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2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution....

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Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399
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Page 1: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.

Today’s Objective:

Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399

Page 2: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

Darwin and Natural Selection• Charles Darwin (1809- 1882)

He was an English scientist and it took him years to develop his theory of evolution.

• He began in 1831 at age 22 when he took a job as a naturalist on the English ship HMS Beagle, which sailed around the world on a five-year scientific journey.

Page 3: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.
Page 4: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• As the ship’s naturalist, Darwin studied and collected biological and fossil specimens at every port along the route.

• The specimens were quite diverse, and he became curious about possible relationships among species.

Darwin and Natural Selection

Page 5: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with ideal traits is

called artificial selection.

(Intentional breeding for certain traits)

A Goldendoodle

(Golden retriever/ Poodle)

Mendel and the pea plants

Who have we studied that

bred organisms through artificial

selection?

Page 6: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Darwin observed that in nature, the traits of individuals vary in populations.

• Variations are then inherited.

• Darwin hypothesized that there was a force in nature that picked which traits are better for survival in a species.

Darwin and Natural Selection

Page 7: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• On the Galápagos Islands, Darwin studied many species of animals and plants that are unique to the islands but similar to species elsewhere.

• These observations led Darwin to consider the possibility that species can change over time.

Darwin and Natural Selection

Page 8: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• He realized that individuals struggle to compete in changing environmental conditions.

• What do individuals compete for?

• Only some individuals survive the competition and live to produce offspring.

Darwin and Natural Selection

Page 9: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Natural selection is the idea that organisms with favorable variations survive, reproduce, and pass their variations to the next generation.

• Organisms without these variations are less likely to survive and reproduce.

Darwin and Natural Selection

Page 10: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Darwin proposed the idea of natural selection to explain how species change over time.

1.In nature, organisms produce more offspring than can survive.

Darwin and Natural Selection

Page 11: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

2. In any population, individuals have variations.

• Fish, for example, may differ in color, size, and speed.

Darwin and Natural Selection

Page 12: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

3. Individuals with certain useful variations, such as speed, survive in their environment, passing those variations to the next generation.

• Whereas slower individuals would not survive to reproduce.

Darwin and Natural Selection

Page 13: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

4. Over time, offspring with FAVORABLE variations make up most of the population.

• The allele for the unfavorable variation may cease to exist.

Darwin and Natural Selection

Page 14: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

Why do you think more and more bad bacteria (like the kind that cause sinus infections) are becoming

resistant to anti-biotics?

How do you think natural selection will affect this species

of moth? (both the same species, just

have variations)

Page 15: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

Question 1What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?

Page 16: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

Natural Selection:

Nature’s way of making sure the best traits live on….

“Survival of the fittest”

Page 17: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Recall that an adaptation is any variation that aids an organism’s chances of survival in its environment.

• Examples are:

Thorns on plants

Special colorings for an organism

Enhanced night vision

ADAPTATIONS

Page 18: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• The ancestors of today’s common mole-rats looked

similar to this….

• Learning about adaptations in mole-rats can help you understand how natural selection has affected them.

ADAPTATIONS

Page 19: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Some ancestral rats may have avoided predators better than others because of variations such as the

size of teeth and claws.

Page 20: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Ancestral rats that survived passed their variations to offspring.

• The structural adaptations of common mole rats include large teeth and long claws.

• These body parts enable them to dig tunnels and defend against predators.

Page 21: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Over time, natural selection produced modern mole-rats.

• Their blindness may have evolved because vision had no survival advantage for them.

Page 22: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

Then Now

Page 23: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Some other structural adaptations are subtle.

• Mimicry is a structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species.

ADAPTATIONS

• In one form of mimicry, a harmless species has adaptations that result in a physical resemblance to a harmful species.

Page 24: 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Identify natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 393 - 399.

• Another subtle adaptation is camouflage, an adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings.

• Because well-camouflaged organisms are not easily found by predators, they survive to reproduce.

ADAPTATIONS


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