7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 1/26
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 2/26
• geology⇔ seismic• Geotechnical⇔ seismic
• Seismo-electric method• Seismic-gravity-magnetics integration
• NDT using ultrasonic reflectionmeasurements
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 3/26
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 4/26
Dept of receivers is known
-> accurate Velocity-depth -Model
Travel times are less:
-> Less attenuation
-> Improved resolution
Improved distinguishing of
Primaries and multiples
Direct measurement of the waveform-> Improved deconvolution
Advantages of VSP
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 5/26
Geophone
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 6/26
Source
Receiver
Upgoing waves:
Primary refl. from interface 1Primary refl. from interface 2Primary refl. from interface 3
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 7/26
Downgoing waves removed
by kf-filtering
Time shifting of the
traces with the upholetime
Stacked seismo-
gram from sha-ded corridor
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 8/26
Comparison between VSP and surface profiling data
Corridor stack of the zero offset
VSP section, Reproduced 8
times
Conventional seismic section based on surface profiling data
from the vicinity of the borehole
site
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 9/26
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 10/26
Crosshole tomography example
(Grimsel by H.R. Maurer)
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 11/26
Geological boundaries and their seismic reflections (Verhelst, 2000)
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 12/26
0
8
4
12
20
16
24
32
28
0
8
4
12
20
16
24
571 601 631 661 691
6.5 m
D i e
p t e
( m )
S-wave seismologyGeo-
technical
712 0 20 40
Integration of seismic and geotechnical measurements (Ghose, 2000)
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 13/26
De seismo-electrical method (Thompson en Gist, 1993)
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 14/26
Acquisition Acquisition
SeismicSeismic--GravityGravity--MagneticsMagnetics
IntegrationIntegration
InterpretationInterpretation
33--D Bouguer GravityD Bouguer Gravity
Salt and Sediment DefinedSalt and Sediment Defined
Top & Base of SaltTop & Base of Salt
MultiMulti--LevelLevel Aeromagnetics Aeromagnetics
Potential Fields Technology
enhancing streamer data
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 15/26
fiber-metal laminates
GLARE
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 16/26
High frequency sound 30-110 kHz
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 17/26
Sonograph showing linear sand waves in the southern North sea
Keary and Brooks
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 18/26
(Example British Geological Survey - BGS)
Sidescan sonar data
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 19/26
Three-dimensional imaging of
Multi-component ground penetrating radar data
J. van der Kruk
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 20/26
Tijd
(ns)
Afstand (m)0 175
Center frequency: 900 MHz
Identification of different asphalt layers
B OB OB OB OB O B OB O
Bridge Foundation
Estimation of thickness of asphalt on highway 16
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 21/26
Center frequency: 450 MHz
Detection of metal pipes
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 22/26
y
x
Source direction
x
y R
e c e
i v e r
d i r e
c t i o
n
yx
Multi-component measurements
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 23/26
Measured data:
Time
Reality:
χ(xc) ???
xc
Object:
x
Depth
Measurement
Obtained image:
Imaging
Multi-component Imaging Algoritm:
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 24/26
Reality: ??
Measurements
Experimental results
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 25/26
Imaging
Measured data:
7/30/2019 21 Related Methods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/21-related-methods 26/26
Obtained image of the subsurface: