2.2 Dynamic Cell Planning and SoN for Green_Zhisheng Niu

8/13/2019 2.2 Dynamic Cell Planning and SoN for Green_Zhisheng Niu

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2010/9/13

1

Dynamic Cell Planning and Self-Organization

for GREEN Cellular Networks

UC4G Shanghai Workshop 2010, 12 Sep., 2010UC4G Shanghai Workshop 2010, 12 Sep., 2010

Zhisheng NIU

Network Integration for Ubiquitous Linkage and Broadband (NiuLab)

Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University

Tsinghua National Laboratory of Information Science and Technology

12010/9/13

Content

Why and What’s GREEN?

Globally Resource-optimized and Energy-Efficient Networks

Dynamic Cell Planning for GREEN

Tradeoff between energy saving and coverage

Self-Organization for GREEN

Cell Zooming and Dynamic BS Sleeping Control

Conclusion

2010/9/13 2



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2

Why Green, Why Now?

Energy consumpt ion of cellular networks is growing

rapidly with increasing data rates and No. of users/BSs

China is the largest ICT market in the world and still in fast growing

’ ’ ’ ’ . . . .

China Mobile has 460K+ BSs (‘09) and will go to 600K (‘10)

There is a push for “ green” from industry & government

from World-Wide-Web to World-Wide-Wireless

for World-Wide-Watch & World-Wide-Wisdom

but definitely should not World-Wide-Wait

- -

Where does PC majorly come from?

3000

)

1000

1500

2000

n s u m p t i o n

( 1 0 8 k W

Network Devices

Display Devices

x 13

x 5.2

4Source: Ministry of Economy, Technology and Industry “Promotion of Green IT”, Feb. 2008

0

2006 2025 P o w e r C Server, Storage Devices

PC

x 2.5

Power Consumption by IT Devices in Japan



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3

Where does PC majorly come from?

BSs consume ~80% of energy in cellular networks use Air conditioners consume ~50% of energy in base stat ions

*1Mt CO2 = 2TWh

correspon to25 millionhouseholdaverageyearly

consumption

Energy ~2TWh ~60TWh ~3.5TWh ~10TWh

CO2

~1Mt ~30Mt <2Mt ~5Mt

3 billion

subscribers

3 billion

subscribers

4 million Radio

Stations

4 million Radio

Stations20,000 Radio

Controllers

20,000 Radio

ControllersOther

elements

Other

elements

Green as a fatal factor

Equipment Type TEEER Formula Min. TEEER Allowable

Transport -log (Ptotal / Throughput) 7.54

Verizon’s TEEER (Telecom Equipment Energy Efficiency Rating) since 2009

optical and Video 7.54

P2P Microwave 5.75

Switch/Router -log (Ptotal

/ Forwarding Capacity) 7.67

Media Gateway -log (Ptotal / Throughput) 6.54

Access (Access Lines / Ptotal ) +1 2.50

Power (POut Total / PIn Total ) X 10 9.20

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Power Amplifier

(Wireless)

(Total RF Output Power / Total

Input Power) X 10

1.05

BS?



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4

What’s Green, How to GREEN?

Green

Environmental friendly

Low power

GREEN

Globally Resource-optimized

BS/AP cooperation in homogeneous networks

Network cooperation in heterogeneous networks

Energy Efficient Networks

g me, g p ace, an g serv ce

dynamic adaptation to traffic variation and QoS requirement

sleep when traffic is low

7

: Globally R esource-optimized and Energy-Efficient Networks

Scarce resources are under-utilized

resources are distributed in heterogeneous overlaid NWs

WiFi, WiMAX, 2G, 3G, LTE, DTV, Operator A/B/C, …

And, they are qui te under-uti lized

Network Example of

Utilization

Carrier Network 33%

Internet Backbone 15%

LAN 1%

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5

CHORUS for GREEN

X X

X

X X 802.11b

802.11b 802.11a

WiMax

X

DVB/DMB-TGSM/CDMA

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: Collaborative and Harmonized Open R adio Ubiquitous System

Dynamic Base Station Cooperation

2009-11-12 10



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6

Network Convergence and Collaboration

InternetMobile IPTV

Broadband

MobileTV

BroadcastingMobile TV

11: Network integration for ubiquitous linkage and broadband

Multi-mode Terminals

Future NWs should be energy-efficiency-oriented , while

providing satisfactory performance (not over-provisioning)

• right-time, right-place, and right-service

GREEN by Traffic/QoS Adaptation

• ra c var a on can prov e oppor un es or energy sav ng

P

ow er Reduced

Consumption

Usual Power Consumption

122009-11-12

0:00 12:00 24:00 t

Traffic



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7

In fact, traffic variation is very high

13

E. Oh, B. Krishnamachari, X. Liu, and Z. Niu, “Towards Dynamic Energy-Efficient Operation of

Cellular Network Infrastructure”, IEEE Com. Mag., 2010 (to appear)


Temporal traffic variation (public NW)Real Cellular Traffic Data (Korea Telecom)

Shift to halfpower mode?

2010/9/13 14

E. Oh, B. Krishnamachari, X. Liu, and Z. Niu, “Towards Dynamic Energy-Efficient Operation of

Cellular Network Infrastructure”, submitted to IEEE Com. Mag., 2010.



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Temporal traffic variation (Enterprise NW)

Typical traffic in an enterprise network Typical traffic in an enterprise network


Traffic decreasessharply at nighttime

Traffic almost disappearson the weekend

152010/9/13

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

From Dr. Takehisa Hayashi (AlaXalA, Japan)

Switching off ?

Non-business hour o f a typical company is more than

half a year : (120X24h + 245X8H = 4840h)/8760h!


Spatial traffic variation

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D. Willkomm, S. Machiraju and J. Bolot, Adam Wolisz, “Primary User Behavior in Cellular Networks

and Implications for Dynamic Spectrum Access”, IEEE Com. Mag., March 2009



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Content







Conclusion

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Concept of Cell Planning

Candidate sites: determined by buildings and geo info

Test point: abstracted user distribution

TPs

CSs

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3 candidate sites, 12 user

Deployment result without inter-cell Cooperation

A Deployment example

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A Deployment example

Deployment result with inter-cell Cooperation

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11

Selected Published Papers

[1] Zhisheng Niu, Sheng Zhou, Yao Hua, Qian Zhang, and Dongxu Cao,

“Energy-aware Network Planning for Wireless Cellular System with

Inter-cell Cooperation”, Submitted to IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. ,

2010

[2] S. Zhou, J. Gong, Z. Niu, Y. Jia, and P. Yang, "A decentralized framework for

dynamic downlink base station cooperation," Proc. IEEE Globecom'09, Dec,

2009.

[3] S. Zhou, J. Gong, Z. Yang, Z. Niu, P. Yang, “Green Mobile Access Network

with Dynamic Base Station Energy Saving”, ACM MobiCom2009 (Poster),

Beijing, China, Sep. 2009

“

212010/9/13

. u, . u, e ay na ys s or eep- ase ower av ng ec an smswith Downlink and Uplink Traffic“, IEEE Commun. Letters, 2009

[10] E. Oh, B. Krishnamachari, X. Liu, and Z. Niu, "Towards Dynamic Energy-

Efficient Operation of Cellular Network Infrastructure", IEEE Commun. Mag.,

2010 (accepted)

Content







Conclusion

2010/9/13 22





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13

Cell Zooming by Dynamic Association Control

Cell zooming for energy saving

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Central cell sleeps, and other

cells zoom out

Central cell sleeps, and other

cell cooperate to transmit

Cell Zooming for Energy Saving

A snapshot of BS sleeping pat tern

2500

Low Load

y - a x i s ( m )

1000

1500

2000

Medium

‐ Assuming BSs can extend

coverage from 200m to 400m

‐ Users arrive according to

2010/9/13 26

x-axis m

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

500

High Load

Active cells Sleeping cells

time is exponentially

distributed



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Performance of Cell Zooming

70

75

s u m p t i o n

10

12

s i t y ( s - 1 )

65

70

s u m p t i o n

0.008

0.01

o b a b i l i t y

Average energy consumption

Average blocking probability

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5050

55

60

65

S y s t e m E

n e r g y C o n

Time (h)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

4

6

8

S y s t e m T

r a f f i c I n t e

System energy consumption

System traffic intensity

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 450

55

60

A v e r a g e E n e r g y C o n

Ts(h)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

A v e r a g e B l o c k i n g P

2010/9/13 27

(1) Our proposed dynamic algorithm tracks the variation of theaverage traffic intensity well(2) As the minimum mode holding time increases, energyconsumption changes a little, and the average blocking prob.increases, but still below the target

Tradeoff between Energy and Coverage

‐ Centralized and Decentralized algorithms

‐ Outage Probability vs. Number of active BSs in low traffic conditions

28

Zhisheng Niu, Yiqun Wu, Jie Gong and Zexi Yang: “Cell Zooming for Cost-

Efficient Green Cellular Networks”, IEEE Com. Mag., 2010 (to appear)



2010/9/13

15

Selected Published Papers

[1] J. Gong, S. Zhou, Z. Niu, and P. Yang, "Traffic-aware base station sleeping in

dense cellular networks," IEEE Int'l Workshop on Quality of Service

(IWQoS'10), Poster, Jun. 2010.

[2] D. Cao, S. Zhou, C. Zhang, Z. Niu, "Energy Saving Performance

Comparison of Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission and Wireless

Relaying", IEEE Globecom'10, Miami, USA, Dec.2010

[3] Z. Niu, Y. Wu, J. Gong, and Z. Yang, "Cell zooming for Green cellular

networks," IEEE Communication Magazine, 2010 (accepted).

292010/9/13

Content



Cell Zooming for GREEN

Energy saving by dynamic association control

Self-Organized Networks for GREEN

Energy saving by collaborative BS sleeping

Conclusion

2010/9/13 30



2010/9/13

Summary: Existing Wireless Technologies

It’s all about capacity

but do we have enough traffic?

It’s all about voice t s all about voice

but data & video will dominate

It’s all about single cell

Micro cellular leads to high-density and overlapped cells

Multiple radio and multi-carriers coexist

It’s all about noise/interferencet s all about noise/interference

but power is also limited

31

Summary: Green Wireless Technologies

It’s all about traffic!

Care more about carried traffic, not only channel capacity

Treat data/video differently ( from 3A to 3R)

Adapt to traffic variation (Cell Zooming)

It’s all about cooperation/collaboration!

Cross-node design, not only cross-layer design (CHORUS)

Inter-network collaboration ( NiuLab)

It’s all about power/energy!

Power/energy is limited and prohibited (GREEN )

322010/9/13

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2.2 Dynamic Cell Planning and SoN for Green_Zhisheng Niu

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