206922923 Alcatel Lucent Umts Link Budget Methodology v1!0!150430233042 Conversion Gate02

8/20/2019 206922923 Alcatel Lucent Umts Link Budget Methodology v1!0!150430233042 Conversion Gate02

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UMTS Link Budget Methodology

Sylvestre Demonget

Wireless BG / W-CDMA BD /

Post-Sales Support & Technology Introduction / W-CDMA Network Engineering

April 2nd

, 2007


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2 | HSUPA Link Budget | February 28th, 2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006

Agenda

1. Uplink Link Budget Methodology

2. Downlink Link Budget Methodology

3. Capacity and Throughput Calculation Basics


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Introduction

UMTS Link Budget methodology:

Uplink: Cell Range derivation based on a specific UL dimensioning service

Downlink:

Calculation for each DL service of transmit power necessary to reach cell edge

Comparison with maximum allowed power for this DL service

Aspects covered in this presentation:

Link budget methodology (UL and DL) applicable to both Release 99 and HSPA

Cell Range comparisons for multiple:

R’99 UL services

HSUPA user throughput targets

UL and DL Capacity calculation using analytic formulas

HSPA Throughput computation using static simulation:

Throughput map

Throughput Vs. Distance from Site


4/35


Agenda





5/35


1UMTS Uplink Link Budget

Methodology, Cell Range Comparisons


6/35


Uplink Link Budget Methodology (1/8)

MAPL Calculation (1/3: R’99)

MAPL MAPL Calculation (Release 99)Calculation (Release 99)

Aim: used to derive Cell Range

Depends on:• UL dimensioning service i (usually CS64)

• Propagation environment

• UE and Node-B performances

• Shadowing Margin, Fast Fading Margin, UL Interference Margin

Margince InterferenUL MarginFadingFast MarginShadowing

LossCablesGain Ant BTS LossnPenetratio Loss Bodyi ySensitivit NodeBPower Tx MaxUE i MAPL

−−−

−+−−

−=

.)(.)(

U E M a x .

T x P o w e r

BodyLoss BTS

Antenna

Gain

PenetrationLoss

N

o d e - B S e n s i t i v i t y

(

d e p e n

d s o n

U L s

e r v

i c e

i

)

Max. Allowable air

interface Path Loss(MAPL)

Max. Allowable airinterface Path Loss(MAPL)

ShadowingMargin

Uplink InterferenceMargin

CablesLoss

Fast FadingMargin


7/35



MAPL Calculation (2/3: Impact of HSDPA)

MAPL MAPL Calculation (Impact of HSDPA)Calculation (Impact of HSDPA)

Mandatory channels for data transfer on HSDPA:

Presence of HS-DPCCH impacts MAPL:

UE transferring on HSDPA must feed back CQIand ACK/NACK to Node-B on HS-DPCCH

UE available Tx power fordimensioning UL service i diminishes

MAPL diminishes

++

+=

∆

222

22

0

log10hsd c

d c

Target

b

N E

UL

β β β

β β

Handled in the UL linkbudget as an increase in

UL Eb/N0 Target (Vs. w/o

HS-DPCCH case):


8/35



MAPL Calculation (3/3: HSUPA)

MAPL MAPL Calculation (HSUPA)Calculation (HSUPA)

Cell Range definition:

R’99: Cell Range derived assuming a specific UL R’99 dimensioning service i

HSUPA: Cell Range may be derived assuming either:

– a specific UL R’99 dimensioning service i

– a specific E-DCH user throughput at cell edge r

HSUPA Ec/N0 according to E-DCH user throughput at cell edge r :

)()( 0 i N E

NoiseThermal NodeBi ySensitivit NodeB Target c

+=

1. For several E-TFCs, E-DPDCHs Ec/N0 is

given by L1 curves:

E-DPDCHs Ec/N0

E - D C H

U s e r T h r o u g h

p u t

2. For each E-TFC, HSUPA Ec/N0 is derived

from E-DPDCHs Ec/N0 :

3. Criterion for choice of E-TFC:

E-TFC giving best Ec/N0E-TFC giving best BLER 1Tx

0

2

22222

0

N E

DPDCHs E

n

n

N E

HSUPA

c

ed ed

hscd eced ed

Target

c

×

⋅

++++⋅=

β

β β β β β

r

or


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Shadowing Margin

Shadowing MarginShadowing Margin

Aim: Compensation of Shadowing, i.e. variation in signal strength due to obstaclesmodeled by a Log-Normal law, for mobiles close to cell edge.

Value computed so that UL service i can be statistically offered within AR% of cell

area ( AR: Area Reliability).

Calculation Method:

1. Assumption on Log-Normal law Stand. Dev. :

2. Jakes Formula for Soft Handover with 2 servers (R’99)Inputs: σ Shad , AR, Attenuation Exponent, Correlation coeff. between Shadowing of the 2 legs

HSUPA-specific: Jakes Formula for 2 servers without SHO

(SHO not supported in Alcatel-Lucent UA5.0 Release)

22nPenetratio Indoor Outdoor Shad Shad σ σ σ +=

U E M a x .

T x P o w e r

BodyLoss BTS

Antenna

Gain

PenetrationLoss

N


(

d e p e n

d s o n

U L s

e r v

i c e

i

)


ShadowingMargin

ShadowingMargin


CablesLoss

Fast FadingMargin


10/35



Fast Fading Margin

Fast Fading MarginFast Fading Margin

Aim: Compensation of Fast Fading, i.e. variation in signal strength due tomulti-path Rayleigh channel profile, for a mobile close to cell edge.

Value computed so that a mobile at cell edge can do efficient Power Control,

i.e. combat the Fast Fading.

Calculation Method:

Currently, same calculation method for R’99 and HSUPA

U E M a x .

T x P o w e r

BodyLoss BTS

Antenna

Gain

PenetrationLoss

N


(

d e p e n

d s o n

U L s

e r v

i c e

i

)


ShadowingMargin


CablesLoss

Fast FadingMargin

Fast FadingMargin

( ) ( )OnTPC N

E ULOff TPC

N E

UL MarginFadingFast Target

b

Target

b =−==00


11/35



Uplink Interference Margin (1/2)

Uplink Interference MarginUplink Interference Margin

Aim: Compensation of interference generated by other mobiles on the uplink.Value computed for each UL service i so that i transmitted by a mobile can be

received at Node-B with sufficient SINR even at maximum UL Cell Load .

Calculation Method: )()(. i Rise NoiseULUser Rise NoiseULTotali Margin Interf UL −=

−=

∆

Load CellUL NoiseThermal BTS

ce InterferenULTotal

1

1

NoiseThermal BTS

Power RxUser

( )[ ]).(.)(1log10)(. iP RxUser Interf ULTotaliPower RxUser NRULTotali Margin Interf UL dBdB −+−=

+−= )(1log10)(

0

i N

E Rise NoiseULTotali Margince InterferenUL

Target

cdBdB

U E M a x .

T x P o w e r

BodyLoss BTS

Antenna

Gain

PenetrationLoss

N


(

d e p e n

d s o n

U L s e r v

i c e

i

)


ShadowingMargin

Uplink Interference

Margin


CablesLoss

Fast FadingMargin


12/35



Uplink Interference Margin (2/2)

Reminder:

Total UL Noise Rise value setting in the link budget:

Set to the maximum allowed value: Max. UL Noise Rise

Set according to an iterative process:

Functional point between {Cell Range = UL Link Budget( Total UL NR )} and

{Total UL NR = Traffic ModelTraffic Model( Cell Range )}

Total UL Noise Rise


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Cell Range Calculation

Cell RangeCell Range Calculation basing onCalculation basing on MAPL MAPL

Relationship Cell Range ↔ MAPL:

2100 MHz: COST-Hata propagation model

900 MHz:Okumura-Hata

propagation model

Site Coverage for 3-sector case (surface covered by 1 Node-B):

]dB[.])m[log(])m[.log(55.69.44(

][..])m[.log(82.13])MHz[log(9.333.46]dB[

Factor Corr t Environmenk d Height Ant BTS

dBFactor Corr Height Ant UE Height Ant BTS f LossPath

+⋅−+

−−+=

]dB[.])m[log(])m[.log(55.69.44(

][..])m[.log(82.13])MHz[log(16.2655.69]dB[

Factor Corr t Environmenk d Height Ant BTS

dBFactor Corr Height Ant UE Height Ant BTS f LossPath

+⋅−+

−−+=

U E M a x .

T x P o w e r

BodyLoss BTS

Antenna

Gain

PenetrationLoss

N


(

d e p e n

d s o n

U L s e r v

i c e

i

)



ShadowingMargin


CablesLoss

Fast FadingMargin

22

3 ]km[

8

39]km[ RangeCellCoverageSite Sectors ×=


14/35



Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) Benefits and Drawbacks

TMA Aim: Reduce the impact of Cables Loss in the UL ⇒ increase Cell Range

TMA handling in Alcatel-Lucent link budget:

UL:

Cables Loss = 0.4dB (jumper before TMA),

Friis Formula for the Noise Figure of {TMA, cables after TMA, BTS}

DL: +0.8dB on Cables Loss compared to without TMA case

(1 additional jumper + TMA insertion loss)

BTSAntenna

Gain

Cables Loss

Without TMA

N o

d e - B

S e n s

i t i v

i t y

BTSAntenna

Gain

Cables Losswith TMA

With TMA

N o

d e - B

S e n s

i t i v

i t yTMA impact

on the UL:

Simplifiedvision


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Cell Range Comparisons (1/2)

Dense Urban Environment

Main Assumptions:

Channel Profile = “Pedestrian A 3km/h”

HS-DPCCH impact included in UL R’99 services Eb/N0

E-TFC chosen according to best Ec

/N0

criterion

Penetration Loss = 18dB, Hata Env. Corr. Factor = 0dB, TMA = On

UE Max. Tx Power = 21dBm for all services (conservative)

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Max. UL Noise Rise [dB]

C

e l l R a n g e [ k m ]

DCH 128

E-DCH 128DCH 384E-DCH 384E-DCH 1024


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Cell Range Comparisons (2/2)

Suburban Environment

Main Assumptions:


HS-DPCCH impact included in UL R’99 services Eb/N0

E-TFC chosen according to best Ec

/N0

criterion

Penetration Loss=10dB, Hata Env. Corr. Factor = -12dB, TMA = On

UE Max. Tx Power = 21dBm for all services (conservative)

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Max. UL Noise Rise [dB]

C

e l l R a n g e [ k m ]

DCH 128

E-DCH 128DCH 384E-DCH 384E-DCH 1024


17/35


Agenda





18/35


2UMTS Downlink Link Budget

Methodology, Impact of HSUPA DL channels


19/35


Downlink Link Budget Methodology (1/3)

Downlink Maximum Air Path Loss Calculation

Downlink Maximum Air Path LossDownlink Maximum Air Path Loss

DL air interface path loss at the cell edge,i.e. for Cell Range derived from UL link budget

Aim: used to derive Downlink Maximum Total Path Loss

Calculation Method: COST-Hata-1( Cell Range, DL f )

≡ MAPL + Frequency Shift( DL f – UL f )

Depends on:

R’99: UL R’99 dimensioning service i

HSUPA: i or specific E-DCH user throughput at cell edge r

BTS Ant. Gain DL Max. TotalPath LossCables Loss

DL Max. Air

Path Loss

DL Max. AirPath Loss

PenetrationLoss

ShadowingMargin Fast FadingMargin R

e q u

i r e d D L

U s e r

T x P o w e r

( d e p e

n d s o n

D L s e r v

i c e

j

)Body Loss

U E S e n s i t i v i t y

( d e p e

n d s o n

D L s e r v

i c

e j

)


20/35



Downlink Maximum Total Path Loss Calculation

Downlink Maximum Total Path LossDownlink Maximum Total Path Loss

DL total path loss at the cell edge, from BTS PA to UE

Aim: used to derive Required DL User Tx Power , HSDPA throughput…

Calculation Method:

Remark: DL Max. Total PL does not take into account any DL interference margin.

Indeed, DL interferences are directly taken into account in

the following formula giving Required DL User Tx Power .

BTS Ant. GainDL Max. Total

Path Loss

DL Max. TotalPath LossCables Loss


PenetrationLoss


e q u

i r e d D L

U s e r

T x P o w e r

( d e p e

n d s o n

D L s e

r v i c e

j

)Body Loss

U E S e n s i t i v i t y

( d e p e

n d s o n

D L s e r v

i c

e j

)

MarginFadingFast MarginShadowing

Loss Body LossPeneGain Ant BTS LossCable

PL Air Max DLPLTotal Max DL

++

++−+

=

..

..


21/35



Required Downlink User Tx Power

Required Downlink UserRequired Downlink User Tx Tx Power Power

Required transmit power at BTS PA so that DL R’99 service j can be received withsufficient SINR by a mobile at cell edge.

Allows to know if DL coverage can be assured at cell edge for service j,

by comparing with maxDlTxPower ( j), i.e. max. power allowable for j per user.

Calculation Method:

BTS Ant. Gain DL Max. TotalPath LossCables Loss


PenetrationLoss


e q u i r e d D L

U s e r T x P o w e r

R e q u

i r e d D L

U s e r

T x P o w e r

( d e p e

n d s o n

D L s e

r v i c e

j

)Body Loss

U E S

e n s i t i v i t y

( d e p e

n d s o n

D L s e r v

i c

e j

)

1

0

)(

..)(

)(.−

+

×+×+

=

j N

E DLOF

PLTotal Max DL NoiseThUE PAOF Ii

Ie DL

jPower TxUser DL Req

Target

c

edgecell

Ii : Intra-cell interference(before despreading, includes own signal)

OVSF CodesOrthogonality Factor(depends on channelprofile)

Ie : Extra-cell interference


22/35


Power Available for HSDPA (1/2)

Computation Method in UA5.0 Release, for Shared Carrier scenario

Power Available for HSDPAPower Available for HSDPA (HS-DSCH+HS-SCCH, all HSDPA users in cell)

Computation Method in UA5.0 Release:

Tx Power for each common control channel: set relatively to CPICH Tx Power CPICH Tx Power : set according to CPICH E c/I0 Target , Cell Range,

Area Reliability, environment parameters

P. HSUPA : room power reserved for HSUPA DL channels. Constant, tunable.

P. Non HSDPA : transmit power for non-HSDPA traffic, i.e. R’99 traffic,common control channels and HSUPA downlink channels.

Updated within Node-B every 100ms.

DCH Margin: room power for DCH used to prevent fast increase of DCH power

due to Power Control. Proportional to (P. Non HSDPA – CPICH Tx Power )

{ } Margin DCH HSDPA NonPPA HSUPAPCCC P MarginSHOPA

HSDPA for AvailablePower DL

−−−−−= .,..Min

RNC view Node-B view


23/35


Power Available for HSDPA (2/2)

Impact of HSUPA Downlink Channels

Power for HSUPA Downlink Channels – Link Budget model:

DL HSUPA Tx Power is assumed constant:

α αα α E-AGCH : coefficient (0~1) chosen according to supposed amount of HSUPA traffic.

Assumption: only 1 absolute grant sent at one time.

Default value in Link Budget: 1

E-AGCH Tx Power : Tx power for 1 E-AGCH channel.

UTRAN default value: CPICH Tx Power - 2.5dB

nE-HICH : Average number of signatures used on E-HICH

Default value in Link Budget: 2

E-HICH Tx Power : Tx power per signature of E-HICH.

E-HICH channel Tx power is proportional to #signatures used.

UTRAN default value: CPICH Tx Power – 18.6dB

Power Tx HICH E nPower Tx AGCH E Power Tx HSUPA DL HICH E AGCH E ×+×=α

E-RGCH notsupported inUA5.0


24/35


Agenda





25/35


3Capacity and Throughput Calculation Basics

Method presented: calculation via formulas/static simulation


26/35


Pole Capacity:

Maximum theoretical number of active users on the UL supported per cell,

when no limit on UE Max. Tx Power and Max. UL Noise Rise

UL Cell Capacity:

Max. # active users on the UL supported per cell

(all using same UL service i)

Uplink Capacity Calculation (1/2)

Mono Service

ULie

i

I I

I FR

+=

⋅

+=

SHOTarget

c

Pole

Gi N

E ULi AF

FRi N

)()(

1)(

0

Load CellULi N iCapacityCellUL Pole ⋅= )()(

Frequency Reuse Efficiency

Soft Handover Gain on capacity(not considered for HSUPA)channel Activity Factor(only for Speech service)

Assumed equal to themaximum allowed value, i.e.1-1 / Max UL Noise Rise

or

Set according to an iterativeprocess, thanks toTraffic ModelTraffic Model

May also be Ec/N0Target for E-DCHwith a specificthroughput r


27/35


UL Cell Capacity in Traffic Mix:

Maximum number of users (including non-active users) on the UL

supported per cell, assuming a specific Call Profile

Uplink Capacity Calculation (2/2)

Traffic Mix

∑=

=servicesUL

i Pole

UL

i N

i

Load CellUL MixTrafficinCapacityCellUL

#

1 )(

)(α

Average user throughput inBusy Hour for UL service i as given in the Call Profile

∑=

=servicesUL

k

UL

i R

k throughput CP

i R

ithroughput CP

i#

1 )(

)(

)(

)(

)(α Rate for service i (e.g. 64kbps for CS64)

Formula mayaccount forsome ULservicesdefined as

E-DCH with aspecificthroughput r


28/35


Asymptotic Capacity:

Maximum theoretical number of active users on the DL supported per cell,

when no limit on BTS Power Amplifier (all using same DL service j)

DL Cell Capacity in Traffic Mix:

(HSDPA traffic not present, analytic calculation)

Max. #active users on the DL supported per cell

Dowlink Capacity Calculation

OF Ii

Ie DL

Gi N

E DLOF

i AF j N

mean

SHOTarget

c

Asymp

+

+

+=

−1

0

)(

)(

1)(

OF Ii

Ie DL

PLTotal Mean DL NoiseThUE PA

Power TxCCC PA

mean

+

×+

−

.

∑=

=services DL

j Asymp

DL

j N

j

Load Cell DL MixTrafficinCapacityCell DL

#

1 )(

)(α


29/35


Power Available

for HS-DSCH

HS-DSCHRx Ec/N0

DistanceServing Node-B↔↔↔↔UE

HSDPA UE

Category

HSDPA UserThroughput

CQIreported

HSDPA Throughput Computation via Static Simulation (1/2)

UE SpeedChannel

Profile

DL TotalPath Loss

Shadowing at UE

BTS Ant. Diagram

HSDPA User ThroughputHSDPA User Throughput Map Computation via Static SimulationMap Computation via Static Simulation

1. Generate DL Total Path Loss map for each cell.

For each location {x,y} , find the serving cell.

2. Calculate Power Available for HS-DSCH

For each location {x,y} :

3. Calculate HS-DSCH Rx Ec/N0

4. Calculate CQI reported by the mobile

5. Calculate HSDPA User Throughput

[ ]),,(Min)ˆ,,(

,ˆ),(

c y xPLc y xPL

c y xCellServing

=

=

a)

b) Estimate and subtract HS-SCCH Tx Power

−−

−−−=

Margin DCH HSDPA NonPPA

HSUPAPCCC P MarginSHOPA

HSDPA for AvailablePower DL

.

,..Min


30/35


Power Available

for HS-DSCH

HS-DSCHRx Ec/N0


HSDPA UE

Category



CQIreported

CQIreported

HSDPA Throughput Computation via Static Simulation (2/2)

UE SpeedChannel

Profile

DL TotalPath Loss

Shadowing at UE

BTS Ant. Diagram

HSDPA User ThroughputHSDPA User Throughput Map Computation via Static SimulationMap Computation via Static Simulation

4. Calculate CQI reported by the mobile:

5. Calculate HSDPA User Throughput:

[dB]0 N

E Rx DSCH HS reported CQI cspeed += β

13.3120 km/h14.350 km/h

15.53 km/h

β ββ β speed

UE Speed

3

2# HS-PDSCH(s)

QPSK

QPSK

Modulation

432 kbps31262 b10

288 kbps2931 b9

RLC Throughput# MAC-hs PDU(s)

per TB

Transport

Block SizeCQI

C Q I T a b l e f o r

U E C a t e g o r y 6

…

…

Derived from TBS, MAC-d PDU size (=336b),MAC-hs header size (21b)

Derived assumingBLER 1Tx=10%


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UL Noise Rise

Available foruser

E-DCHRx Ec/N0


HSDPA UECategory

E-DCH UserThroughput

E-TFC

HSUPA Throughput Computation via Static Simulation

UE Speed

Max. ULNoise Rise(totalRotMax )

UL TotalPath Loss

Shadowing at UE

BTS Ant. Diagram

HSUPA User ThroughputHSUPA User Throughput Map Computation via Static SimulationMap Computation via Static Simulation

1. Generate UL Total Path Loss map for each cell.For each location {x,y} , find the serving cell.

2. Calculate UL Noise Rise Available for User

For each location {x,y} :

3. Calculate E-DCH Rx Ec/N0

4. Derive E-TFC

5. Calculate E-DCH User Throughput

ChannelProfile

usersother Rise NoiseUL

xtotalRotMa

−

E-DPDCHs Ec/N0

E - D C H

U s e r T h r o u g

h p u t


32/35


HSUPA Throughput Computation via Static Simulation (1/2)

User Throughput Map

Main Assumptions:

HSUPA dedicated carrier (no R’99 UL traffic)


Penetration Loss = 18dB, Hata Env. Corr. Factor= 0dB, TMA = On

Shadowing standard deviation = 8dB

UE: Max. Tx Power = 21dBm, HSUPA Category 3

Cell

Range:+20%

Cell Rangedimensionedon E-DCH 128


33/35


HSUPA Throughput Computation via Static Simulation (2/2)

User Throughput Vs. Distance from Site

Main Assumptions:

Shared carrier R’99/HSUPA


Penetration Loss = 18dB, Hata Env. Corr. Factor= 0dB, TMA = On

Shadowing standard deviation = 8dB

UE: Max. Tx Power = 21dBm, HSUPA Category 3

•0 •100 •200 •300 •400 •500 •600•700

•800

•900

•1000

•1100

•1200

•1300

•Distance from Serving NodeB [m]

• E - D

C H

M A C - e

U s e r

T h r o

u g

h p u

t [ k b p s

] •

R’99 UL Cell Load = 50% * Max. UL Cell Load

No R’99 UL traffic

Cell Range = 450m

Cell Range = 540m

Cell Range: +20%


34/35


Presentation Summary

UMTS Link Budget methodology:

Uplink: Cell Range derivation based on specific UL dimensioning service

Downlink:

Calculation for each DL service of required power necessary to reach cell edge

Comparison with maximum allowed power for this DL service

UMTS Link Budget tool usage:

Main objective: derive Cell Range assuming a dimensioning UL service

Other features: UL and DL Capacity calculation via formulas

Gives an idea of capacity without running any simulation

Gives inputs for Radio Dimensioning and Cell Planning

Used to study impact of features on RF aspects


35/35


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