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INDEX
Index Terms Links
A
Absorptivity 539
Gas 542
Advection 439
ASME code(s) 13
Analogy between fluid flow and electric
entities 98
Analytical correlations 473
See also
Correlations, and Heat transfer
coefficient
fully developed flows 475
hydrodynamically developing flows 499
laminar flow 475
simultaneously developing flow 507
thermally developing flows 502
Annular flow 916
Arithmetic mean 187
B
Baffle(s)
disk-and-doughnut 683
grid 682
impingement 684
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Baffle(s) (Cont .)
plate 682
rod 684
segmental 682 683
strip 683
Baffle geometry 588
Balances 116
cost 783
energy 779
energy 786
Balance equations 102 115 260
269 314 739
750
Bavex welded-plate 30
Bell-Delaware method 294 647
See also Heat
exchanger design methodology
correction factors 648 650
Bend lossescircular cross section 405
miter bends 409
rectangular cross section 409
Bhatti-Shah correlation 482
Biological fouling 869
Borda-Carnot equation 400
Boundary layers 426 432
inviscid region 435
momentum 426
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Boundary layers (Cont .)
temperature 428
thermal 428
thickness 429
velocity region 435
velocity 426
Brazed plate heat exchanger 30
Bulk temperature 439
C
Capital investment cost 791
Carryover leakages 360
cross bypass 360
pressure 360
side bypass 360
Chemical reaction fouling 868 892
See also
Fouling
Chen and Chiou correlation 483
Chisholm correlation 915
Chisholm parameter 914
Classification of heat exchanges 3
See also
Heat exchanger
construction features 12
flow arrangements 56
heat transfer mechanisms 73
multifluid 8
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Classification of heat exchanges (Cont .)
three-fluid 8
transfer process 3
two-fluid 8
Cleanlineas coefficient 881
Cleanliness factor 881
Cleaning strategies 892
See also Fouling
Circular fins on circular tubes 569
Colburn correlation 483
Colburn factor 447
uncertainty 459
Cold-gas flow period 311
Combined entrance region 436
Compact heat exchanger surfaces 711
general relationships 711
Composite curves 779
Controlling resistance 110
Convection 439forced 439
natural or free 439
Convection conductance ratio 320
Convection heat transfer 426 438 474
Core mass velocity 379
Core mass velocity equation 618 632
Core rotation 320
Core volume goodness factor comparisons 705
Correction factor 736
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Correlations 511
See also Heat transfer
coefficient
corrugated flat fins 521
crossed rod geometries 524
individually finned tubes 519
louver fins 516
mixed convection 536
offset strip fins 516
plain flat fins on a tube array 520
plate heat exchanger surfaces 514
plate-fin extended surfaces 515
regenerator surfaces 523
tube bundles 512
Corrosion 893
factors 894
Corrosion control 897
Corrosion fouling 868 892
Corrosion locations 895crevice 897
erosion 897
galvanic 895
pitting 896
selective leaching 897
stress 896
uniform (general) 895
Corrosion types 895
crevice 895
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Corrosion types (Cont .)
erosion 895
galvanic 895
pitting 895
stress 895
uniform 895
Corrugated fin 39
multilouver 39
offset strip 39
perforated 39
plain rectangular 39
plain triangular 39
wavy 39
Corrugated louver fin exchahger 580
Cost balance 791
Cost rate balance 776 783
Counterflow exchanger 122 125 126
136 190 748
temperature distribution 739 741 748Coupling 773
identical order 773
inverted order 773
Cross flow exchanger 61 62 129
749
both fluids unmixed 62 63
cross-counterflow
cross-parallelflow 66
energy balances 750
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Cross flow exchanger (Cont .)
face-U flow arrangement 65
identical order 63
mixing 61 62
models 751
multipass 65
one fluid unmixed 62
overall counterflow 65
over-and-under passes 65
parallel coupling 65
partically mixed 63
side-by-side passes 65
temperature difference fields 753
temperature distributions 749
Crystallization fouling 892
See also Fouling
D
Darcy friction factor 413
Dealuminumification 897
Delay period 872
Denickelification 897
Dezincification 897
DIM standards 13
Dimensionless axial distance 446 448
Dimensionless groups 441 443
table of 442
Dittus-Boelter correlation 482 484
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Divided-Flow exchanger 64
Double-blow method 468
Double-pipe heat exchangers 21
E
Echelon tube arrangement 566
Eckert number (Ec) 797
Effectiveness factor 736
Effectiveness (ε ) NTU formulas 114 128
comparison 341
table of 144
Emissivity 539
carbon dioxide 543
correction factor 541 543
water vapor 541
Energy balance 102 736
Energy rate balance 779 783
analysis 779
Enthalpy rate change 83 735 736
783
Entrance and exit losses 388
Entrance region 435
Entropy generation 756 757 759
762 763
finite temperature differences 756
fluid friction 762
fluid mixing 759
maximum 763
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Entropy generation analysis 776
Euler number 394 413
Exchanger arrays 164
Exergy 791
See also Irreversibility and
Entropy generation
analysis 786
available energy 756 776
destruction 788
losses 791
rate balance 776 786
Exhaustion coefficient 320
Extended surface efficiency 289
Extended surface exchangers 36 37 258
694
See also Fins
extended surfaces 258
flat fins on a tube array 698
individually finned tubes 698louver fins 696
offset strip fins 696
perforated fins 697
plain fin surfaces 695
primary surface 258
surface area 258
tube-fin surfaces 697
wavy fin surfaces 695
External flows 432
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F factors 190
Fanning friction factor 379 338 413
circular tubes 400
Film coefficient 429 440
Film temperature 530
Finned tube exchanger 41
Fins:
assumptions for the analysis 259 285
boundary conditions 262 265
energy balance 260
fin heat transfer 278
heat transfer rates 265
interrupted fins 38
multilouver 38
plain fins 38 277
plain triangular 277
plate 38
straight fin of uniform thickness 261
temperature distributions 265 266 274thin fin thermal behavior 259
total fin heat transfer 263
wavy 38
Fin density 37
Fin efficiency 258
circular fins 276 286
dimensionless groups 279
plate-fin 283
plate-fin surfaces 280
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Fin efficiency (Cont .)
rectangular straight fin 273
straight fins 276
tube-fin 283 286
Fin effectiveness 258 288
Fin frequency 37
First law of thermodynamics 735 776
Fixed-matrix regenerator 53
Flow arrangements 56
1–2 TEMA E 159
1–2 TEMA G 160
1–2 TEMA H 161
1–2 TEMA J 161
bi-directional 748
both fluids unmixed 62
counterflow 57
crossflow 60
cross-parallelflow 66
mixing 62multipass cross-counterflow 168
multipass cross-parallelflow 170
multipass exchangers 164
one fluid unmixed 62
paralleflow 58
parallel coupling 172
Plate heat exchanger 72
P-NTU formulas 144
P-NTU relationships 141
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Flow arrangements (Cont .)
series coupling. overall parallelflow 168
single-pass 57
tube-side multipass
two-pass 57
unidirectional 748
Flow friction characteristics 425
Flow instability with liquid coolers 837
Flow lengths 563
heat transfer and pressure drop
calculations 563
Flow maldistribution 809 834 843
844
geometry-induced 809
manifold-induced 834
mitigation 844
no flow instability present 843
operating condition-induced 809 837
viscosity-induced 837Flow maldistribution-induced instability 842
Flow nonuniformity, see Flow
maldistribution increase in
pressure drop 814
Flow regimes:
horizontal circular tubes 533
vertical circular tubes 535
Flow reversal symmetry 215 429
Flow types 429
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Flow types (Cont .)
external 432
fully, developed 435
hydrodynamically developing 435
imposed 429
internal 432
laminar 430 434
laminarization 431
periodic 432
reattachment 437
recirculation zone 438
recirculation 437
reverse transition 431
self-sustained 429
separation 437
simultaneously developing flow 436
steady 429
streamline 430
thermally developing 435transition 430 431
turbulent 430
unsteady 429
viscous 430
Fluid mean temperature(s) 601
approximate 602
arithmetic mean 604
counterflow and crossflow
heat exchangers 604
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Fluid mean temperature(s) (Cont .)
heat exchangers with C* = 0 603
multipass heat exchangers 604
Fluid pumping devices 380
blower 380
compressor 380
exhauster 380
fan 380
head 380
Fluid pumping power 379 438
Form drag 438
Fouling 863
aging of 874
cleaning strategies 892 893
combined maximums 869
compact exchangers 871
deposition and reentrainment models 877
diffusion 873
effect on heat transfer and pressure drip 863electrophoresis 873
empirical data 886
factor 107 866 875
gas-side 871 888
impact performance 882
inertial impaction 873
initiation of 872
Ken-Seaton correlation 880
liquid-side 870
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Fouling (Cont .)
mechanisms 867
mitigation of gas-side 892
mitigation of water side 891
modeling of 875
operating variables 871 872
phenomenological considerations 866
prevention and control of liquid-side 890
prevention and mitagation of 890
prevention and reduction of gas-side 891
removal of 874
removal resistance 876
resistance values 660
resistance 875 881 886
sequential events in 872
thermophoresis 873
time dependence 878
transport of 872
turbulent downsweeps 873unit thermal resistance 866
Free convection 532
superimposed 532
Freezing or solidification fouling 869
Friction factor 444 451
apparent Fanning 444
Darcy 445
Fanning 444 451
hot 451
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Friction factor (Cont .)
factor determination 471
Friction velocity 496
Friedel correlation 915
Froude number (Fr) 915 917
Fully developed laminar flow correlations 480
influence of specific variables 480
Fully developed region 435
G
Galvanic series 896
Gasketed plate heat exchangers 23
basic construction 23
Gas-to-gas heat exchangers 38
Geometrical characteristics 563
chevron plate geometry 597
circular fins on circular tubes 569
corrugated louver fin exchanger 580
inline arrangement 563
offset strip fin exchanger 574
plain flat fins on circular tubes 572
plate-fin surfaces 584
staggered arrangement 566
triangular passage regenerator 585
tube-fin exchangers 574
tubular heat exchangers 563
Gnielinski correlation 482 484
Gouy-Stodola theorem 787
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Graetz number (Gz) 448
Grashof number (Gr) 532
Gross flou maldistribution 810
counterflow and parallelflow exchangers 811
crossflow exchangers 817
mixed-unmixed crossflow exchanger 817
tube-side madldistribution 821
unmixed-unmixed crossflow
exchangers 819
Guy-Stodola theorem 756
H
Hagen number (Hg) 442 445 512
Harper-Brown approximation 286
Headers 846 848 849
counterflow 848
design 809 845
free discharge 848
normal 846 852
oblique-flow 848 849
parallelflow 848
turning 846
Header and manifold design 845
Heat capacitance 310
Heat capacity rate ratio 141
Heat capacity rate 310
Heat exchanger 1 3 216
See also
Classification of heat exchangers
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Heat exchanger (Cont .)
1-2 TEMA E 142
1-2 TEMA G 160
1-2 TEMA H 161
1-2 TEMA J 161
as a black box 736
as a component 738 801
as part of a system 737
compact heat exchanger 8 9
comparison of the analysis methods 207
control volumes 739
counterflow 57
cross counterflow 65
crossflow 60
design problems 216
designer controlled parameters 104
direct transfer type 14
direct-contact 7
energy balances 739extended-surface 12
epsilon (ε ) -NTU method 207 208
face-U flow arrangement 65
fluidized-bed 6
gas-liquid 8
gas-to-fluid 11
heat transfer elements 3
immiscible fluid 8
indirect transfer type 1
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indirect-contact 3
irreversibilities 755
laminar flow 9
liquid-coupled
liquid-to-liquid 12
liquid-vapor 8
meso heat exchanger 9
micro heat exchanger 9
modeling 738
MTD method 209
multipass cross-counterflow 168
multipass crossflow exchangers 65
multipass cross-parallel flow 66 170
multipass 64
number of shells in series 163
operating condition variables 104
overall counterflow 65
over-and-under passes 65
P1-P2 method 211 paralleflow 58
parallel coupling 65
performance 787
phase-change 12
P-NTU method 209
psi (ψ )-P-method 210
principal features 676
recuperators 1 4
sensible 1
series coupling 65
side-by-side passes 65
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Heat exchanger (Cont .)
single-pass 57 122
storage type 5
surface compactness 8
surface geometrical characteristics 563
surface heat exchanger 3
train 164
tubular 13
two-pass 57
Heat Exchanger Arrays 201
Heat exchanger design methodology 78
See also Heat exchanger
costing 90
exchanger specification 81
manufacturing considerations 90
mechanical design 87
optimum design 93
overview 78
problem specifications 79 process and design specification 79
thermal and hydraulic design methods 84
thermal and hydraulic design 83
trade-off factors 92
Heat exchanger design problems 84
design solution 85
performance problem 84
simulation problem 84
surface basic characteristics 85
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Heat exchanger design problems (Cont .)
surface geometrical properties 85
thermal design problems 84
thermophysical properties 85
Heat exchanger design procedures 601
Heat exchanger effectiveness 114 212 745
772
approximate methods 213
chain rule methodology 214
condenser 125
counterflow exchanger 125
epsilon (ε )-NTU formulas 128
evaporator 125
exact analytical methods 213
flow-reversal symmetry 215
heuristic approach 772
matrix formalism 214
nondimensional groups 117
numerical methods 213 paralleflow exchanger 129
solution methods 212
traditional meaning 745
true meaning 745
unmixed-unmixed crossflow exchanger 129 130
vs. efficiency 114
Heat exchanger ineffectiveness 238
Heat exchanger optimization 664 776
as a component 776
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Heat exchanger optimization (Cont .)
as part of a system 776
Heat exchanger selection 673
Heat exchanger selection criteria 674 723
cost evaluation basis 675 724
fouling and cleanability 675
operating pressures and temperatures 674
Heat exchanger surface selection
quantitative considerations 699
screening methods 700
Heat pipe heat exchangers 44
Heat transfer analysis 100 308
assumptions 100
assumptions for regenerator 308
Heat transfer characteristics 425
basic concepts 426
Heat transfer coefficient 105 429 440
647
adiabatic 441correction factor for baffle configuration 647
correction factor for baffle
leakage effects 647
correction factor for bypass 647
correction factor for larger baffle spacing 647
correction factor in laminar flows 647
correction factor streams 647
mean 105
shell-side 647
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Heat transfer correlations 916 917
condensation in horizontal tubes 916
vaporization 917
Heat transfer rate equation 83 103
Heat transfer surface 3
extended 3
indirect 3
primary or direct 3
secondary 3
uniform distribution 740
Heat transfer surface area density 311
Heat wheel 51
Hot-gas flow period 311
Hydraulic diameter 9 312 384
441
window section 394
Hydraulic radius 384
Hydrodynamic entrance length 435 499
Hydrodynamic entrance region 435
I
Incremental pressure drop number 445
Inlet temperature difference 105
Inline array 568
Irreversibility 755 756 763
796
cost of 786
design parameter 758
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Irreversibility (Cont .)
energy measure of 792 794
entropy measure 757
K
Kandlikar correlation 917
Kays and London technique 451
experimental procedure 451
theoretical analysis 452
L
Lambda (Λ)-Pi (II) method 339
Lamella heat exchangers 33
Laminar flow 427 430
fully developed 436
velocity profile 427
Laplace transforms method 742
Length effect 244 249
correction factor 250
Leveque number (Lq) 443 448 514
Limitations of j vs. Re plot 510
Liquid cooling 841
Liquid-coupled exchangers 911
Liquid metal heat exchangers 233
Ljungstrom 51 361Lockhart-Martinelli correlation 915
See also
Two-phase pressure drop correlation
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Log-mean average temperature 453
Log-means average temperature 186
Log-mean temperature 758
Log-Mean temperature difference correction
factor F 187
counterflow exchanger 190
counterflow exchanger 190
heat exchanger arrays 201
parallelflow exchanger 191
Longitudinal conduction parameter 235
Longitudinal wall heat conduction 232
crossflow exchanger 239
exchangers with C* = 0 236
multipass exchangers 239
single-pass counterflow exchanger 236
single-pass parallelflow exchanger 239
Louver pitch 696
Louver with 696
Low-Reynolds-number turbulent flows 432
M
Macrobial fouling 869
Manifold-induced flow maldistribution 834
Manifolds 852
combining-flow 834 847
design guidelines 836
dividing-flow 834 847
parallel-and reverse-flow systems 835
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Manifolds (Cont .)
S-flow 835
U-flow 835
2-flow 835
Martinelli parameter 914
Mass velocity equation 619
Material coefficient 881
Materials for noncorrosive and corrosive
service 679
Matrix heat exchanger 38
Mean beam length 540
Mean overall heat transfer coefficient 245 247
area average 245
temperature and length effects 247
Mean specific volume 384
Mean temperature difference 11 97 105
187
Mean temperature difference method 186
Mean temperatures 439Mean velocity 439
dependence of heat transfer coefficient 509
dependence of pressure drop 509
Microbial fouling 869
Microchannels 698
Microfin heat exchanger 37
Miter bends 409
Mitigation of flow maldistribution 844
shell-and-tube heat exchangers 845
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Modeling of a heat exchange 735
Molecular diffusion 430
Moody diagram 399
Multipass crossflow exchangers 164
Multipass exchangers 164
compound coupling 181
parallel coupling 172
plate exchangers 185
series coupling: overall counterflow 164 168
Multipassing 56
Munter wheel 51
N
Newton’s law of cooling 440
Newton’s second law of motion 383
Noflow height 61 281
Nominal passage geometry 824
Normal-flow headers 852
Number of transfer units 119 319
NTU vs. ε and C f* 131
Nusselt number (Nu) 442 446
O
Oblique-flow header 848
Offset strip fin(s) 574Operating cost 785 786
Operating expenses 791
Overall energy balance 115
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Overall heat transfer coefficient 11 244 319
combined effect 251
length effect 249
modified 319
nonuniform 244
step-by-step procedure 251
temperature effect 248
P
Packing density 311
Panelcoil Heat Exchanger 35
Parallelflow exchanger 136 748
See also Heat
exchanger and Flow arrangements
temperature distribution 739 741 748
Participating media 538
gases 538
liquids 538
Particulate fouling 868 892
Particulate or precipitation fouling 869
Passage-to-passage flow maldistribution 821
assumptions 823
counterflow heat exchanger 825
N-passage model 828
Other effects 833
two-passage model 822
Peclet number (Pe) 443 448
Performance (effectiveness)
deterioration factor 813
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Performance evaluation criteria 699 713 714
algebraic formulas 717
direct comparisons of j and f 700
fixed flow area 714
fixed geometry 714
fluid pumping power 700
reference surface 700
variable geometry 714
Induction period 872
Periodic flow 437
Periodic flow regenerator 47
Petukhov-Popov correlation 482 484
Pinch analysis 776 779
Pipe losses 399
Plate-fin heat exchanger 37 584 605
Plate heat exchanger 185 597 632
See also
Heat exchanger
heat transfer-limited design 635limiting cases for the design 633
mixed channels 635
multipass 185
pressure drop-limited design 635
rating a PHE 637
rating and sizing 635
sizing 645
Plate pack 23
rating problem 605
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Plate pack (Cont .)
sizing problem 617
super elastically deformed
diffusion bonded 40
Plate-type heat exchangers 22 693
advantages and limitations 28
channel 25
flow arrangements 27
gasket materials 26
geometrical and operating condition
characteristics 27
hard or soft plates 25
looped patterns 71
major applications 29
multipass 64 71
pass 25
series flow 71
thermal plates 27
U-arrangement 72Z-arrangement 72
P-NTU method 139
P-NTU relationship 141
Porosity 312 586
Prandtl number (Pr) 430 436 442
448
Precipitation or crystallization fouling 867
Pressure drop 378 380 412
825
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Pressure drop (Cont .)
analysis 378
assumptions 381
bend 404
core exit pressure rise 387
core 382
dependence properties 418
dimensional presentation 414
fluid distribution elements 399
gain 825
geometry and fluid properties 418
importance 378
loss coefficient 385 386
major contributions 380
nondimensional presentation 413
plate heat exchanger 397
plate-fin heat exchangers 382
presentation 412
reduction 825regenerator 392
shell-and-tube exchangers 393
shell-side 648
sudden contraction 382
sudden expansion and contraction 399
total core 388
tube banks 393
tube-fin heat exchangers 391
Pressure gradient 432
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Pressure gradient (Cont .)
adverse 432
favorable 432
Pressure loss coefficient 413
Property ratio method 244 530 531
Printed-circuit heat exchangers 34
R
Radiation 537
gases 538
liquids 538
superimposed 537
Radiation heat transfer coefficient 540
Rating problem 84 208
See also Heat
exchangers design methodology
Rayleigh number (Ra) 532
Rectangular Fin 261
Recuperator 450
Reduced length 339
Reduced period 339
Reference temperature method 530
Regenerators 47 361 585
advantages 50
assumptions for regenerator 308
balanced and symmetric 321
boundary conditions 315
carryover leakage 360
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Regenerators (Cont .)
counterflow 321 344
cross bypass leakage 360
designation of various types 340
dimensionless groups 316
disadvantages 51
effectiveness 318
energy balance 314
energy rate balance 314
epsilon (ε)-NTU0 method 316
fixed matrix 49 338
gas flow network 362
governing equations 312
heat transfer analysis 308
important parameters 310
lambda (λ)- pi (Π) method 337
Ljungstrom 47
longitudinal wall heat conduction 348
matrix material 366matrix utilization coefficient 340
modeling pressure and
carrover leakages 360
operating schedule 53 54
parallelflow 326 345
periodic-flow 53
porosity 312
pressure leakage 360
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Regenerators (Cont .)
rotary 47
rotary regenerator 313 343
Rothemuhle 49 50
Schumann dimensionless independent
variables 337
seals 361
side bypass leakage 360
stack conduction 352
stationary 53
transverse wall heat conduction
valve 53
variables and parameters 315
Regenerator surfaces 699
Residence time 120
Reversal period 311
Reynolds analogy 508
Reynolds number 379 442
Rollober phenomenon 458Rotary regenerators 47 51
Roughness Reynolds number 496
Rough surface flow regimes 497
fully rough 497
hydraulically 497
smooth 497
transition 497
Run-around coil system 911
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S
Sand-grain roughness 497
Schmidt number (Sc) 509
Second law efficiency 787
Second law of thermodynamics 723 735 776
796
evaluation 723 796
performance evaluation criteria 796
Sedimentation fouling 868
Selection guidelines for major exchanger
types 680
extended-surface exchangers 694
plate heat exchangers 693
plate-fin exchanger surfaces 694
regenerator surfaces 699
shell-and-tube exchangers 680
Shell-and-tube exchangers 13 68 183
291 646 766
See also Flow
arrangements
additional considerations 291
approximate design method 658
baffles 18 682
bundle-to-shell bypass stream 292
comparison of various types 21
correction factor pressure drop 649
crossflow section 591
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Shell-and-tube exchangers (Cont .)
crossflow stream 292
design features 689
disk-and-doughnut baffle 683
divided-flow exchanger 71
external low-finned tubes 648
finite number of baffles 297
front and rear end heads 18 688
grid baffles 18 682
heat transfer calculation 646
helical baffle 18
impingement baffles 684
increase heat transfer 693
leakage and bypass streams 292
low fins 17
multipass 183
no-tubes-in-window design 648
nozzles 17
parallel counterflow exchanger 68 plate baffles 18 682
preliminary design 646
pressure drop calculation 646
rating 646
rear-end heads 688
reduce pressure drop 693
rigorous thermal design method 663
rod baffles 18 684
segmental baffle 682 683
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Shell-and-tube exchangers (Cont .)
shell fluid bypassing and leakage 291
shells 17 686
shell-side flow patterns 291 295
shell-side pressure drop 648
shell-to-baffle leakage stream 292
split-flow exchanger 70
strip baffle 683
support plate 683
tube count 587
tube pitch and layout 681
tubes return end 162
tubes 16 680
tubesheets 18
tube-to-tubesheet joints 21
unequal heat transfer area 296
window section 589
windows and crossflow sections geometry 589
Single-blow technique(s) 467Sizing problem 84 207
See also Heat
exchangers design methodology
counterflow exchanger 619
crossflow exchanger 622
Spiral plate heat exchangers 31
Spiral tube heat exchangers 22
Split-flow exchanger 63
Stack height 61
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Stacked plate heat exchanger 30
Staggered array
rotated square 568
rotated triangular 568
square 568
triangular 568
Staggered finned-tube arrangement 571
unit cell 571
Staggered parallel arrangement 55
Staggered tube arrangement 566
unit cell 567
Standard types of pitches 680
Stanton number 442 447
Steady-state technique 451
See also Kays and
London technique
Stefan-Boltzmann constant 538
Stratified flow 916
Stream analysis method 294Stream symmetry exchanger 133
exchanger configuration correction
factor 188
log-mean temperature difference
correction factor 188
Surface area density 9
Surface characteristics 449
Surface flow area goodness
factor comparison 704
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Swing regenerator 47
T
TEMA E Shell 68
TEMA G shell 70
TEMA Standards 13
Temperature approach 105
Temperature cross 107 143 765
external 107 765
fluid mixing 765
internal 107 765
Temperature-dependent fluid properties 529
correction schemes 530
Temperature
difference 187 294
distribution 738 741 744
counterflow 744
parallelflow 744
effectiveness 140 244 248
enthalpy rate change diagram 776
head 105
profiles of shell-side streams 297
range 105
ratio 120
span 105
swing 366
weighting factor 756
Test core design 457
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Test technique 450
The ligament 681
Thermal boundary conditions 474
Thermal circuit 100 107
Thermal conductance 111
Overall thermal conductance 111
Thermal Design 97 232 308
additional considerations 232
basic thermal design 97
numerical analysis 256
regenerators 308
Thermal entrance length 435 502
Thermal inertia 98
Thermal length 119
Thermal resistance 450
controlling 450
noncontrolling 450
Thermodynamic analysis 766
Thermodynamic efficiency 786Thermodynamic figure of merit 787
Thermodynamic irreversibility 755
finite temperature difference 755
fluid friction 755
fluid mixing 755
Thermodynamic modeling and analysis 735
Thermodynamic quality 796
Thermodynamic system 786
Thermoeconomics 779 792
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Thermophysical properties 906
Transient test techniques 467
experimental procedure 468
theoretical model 469
Transition-flow correlation 481 482
True mean temperature difference 602
Tube-fin heat exchangers 41 631
Tube layout arrangements 681
conventional 41
flat fins 42
heat transfer calculations 631
individually finned tube exchanger 41
plate finned tube 42
plate-fin and tube 42
pressure drop calculations 632
rating and sizing problems 631
surface geometries 631
Turbulent boundary layer 430
fully 430turbulent region 430
viscous sublayer 430
Turbulent flow 430 436
Turbulent flow correlations 487
smooth circular tube 484
Turbulent mixing 430
Two-phase pressure drop correlations 913
two-phase 913
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U
U-flow arrangement 835
See also Manifolds
Unsteadiness 429
Utilities 776
cold 777
hot 777
V
Valve switching frequency 320
