22 May 1984 (Revised) EMSC8035 .7FR(2)

FINAL REPORTESTIMATION OF POLLUTANTS

INROCKET EXHAUST

Prepared fo rRocketdyne Division

Rockwell International

Rockwell InternationaEnvironmental Monitoring & Services Center

Environmental & Energy Systems Division2421 WestHillerest DriveNewbury Park, CA 91320

(805) 498-677 1

FORM 7 42-A-6 A N rvi o_7a

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Rockwell Internationa l

1 .0 IZTPRO' O

A variety of rocket engines are test-fired at Rocketdyne' s Santa Susana Field

Laboratory . The rocket exhaust is quenched with water and the resulting steam

plume dissipates into the atmosphere . The plumes were analyzed for oxides

nitrogen (NO.), carbon momxide

and total particulates (TPC) .

Environmental Monitoring & Services Cente rEnviro nmental & Energy Systems Division

r total ncn- hydrocaibo [iS

of

The engines tested used RP-1 fuel ( a kerosene ) and liquid oxygen . Thus,- the

primary rocket exhaust does not ccntain any oxides of nitrogen. Owing to the

slightly fuel-rich mixture , it does contain appreciable amounts of carbon

u xide . (00) , We found that sane oxides of nitrogen are fo=ned by

interaction of the exhaust gases with ambient air . The plume also contains a

small amamt of hydrocarbons (THC) and particulates . The latter were

determined as elemental carbon (soot)

1-1

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Environmental Monitoring & Services CentetEnvironmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

2 .0 SU44ARY

The planes resulting fran test firing of three different engines were

examined. All curtained all amounts of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) - of the

order of 20p n-t, and significant amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) about

3000 pln. These concentrations were measured approximately 300 feet fran the

engines cn test stand A12A-1, and 200 ft i

Volumetric flowrates were estimated from high-speed photographs . The flow

varied with engine type from 2 .56 x 10%i3/sec to 8 x 104m3/sec . Fran these

estimates , mass emission rates were calculated to be fran 1.24 to 6 .4lbs/sec

Nox and from 93 to 210 lbs/sec of Co .

Small amotmts of ncn-methane hydrocarbons were also found . These ran aro

2 ppm propane equivalent, or about 0 .2 lbs/sec .

Total elemental carbon - soot - was of the order of 0.4 - 2 .0 lbs/sec. These

results are shown in Table 2-1 and discussed in some detail below .

2-1

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0itRockwell InternationalEnvironmental Monitoring & Services CanterEnvironmental & Energy Systems Division

3

3 .1 asIGINE STANDS

0 EXPRflvi ., APPROAGi

The rocket engines were test-fired on test stands . The engines were mountedvertically, firing down into a "bucket" The latter is essentially a 450deflector, which turns the plume into a horizontal direction

. The back wallof the "buckets" is perforated . Cooling water is forced through thesePerforations at a rate of 10,000 to 15,000 gallons per minute . The waterevaporates to form a steam plume , which travels horizontally until it impingeson the rocky slope facing the engine stands. The set-up is shownschematically in Figure 3-1 . The two test stands used - Alfa 1 and Alfa 3 -are essentially identical . The plumes from the follaaing engines wereanalyzed (Table 3-1) .

Table 3-1

es Tested

Designation Mode ' Thrust rated, Ubs )

Atlas MA--5 Booster 370,000

Atlas I-A-3 Booster 165,000

Sustainer 60,000

RS-27 Booster 205,000

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01% Rockwell InternationalEnvironmental Monitoring & Services CenterEnvironmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

3 .2 ANALYTICAL APP i

3.2 .1 Ins tnm*entation

The analyses were performed using the follow- ng instrument, no z ted in anair-conditioned trailer

Jknalysis : 2 - Monitor Laboratories Nitrogen Oxide Analyzers,Model 8840

a! Analysis : 1 - Dasibi Carbon Monoxide Analyzer (at Alfa

Infrared CD Analyzer (at Alfa 3 )

THCAnalysis :

Sarrples were analyzed on location using a Carlechrarlatograph. Additional, samples were taken in anevacuated container and analyzed the next dayin the laboratory.

Particulates : The plume contains both intrinsic and incidentalparticulates . The latter consist primarily of dustpicked up by the plume as it impinges on the rocks .The intrinsic particulate material is essentiallysoot . In order to analyze for the latter, a modifiedHi Vol sampler was used. The filters were analyzedfor carbon, rather than weighed .

The Hi Vol sampler was rrndified to draw a samplethrough a 47mn glass fiber filter . Portions ofthe filter were subsequently analyzed by oxidationin a stream of oxygen and analyzed for carbondioxide, using an infrared detector .

Various pumps and flo meters were used to transport the sample and measure theflaws. A "zero-air" supply provided the necessary dilution air . Theinstrumentation is shown in Figure 3-2 .

3-3FORM 742-A .4 NEW 9-78

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oi% Rockwell Internationa lEnvironmental Monitoring & Services CanterEnvironmental & Energy Systems Division

2 .2 Sarr l

Because of the very high temperatures and velocities encountered in rocket

exhaust - even in water-quenched rocket exhaust - itwas decided to sample the

plume at the point where it impacted on the rocky slope, across the ravine

fran the test stand . The distance between the test stand and the sampling

line inlet was about 300 feet for the ALFA-1, stand 200 feet for ALFA-III .

The topographh is shown in Figure 3- 3

The meted trailer was located behind the test stand . Thus it became

necessary to use -rather long sampling lines . Teflon tubing, 1/4 in cc) was

used for sampling. Two lines led fran the trailer, across the ravine, to a

distribution point at the plane of the sampling inlets . From there one line

was connected to the down-wind sampling point - about 100 feet either to the

right or, to the left of the centroid sampling point, which was always used .

The samples were transported by twn leakproof pumps, each of which discharged

into its sampling manifold . The samples to be analyzed were drawn fran th e

manifold by another pump, mixed with zero air at a ratio of 20 air to 1

sample, and brought into the analyzers . The sampling set-up is share

schematically in Figure 3-4 .

Because of the high moisture content of the plume, a drop-out jar was used at

the lowest point of the sampling lines, to avoid moisture fran condensing in

the lines . The relatively large volume of the sampling lines resulted in a

60-70 second delay before the sample arrived at the analyzer .

3-5

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Rockwell Internationa lEnvironmental Monitoring & Services CenterEnviro nmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

Sampl eManifold

PumpmixingChamber

PumpZero Ai rSuppl y

-+~ p Recorder

Analyzer Analyzer

FIGURE 3-4

HDMSe00241828

014 Rockwell InternationalEnvironmental Monitoring & Services CenterEnvironmentai & E

Calibration - NOx and 00

The long lines and the slow response tine of the analyzer s

is reasonable to assume that the concentration of both No x and Co in the plume

ner9Y Systems Divisio n

Monitor Lab NOX analyzers - produced a distortion of the resulting traces. It

are essentially constant with time . Thus, the concentration trace shouldideally look like this

HDMSe00241829

ockweiunoe.~anonaRockwell internation a0114

Rockwell Internationa lEnvironments { Monitoring & Services CenterEnvironmental & Energy Systems Division

I

The system was calibrated by introducing known concentrations of th

pollutants into the sampling inlet for the same length of time as the duratio n

of the test firings . The results , shown in Figure 3-6 for CO, indicate that the

but al that, for short firings, the system never b,

the maxiimsn values,

equilibrated Thus

long lines not only produced very gradual attai rment o f

it was necessary to calibrate the system for the exact duration of the firing

at several cz)ncentrations of pollutant . The resulting calibration curves are

shown in Figure 3-7 and 3-8 for the ALFA -1 stand.

IIIIIN{{ 111111IpIIIIIIIIIIlI11 {III 1111111111i111111111111111111111111111i111111111111111 111 11111 II j I1 ~(j]~l Ilil~l~lllllll)111111 Jill IIIIIIIillU II~IIII IIIIIIII ► IIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIII II I I 17TI ~ 1111 I I I11 II II IUIIIIIillll III III 111{11 I U

Jii

1!l

ffm

I{' I

@ mml mm ~wmmumiI I '

fMOWN M

J

Instrut it Response to Fixed 00 Concentration

As a Function of Injection Time

FIGrJ 3-6

3-9FORM 742-A-4 NEW 9-73

11

!• i

11110 1

I r

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120se c

12 0

100

44-50se c

22-30se c

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 180 0

Peak Height as a Function of Concentration and Injection Time

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Environmental Monitoring & Services CanterEnvironmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

The calibration data used are tabulated

were performed at the ALFA-3 stand (Table 3-3) .

3 .2 .4 Concentration Estimates - and CO

Separate calibrations

Using the calibration techniques described above, the concentration estimates

shown in Table 3-4 were obtained .

3.2.5 Hydrocarbon Analysis

A limited anoint of hydrocarbon sampling was performed Two approaches, were

taken : A Carle field chraratograph was used to obtain an on-site analysis,

and an evacuated container was filled for subsequent analysis in the

laboratory . The sampling loop of the Carle was remotely actuated at about the

time the CO analyzer peaked out . Simultaneously , a solenoid valve was opened

and the evacuated container filled . An MA-3 plum was analyzed .

The analysis indicated that the hydrocarbons consisted primarily of methane

(80%) . The C2 - C5+ fraction was found to be 1 .8ppn by the Carle, 1 .2pgn by

the barb met nod . All values were corrected for background concentrations .

This corresponds to about 100g of non-methane hydrocarbons per second (as

propane) . Because of the low levels found, these analyses were not pursued

further .

3 .2 .6 Total Particulate Concentrations

Since the plume obviously contained particulate materials, an attempt was mad

to determinethe -particulate loading .

The high velocity of the plume impinging on the rocks (of the order of 100mph }

results in the entrainment of dust and fine sand , which is quickly

re-deposited . However, the plumes are obviously sooty - the rocks are covere d

3-12

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TASTE 3 -2

Dilution 20 :1

TDYME CALTRATI MS

ALFA-1 Stand

5pgnSensitivity

Environmental Monitoring & Services CenterEnvironmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

DateNan. Cor

PPM

DurationScale Divisions

3/15 2 .9 22 2

2 .9 44

13 .7 22 21

13 .7 44 39

25.4 22 36

25 .4 44 60

3/29 25 .0 30 48

25 .0 50 74

25 .0 120 110

50 .0 30 94

50 .0 120 (200)

Dilution 20:1 Sensitivity : 1000 pFm

3/15 .361 22 17

361 44 16

688 . 22 27

688 44 41

3/29 500 30 22

520 120 36

1570 30 52

1570 120 120

1570 50 120

3-13

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Environmental Monitoring & Serv ices Cente r

Environmental & Energy Systems Division

TABLE 3-3

CALIBRATIC NS

.3 STAND

Dilution 20 :1 Sensitivity : 0 .2 P

Date Nan. Concentration Duration Scale Divisions

pr-M seC

4/27 4 .6 42 3542 36

9 .3 42 9242 82

17 .0 42 102

co Dilution 20.1

52

Sensitivity: 1000 ppm

130

DASIBI Analyzer

Date Ncm.Concentration Duration Scale Divisions

PPM $ sec

4/27 1650 30 5142 6852 78

6/16 1680

MONITOR LAB Analyzer

42 12052 140

1160 42 9252 104

3-14

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Table 3-4

-Loncentratlon Estimates - NO and CO

Date Po ition iEst . Concentrationss Durat on NC~

2/24/83

2/28/83

3/4/83

Center

Center

Center

44 sec

22 sec

22 secAverage

M-3 Runs

c

14 pan

20

14

16

CO

675 Ppm

675

600 "650 ppm

3/17/8 3

3/22/83

Left side

Center

120 sec

30 sec

21 .5ppm

25

(1000)* ppn

3200Average

Booster

23 .2 ppm 3200 ppn

4/4/82 Center 42 sec 8 1400

4/6/83 Center 50 sec 12 " 158 0

4/7/83 Center 43 sec 10 1450Average 10 1475 ppm

at cent r f le o p ume . This value is low.

R5-27 Runs

4/19/83 Right side 53 sec 5 pram (300 pan

4/21/83 Right side 43 8

4/22/83 Center 43 13 1250

5/6/83 Center 52 8 1200

5/7/83 Center 42 12 1250

5/9/83 Center 42 13 1250Average : 10 ppm 1235 ppm

Measured at center of plume . This value is low .

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and the incidental entrainment, it was decided to analyze the collected

Environmental Monitoring & Sarvicas Cente rEnvironmental & Energy Systems Division

th soot . In order to distinguish between the intrinsic particulate loading

material for carbon , rather than weigh the filter to determine the loading .

Collections were made near the gas sampling points using a modified high

ormal 10 x 10 in. filter was replaced by a filter holder containing e

volume sampler . The sampler was operated during the firing period. The

loll%Rockwell Internationa l

filter disc. The analysis was performed by punching 1/4 in round

segments from the filter, which were heated to 800°C in the presence o f

of 2% oxygen. The resulting carbon dioxide was detennined by an NDI R

analyzer . All analyses were performed in duplicate or triplicate .

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RockwellRockwell Internationa lInternationalEnvironmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

Environmental Monitoring & S ervices Cente r

The modified hi-vol sampler was calibrated at 105V the voltage available at

the end of the 300 ft extension cords . At that voltage, the sampler was drawing

6 .8 am through the filters . The following results were obtained (Table 3 .5 ) :

TALE 3-5

ateEngineTime

PAM

Durationof Firing

sec

SampleVolume

SCF

ANALYSES

FilterpgC/filter

3aLngu9C/SFC

4/19 RS-27 53 6.0 840 1404/21 43 4.9 810 1655/6 52 5 .9 1200 2035 /7 42 4 .8 1100 2295/8 42 4 .8 910 190

RS-27, Average 185 µgC/SC '

6/27 MA- 3 52 5.9Booster

1580 267

6/30 42 4.8 3045 6343, Average 450 LgC/SCF

12/2 NFL-5, 22 2.5Booster

800 325

12/23 is 44 3.7 1160 31012/26 m 22 1.9 420 225

~~P,-5 , Average 287 pgC/S F S

3/19/84 MA-3, 140 11. 9Sustainer

580 4 9

3/21/84 142 12.1 394 33

3/31/84 " 37 3.1 92 30

W --3, Average 37 ugC/SCF

FORM 742-A-4 NEW 9-78

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3.3 ESTIMATIONS OF THE PLUM VCLUmE

Environmental Monitoring & Services CenterEnvironmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

High-spy photographs ( 24 frames per second) of the firings were taken at rightangle to the axis of the plum . From these photographs the velocity of theplume as it approached the opposite side of the ravine was estimated fo

r eachengine type. From the same photros, the vertical cross-section of the plume

just prior to impact on the rocks, was also determined. The product of cross

section (assuring a cylindrical plume) and velocity gave an estimate of the

plume volume flux near the sampling point . This estimate of mass flow of pollut-ants should be regarded as an upper limit, since all ass uta~tians were ,Zed .In Particular, the radius of the "chemical" ply, prior to air entraimrent, has

been calculated to be about half the radius of the steam (visible) plume .Thus, the indicated flowrate is apparently high by a factor of four .

The following values were obtained by this method :

ThBLE 3-6

En'

Center velocity

b. 3, Booster MA,-3 Sustainer MA-5, Booster RS-27

36m/sec 30m/sec 60m/sec 42m/sec

Visible Radius 18m 16.5m 20.6m 15m

Flow Rate 3 .66x104m3/sec 2 .56xlO'm3/sec 8 .0x104m3/sec 2 .97x104m3/sec

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4.0 EMISSION EST

Frcm the foregoing information it is possible to

NOX and CO . The calculation are :

to the mass emission

NOX (or M2)-' 46g/mole "'24 .04 liters (20 °C, 760 nm)

1 liter -1 .914g Nat

lm3 -1 .914g NO2

CO: 28g/rrole "24 . 04 liters (200C, 760 in)

1 liter -1 .168 CO

1m3 -1,160g CO

it (as propane ) : 44g/mole -24.04 liters ( 20°C, 760mn'

1 liter -1-83g propane

1 m3 1, 8 30g propane

4- 1

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Using these calculations, the followin

emission of pollutants :

Environmental Monitoring & Services Cent . .tnvvonmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

results were obtained for the mass

TABLE 4-2

EMISSION F TIMATF.S

Imo,-5 Engines

Flaw rate: 8.0 x 104m3/sec

Average ND conc . 16 5pn

Maxuman 20 ppm

Average CO conc . : 650 pgn

MLxiR= 675 pin

Mass flow of NOX (Aver. ) : 2,450 g/sec `\5 .4 1bs/sec

(Max) : 3 ,062 g/sec ti 6 .7 lbs/sec

Mass flow of CO (Aver.) : 60,580 g/sec " 133.4 lbs/sec

(Max) : 62,910 g/sec % ,138 .5 lbs/sec

Mass flow of C (Aver.) : 809 g /sec " 1 . 8 lbs/sec

(Max) : 914 g/sec 2 .0 lbs/sec

4-2

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Rockwell Internationa lEnvironmental Monitoring & Services CenterEnvironmental & Energy Systems Divisw n

Table 4-3a

Elnission Estimates

M-3 EnginesBooster

-Flow Rate ; 3 .66 x 10

NJx Concentration (aver . )

NO, Concentration (max.) :

10 E

12 ppm

CO Concentration, (aver .) : 1475 a=

CO C:ocentraticn W=.) 1580 pj n

SC Concentration (aver) : 1 .5 an

Carbon Co centration (aver . ) 450 Fzg/SCE 15,880 µg/mj

Carbon Concentration (max .) 634 µg/SCF 22,380 µg/m3

Mass Flow of Nox (aver . ) 701 g/sec . 1 .54 lbs/sec

Mass Flow of NOx(max .) : 840 .8/sec 1 .85 lbs /sec

Mass Flow of 00 (aver .) : 62 .89 Kg/sec 138 lbs/sec

Mass Flow of CD (max .) : 67 .37 Kg/sec 148 lbs/sec

Mass Flow of HC (as propane) 100 g/sec 0 .22 lbs/sec

Mass Flow of Carbon (aver) : 581 g/sec 1 .28 lbs/sec

Mass Flow of Carbon (max. 819 g/sec 1 .80 lbs/sec

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Rockwell Internationa lEnvironmental Monitoring & Services Cente rEnvironmental & Energy Systems Division

Table 4-3b

Emission

Nei-3 EnginesSustainer

Flow Rate :

N0x Concentration (aver .) :

2 .56 x 104 m-i/sec

23 .2 p u

Concentration (max .) :

CO C=entratic (aver . )

CD c centrat on U= . )

Carbon C=entration (aver.) :

25

3200 pp

ppm

m

37 pg/SCY 306 ug/m3Mass Flow of NDx (aver .) : 1137 g/sec 2 .50 lbs/sec

Mass Flow of NOx (max-) : 1225 g/sec 2 .70 lbs/secMass Flow of 0) (aver. ) : 95.4 Kg/sec 210 .1 lbs/sec

Mass Flow of CG (max. )

Mass Flow of Carbon (aver .) : . 33.3 g/sec 0 .073 lbs/secMass Flow of Carbon (max.) : 44 .0 g/sec 0 .097 lbs/sec

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4-4

EMISSION ESr:

RS-27 F

Flow rate: 2.97 x 104m

Average Nox * ccuic . : 10 pp m

Maximn NOx Cm= . : 13 pgn

Average CO conc . : 1235 pp m

Maxinaun CC) conc . : 1250 pen

Average carbon conc . : 185,*g/SCF 6530 pg/m3

Maxistun carbon conc . : 220 ug/SCF 7766 µg/r3

Mass flow of NOx(Aver.) 568 g/sec 1 .25 lbs/sec

(Max .) 739 g/sec 1 .63 lbs/sec

Mass flaw of Co (Aver .) : 42,731 g/sec 94 .1 lbs/sec

(Max.) : 43,250 g/sec 95 .3 lbs/sec

Mass flow of Carbon (Aver) : 193 g/sec 0 .4 lbs/sec

(Max.) : 230 g/sec 0 .5 lips/sec

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014 Rockwell InternationalEnvironmental Monitoring & S ervices Center

iEn v ronmental & Energy Systerns Divisio n

5 .0LmnsOFAOC C

Because of the experimental limitations imposed by the technical problems of

adequately sampling rocket exhaust plumes , the results presented in Section 4 .0

estimates which inciade the sum of all measurement errors . An attempt. is hereby

made to define the magnitude of such errors and arrive at an estimate of the

overall reliability of the "bottaa line", the mass emission figures .

The following measurements and/or estimates make up the mass emission data : 1 .)

concentration measurements , and 2 .) plume volume estimates at the point where

were measured.

5 .1 ACCURACY OF CONCENTRATION MEASLODGM

A number of factors enter the accuracy of these measurements :

1 . Are thI samples representative of the whole plume

2 . Are the pollutant concentrations uniform with time, and at is the

proper interpretation of the time -resolved concentration values ?

. Are the calibration procedures appropriate?

The assumptions made in dealing with these questions are detailed below.

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Rockwell InternationalEnvironmental Monitoring & Services CenterEnvironmental & Energy Sy st ems Divisio n

5 .1 .1 Representativeness of Samples

Since the ultimate purpose of the determinations was to answer question s

pertaining to the contribution of these activities to the level of pollutants in

the area, the general philosophy was to choose these alternatives, which would

indicate the highest emissions . For example, in calculating concentrati ons fo

NO., the highest of the two simultaneous measurements was used, and the peak

value obtained was applied to the whole volume of the plume and the total

duration of the firings . Thus, the values shown in Section 4 .0 constitute

limits of the probable emissions .

the

Since experimental limitations permitted the use of only two simultaneous

sampling points, we do not really know the concentration gradient across the

plume . All indications are, however, that the concentrations are not uniform,

but rather decrease rapidly fran the center toward the edge of the plume . on

calm days, the concentrations were always higher in the center of the plume .

When a light breeze prevailed, the plume would shift, and higher values were

obtained on the outlying sampling point, which then tended to be representative

of the center of the plume.. The reproducibilty of the measurement fran run to

run, particularly the CO measurements of the MA 5 and RS-27 engines, is

surprisingly good, considering the over-riding effect of micro-weteorologica l

conditions . As indicated above , the higher of the two measurements was al

used in the calculations .

Ys

As NOx is apparently formed as a result of secondary reactions between the hot

plume and entrained air, it is probably not surprising that it's concentration

is more variable . Even so, the concentration range for all tests on all three

engines is fran 5 to 25 pgn, which is not an excessive spread for this type

uremen

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Environmental Monitoring & Services Canter

6 .0 PEMISSIBLE EMISSIONS

Envaontnental & Energy Systems Division

The Santa Susana Field Laboratory is located in Ventura County and is therefore

under the urisdiction of the Ventura County Air Pollution Control District

:VCAPCD) At present, Pocketdyne is operating under the restrictions stipulate d

the Permit to Operate, which ccctaids the following limits (Table 6-1 )

TI'BLE 6- 1

IBLE EMISSION

Permissible Limits

Pollutant lbs/nour Tcns/year

Reactive Organics 110.0 3 . 4

Nitrogen Oxides ( as N02 ) 13 .38 0 .68

Particulates 9 .35 .36

Sulfur- Oxides (as 7 .35 .37

Monoxide 19,842.0 012.18

An annual permit rene4al fee is charged by the VCAPCD in accordance with the

following schedule (Table 6-2) .

6-1

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e nter"at~Ona iEnvironmental Monitoring & Services Cente rEnvironmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

TABLE 6-2

Air t Dollars per Ton/yr . Dollars per Lb/Hr

Reactive Organic

C Tpound missions $13 .00 $13 .00

Nitrogen Oxides

Enu.ssi.ans $11.50 + $13 .50

Particulate

Dissions $11.50 + $14.50

Sulfur Dioxide

Emissions $ 7 .00 8.50

Carbon Monoxide

Emissions $ 1.50 + $ 1.50

Other Pollutants $10 .00 $10 .00

minrmTn renewal fee shall be $50 .00/y

The emission limits stipulated in the Permit to Operate were based on

Rocketciyne ' s original estimates . A canparison of these limits with averageemissions , based on the values in Tables 4-2 to 4-3 and a 45 second test, areshown in Table 6-3 .

6-2

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VF1. Rockwell InternationalEnvironmental Monitoring & Services CenterEnvirunmental & Energy Systems Divisio n

Peinissible lbs/test lbs/test lbs/tes tlbs/hr (44 sec) (50 sec) (120. sec

Nitrogen Oxides 13 .4 208 93

Carboei frbnaxide 19,842 6,097 7,420

285

RS-27Slbs/test(52 sec)

5 2

(25,225)* 4

HDMSe0024185 0

_ d'!!1 7D men, MA- JAS

nternal Letter

Dale :

T

May 22, 1984

Or anizanon . Inrerna , Address)'

Rockwell Internationa l

FROM : tName . organmzatro, , rnreraai Addle :

Fred E . LittmanEMSC

360 71 EMSC

625 2

Rolf D . Schmued

Rocketdyne541 55 FB6 6

Subjec t

Emission estimates were obtained in the following manner :

1 . The weight of a cubic meter of pollutant was derived : (p 4 '

En,

1 liter -1 .914g NO,,

Emission Estimates - Alfa Stands

NOX (or NO,

lm r1914p NO2

CO: 28g/mole -24 .04 liters (20°C, 760

1 liter -1 .16g Co

1,160g CO

HC (as propane ) : 44g/mole 24 .04 liters (20°C, 760 mm)

1 liter - 1 .83g propane

1m3 1 .830g propane

The plume volume was derived from photographic data (p 3-18) .following values were obtained for the four engine 'types :

TABIE 3-6

T

46g/mole -24 .04 liters (20°C, 760 mm

Phone)

MR 3, Booster M-3 Sustainer MA-5, Booster RS-2 7

Center velocity(Approaching rocks ) 36m/sec 30m/sec 6Om/sec 42m/sec

Visible Radius 18m 16.5m 20.6m ism

Flow Rate 3.66x104m3/sec 2.56x104m3/sec 8.0x10 4n3/sec 2 .97x104m3/sec

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Rolf SchmuedMay 22, 1984Page 2

Average and maximum concentrations were obtained as discussed in thebody of the report . The emission calculations for the individual enginesare as follows :

MA-5 Engine (Booster ) (p 4-2)

Mass Flow of NO

Plume vol /sec x pollutant concentration (by vol) x pollutantweight (g/m3) II lmass flow/sec

.Q x 104) x -(1fi x 10-6) x (1 .914)mj/sec PPM 91M.3

2,450g/sec x

Mass Flow of CO :

,450g/sec

(1/454) - 5 .4lbs/seclbs/g

(8.0 x 10 ' ) x (650 x 10 ") x (1,160) - 60,3208 /sec - 132 .9 lbs/sec

Mass Flows of Particulates (Carbon)

Carbon concentration, average: 287 ag/scf(p 3-17 )

Mass flow of carbon

(8 .0x 104) x (287 x 10-6) x 35 .3 3= 810g/sec 1 .8 lbs/secm3/sec g/scf scf/m

BNA08602939

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Rolf SchmuedMay 22, 198 4Page 3

MA-3 Engine ( Booster ) (p 4-3)

Mass Flow of NO

(3 .66 x 104) x (10M3/sec

Mass Flow of CO

x 10

ppm

(1 .914) = 701g/secg/m3

(3.66 x 10-4) x (1475 x 10-6 ) x (1160 )

Mass Flow of HC

(3.66 x 10-4) x (1 .5 x 10..6) x (1830)

1.54 lbs/sec

62,622g/sec - 138 lbs/sec

100g/sec = 0 . 22 lbs/sec

Mass Flow of Carbon

(3 .66 x 10-4 ) x (15,880 x 10-6) _ 581g/secm3/sec g/m3

1 .28 lbs/sec

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HDMSe00241853

Rolf SchmuedMay 22, 1984Page 4

MA-3 Engine (Sustainer)

Mass Flow of NO

(2.21 x 104)m /sec

Mass Flow of CO

(2 .56 x 1

(23 .2 x 10-6 ) x (1,914) = 1137 g/sec = 2 .50 lbs/secppm g/m3

x (3200 x 10 ") x (1160)

Mass Flow of Carbon

(2 .56 x 10`x)m3/sec

(1306 x9/m`

5,027g/sec 209 lbs/sec

33 .4g/sec = 0 . 074 lbs/sec

BNA0860294 1

HDMSe00241854

Rolf Schmued

Page 5May 22, 1984

Mass Flow of N O

Mass Flow of CO

(2 .97 x 104) x (1235 x 10-6) x (1,160) _ 42,548g /sec - 93 .7 lbs/sec

Mass Flow of Carbon

(2 .97 x 104) x (6530 x 10-6) 194g/sec - 0.43 lbs/sec

Fred E. LittmanSenior Staff ScientistWestern Region Programs

HDMSe00241855