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04/10/23 1Engineering & Technology Management Group
Will We Still Be Talking AboutKnowledge Management in 2025?
Mr. Gerald Steeman, Technical Information TC Library and Information Services Branch
Office of the Chief Information OfficerNASA Langley Research Center
Eng
inee
ring
Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
SystemsEngineering
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
Economics
LogisticsSupply Chain
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
12/1/2005 Page 2Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
• Knowledge and Knowledge Management• Explicit and Tacit Knowledge• Getting and Defining Value • Industry and Government Perspectives • Today’s Human Capital Drivers – Tomorrow’s
Need For KM • The Aerospace Sector: Poised for KM?• First Steps Toward the Year 2025
Outline
12/1/2005 Page 3Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
What is Knowledge?
Data
Information
Knowledge
Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom
Adapted from: Managing Knowledge @work by Federal CIO Council
Data + Context : Information is data that are organized, grouped, and/or categorized.; Information moves around organizations (Ex: Technical Report outlining data errors and new instrumentation design)
=
Unorganized Facts; data are sets of discrete facts; Data reside in a fixed place (Ex: unanalyzed feed from atmospheric instruments)
=
=
Information + Interpretation/ judgment; Knowledge is familiarity, awareness or understanding gained through experience or study. It results from making comparisons, identifying consequences and making contentions. Knowledge also includes judgment and rules of thumb developed over the time through trial and error (Ex: development of new technology for better data collection )
Wisdom
Explicit = formal, documented knowledge recorded on any type of media
Tacit = personal “know how” that is often difficult to articulate in documented form
12/1/2005 Page 4Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
Some Definitions of KM
• Knowledge management…– …includes not only the acquisition, accumulation, and
utilization of existing knowledge, but also the creation of new knowledge (Nonaka & Takeuchi, Knowledge-creating company, 1995)
– …is the management discipline that focuses on improving the means by which individual and collectively-held knowledge is produced and integrated in organizations (McElroy, http://dir.jayde.com/profile10078843.html, @2000)
– … is getting the right information to the right people at the right time, and helping people create knowledge and share and act upon information in ways that will measurably improve the performance of NASA and its partners. (KM at NASA)
12/1/2005 Page 5Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
A Short Definition
Hire good people and let them talk to each other.
Attributed to Larry Prusak
Full timePart time
ContractorConsultant
RehireRetain
Evaluation tools;
Matching needs with skills base
In person;Groups;
Across time and space;
Explicit and Tacit
Create opportunities;
Remove obstacles
Diversity of thought;Get hires
from different
backgrounds
All employees, no pre-set
groups
Employers should commit to what follows
the “and.”
Across the organization; cross-fertilization of ideas
“Talk to” not “Talk at”; Promote
exchanges of information
and development
of ideas
12/1/2005 Page 6Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
Explicit Knowledge
Formally documented knowledge– Books, technical reports, journal articles and conferences, proceedings,
newspapers, trade publications, standards and specifications, engineering drawings, employee directories, market and financial data, product information
Collect Filter Analyze
Knowledge creation process
Knowledge
JRC
12/1/2005 Page 7Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
Enablers of Explicit Knowledge
Growth of Internet Semantic Web
Taxonomies Non-Text Web Search
&
Retrieval
12/1/2005 Page 8Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
Tacit Knowledge
• Employee knowledge, expertise, and experiences - not formally documented
• Cross-industry surveys report almost 75% of corporate knowledge is tacit knowledge*
* Source: “Knowledge Management: Assessing Your Corporate Knowledge,” Mimi Ho, CIO.com, http://www2.cio.com/analyst/report2436.html
People
JRC
12/1/2005 Page 9Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
Enablers of Tacit Knowledge
Collaboration and Expert Locator Technologies
Retaining the Retired
Corporate Universities
“It will not be long before corporations will be compelled to
open and operate their own school in order to train own workers.”
-- The Futurist (Sep-Oct 2003)
Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Agents
Ramona - http://www.kurzweilai.net/
12/1/2005 Page 10Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
• Value =
• Organizations must be able to assign a commodity value to knowledge they produce and retain.
– Intellectual capital indices – Skandia Navigator• Annual visualization of corporate intellectual capital
– Measuring business outcomes – 3M Example• “15%-rule” measured by involvement, improvement, and outcome
– Balance Scorecard - APQC framework• Financial, Customer, Internal, and Innovation & Learning scores
Getting and Defining Value
12/1/2005 Page 11Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
Industry and Government Perspectives
Industry Government
Effective Knowledge Management
Greater Profits Reduced Taxes
Vibrant Economy
Partnerships
12/1/2005 Page 12Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
Today’s Human Capital Drivers – Tomorrow’s Need For KM
Derived from: National Science Board, Nation Science Foundation information
Given these trends, the population of future engineers and scientists will need the type of knowledge collection and transfer KM promotes
Enr
ollm
ents
Doc
tora
tes
Ear
ned
Late 1980s 2000
Engineering Undergraduates down 20%Engineering Graduate Students down 18.5%Science Graduate Students downturn
Engineering declined by 15%Physics declined by 22%
Aerospace Graduate Students down 15.5%
12/1/2005 Page 13Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
The Aerospace Sector: Poised for KM?
• Three questions:– Is your organization losing people to
retirement?– Is your organization trying to hire skilled
employees?– Does your organization have an Information
Technology and Data Management infrastructure where intellectual capital resides?
12/1/2005 Page 14Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
= 6 nodes
= 12 lines of communications
= 24 input/output connections
KM as the Connections Between People
= 10 nodes
= 10 lines of communications
= 20 input/output connections
= 6 nodes
= 6 lines of communications
= 12 input/output connections
12/1/2005 Page 15Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
First Steps Toward the Year 2025
From http://km.nasa.gov
Hire good people and let them talk to each other.
12/1/2005 Page 16Engineering & Technology Management Group
Eng
inee
ring Technology
ManagementTracking the Constant of Change
ManagementHistory
Society Legal Aspects
LogisticsSupply Chain
SystemsEngineering
Economics
Risk
TechnicalInformation
MultidisciplineDesign
ProductDevelopment
Engineering & Technology Management Group
Questions on this Session?