keeley Hynes, Merissa Berens, Jeremy Kanter, Daniel Lannin, Luke Russell

Title: LONELINESS: EXPLAINING THE LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA RUMINATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS

Thepresentstudyfoundthatamongat-riskyouthinarelationshipeducationprogram,therelationshipbetweensocialmediaruminationandpsychologicaldistressismediatedbyloneliness.Thissuggeststhatmoresocialmediaruminationaffectspsychologicaldistressbecauseofitslinktoloneliness.Implicationsforeducationalinterventionsforat-riskyouthwillbediscussed.

Presenter: Rebecca Bove, Graduate

Group Members: Jazmin Lozada, Taiz Garcia, Michaela Pierson, Abbey Warwick, Jessica Rothman, Lucy Okrasinski

Mentor: Alycia Hund

Authors: Rebecca Bove, Jazmin Lozada, Taiz Garcia, Michaela Pierson, Abbey Warwick, Jessica Rothman, Lucy Okrasinski, Jackie Diaz, Caroline Signa

Title: THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARDINAL, ORDINAL, AND SPATIAL LANGUAGE IN YOUNG CHILDREN

Languageisanimportantaspectofchilddevelopment.Whenitcomestonumbers,childrenfirstlearnlistsofnumbersthengivethosewordsmeaning(Slusser,Ditta,&Sarnecka,2013).Themorenumberschildrenknow,thegreatertheircomprehensionofordinalorders(Brannon&VandeWalle,2001).Whenachildismorefamiliarwithordinallabels,ithelpswithproblemsolvingskills(Miller,Marcovitch,Boseovski,&Lewowicz,2015).Asforspatiallanguage,itimprovesfrom3-to5-years(Hund,Bianchi,Winner,&Hesson-Mcinnis,2017).Ourobjectivewastospecifythedevelopmentaltrajectoryofcardinal,ordinal,andspatiallanguagecomprehensionandproductionfor3-to5-yearoldchildren.ChildrenwererandomlyassignedtoeithertheTellMeorGiveMecondition,andallthechildrenineitherconditioncompletedcardinal,spatial,andordinaltrials.Thecardinalordercanbedefinedasanumeric,suchasoneorthree.Thespatialor-dercanbedefinedasthelocationofapersonorobject,suchasfront,middle,orback.Theordinalordercanbedefinedassequentialnumerical,suchasfirstorthird.IntheTellMecondition,thechildrenwereaskedtotelltheresearcherwherearandomlyassignedlabelledcarwaslocated(testinglanguageproduction);whereas,intheGiveMecondition,thechildrenwereaskedtoputalabelledcar(s)inthegarage(testinglanguagecomprehension).Todate,33childrenhaveparticipated.Aspredicted,preliminaryanalysesrevealedthatthereweresignificantimprovementsacrossdevelopmentincardinal,ordinal,andspatiallanguage.Inaddition,theGiveMegroupperformedhigherthantheTellMegroupfor4-year-olds,suggestingcomprehensionmaybeeasierthanproduction.Childrenweremoresuccessfulwithcardinallabelsthanwithordinallabels,withspatiallabelsbeingintermediate.Oncecompleted,theresultsofthisstudymaybehelpfulinacademicandhomesettings,perhapstoincreaseexposuretocomplexlanguagetofacilitatedevelopmentalsuccess.

Presenter: Shaunta Caffey, Undergraduate

Mentor: Julie Campbell

Authors: Shaunta Caffey, Bailey Schejbel, Emily Marcinowski

Title: MOTHERS’ HAND PREFERENCE DURING DYADIC PLAY EXPERIENCE WITH INFANTS

Researchshowsaninfant’shandpreferenceisrelatedtothemother’shandedness(Michel,&Harkins1988).Duringsim-pleunimanualactions,MichelandHarkins(1988)foundthatmotherswhohadastrongleft-handpreferencehadinfantswhohadmoreleft-handuseduringreachingandunimanualactionsthaninfantswhohadtworight-handedparentsoraninfantwhohadaleft-handedfather.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoexaminetherelationbetweenmotherandinfanthandpreferenceduringcomplexplayexperience,extendingbeyondsimpleunimanualactions.Handpreferencewasobservedforthirty-onemotherinfantdyadsduringplayexperiences,acrossaone-yearperiod.Whilevideo-recorded,motherswereaskedtoplaywiththeirinfantsforfiveminutesusingastandardsetoftoys.Mothers’handactionswerecodedasright,leftorboth,foreachactiondependingonwhichhandwasusedinaninteractionwiththefourobjects.Actionswerecodedifmothersengagedinthefollowing:objectplay,(motherinteractedwiththeinfantusinganobject),construction/deconstruction(motherconnectedorseparatedthechainlinktoy),nonconstruction(motherutilizedanobjectasatool).Thenumberofactionsperformedwitheachhandwerethenputintotheequation(R-L)/√(R+L)inordertocreateaz-scoreofcontinuoushandpreference.Infants’handpreferencewasrecordedduringaplaysituationinwhichtheinfantwaspresentedwithseveraldifferenttoysthatcouldbeconstructedorcombined.Resultsshowedthatacrossallplaytypesandvisitsmotherspreferredtousetheirrighthandtwiceasoftenastheyusedtheirlefthandandfourtimesmorethantheyusedhandsbimanually.Moremothersarerighthanddominantduringplay,whichmayresultin

asymmetricalplayexperienceforinfantswithaburgeoninghandpreference.APearsonCorrelationshowednosignif-icantrelationbetweenmotherandinfanthandedness(p=.08).Ourresultsdonotagreewithpreviousresearch;thisdisagreementmaybeduetoaninsufficientassessmentofmotherhandedness,whichdoesnotrequiretheuseofthedominanthand,whiletheinfantassessmentwasdifficultandrequiredtheskillofadominanthand.

Presenter: Heather Calkins, Graduate

Mentor: Gregory Braswell

Title: PARENT AND TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF SEL IN THE SCHOOLS

Thisthesispresentsaresearchprojectthatexaminedthedifferencesbetweenparentandteacherperceptionsofso-cial-emotionallearning(SEL)intheschools.Thisprojectalsoexaminedhowparentsandteachersranksocial-emotionalgoalswithrespecttoacademicgoalsfortheirchildren.ResultsindicatethatteachersratetheimportanceofSELmorehighlycomparedtoparents;however,therewasnodifferenceinhowparentsandteachersrankedtheitemsoverall.QualitativeanalysesrevealeddifferencesinthereasoningforparentandteachersupportforSELintheschoolsaswellasconcernsfortheinclusionofSEL.Futureresearchshouldfurtherinvestigatethesedifferencesbetweenparentandteach-erperceptionsofSEL,asthiscouldinfluencehowSELispresentedtostakeholdersandhowitisimplemented.

Presenter: Yonca Cam, Graduate

Group Member: MaKayla Smullin

Mentor: Scott Jordan

Authors: Yonca Cam, MaKayla Smullin, Scott Jordan

Title: LEARNING CONTINUOUS ACTION-EFFECT CONTINGENCIES THROUGH OBSERVATION

Theeffectsofourmovementsbecomeassociatedwiththemotorcommandsthatgeneratethosemovements(Hommeletal.,2001),andlaterexposureto(i.e.,perceptionof)thoseeffects(e.g.,beingapassengerinacar)primesustomakethosesametypesofmovements.Todate,theseexperimentshaveuseddiscretestimulianddiscreteresponses.Thepresentexperimentinvestigatedwhetherornotresponse-effectpairingscouldbeacquiredduringacontinuouscon-troltask,andwhetheronecanlearnsuchpairings,simplybyobservinganotherpersondothecontroltask.OneoftheparticipantsusedtheAandLkeyonakeyboardtokeepacirclestimulusinsidearectangleforthreeminutes,whiletheotherparticipant(i.e.,Observers)observedthem.Eachkeypressproducedaclearlydiscernibletoneaslongasthekeywaspressed.Halfoftheobserverssatnexttothecontrollerandwereabletoobservethekey-presses(i.e.,actions)anddotmovements(i.e.effects)thecontrollermade—FullObservers.Theotherhalfhadtheirviewofthecontroller’shandobstructed,intheattempttodenythemaccesstothecontroller’sactions—PartialObservers.Allparticipantscompletedstimulus-compatibilityreaction-timetaskstotestwhetherdotmovementsortonesprimedtheiractions,bothbeforeandafterthecontrolphase.ReactiontimesforTarget-Primepairingsthatwerecongruentwiththoseinthecontroltaskweresubtractedfromthosethatwereincongruent.TheseprimingscoresunderwentaSession(i.e.,preandpost—with-in)byPrimeType(i.e.,dotmotionortones—within)byCondition(i.e.,Controllers,FullObservers,andPartialObserv-ers—between)mixedfactorsANOVA,whichrevealedamarginallysignificantSessionXConditioninteractioninwhichprimingscoresbecamelargerforControllersacrosssessionswhiletheoppositeoccurredforbothtypesofObservers.ContrarytoJordanandHunsinger(2008),thefindingthatFullObserversperformedmorelikePartialObserversthanControllerschallengestheideathatonecanlearntheactioneffectcontingenciesproducedbyanother,simplythroughobservation.ReferencesHommel,B.,Müsseler,J.,Aschersleben,G.,&Prinz,W.(2001).Thetheoryofeventcoding(TEC):Aframeworkforperceptionandactionplanning.Behavioralandbrainsciences,24(5),849-878.Jordan,J.S.,&Hunsing-er,M.(2008).Learnedpatternsofaction-effectanticipationcontributetothespatialdisplacementofcontinuouslymov-ingstimuli.JournalofExperimentalPsychology:HumanPerceptionandPerformance,34(1),113.

Presenter: Samantha Croney, Graduate

Group Member: Riley Cronin

Mentor: Alycia Hund

Authors: Samantha Croney, Riley Cronin, Alycia Hund

Title: TEMPERAMENT AND AGGRESSION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Temperamenthasbeenassociatedwithaggressivebehaviors(Rothbart,Ahadi,&Evans,2000);however,thenatureofthisrelationshipwouldbenefitfrommorespecificity.Thisprojectfocusedonthetemperamentdimensionsofshynessandinhibitorycontrol.Shynessismarkedbyslow,avoidant,orinhibitedapproachestonovelsocialsituationsoruncer-tainty,whereasinhibitorycontrolistheabilityto“suppressinappropriateapproachresponsesunderinstructionsorinnoveloruncertainsituations”(Rothbard,Ahadi,&Hershey,1994,p.29).Wetestedtwotypesofaggressionevidentinearlychildhood.Proactiveaggressionischaracterizedbyexpectingpositiveoutcomesfromaggressionandinvolvesmanyaspectsofsocialinteraction,whereasreactiveaggressionismoreautomaticandlessverbal.Wefocusedonage4yearswhenchildrenarebeginningtoprepareforthetransitiontokindergarten,whichcouldpresentchallengesforchildrenwhoareshyorwhohavelowinhibitorycontrol,especiallyiftheseaspectsarelinkedtoaggression.Wepredictedthatinhibitorycontrolwouldbenegativelycorrelatedwithaggression,whereasshynessmightbepositivelycorrelatedwithaggression.Todate,72parentsof4-year-oldchildrenreportedtheirchild’stemperamentusingtheShortVersionoftheChildren’sBehaviorQuestionnaireShynessandInhibitoryControlsubscales(Rothbart,Ahadi,Hershey,&Fisher,2001).Additionally,parentscompletedtheProactiveReactiveAggressionQuestionnaire(Dodge&Coie,1987).Participantswererecruitedfromareapreschoolsandorganizationsservingchildrenandfamilies.Aspredicted,Pearsoncorrelationsindicatedthattherewasasignificantnegativecorrelationbetweeninhibitorycontrolandproactiveaggression,r(70)=-.47,p<.001.Similarly,therewasasignificantnegativecorrelationbetweeninhibitorycontrolandreactiveaggression,r(70)=-.49,p <.001.Thesefindingssuggestthatlowerinhibitorycontrolisrelatedtohigherproactiveandreactiveaggression.Therewasnotasignificantcorrelationbetweenshynessandproactiveaggression, r(70)=-.01, p=.963,orbetweenshynessandreactiveaggression,r(70)=-.01,p=.914.Differencesintemperamentaffecthowchildrenregulatetheirmoodandbehavior.Thisstudyprovidesfurtherevidencethatlowinhibitorycontrolisassociatedwithhigherlevelsofbothproactiveandreactiveaggression.Incontrast,nosignificantassociationswereevidentforshynessandaggres-sion.Thesefindingshelpclarifythenatureofrelationsbetweentemperamentandaggressioninearlychildhood.

Presenter: Megan Donnelly, Graduate

Mentor: Steven Landau

Co-mentor: Daniel Lannin

Authors: Megan Donnelly, Daniel Lannin, Jeremy Kanter, Steven Landau

Title: THE DEMEANING SOCIOCOGNITIVE ATTITUDES OF BULLIES

Currentdivisivepoliticaldiscourseevokesconcern,ashostileandbullyingexchangesatschoolhaverecently(anddra-matically)increased.Whilebullyinghasbeenwidelystudied,lessisknownaboutsociocognitivefunctioningofbullies,especiallyconcerningdifferenttypesofbullies.Toinformscreeningandinterventionefforts,thisstudywillexamineso-ciocognitivedifferencesinhigh-school-agedbulliesversusbully-victimsregardingtheirmoraldisengagement,normativebeliefsaboutaggression,andsocialdominanceorientation.

Presenter: Hailie Halverson, Undergraduate

Group Member: Kailey Greene



Authors: Hailie Halverson, Kailey Greene, Daniel Lannin, Jeremy Kanter, Luke Russell, Ani Yazedjian

Title: DO INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION ENCOURAGE DIFFERENT FACETS OF HOPE?

Thepresentstudyexaminedtheassociationamongintrinsicandextrinsiclifegoalsanddifferentaspectsofhope.Resultsindicatedthatthetypeofmotivationthatadolescentsareorientedtowardinfluencesthetypeofhopetheyexperience.Bolsteringintrinsicmotivationmaybeanimportantconsiderationforpractitionerswhoworkwithyouth.

Presenter: Kate Hart, Graduate

Mentor: Suejung Han

Co-mentor: Scott Jordan

Author: Marjorie Kate Hart

Title: WHAT’S ON YOUR MIND? APPLYING A NEUROCOGNITIVE MODEL OF EMOTION REGULATION TO ATTACHMENT

Attachmenttheoryhasoftenbeenstudiedasatrait-likevariablewhichhasreliablypredictedoutcomesinnumerousdo-mains.Theunderlyingmechanismtoattachmentisitsroleinaffectregulation,andtheoriesaboutthesystemsinvolvedoutlinetwoseparateprocessesdependingonattachmentsecurity:primaryattachmentstrategiesandsecondaryattach-mentstrategies.Thispaperfocusesonthesecondaryattachmentstrategies,outliningthebehavioralandneurocognitiveevidenceinsupportofMikulincer,Pereg,andShaver’s(2003)modelsofhyperactivationanddeactivationaffectregula-tionsystems.Attachmentanxiety’shyperactivationsystemiswell-supportedinbothbehavioralandneuraldomains,buttheattachmentavoidancedeactivationsystemisonlyconsistentlysupportedinbehavioraldomains.Asanimportantstepforwardinunderstandingtheaffectregulationsysteminhumans,thispaperattemptstofitthemodelofattach-mentaffectregulationintoanemotionregulationmodelproposedbyEtkin,Büchel,&Gross(2015).Itisconcludedthatbecauseattachmentsystemsarealreadyunderstoodasinternalworkingmodels,andbecauseEtkin,Büchel,&Gross’(2015)modeldelineatesasystemthatreliesoninternalworkingmodels,attachmentandgeneralemotionregulationresearchcanbesuccessfullyintegrated.Additionally,studiesacrossthedomainsofattachmentandemotionregulationshowrelativelyconsistentneuralpatternsofaffectregulation,withthesecondaryattachmentstrategiescoincidingwithworryandsuppressionstrategiesoutlinedingeneralemotionregulationresearch.TheadaptationofEtkin,Büchel&Gross’(2015)modelinattachmentresearchwillallowformeaningfuldifferentiationsbetweenattachmentaffectregu-lationsystems,however,moreresearchconnectingtheattachmentaffectregulationandemotionregulationsubfieldsisnecessarytounderstandthecognitivesystemsbehindemotionregulation.

Presenter: Paige Hemming, Undergraduate

Group Member: Dante Caruso

Mentor: Adena Myers

Authors: Paige Hemming, Dante Caruso, Adena Myers

Title: STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN A HYBRID UNDERGRADUATE STATISTICS COURSE

Thisprojectexaminestheapplicationandevaluationofavarietyofinstructionaltechnologiesinteachingahybridver-sionofanintermediateundergraduatestatisticsclass.Specifically,weexaminewhathappenedwhenactivitiesformerlydeliveredinperson(suchaslectures)orcompletedinanalogpaper-and-pencilformat(suchashomework)weremovedtoonlineplatforms,andwediscussstrategiesforfosteringengagement,scaffoldingskilldevelopment,andassessinglearningthroughacombinationofin-personandonlineefforts.

Weusetwomeasuresofstudentengagementtoevaluateourinstructionalmethods.Thefirstisameasureofstudents’useofonlineresources(suchasvisitingoursite,checkingthegradebook,andwatchingvideolessons)developedbytheinstructorspecificallyforthisclass.Thesecondisanindexofengagementprovidedbytheonlinetextbookpublisher.Itisbasedonthetimespentreadingthetextbookaswellasactivitiesperformedwhilereadingsuchashighlightingandsearchingwithinthetext.EffortstoincreaseengagementwereimplementedinSpring2020withtheexpectationforimprovementsfromfalltothecurrentspringsemester.

Analysesof58studentsfromthecurrentandprevioussemestersindicatethatengagementwithouronlinesitewasasignificantpredictorofperformanceoncourseassignmentsandassessments,ratherthanspendingtimeontheonlinetextbook.Forexample,analysesshowedthatthevisitstotheReggieNetsitewassignificantlycorrelatedwiththetotalamountofhomeworkpointsearnedthroughmid-semester,r(58)=.29,p=.03andthescoresonAssessmentII,r(58)=.40,p=.00.Excitingly,studentsfromthecurrentsemestershowcasedsignificantlyhigherscoresontotalhomeworkpointsthanthosefromtheFall2019course,t(58)=-2.55,p=.01.Althoughassessmentscoreswerenotstatisticallydifferentbetweensemesters,thereweretrendsintheexpecteddirectionwithSpring2020scoresbeinghigherthanFall2019scores.

Presenter: Alexandra Horton, Graduate

Group Member: Tyler Pederson


Authors: Alexandra Horton, Tyler Pederson, Daniel Lannin, Luke Russell, Ani Yazedjian, Jeremy Kanter

Title: DOES DISCRIMINATION EVOKE AN ORIENTATION TOWARD MATERIALISTIC VALUES

Thepresentstudyexploredtherelationshipbetweenrace,discrimination,andamaterialisticvaluesorientation(MVO).MVOcorrespondstoanorientationwhereinanindividualprioritizesaclusterofgoalscenteredaroundconsumerismthatincludeachievingfinancialsuccess,cultivatinganattractiveappearance,andhavingahighsocialstatus(Kasser,Ryan,Couchman&Sheldon,2004).OnepathwaybywhichMVOdevelopsisasacompensatoryresponsetofeelingsofinsecurity;thatiswhenindividualsfeelthreatenedtheyaremorelikelytocompensateforthisdistressbypursuinggoalsrelatedtoMVO,asopposedtopursuinggoalsthatmeetdeeperpsychologicalneedsofaffiliation,autonomy,and.competence(Kasser,2016).Givenperceiveddiscriminationisinherentlythreateningforminoritizedpopulations(Seaton,Caldwell,&Sellers,2010),itstandstoreasonthatgreaterratesofdiscriminationmaybeonemeansbywhichminori-tizedpopulationsareurgedtowardgreaterMVO.Therefore,thepresentstudypredicteddiscriminationwouldmediatetherelationshipsbetweenracialminoritystatusandMVO.

Presenter: Keeley Hynes, Graduate



Authors: Keeley Hynes, Daniel Lannin, Jeremy Kanter, Leandra Paris, Luke Russell, Ani Yazedjian

Title: SOCIAL MEDIA RUMINATION: THE IMPACT OF MATERIALISTIC VALUE ORIENTATION

Previousresearchdemonstratesthatruminatingonsocialmediacontentisassociatedwithgreatermentaldistress.How-ever,itisunclearwhatfactorsareassociatedwithrumination.UsingSelf-DeterminationTheory,thisstudyexaminedhoworientationtowardintrinsicandextrinsiclife-goalsdifferentiallypredictedsocialmediaruminationinasampleofraciallyandsocioeconomicallydiversehighschoolstudentsattwotimepoints.

Presenter: Keeley Hynes, Graduate

Mentor: Luke Russell

Co-mentor: Daniel Lannin

Authors: Keeley Hynes, Luke Russell, Leandra Paris, Jeremy Kanter, Daniel Lannin, Ani Yazedjian

Title: STRATEGIES FOR AT-RISK YOUTH ACHIEVING AND AVOIDING DISTAL GOALS

Background

Long-termplanningmaybebeneficialforvulnerableyouth,asgoal-settingintherapyhasbeenshowntobeeffectiveinhelpingpreventpsychologicaldistressandimproveretentionintherapy(Cairns.,Kavanagh,Dark,&McPhail,2019).Inadolescence,theprefrontalcortexisnotfullydeveloped,andadolescents’decision-makingcapabilitiesaremoresus-ceptibletostressthanadults(Tottenham,&Galván,2016).Thisfindingmaybeparticularlyimportantforlowincomeyouthwhomayexperiencemorestressfullifeeventsthanadolescentsfromhigherincomehomes(Reynolds,O’Koon,Papademetriou,Szczygiel,&Grant,2001).Therefore,inanefforttobetterinforminterventionservicesandsupports,thecurrentstudysoughttoevaluatethelong-termgoalsofat-riskyouthandthecurrentstrategiestheyareengagingintoachievethosegoals.

Methods

Datawerecollectedfrom187highschoolstudentsfrompredominantlylow-incomehouseholdsinChampaignCountyparticipatinginaschool-basedrelationshipeducationandjobreadinesstrainingprogram.Studentsreportedtheirgoalsforthenextyearandthecurrentstrategiestheywereutilizingtoachievethembycompletingthe“possibleselvestask”.Goalswerecategorizedusingcodesdevelopedbytheoriginalauthorsofthe“possibleselvestask”(Oyserman,2004).Subsequently,followingguidelinesfromCorbinandStrauss(2015),aninductiveconstantcomparativemethodwasusedtocategorizeadolescents’strategies.

Preliminary Results

Goalswerecategorizedasrelatingtoachievement,personalitytraits,health,andlifestyle.Strategiestoreachthesegoalswerecategorizedasrelatingtoself-improvement,workandfinance,school,stayingoutoftrouble,andrelationships.Goalsandstrategiesreportedbystudentsdemonstratedthediversityofexperiencesat-riskyouthhaveintheirschools,families,andneighborhoods.Forexample,manystudentsreportedgoalsrelatedtoimprovingtheirschoolperformancethroughstudyingmore,increasingschoolattendance,andcompletingtheirhomework.Otherstudents,however,re-portedgoalsandstrategiesstronglyinfluencedbyotherstressorsintheirenvironmentssuchasavoidingviolence,gangmembership,orjailtimewhichtheyhopedtoachievebycuttingofftoxicrelationshipsandavoidingthepolice.

Conclusion

Understandinghowyouthplanfortheirfutureandhopetoachievetheirgoalscanassistmentalhealthandschoolpro-fessionalsintargetinginterventionstobestsupportthem.Someadolescents’goalsandstrategiestoachievethemmaybeunrealisticormaladaptive,suggestinganeedforadditionalservicesorintervention.

Presenter: Raina Isaacs, Graduate

Mentor: Dawn McBride

Author: Raina Isaacs

Title: CAN SUBJECTIVE TIME COST EXPLAIN COGNITIVE TASK CHOICES?

Previousresearch(Pottsetal.,2018;Rosenbaum&Bui,2019)suggeststhatparticipants’timeestimatesforcompletingthetasksistheprimarypredictivefactoroftaskchoice.However,thesepaststudieshaveonlycomparedaperceptu-al-motortaskwithacognitivetask.Thecurrentstudycomparescognitivetocognitivetasks.Thepurposeofthecurrentstudyistoinvestigatethefactorsthatcontributetotaskchoicesforcognitivefactors.Participantswillbegiveninstruc-tionsonthethreetasks(box-moving,itemgeneration,andaddition/subtractionproblems).Afterreceivingtheinstruc-tions,participantswillthenmakeanestimateofhowlongeachtaskwilltakethem.Theywillthenbegivenaseriesoftrialswheretheychoosebetweentwoofthethreetasks.Difficultylevelsofthetaskswillvaryacrosstrials.Participantswillcompletewhichevertasktheychoosewithineachpairoftaskspresented.Basedonresultsfrompaststudies,wepredictthatparticipants’subjectivetimeestimateswillpredictwhichcognitivetasktheywillchoosetocompleteineachpairoftasksgiven.

Presenter: Stephanie Ivanoff, Undergraduate

Group Member: Taylor Ullrich


Co-Mentor: Jeremy Kanter

Authors: Taylor Ullrich, Stephanie Ivanoff, Daniel Lannin, Jeremy Kanter, Luke Russell, Ani Yazedjian

Title: HOPEFULNESS: EXPLAINING THE LINK BETWEEN SELF-AFFIRMATION AND SELF-ESTEEM

Thepresentstudyexaminedtheassociationamongself-affirmation,hope,andself-esteem.Resultsindicatedmorefre-quentself-affirmationswerelinkedtogreaterhope,whichinturnwaslinkedtoincreasedself-esteem.Helpingstudentsidentifyanddrawonself-affirmationsmayassistinpositivelyimpactingtheirevaluationsoftheircurrentsituationandthemselves.

Presenter: Caitlyn Jezowit, Graduate

Group Members: Lucy Okrasinski, Norah Bufford, Jessica Foley

Mentor: Adena Myers

Authors: Jessica Foley, Caitlyn Jezowit, Lucy Okrasinski, Norah Bufford

Title: EVALUATING THE TRAUMA-INFORMED PROGRAM FOR PROMOTING SUCCESS USING A MIXED METHOD APPROACH

ThisresearchprojectispartoftheevaluationoftheTraumaInformedProgramforPromotingSuccessgroupinterven-tion(TIPPS).Theinterventionconsistsofninelessonsdesignedtohelpstudentsnavigatefriendships,familyissues,and

identifyingstressors.Childrenwereidentifiedfortheinterventionusingascreenertestandteacherreferrals.Lessonsweregivenweeklytolocalmiddleschoolstudents.Theprogramisbeingevaluatedwithamixedmethodapproachthatincludescomparisonsofthestudents’scoresonpreandpost-testmeasuresofpeerrelationshipsandemotionalregula-tion,weeklyevaluationquestionnaire,aswellasqualitativeinterviews.Thispresentationfocusesonthequalitativeandquantitativeaspects.Thisposterwillpresentanalysestoexamineperceptionsofinterventionacceptabilityforeachles-son.Studentsfromthisgroupinterventionwerealsoinvitedforone-on-oneinterviewsledbygroupleaders.Individualinterviewswereconductedtogaininsightintotheperceptionsoftheprogram,aswellashelpidentifycommonthemesregardingchildren’sperceptionsoftheintervention.DuringtheinterviewschildrenareaskedabouttheirexperiencesintheTIPPSprogram,includingquestionsaboutwhattheylikedordisliked,andwhatcomponentstheymayhavefoundhelpful.

Presenter: Morgan Johnson, Graduate

Mentor: Alycia Hund

Co-mentor: Adena Myers

Authors: Morgan Johnson, Alycia Hund, Adena Myers

Title: ELEMENTARY GENERAL AND SPECIAL EDUCATORS’ EFFICACY TEACHING STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

Withtheriseofinclusiveeducation,morestudentswithdisabilitiesarereceivinginstructioninthegeneraleducationclassroom.Wewillpresenttheresultsofaresearchstudyanalyzingelementaryteachers’efficacyforteachingstudentswithdisabilities.Practitionerswilllearnthewaysinwhichefficacydiffersbetweengeneralandspecialeducatorsaswellasbetweengeneralteachingefficacyandefficacyspecifictoteachingstudentswithdisabilities.

Presenter: Han Jung, Graduate

Mentor: Eros DeSouza

Title: CULTURAL DIFFERENCES OR POLITICAL DIFFERENCES? FLIPPING OVER THE HOFSTEDE’S 6-D MODEL OF CULTURE IN TERMS OF CONSERVATISM AND POLITICAL VIEWS

Hofstede’s6-Dmodelofcultureisoneofthemostwidespreadtaxonomiesregardingtheculturaldifferencesacrossthecountries,butithasalsofacedmanyfierceantagonists.MostcriticismsoftheHofstedemodelincludeidentificationofnationsandcultures,superficialandnarrowtheoreticalbackgrounds,andsuggestionsofrivalhypotheses.Especially,thereissomeevidencethatsuggeststhattheallegedlyculturaldifferencesmayactuallystemfrompoliticalbackgroundsorpeople’straitsrelatedtotheirpoliticalcircumstances;Therefore,IexpectthatmostofHofstede’sdimensionsareasso-ciatedwithpoliticaltraitsofpeopleandmostnationaldifferencesinHofstede’sdimensionswilldisappeariftheinfluenceofpoliticaltraitsarecontrolled.Thepoliticaldifferencesacrossnationsmayratherindicatetheglobalcommonality,notthedifferencesdichotomouslydividedwithoutconsiderationofthedynamicnaturesofculture.

Presenter: Han Jung, Graduate

Mentor: Eros DeSouza

Co-mentor: Suejung Han

Title: CAN THREAT ONLY MAKE PEOPLE CONSERVATIVE? THE EFFECT OF THREAT SALIENCE ON THE DEFENSIVE REACTIONS OF LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES AND ITS LONG-TERM CONTINUITY

Thedevelopmentofthetheoriesofthreatanddefensehasrevealedthatconservativeprejudiceisatypeofdefensivereactionsinwhichpeopleattempttoprotectegosandstatusquofromsocialthreats,whichstemfromtheinterac-tivemechanismbetweenthevarioussituationalbackgroundsrelatedtothreatandthedispositionalfactorsthatmakeindividualsmoresensitivetothreat.However,somestudieshaveshownthatdispositionalliberalsorpeoplewithdispo-sitionaltraitsknowntoberelativelyinsensitivetothreatsarerathermorelikelytobeaffectedbythreatpriming;There-fore,Iwillproposethesuccessivethreestudiestofurtheranalyzethetheoreticalpointsofthisstudy.Study1willcheckwhetherthesameresultcanbereplicatedwhenthethreatstimuliarematchedwithagoalastheingroupfavoritism,andStudy2willattempttoinduceadifferentaspectofthedefensivereactiontothethreatstimuli.Finally,Study3willtestwhethertheseprimingeffectscanbesignificanteveninthelongtermandwillallowparticipantstorespondidenti-callytoequivalentstimuliovertime.

Presenter: Madison Maciejewski, Undergraduate


Authors: Madison Maciejewski; Daniel Lannin

Title: AVOIDANT, BUT READY TO CHANGE? FACILITATING HELP-SEEKING FOR AVOIDANT HELP-SEEKERS

Thepresentstudyfoundthatautonomousandavoidanthelp-seekingstylesdemonstrateopposingrelationswithposi-tivehelp-seekingbeliefs.Readinesstochangemaybufferthenegativeeffectofanavoidanthelp-seekingstyleonbeliefsaboutprofessionalhelp.Bolsteringreadinesstochangemayfacilitatehelp-seekingforresistantindividuals.

Presenter: Elizabeth Marsh, Undergraduate

Mentor: Suejung Han

Author: Elizabeth Marsh

Title: IS CAMPUS INVOLVEMENT BENEFICIAL FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS? GPA, PERCEIVED ACADEMIC ADJUSTMENT, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Studentswhoareinvolvedoncampushavebettermentalhealthandacademicperformance(Bergen-Cico&Bylander,2011;Bergen-Cico&Viscomi,2013). However,whyandhowcampusinvolvementpromotesmentalhealthandacadem-icachievementhasnotbeenexaminedsufficiently.Ihypothesizedthatcampusinvolvementwouldbeassociatedwithoverallbettermentalhealthviaperceivedsocialsupport,andhigherGPAwithperceivedcollegeadjustment.Asampleof353collegestudentsparticipatedinanonlinesurvey.Thesurveyincludeddemographicquestions,MultidimensionalScaleofPerceivedSocialSupport(Zimet,Dahlem,Zimet,&Farley,1988),CollegeAdjustmentScale(Rice&Dellwo,2002)withGPA,andtheDepressionAnxietyStressScale(Lovibond,&Lovibond,1995).ApathanalysiswithAMOS22.0re-vealedanadequatefittothedata,χ2(4)=7.91,p=.10,CFI=.97,RMSEA=.05,90%CI=.00,.11.Campusinvolvementwasassociatedwithperceivedacademicadjustment(β=.33,p=.002),whichwasassociatedwithGPA(β=.50,p<.001),aspredicted.However,campusinvolvementwasnotassociatedwithperceivedsocialsupport(β=.07,p=.18),althoughperceivedsocialsupportwasassociatedwithdistress(β=-.27,p<.001).Studentswhoareinvolvedoncampusperceivethemselvestobewelladjustedtocollegeandhigherlevelsofsocialsupportreducesdistress,whichiswhytheyperformbetteracademically.Therefore,tohelpcollegestudentsadjusttocollegeandhavebettermentalhealthstudentsshouldgetinvolvedoncampusandparticipateinprogramsthatincreasetheirlevelsofsocialsupport.Universitiesshouldpro-videwaysforstudentstogainsocialsupportthroughouttheiryearsoncampus.Futureresearchcouldfindstrategiestoimprovecollegeadjustment,whilereducingdistressamongcollegestudents. Keywords:collegeadjustment,campusinvolvement,socialsupport,psychologicaldistress

Presenter: Elizabeth McPherson, Undergraduate

Group Members: Sabrina Kelbe, Undergraduate; Julia Wenig, Undergraduate; Jessica Foley, Graduate

Mentor: Adena Meyers

Authors: Elizabeth McPherson; Sabrina Kelbe; Julia Wenig; Jessica Foley; Adena Meyers

Title: TRAUMA INFORMED PROGRAM FOR PROMOTING SUCCESS (TIPPS)

TheTraumaInformedProgramforPromotingSuccess(TIPPS)isa9-weekongoingprogramformiddleschoolstudents.Itisaimedatimprovingstudents’perceptionsofschoolclimate,emotionregulation,conflictmanagement,andlearningbehaviors.StudentswereselectedtoparticipateinTIPPSbasedonelevatedscoresonascreeningmeasurethatwasad-ministeredintheearlyfall.StudentsselectedforTIPPSwerethenassignedtoparticipateintheprograminfall2019(fallprogramgroup)orspring2020(comparisongroup).Bothgroupswereadministeredmeasuresofoutcomes(schoolcli-mateperceptions,emotionregulation,learningbehaviors,andconflictmanagementskills)beforethefallgroupsbeganandagainattheendofthefallsemester.Thisposterwillpresentresultsofanalysesfocusingondifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsonoutcomesfollowingthefallsemester,aswellastheroleofdemographicfactors(age,gender,andsocio-economicstatus)ininfluencingtheeffectivenessoftheprogram.

Presenter: Christopher Melecio, Undergraduate

Group Member: Tyler Pederson, Undergraduate


Title: DIFFERENTIAL PREDICTORS OF YOUTHS’ INTENTIONAL AND SPONTANEOUS HELP- SEEKING DECISIONS

The present study examined how individual, romantic, and family characteristics differentiated diverse youth’s desire to seek out relationship help currently and prospectively. Results highlighted various characteristics that contributed to youth’s current and future intentions to seek relational help. These findings are useful for clinicians to promote help-seek-ing behaviors in youth.

Presenter: Rachael Namboodiri, Undergraduate


Authors: Rachael Namboodiri; Daniel Lannin; Patrick Heath

Title: HOW STRESSFUL WILL COUNSELING BE? APPRAISALS OF CONTROL AND CHALLENGE PREDICT HELP-SEEKING INTENTIONS

Purpose

Mentalhealthcounselingisaneffectivetreatmentformentalhealthconcerns(APA,2012),thoughpsychologicalbar-rierspreventpeoplefromseekingoutcounselingwhendistressed(Corrigan,2004).Self-stigma,oranindividual’sfearthatseekinghelpwouldleadtodiminishedself-worth,isonecommonlycitedpsychologicalbarrierleadingtolowerhelp-seekingintent(Lanninet.al.2015).Oneuntestedbarrieriswhetherindividualsbelievetheywouldbeabletocopewithpotentialstresscreatedbyattendingandparticipatingincounseling(cf.stressappraisaltheory;Peacock&Wong,1990).Therefore,thisstudyattemptstoaddressthisgapintheliteraturebytestingwhetherstressappraisalspredicthelp-seekingintentionsaboveandbeyondthepreviouslyidentifiedbarrierofself-stigma.

Methods

Participantscompletedin-personassessmentsofpreviouscounselingexperience,distress(Kessleretal.,2002),self-stig-maofseekingpsychologicalhelp(Vogeletal.,2006),andanadaptedstressappraisalmeasure(SAM;Peacock&Wong,1990)thatassessedhowstressfultheprospectofutilizingcounselingwouldbevia5four-itemappraisalsubscales(per-ceptionsofself-controllability,centrality,threat,stress,andchallenge).

Results

Amultipleregressionpredictingintentionstoseekcounselingwasconductedwithpreviouscounselingexperienceenteredinstepone,self-stigmaenteredinsteptwo,andthefivesubscalesofthestressappraisalmeasureenteredinstepthree.Whereasdistressandpreviouscounselingaccountedfor16%ofthevarianceinintenttoseekcounseling,includingself-stigmainsteptwosignificantlyincreasedtheamountofvarianceexplainedby18%(R2=0.34,p<.001),andincludingcounselingstress-appraisalsinstepthreesignificantlyincreasedtheamountofvarianceexplainedby21%(R2=0.55,p<.001),withstress-appraisalsofchallenge(β=.30,p <.001)andself-control(β =.21,p=.004)beingsignif-icantpredictors.

Conclusions

Whilebeliefsaboutstigmaaresalientinthehelp-seekingprocess,thepresentstudysuggeststhatregardingcounselingasamanageablechallengeratherthanastressorisapredictorofhelp-seekingintentionsaswell.Additionally,believingthatoneappraisescounselingasanenvironmentwheretheycanbesuccessfulmaybolsterhelp-seekingintentions,suggestingthatthiscouldbeanimportantareatofocusoninoutreachprogramminginthefuture.

Presenter: Jessica Quast, Undergraduate


Authors: Jessica Quast; Meredith Spraggon; Jeremy Kanter; Daniel Lannin; Luke Russell; Ani Yazedjian

Title: DO DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS MODERATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LONELINESS AND DISTRESS?

Thepresentstudyexaminedassociationsamongloneliness,psychologicaldistress,age,andgenderinyouth.Resultsindi-catedolderyouthdemonstrateddifficultycopingwithfeelingsoflonelinessandexperiencedmoresymptomsofdistress.Genderdidnotmoderatetheeffectsofwell-being.Thepresentresearchhighlightsavenuestoincreaseperceptionsofbelongness.

Presenter: Krystal Remijas, Graduate

Mentor: Mark Swerdlik

Authors: Krystal Remijas; Mark Swerdlik

Title: A FORMATIVE EVALUATION OF MTSS IN A MIDWESTERN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

AprogramevaluationwasconductedoftheimplementationofMTSSatamidwesternelementaryschool.Assessmentdataincludedanonlineparentandstaffsurveyandananalysisofstudentoutcomedata.Thefocuswasonparentandstaffperceptionsandanalysisofstudentoutcomedatarelatedtointerventioneffectiveness.

Presenter: Darin Roberts, Undergraduate

Mentor: Alycia Hund

Author: Darin Roberts

Title: THE ROLE OF WORKING MEMORY IN DIRECTION GIVING AND WAYFINDING

Animportanttaskinoureverydaylivesisfindingourwayaroundandhelpingothersfindtheirway.Todothesetasks,wemustrelyonworkingmemory,whichisnecessarywhenholdingontoinformationwhileperformingothertasks.WeusedBaddeleyandHitch’smodeltoconceptualizefouraspectsofworkingmemory.Thefirstaspectisthecentralexec-utive,whichisthemainprocessingunitofworkingmemory.Second,thevisuospatialsketchstoresvisualsemanticslikevisualandspatialdetails,andthird,thephonologicalloopstoresverbalinformationsuchaslanguage.Thelastaspectistheepisodicbuffer,whichisresponsibleforholdingontomultidimensionalchunksofinformation(Baddeley,2009).Pastresearchhaslinkedworkingmemoryandwayfinding.Forexample,indoorwayfindingdirectionswerelessaccuratewhenvisuospatialworkingmemorywasbeingtaxedbyasecondarytask.Indoorwayfindingtimeswerealsofoundtobeslowerwhenvisuospatialmemorywasbeingtaxed(Hund,2016).Thepresentstudyinvestigatedtheroleofworkingmemoryindirectiongivingandwayfindinginanoutdoorenvironment.Thesampleconsistedof257participantsrecruitedfromIlli-noisStateUniversity.Wetestedtheroleofworkingmemoryindirectiongivingandwayfindingthroughadual-taskpara-digm.ThedualtasksincludedbeingabletotellifawordwasarealEnglishwordornot(taxingverbalworkingmemory)ormakingdecisionsabouttimesonananalogclock(taxingvisuospatialworkingmemory)whilesimultaneouslygivingdirectionsorfindingthebestroutetoaspecificdestinationontheuniversityquad,comparedtosimplygivingdirectionsorwayfinding.Preliminaryanalysessupportedourhypotheses.Thatis,participantsmademoreerrorsindirectiongivingwhenworkingmemorywasbeingtaxedduringdual-tasks.Theyalsowereslowerduringwayfinding.Thesefindingspro-videimportantdetailsabouttheroleofverbalandvisuospatialworkingmemoryinwayfindinganddirectiongiving.

Presenter: Alexa Snodgrass, Undergraduate

Mentor: Dan Lannin

Authors: Alexa Snodgrass; Daniel Lannin

Title: A CLEAR AND AFFIRMED IDENTITY; SELF-CONCEPT CLARITY, SELF-AFFIRMATION, AND STIGMA

Thepresentstudyfoundthatasthetendencytoutilizeself-affirmationincreases,help-seekingself-stigmadecreases,butonlywhenself-conceptclarityisalsohigh.Thissuggeststhataffirmingtheselfmayleadtotwodifferentpaths—depend-ingontheclarityandstabilityofaperson’sself-concept.

Presenter: Meredith Spraggon, Undergraduate

Mentor: Dan Lannin

Authors: Meredith Spraggon; Jessica Quast; Luke Russell; Jeremy Kanter; Daniel Lannin; Leandra Parris; Ani Yazedjian

Title: HOW DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING INFLUENCES YOUTHS’ AWARENESS OF THEIR ONLINE AUDIENCES

A.ProblemorMajorPurpose:Thecurrentstudysoughttoevaluatehowyouthdescribedtheimpactofparticipatinginarelationshipandjobreadinesscurriculumontheirbehaviorsinonlineenvironments.SocialmediausageisprevalentamongU.S.youthwithmorethan81%ofstudentsreportingtheuseofsocialmediaatleastonceaweek(Agosto&Abbas,2017).Youthidentifythemostsalientrisksassociatedwithonlineenvironmentsastheprevalenceofstrangers,thetendencyforotherstomisrepresentthemselves,andconcernsaboutprivacy(Hundley&Shyles,2010).Increasingly,professionalshaveadvocatedforadditionaleducationalinterventionstohelpyouthnavigateonlinechallenges(Morenoetal.,2013);suggestingitmaybebeneficialtoexaminehowpreexistinginterventionsinfluenceyouths’onlineexperiences.Therefore,thepresentqualitativestudyexaminedtheinfluenceofaprogramthatcombinesrelationshipeducationandjob-readinesstrainingonyouths’onlinebehaviors.

B.Procedure:DuringFall2018andSpring2019,youthaged14-21inmid-centralIllinoisparticipatedinfocusgroups

conductedfollowingarelationshipeducationcurriculum(14focusgroups,n=205)andajobreadinesscurriculum(15focusgroups,n=184).Youthrespondedtoquestionsregardingtheirsocialmediausage,attitudes,andhowcurriculainfluencedonlinebehaviors.Followingtranscription,inductiveanalysesofresponseswereconductedfollowingCorbinandStrauss’s(2015)constantcomparativemethodtoidentifycorethemeswithintheresponses.

C.Results:Preliminarythemesidentifiedacrossfocusgroupscenteraroundincreasedawarenessofvariableaudienceswhomayviewyouths’socialmediaposts,images,andcomments.Youthreportedbecomingmoreconsciousthatphotostheypostcouldbeaccessedbyindividualswithillintentions,aswellasbypotentialemployerswhomayviewandevaluatetheironlinebehavior.Onestudentstatedthatherawarenessofthesedynamicsincreasedduetothecurricula,noting,“theybelookingupyourstuffonsocialmedia.”PreliminarythemesandexemplarquotescanbefoundinTable1.

D.ConclusionsandImplications:Ourfindingsprovidepreliminaryevidencethatrelationshipandjob-readinessprogrammingmayassiststudentsinbecomingmoreawareofdigitalaudiencesandthepotentialrelationaloremployment-relatedconsequencesofsocialmediaposts.Increasedawarenessoftheseimplicationsmayassistyouthinmoresafelynavigatingonlineenvironmentsandensuringtheydonotjeopardizerelationalandemploymentopportunities.

Presenter: Taylor Ullrich, Undergraduate

Group Member: Stephanie Ivanoff, Undergraduate

Mentor: Dan Lannin

Co-mentor: Jeremy Kanter

Authors: Taylor Ullrich; Stephanie Ivanoff; Daniel Lannin; Jeremy Kanter; Luke Russell; Ani Yazedjian

Title: HOPEFULNESS: EXPLAINING THE LINK BETWEEN SELF-AFFIRMATION AND SELF-ESTEEM

ProblemorMajorPurpose:Thepresentstudyexaminestheassociationamongself-affirmation,hope,andself-esteem.Self-affirmationisaprocessthatinvolvescompensatingforthreateneddomainsofone’sself-worth(e.g.,feelingunintelligentafterfailingatest)bybeingremindedofpositiveaspectsofone’sidentitythatarenotthreatened(e.g.,feelingpositiveaboutbeingalovingsister);thetendencytoself-affirmhasbeenlinkedtodecreasedperceptionsofthreat,andthusmayincreasefaithinone’sabilitytoachievepositiveoutcomes(i.e.,hope)andultimatelybolsterself-esteem(Sherman&Cohen,2006;Tesser,2000).Giventhathopehasbeenlinkedtoaccomplishinggoals(Snyder,1995)andselfesteem(Frieson&Frieson,1997),itispossiblethathopemaybeacriticaldeterminantofself-esteemmaintenance.Thepresentstudyexaminedwhetherthelinkbetweenself-affirmationandself-esteemwasduetoassociationswithgreaterhope.Specifically,wepredictedamediationeffectwhereinselfaffirmationwouldpredictgreaterhope,whichinturnwouldpredictgreaterself-esteem.

Presenter: Mary Wallace, Undergraduate

Mentor: Suejung Han

Authors: Mary Wallace; Suejung Han

Title: ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY, LEARNED HELPLESSNESS, AND GPA AMONG WHITE AND RACIALLY MINORITIZED STUDENTS

Purpose:Racialdisparityinacademicperformancehasbeenwell-documented(e.g.,Oyserman&Lewis,2017),butreasonsthatexplainsuchdisparityneedmorescholarlyattentionastheycouldbeinterventiontargets.Amongotherpsychologicalmechanisms,thisstudyexaminedtwosocio-cognitivebarriersoflowself-efficacyandnegativeoutcomeexpectations(Bandura,1986).Theywereoperationalizedaslowacademicself-efficacy(one’sconceptionoftheirabilitytoperformacademicachievement;Gerardi,2005)andlearnedhelplessness(asenseoflackofcontroloverone’sactions

duetoperceivedrepeatednegativeoutcomes;Smallheer,2011).Ihypothesizedthatracialmembership(i.e.,Whitevs.studentsofcolor)wouldbeassociatedwithGPAviadifferencesinacademicself-efficacyandlearnedhelplessness.

Procedure:Asampleof165collegestudents(122Whites,33studentsofcolor)participatedintheonlinesurveyofthisstudy.Themeanagewas19.04(SD=1.47).Thesampleincluded142females,20males,1non-binary,and2notreport-inggender.ThesurveyconsistedofLearnedHelplessnessScale(Smallheer,2011),CollegeAcademicSelf-EfficacyScale(Owen&Froman,1988),andGPA/demographicquestions.

Results:Datacollectionisinprogressandcompleteresultswillbereportedattheconferenceifaccepted.Apreliminaryone-wayANOVAusingSPSSshowedWhitestudentsscoredhigheronacademicself-efficacy,F(1,119)=7.16,p=.008,andGPA,F(1,160)=6.42,p=.01,thanstudentsofcolor,buttherewasnosignificantmeandifferenceonlearnedhelpless-ness,F(1,153)=.49,p=.49.ApathanalysiswithAMOS22.0revealedamarginaltoadequatefittothedata,χ2(1)=2.34,p=.13,CFI=.97,RMSEA=.09,90%CI=.00,.25.RacialmembershipwasassociatedwithGPAviaacademicself-efficacy(racialmembership-academicself-efficacypathβ=.21,p=.013,academicself-efficacy-GPApathβ=.41,p<.001),butnotvialearnedhelplessness(racialmembership-learnedhelplessnesspathβ=.06,p=.47,learnedhelplessness-GPApathβ=-.09,p=.28).CorrelationcoefficientsbetweenlearnedhelplessnessandGPAwerer=-.29(p=.03)amongWhitesandr=-.33(p=.06)amongstudentsofcolor,buttheywerenotsignificantlydifferentfromeachother(z=-.7,p=.24).

ConclusionsandImplications:Acknowledgingandeducatingthatracialdisparitiesinacademicperformanceisduetodifferencesinconfidenceratherthanactualcompetence,mayhelpraciallyminoritizedstudentsboosttheiracademicself-efficacy.Furtheranalyseswithalargersampleofracialminoritystudentswillre-examinetheroleoflearnedhelp-lessness,particularlyamongdifferentsubgroupsofraciallyminoritizedstudents.

Sociology/Anthropology

Presenter: Radiance Campbell, Undergraduate

Mentor: Thomas Gerschick

Title: PERFORMING COLOR: PARTICIPATORY PHOTO AND COMMUNITY BASED RESEARCH IN A MODERN U.S. CIRCUS

Thisstudyasks“whatistheexperienceofpeopleofcolorinamodernU.S.circus?”andisprimarilyconcernedwithgrantingperformersofcolorcontrolovertellingtheirownstory.Giventhatthecircusisavisualart,thisstudyproduc-esvisualresearchthatcentersparticipants’perspectivesthroughphotovoice,orparticipatoryphoto,whichisavisualresearchmethodologythatusesparticipant-generatedphotosasdata.Participantsweregivendisposablecamerasandencouragedtophotographtheirownworlds,identifyingtheassetsandchallengesoftheircircuscommunity.Throughqualitativephoto-elicitationinterviewsandafocusgroup,togetherwecreatedaspacefordeepdiscussionandcollabo-rationaswedevelopedacollectivemessagetoshare.

Becauseoftheimpactofspectatorshiponperformersofcolor,theresearchresultsweredisplayedinaresearchexhibitasopposedtoatraditionalresearchreport.Theculminatingexhibitalongwithparticipants’increasedconsciousnessispartoftheempowermentprocessatthecoreofthisproject.Thegoaloftheexhibitwastocreatespaceforthewidercommunitytoengagewithresearchresultswhilesimultaneouslyassertingtheperformers’righttoaself-determinedpublicnarrative.Visualresearchmethodologiesandtheculminatingexhibitwerechosenforthisprojectbecausetheyconstituteanempoweringformofresearchwhileproducingresultsthataremoreaccessibletothenon-academicaudi-encesthatoftendirectlyinfluencethelivesofperformersofcolor.

Thefinalexhibitfeaturesselectparticipant-generatedphotos,artisticstatementsmadeupofquotesfromparticipantinterviews,historicalimagescourtesyofMilnerLibrarySpecialCollections,studiophotographycourtesyofNathanMas-ciola,andaudiotrackssettomusiccourtesyofBrandonCampbellofTheClinic.TheexhibitwasdisplayedinIllinoisStateUniversity’sRachelCooperGalleryfromFebruary25,2020throughsummer2020andSchroederHallGalleryfortheacademicyear2020-2021.Anoptional“exitsurvey”wasavailableatthegallery’soriginalopeningreceptiononFebru-

ary25thandwasanalyzedtohelpgaugeaudience’sinteraction,understanding,andlearningfromtheexhibition.Theresearchpublicationconsistsofadigitizedversionoftheresearchexhibitaswellasadiscussionofresearchmethods,results,andimplications.

Presenter: Christian Maynard, Undergraduate

Mentor: Winfred Avogo

Authors: Christian Maynard; Winfred Avogo

Title: FROM SMOKE CLOUDS TO VAPE CLOUDS: A STUDY OF SUBSTANCE USE AND DELINQUENCY

The‘vapingepidemic’hasincurredatleast12deathsand805injuriessofar.Overall,researchonvapinghasbeensubstantiallylimited,primarilyinthecontextofvapinganddelinquency.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoinvestigatethecorrelationsbetweenvapingandsmokingandthevariouskindsofdelinquentacts.UsingsecondarydatafromMonitor-ingtheFuture:AContinuingStudyoftheLifestylesandValuesofYouthconductedin2017,withasamplesizeof21,188participants,wefindthatyouth‘vapors’wereassociatedwithlessdelinquencythanyouthsmokers(cigarettes);however,youth‘vapors’wereassociatedwithmoredelinquencythanalcoholusers.Finally,youngpeoplewhovapeweremorelikelytoreportsmokinganddrinkingalcohol.Weinterprettheseresultsinthecontextofsocialbondingandsociallearn-ingtheoryandpoliciestocreateawarenessonthepotentialdangersofvaping.

Teaching and Learning

Presenter: Abby Basler, Undergraduate

Mentor: Miranda Lin

Title: USING AFRICAN AMERICAN LANGUAGE IN THE CLASSROOM TO AFFIRM LANGUAGE DIVERSITY

ThepurposeofthisstudywastoseehowteacherscannaturallyintegrateAfricanAmericanLanguage(AAL)intotheirclassroomswithoutcreatingtheculturalbarrierthatnormallyfollowswithAAL.ResearchshowsthatcorrectingAALspeakerscannegativelyimpacttheirlearningabilities(Lee,31).Studentswillbegintoshutdownandnotparticipateduringclasstime.WhenAALspeakersarecorrected,theyalsolosetheconfidencetospeakinasocialsetting,whichiscrucialforlanguagedevelopment.AccordingtotheNationalCouncilofTeachersofEnglish,thereareseveralgoalsforAALstudents.Forexample,tovaluestudents’cultural-linguisticheritage,maintainblackidentity,enhancetheircom-mandofLanguageofWiderCommunication,andmastercriticalreading,writing,andspeakingskills.ManyteachershavetriedtoincorporatethestrategyofCode-Switchingintotheclassroom.Still,researchshowstheCode-SwitchingapproachimpliesaracistandsegregationistresponsetothelanguagehabitsofAfricanAmericans.However,thenew-erstrategyofCode-Meshingisseenasbeingmoreeffectiveintheclassroom.Code-MeshingattemptstoembracetheglobalizedanddiverseworldweliveinbycombininglocaldialectsofEnglishwithStandardWorldEnglishonassignmentsandactivitiesinsidetheclassroom(Lee,166).Afteranalyzingtheliterature,theimplicationsofthestudyincludeteach-ersimplementingcode-meshingtotheirlessonplanningbyusingCodeMeshingtoremixatext.Further,apositiveandin-clusiveenvironmentintheclassroomrequiresmorethanjustintegratingdifferentdialectsintolessonplans.SomeideastoincludeAALintheclassroomareprovidingAALbooksintheclassroomlibraryandhavingpostersanddecorationsthatincludetheAfricanAmericandialect.Nevertheless,thefirststeptointegrateAALintoaclassroomistomakethestu-dentsfeelcomfortableenoughtoexpressthemselvesfreely,theotherfactorswillthennaturallyfollow.Integratingotherdialectsintoaclassroomisnevereasy.However,itisnecessaryforthesuccessofourstudents.

Presenter: Kaytlin Halperin, Undergraduate

Mentor: Miranda Lin

Title: CONSTRUCTIVISM AND PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: EFFECTIVE OR NOT

Inthestudy,Iwillpresentananalysisofthemovie“Brave”(2012)usingPiaget’sconstructivismandstagesofcognitivedevelopment(Follari,2019).Thistheorytouchesontheroleofachild’senvironmentintheeducationprocess.Eachstagedescribeshowachilduseshis/herintuitionandpriorknowledgetoadvancehis/herunderstandingoftheworldaroundhim/her.Moreover,Constructivismistheteachingstylethatenhancesthislearningprocess,allowingthestu-dentstoformulatetheirownstrategiesandconcepts,usingtheircontactwiththeirenvironment,throughminimaldirectinstructionfromtheeducator.

Ihaveusedthistheorytoanalyzethemoviebecausethemaincharacter,Merida,learnsthroughherpersonalexperi-ence,workingwithherenvironmentandreflectingonheractionstoreachanunderstandingofthespellcastonhermotherandcomeupwiththeantidote.Inthemovie,thereareafewfacilitatorstothislearning,justasteacherswouldfacilitatelearningintheconstructivistclassroom.However,forthemostpart,Meridausesherownpreviousknowledgeofhercountryandthelegendstoldtoherasachild,aswellasherownintuitiontosolvethewitch’sriddle.Additional-ly,onewitnessesMeridaworkingthroughthestagesofdevelopment,proposedbyPiaget,throughoutthemovie.Sheworkswithhersensesatfirstobtainingaverysimpleunderstandingofhersituation,thenshestartstouseconcreteobjects,intryingtoreversethespell.Finally,sheaccumulatesalloftheknowledgeshebuiltthroughoutthemovietoendupwithaverypost-operationalthoughtprocessinherfinalattempttosavehermother,aformofself-reflectionandabstractcomprehensionofthewitches’spellandriddle.

AbriefdescriptionofMerida’sexperienceineachstageofcognitivedevelopmentaccompaniedbyasummaryofthemoviewillbeaddressed.Further,examplesofhowteachersmayusethiseducationstyleandtheoryintheclassroom,alongwithatestamenttoitssuccessrateamongstudentswillbeprovided.

Technology

Presenter: Sara Schelinski, Undergraduate

Group Members: Megan Glynn, Graduate; Allison Morgan, Undergraduate; Raquel Zvirbulis, Undergraduate

Mentor: Pranshoo Solanki

Authors: Sara Schelinski; Meghan Glynn; Allison Morgan; Raquel Zvirbulis

Title: BENEFICIAL USE OF DREDGED MATERIAL: ADDRESSING THE US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS’ SURPLUS PROBLEM

InanattemptoftheUSArmyCorpsofEngineers’(USACE)continuousclearingwaterwaysforimprovedaquaticnavi-gation,asurplusofmorethan2,000,000cubicyardsofdredgedmaterialbetweenthreelocationsofSangamonRiver-Decatur,Il,MackinawRiver-Pekin,Il,andBull’sIsland-Ottawa,Ilrequiresustainablerepurposing.Toresolvethis,thebeneficialuseofthismaterialhasbeeninvestigatedbyassessingreportsgivenbytheUSACEaswellasconductingindependentresearchtohighlightthebest,mostfeasibleusebaseduponcomposition,locationofthesurplussites,andcostassociatedwithuseandtransportationofthedredgedmaterial.UponrequestoftheUSACE,sustainabilityandenvi-ronmentalconscientiousness,definedbypreservingtheuseofrenewableresourcesinthefutureaswellasrepurposingnonrenewablewaste,havealsobeentakenintoaccount.DeterminantsforthematerialuseandmarkethavebeendrawnfromcoldcallsurveysofpotentialmarketswithinthestateofIllinoiswiththefollowingfocus:landfillcoveringandlining,universityresearch,greeninfrastructure/construction,andremediationofsoil/habitats.Becausethisisanongoingstudy,preliminarysurveyresultswillleadtoanestablishedmarketabilityplanthatwilldefinethemeasuresforthemostsuit-able project to ensue.

Theatre and Dance

Presenter: Shahrzad Hamzeh, Graduate

Mentor: Bruce Burningham

Title: BELLY DANCING AND THE FORGOTTEN HISTORY OF PERSIAN DANCE

ThispaperwilldiscussthedifferencesbetweenBellydancingandPersiandancingwhilefocusingontheparticularhistoryofPersiandance.NotonlyhasPersiandancenotgottenthesameattentionasbellydancing,butinsomecasestheentirestylehasbeenmistakenforbellydancing.Thepaperwillbeginwithashorthistoryofwhatmighthavecausedthecon-fusionofconsideringthetwodanceformstobethesame.Itwillalsoexaminevisualdifferencessuchasthoserelatedtocostumingandtechnique.Ultimately,thepaperwillarguethatPersiandanceisfundamentallydifferentandindependentfromBellydancing,andthattheabsenceofavailablehistoriesofPersiandancehasleftavacuuminthedocumentationsondancesoftheMiddleEast,whichhasledtothebeliefthatBellydancingisallthereis.

Presenter: Shahrzad Hamzeh, Graduate

Mentor: Lauren Lowell

Title: THE SHALWAR KAMEEZ: PAKISTAN’S PERSIAN-INFLUENCED NATIONAL GARMENT

ThispaperwillbeginbygoingthroughthereasonswhyShalwar Kameez, whichmeans “trousersandtunic,”isPakistan’snationalgarment.ThepaperwillinvestigatethereligiousreasonswhythisoutfitispreferredamongstMuslimsofthesubcontinentofIndia.ItfocusesonthehistoryofShalwar KameezinPakistan.ThegarmentstartedasafashionduringtheMoghulerawhentheMoghulswererulingoverthePersianEmpirewhichincludedtheIndiansubcontinentandmodern-dayPakistan.UltimatelythispaperwillarguethatthenationalgarmentofPakistanisaPersianinfluenceditemofclothing,anditcontinuestobepopularamongpeopleofthesubcontinentofIndia.

OralPresentations

*********************************************************************************************

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICSApril 25

Zoom Undergraduate Oral Sessions (meeting ID # 650-402-442)Faculty mentors: Dr. Matthew Caplan, Dr. Xing Fang, Dr. Rainer Grobe,

Dr. Daniel L. Holland, Dr. Uttam Manna, Dr. Epaminondas Rosa Jr., Dr. George H. Rutherford, and Dr.Q. Charles Su

************************************************************************************************************************

Session 1

8:00-8:15

Jack Yost (Fang, Grobe, Su)

MACHINELEARNINGANDARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEAPPLIEDTOACOUSTICS

8:15-8:30

Chi Gong (Grobe, Su)

DIRACVACUUMCANRESOLVERAPIDLYCHIRPEDEXTERNALFIELDS

8:30-8:45

Cassie N. McGinnis (Holland, Grobe, Su)

UNIVERSALSCALINGLAWSFOROPTIMALLYEXCITEDNONLINEAROSCILLATORS

8:45-9:00

Austin Penwell (Grobe, Su)

TRANSITIONBETWEENCOHERENTANDINCOHERENTCHIRPINGMECHANISMSINELECTRON-POSITRONPAIR

CREATION

9:00-9:15

Bailey Wilkinson (Manna)

MULTIPOLARDECOMPOSITIONOFOPTICALSPECTRAOFHIGH-INDEXDIELECTRICNANOPARTICLES

9:15-9:30

Brighton Coe (Manna)

EXCITATIONOFELECTRODYNAMICANAPOLEMODESINDIELECTRICNANOSPHERES

9:30-9:45

Jonathan Sullivan-Wood (Holland)

EFFECTSOFDIAMAGNETISMONMAGNETOTAILCURRENTSHEETEQUILIBRIUM

break 9:45am-10:00 am

Session 2:

10:00-10:15

Julian Jovanovich (Caplan)

STUDYING“NUCLEARPASTA”INNEUTRONSTARSTHROUGH3-DPRINTING

10:15-10:30

Brighton Coe (Caplan)

SIMULATEDMULTIFRAGMENTATIONOFNUCLEARCOLLISIONS

10:30-10:45

John Miles (Caplan)

SIMULATINGTHEORBITALPRECESSIONOFCOMETS

10:45-11:00

James Brokaw (Caplan)

NATUREOFNEUTRONSTARCRUSTS

11:00-11:15

Cal Forsman (Caplan)

THERMALFLUCTUATIONSINNUCLEARPASTA

11:15-11:30

Ian Freeman (Caplan)

MODELINGNUCLEIFORSIMULATEDNUCLEARCOLLISIONS

break 11:30-11:45 pm

Session 3: 11:45-12:00

Sean Comben (Grobe, Su)

EXTERNALFIELDAPPROXIMATIONFORTHEBREIT-WHEELERPROCESS?

12:00-12:15

Luis Rizo (Fang, Grobe, Su)

THEEXACTPREDICTABLEFUNCTIONSBYASINGLENEURON

12:15-12:30

Jordan Bryan (Grobe, Su)

SYMBIOTICVS.NON-SYMBIOTICOPTIMIZATIONFORSPATIALANDTEMPORALDEGREESOFFREEDOMINPAIRCREATION

12:30-12:45

Ian Freeman (Rosa)

TEMPERATUREEFFECTSONNEURONALACTIVITIES

12:45-01:00

Jordan Brandt-Trainer (Rutherford, Rosa)

EXPLORINGTHEHODGKIN-HUXLEYNEURONMODELWITHCIRCUITBOARDS

1:00 The End of the Physics Zoom Oral Sessions

*********************************************************************************************

SCHOOL OF THEATRE & DANCEOralPresentations

OrganizedbyDrs.AnnHaugoandKee-YoonNahm

April28,2020

Zoomsessionlink:https://illinoisstate.zoom.us/j/715201371

1:00-3:45p.m. *********************************************************************************************

Panel 1

1:00 - 2:15 p.m.

Cheyenne Flores,“VirginWhore,orNeutered:ApplyingChicanaFeministThoughttotheWomenofElTeatroCampesino”

Shahrzad Hamzeh,“ShalwarKameez:Pakistan’sPersian-influencedNationalGarment”

Samuel Langellier,“LostPlaysandtheIssueofPrimaryTextinTheatre”

Break

2:15 - 2:30 p.m.

Panel 2

2:30 - 3:45 p.m.

Demitri Corbin,“TheLostArtGeneration:TheEffectsofthe2008FinancialCrisisonArtsEducation”

Shahrzad Hamzeh,“BellyDancingandtheForgottenHistoryofPersianDance”

Hope Morris,“BewitchingtheBlame:TheCrucible’sLegacyofSexualShameandCulturalOtheringinPopular Culture”

Presenter Last Name

Presenter First Name Page Number Department Faculty Mentor

Adams Ashley 34 Psychology Laura Finan

Adomako Frederick 4 Agriculture Aslihan D Spaulding

Presenter Last Name Presenter First Name Page Number Department Faculty Mentor

Bachtold Olivia 18 Geography, Geology, and the Environment

Michaelene Cox

Basler Abby 49 Teaching and Learning Miranda Lin

Bennett Nathan 31 Physics Justin Bergfield

Berens Marissa 34 Psychology Daniel Lannin

Birchfield Hannah 19 Health Sciences Jennifer Peterson

Bove Rebecca 35 Psychology Alycia Hund

Brown Angela 19 Health Sciences Beverly Barham

Presenter Last Name


Caffey Shaunta 35 Psychology Julie Campbell

Calkins Heather 36 Psychology Gregory Braswell

Cam Yonca 36 Psychology Scott Jordan

Campbell Radiance 48 Sociology/Anthropology Thomas Gerschick

Campos Hillary 13 Communication John Baldwin

Conaty Garrett 4 Agriculture Maria Boerngen

Cornejo Savanah 14 Communication Sciences and Disorders Taeok Park

Cramer Emma 11 Chemistry Timothy Lash

Croney Samantha 37 Psychology Alycia Hund


Donnelly Megan 37 Psychology Steven Landau

Dwyer Rebecca 5 Agriculture Nicholas Heller

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B

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D

Presenter Last Name


Edmonson Jessica 9 Biological Sciences Victoria Borowicz


Fernandes Liza 21 Information Technology Qi Zhang

Forsman Cal 31 Physics Matt Caplan

Freeman Ian 31 Physics Matt Caplan


Graybeal Alexis 11 Chemistry Timothy Lash

Green Alyssa 13 Communication John Baldwin

Gutzler Emily 25 Mathematics Songling Shan

Presenter Last Name


Halperin Kaytlin 50 Teaching and Learning Miranda Lin

Halverson Hailie 38 Psychology Daniel Lannin

Hamzeh Shahrzad 51 Theatre and Dance Bruce Burningham, Laurel Lowell

Haque Sirazum Munira 15 Economics David Cleeton

Hardin Seth 18 Geography, Geology, and the Environment

Alec Foster

Harris Hannah 22 Kinesiology & Recreation Noelle Selkow

Hart Kate 38 Psychology Suejung Han

Hartman Blake 5 Agriculture Maria Boerngen

Hasan Kazi Tanvir 25 Mathematics Olcay Akman

Hayes-Carver Jesse 25-26 Mathematics Songling Shan

Hemming Paige 38-39 Psychology Adena Meyers

Hoerbert Bailey 6 Agriculture Maria Boerngen

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H

F

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Horton Alexandra 39 Psychology Daniel Lannin

Huffman Raeann 6 Agriculture Nicholas Heller

Hynes Keeley 39-40 Psychology Daniel Lannin, Luke Russell


Isaacs Raina 41 Psychology Dawn McBride

Ivanoff Stephanie 41 Psychology Daniel Lannin


Jayasinghe Iresha 9 Biological Sciences Rebekah Darner

Jezowit Caitlyn 41-42 Psychology Adena Meyers

Johnson Morgan 42 Psychology Alycia Hund

Johnston Rachel 12 Chemistry Timothy Lash

Jung Han 42-43 Psychology Eros DeSouza


Kalafut Megan 30 Philosophy David Sanson

Kianicka Mike 22-23 Kinesiology & Recreation Mike Mulvaney

Kirk Samuel 26-27 Mathematics Songling Shan


Liesman Sara 27 Mathematics Olcay Akman

Lin I Chun 17-18 Family and Consumer Sciences Yoon Ma

Lusk Elliot 10 Biological Sciences Joseph Casto

Luu Jacky 32 Politics and Government Michaelene Cox


Maciejewski Madison 43 Psychology Daniel Lannin

Madu Kosiso 16 Economics Dimitrios Nikolaou

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J

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L

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Marsh Elizabeth 43 Psychology Suejung Han

Mathius Melissa 13 Chemistry Timothy Lash

Maynard Christian 49 Sociology/Anthropology Winfred Avogo

McCarthy Michael 33 Politics and Government Noha Shawki

McCauley Darby 23 Kinesiology & Recreation Nicole Hoffman

McPherson Elizabeth 44 Psychology Adena Meyers

Melecio Christopher 44 Psychology Daniel Lannin

Messman Brianna 7 Agriculture Michael Barrowclough

Molnar Spencer 8 Art Daniel Breyer

Moran Trevar 20 Health Sciences Liangcheng Yang

Mueller Daniel 32 Physics Justin Bergfield


Namboodiri Rachael 44-45 Psychology Daniel Lannin

Nottoli Jacob 27-28 Mathematics Songling Shan


Plumadore Alex 32 Physics Allison Harris

Privett Jacqueline 15 Criminal Justice Sciences Jacqueline Schneider


Quast Jessica 45 Psychology Daniel Lannin


Rahman Md Zahidur 16 Economics Rati Ram

Remijas Krystal 45 Psychology Mark Swerdlik

Rivers Davey 15 Criminal Justice Sciences Michael Gizzi

Roberts Darin 45-46 Psychology Alycia Hund

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Q

Presenter Last Name


Samsami Ian 28 Mathematics Songling Shan

Schelinski Sara 50 Technology Pranshoo Solanki

Schultz Emily 23-24 Kinesiology & Recreation Noelle Selkow

Shahrezaei Shabnam 16-17 Economics Hassan Mohammadi

Shalini Amrita 21-22 Information Technology James Wolf

Simmons Nolan 20 Health Sciences Guan Jin

Snodgrass Alexa 46 Psychology Daniel Lannin

Spraggon Meredith 46-47 Psychology Daniel Lannin

Styan Jacob 7 Agriculture Maria Boerngen

Sudbrook Teagan 10 Biological Sciences Ryan Paitz

Presenter Last Name


Tasmin Tamanna 14 Communication John Baldwin


Ullrich Taylor 47 Psychology Daniel Lannin

Presenter Last Name


Vaez Sara 17 Economics Oguzhan Dincer

W

Presenter Last Name


Wallace Mary 47-48 Psychology Suejung Han

Z

Presenter Last Name


Zbinden Kaiti 8 Agriculture Iuliia Tetteh

Zinn Cara 24-25 Kinesiology & Recreation Karen Dennis

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