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8/12/2019 2_2 the Market for Plant Extract in Ruminant Livestock
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Jamie Newbold
The market for plant extract in
ruminant livestock
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BacteriaFungi
Protozoa
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Bacteria
~300 species
1010 to 1011cells/ml
Methanogenic
Archaea
~6 species
106to 108cells/ml
Anaerobic
Fungi
~30 species
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Rumen manipulation
Diet manipulation
Antibiotics
Other chemicals
Fats
Buffers
Immunological
Probiotics
Plant extracts
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Livestock production is consumerfocused
EU regulation 1831/2003
Definition of feed additive Substances, micro-organisms or preparations,
other than feed material and premixes, which
are intentionally added to feed or water inorder to perform, in particular, one or more ofthe functions mentioned in Article 5(3) of
1831/2003
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Ruminants lose between 3 8% of GE as methane
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CH4
CO2
Methanogens
Protozoa
H2
H2
Methane product ion: a m icrobial ly dr iven process to remove hydrogen
Feed
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Mitigation database - global
Global databasesearch
Wide scope of key
words 1400+ potential
referencesidentified
Limited by
Access
Selection criteria
Database so far
232 references
Ruminants only
Global coverage
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0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
mean
effectsize
all ruminantsCattle
Dairy
Sheep
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Major constraints limiting uptake
of plant extracts
the need to standardise and report theconcentration of active component
stability of the compounds in practical conditions
persistence of the effects/adaptation of therumen ecosystem
lack of in vivo data over a range of livestockproduction systems
effect of extract on the perceived quality of milkproducts
a lack of production data on which to basecalculations of market prices
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Major constraints limiting uptake
of plant extracts
the need to standardise and reportthe concentration of active
component stability of the compounds in practical conditions
persistence of the effects/adaptation of the rumenecosystem
lack of in vivo data over a range of livestock production
systems
effect of extract on the perceived quality of milk products
a lack of production data on which to base calculations ofmarket prices
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Genotypes
Variation commonlyoccur in plantscontaining volatileoils, e.g. Thyme(Thymus vulgaris) has 7 differentchemotypes, eachwith slightly different
types & amounts ofvolatile oils.
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Environmental factors
Temperature, humidity,duration of daylight(radiation), and windpatterns all have a direct
influence on volatile oilcontent.
e.g. Peppermint: long
days & temperate nights higher yields of oil &menthofuran. Cold nightslead to an increase in
menthol.
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Environmental factors
Cultivation practices alsoplay an important factorto the yield & quality ofthe final product.
Fertilization and theamounts of N, P and Khave been studied forvarious species.
The watering regimentalso plays an importantrole.
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Major constraints limiting uptake
of plant extracts
the need to standardise and report the concentration ofactive component
stability of the compounds in
practical conditions persistence of the effects/adaptation of the rumen
ecosystem
lack of in vivo data over a range of livestock production
systems effect of extract on the perceived quality of milk products
a lack of production data on which to base calculations ofmarket prices
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-0,5
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
Alicin DADS Ajoene Ally cysteine Vinyl Dithin
500
200
100
50
25
10
0
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Major constraints limiting uptake
of plant extracts
the need to standardise and report the concentration ofactive component
stability of the compounds in practical conditions
persistence of the effects/adaptationof the rumen ecosystem
lack of in vivo data over a range of livestock productionsystems
effect of extract on the perceived quality of milk products a lack of production data on which to base calculations of
market prices
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Major constraints limiting uptake
of plant extracts
the need to standardise and report the concentration ofactive component
stability of the compounds in practical conditions
persistence of the effects/adaptation of the rumenecosystem
lack of in vivo data over a range oflivestock production systems
effect of extract on the perceived quality of milk products a lack of production data on which to base calculations of
market prices
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The effect of a yeast based probiotic, Allicin an extract fromgarlic and the essential oil analogue on methane productionby and methanogen numbers in the rumen of store lambs
0,01
0,015
0,02
0,025
0,03
0,035
26
2728
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Control Allicin Yeast EO
Meth
anogensC
T
Methane(l/d)
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Major constraints limiting uptake
of plant extracts
the need to standardise and report the concentration ofactive component
stability of the compounds in practical conditions
persistence of the effects/adaptation of the rumenecosystem
lack of in vivo data over a range of livestock productionsystems
effect of extract on the perceivedquality of milk products
a lack of production data on which to base calculations ofmarket prices
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Major constraints limiting uptake
of plant extracts
the need to standardise and report the concentration ofactive component
stability of the compounds in practical conditions
persistence of the effects/adaptation of the rumenecosystem
lack of in vivo data over a range of livestock productionsystems
effect of extract on the perceived quality of milk products
a lack of production data on which tobase calculations of market prices
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![Review on Negative Impacts of Livestock …...emissions [14]. The amount of methane produced by different types of ruminant livestock is determined by different factors which are indicated](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/5f3334593dc2e902c0436dc2/review-on-negative-impacts-of-livestock-emissions-14-the-amount-of-methane.jpg)
