UCTEA The Chamber of Mining Engineers of TurkeyISBN: 978-605-01-0146-1 (Tk.) 978-605-01-0148-5 (II. Vol.)
EDITORDr. Şinasi ESKİKAYA
22nd WORLD MINING CONGRESSTURKISH NATIONAL COMMITTEE
22nd WORLD MINING CONGRESSTURKISH NATIONAL COMMITTEE
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VOLUME-II
22nd WORLDMININGCONGRESS & EXPO11-16 SEPTEMBERİSTANBUL-2011
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22nd WORLDMININGCONGRESS & EXPO11-16 SEPTEMBERİSTANBUL-2011
EditorDr. Şinasi Eskikaya
VOLUME II
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22nd WORLD MINING CONGRESS & EXPO11-16 SEPTEMBER 2011 / ISTANBUL
All rights reserved © 2011No parts of this book may be reproduced in any form or any means, without written permission of the Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey
Published by Aydoğdu Ofset, Ankara-TurkeyPhone: +90 (0312) 395 81 44, Fax: +90 (0312) 395 81 45
ISBN : 978-605-01-0146-1 (Takım) 978-605-01-0148-5 (2.Cilt)
Adress : The Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey Selanik Cad. 19/4 06650 Kızılay-ANKARA-TURKEYPhone : +90 (0312) 425 10 80 Fax: +90 (0312) 417 52 90Web : www.maden.org.trE-Posta : [email protected]
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ORGANIZING BOARDWMC Turkish National CommitteeChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey CONGRESS CHAIRMAN Rifat KONT
ORGANIZING COMMITTEEWMC Turkish National Committee,WMC IOC Member Rifat KONTChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey Mehmet TORUNMining Development Foundation of Turkey Prof. Dr. Güven ÖNAL
ADVISORY BOARDWMC Turkish National Committee,WMC IOC Member Tuğrul ERKİNGeneral Director of MTA Mehmet ÜZERGeneral Director of MIGEM Mehmet Hamdi YILDIRIMGeneral Director of TKI,WMC IOC Member Dr. Selahaddin ANAÇGeneral Director of TTK Burhan İNANGeneral Manager of ETİ Mining Orhan YILMAZPresident of BOREN Dr. Şükrü ÖZTÜRKPresident of TUMMER Selahattin ONURPresident of Council of Mining Sector İsmet KASAPOĞLUPresident of Gold Miners Association Ümit AKDUR
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEPresident - Atılım University Prof. Dr. Gülhan ÖZBAYOĞLUSecretary - Middle East Technical University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şebnem DÜZGÜNChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey F. Berna VATANDeputy General Manager of MTA Dr. Abdülkerim YÖRÜKOĞLUChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey Nahit ARIChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Ekrem YÜCEChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey Dr. Nejat TAMZOKMining Development Foundation of Turkey Ali TÜRKOĞLUMining Development Foundation of Turkey Alp GÜRKANDeputy General Director of Eti Mining Recep AKGÜNDÜZ
SOCIAL COMMITTEEWMC Turkish National Committee Ergün TUNCERChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey Asım KUTLUATAChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey Cemalettin SAĞTEKİNChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey Nadir AVŞAROĞLUMining Development Foundation of Turkey Murat TURANMining Development Foundation of Turkey Dr. Nijat GÜRSOYGeneral Manager of Ankara Natural Gas Co. H.İbrahim KIRŞANAssistant of General Manager of TKI Research Asst. Dr. Mustafa AKTAŞWMC Turkish National Committee Ergün YİĞİTMining Development Foundation of Turkey Dr. Güngör TUNCER
COMMITTEES
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FINANCIAL COMMITTEEWMC Turkish National Committee M.Bilgin KAYNARChamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey İbrahim YILMAZOĞLUGeneral Management of ETİ Mining Bekir ASLANPresident of Gold Miners Association Dr. Muhterem KÖSEMining Development Foundation of Turkey Selçuk BUYURGANWMC Turkish National Committee Dr. Orhan ÖZKOÇAK
NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC - EDITORIAL COMMITTEEPresident-WMC Turkish Natıonal Committee,WMC IOC Member Prof. Dr. Şinasi ESKİKAYASecretary, Middle East Technical university Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nuray DEMİRELSecretary, Istanbul Technical University Asst. Prof. Dr. Atilla ÖZTÜRKAtılım University Prof. Dr. Abdurrahim ÖZGENOĞLUMiddle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Ali İhsan AROLIstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Orhan KURALKaraelmas University Prof. Dr. Nuri Ali AKÇİNDokuz Eylul University Prof. Dr. İlknur CÖCENIstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Erdoğan YÜZERIstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Işık ÖZPEKERKaradeniz Technical University Prof. Dr. Ayhan KESİMALMiddle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Tevfik GÜYAGÜLERHacettepe University Prof. Dr. Bahtiyar ÜNVERKaraelmas University Prof. Dr. Vedat DİDARİAtılım University Prof. Dr.Günhan PAŞAMEHMETOĞLUHacettepe University Prof. Dr. Erhan TEZCANOsmangazi University Prof. Dr. Hüseyin ÖZDAĞDokuz Eylul University Prof. Dr. Halil KÖSEIstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Erkin NASUFIstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Neşet ACARKANDumlupınar University Prof. Dr. Güner ÖNCEMiddle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Ümit ATALAYMiddle East Technical University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aydın BİLGİNDicle University Prof. Dr. Fikri KAHRAMANIstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Hasan ERGİNİnönü University Prof. Dr. Musa SARIKAYAÇukurova University Prof. Dr. Mesut ANILKaraelmas University Prof. Dr. Yadigar MÜFTÜOĞLUKaraelmas University Prof. Dr. Sait KIZGUTCumhuriyet University Prof. Dr. Atilla CEYLANOĞLUCumhuriyet University Prof. Dr. Ahmet DEMİRCİHacettepe University Prof. Dr. Ö.Yıldırım GÜLSOYDokuz Eylül University Prof. Dr. Ercüment YALÇINDumlupınar University Prof. Dr. Cem ŞENSÖĞÜTIstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Nuh BİLGİNMiddle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Celal KARPUZIstanbul University Prof. Dr. Şafak Gökhan ÖZKANKaraelmas University Prof. Dr. Hasan GERÇEKÇukurova University Prof. Dr. Adem ERSOYHacettepe University Prof. Dr. Seyfi KULAKSIZIstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Fatma ARSLAN
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22nd WORLD MINING CONGRESS & EXPO 11-16 September 2011 / ISTANBUL
Middle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Çetin HOŞTENSüleyman Demirel University Prof. Dr. Saim SARAÇNiğde University Prof. Dr. Sair KAHRAMANAtılım University Prof. Dr. Neşe ÇELEBİİnönü University Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖNALCumhuriyet University Prof. Dr. Yakup CEBECİSelçuk University Prof. Dr. M.Kemal GÖKAYKocatepe University Prof. Dr. Eyüp SABAHIstanbul University Prof. Dr. Ataç BAŞÇETİNDicle University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa AYHAN
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEEPresident - WMC Turkish National Committee Prof. Dr. Şinasi ESKİKAYAColorado School Of Mines, USA Prof. Dr. Kadri DAĞDELENImperial College, UK Prof. Dr. Şevket DURUCANColorado School Of Mines, USA Prof. Dr. Uğur ÖZBAYColombia University, USA Prof. Dr. Tuncel YEGÜLALPPittsburg Research Lab, USA Prof. Dr.Güner GÜRTUNCAAustralia Prof. Dr. Najdat AZİZSouth Africa Prof. Dr. Huv R. PHILIPSPoland Prof. Dr. Jerzy KICKIIndia Prof. Dr. A.K.GHOSEChina Prof. Dr. Zu DERENAustria Prof. Dr. Leopold WEBERRussia Prof. Dr. V.A. KHARCHENKOCzech Republic Prof. Dr. T. CERMAKIndia Dr. M. P. NARAYANANUSA Dr. D. MENZIEVietnam Dr. Chi My YOSouth Africa Dr. Rymon LIPINSKICroatia P. VOJUCZKIMorocco T. BENMLIHMexico Jaime GUTIEREZIran Ali ALMASIUSA Prof. Dr. Hasan SEVİMIran Hamidi ANARAKİBulgaria Prof. Dr. Vlodko PANAVATOVGermany Prof. Dr. Manfred RUMBERGERGermany Prof. Dr. Halit Ziya KUYUMCUUSA Prof. Dr. Levent ÖZDEMİRFinland Prof. Dr. Raimo MATIKANENStanford University, USA W. Gary ErnstAachen University, Germany Prof.Dr.-Ing.Dipl.- Wirt.Ing. Per Nicolai MartensTelstra Corp.Ltd, Australia T.F.GuerinUniversity of Alberta, Canada Prof. Dr. David CheckelUniversity of Abertay Dundee Prof. Dr. Philippe BaveyeInstitute of Chemical Technology, Prague Katerina DemnerovaTexas University, USA Prof.Dr.Danny ReibleMissouri University of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. Samuel Frimpong
This congress has been encouraged by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources and by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture of the Republic of Turkey.
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CONTENTSWORLD NATIONALGlobal Trends in Mining ProductionL. Weber ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3Mergers and Acquisitions Vis-A-Vis Global Mining IndustryRana Som, N.K. Nanda, Shailendra Kumar ........................................................................................................................................11Global Resource Management: A Dream or a Vital Need?R. Arat 23Mining in Europe - Status, Trends and OutlookDrnek, Thomas L. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31Leveraging Leadership Potential During Crisis – Company PracticeLachezar Tsotsorkov, Alexander Chobanov ........................................................................................................................................ 37Managing Social Risks in Mining Projects Through Effective Stakeholder EngagementLalit Kumar, Hilde Van Vlaenderen ..................................................................................................................................................... 45Minimum Requirements for National Minerals PoliciesL. Weber ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 51Mining and Development:The Impact Analysis On The National Economy and Environment Yoshitaka Hosoi .................................................................................................................................................................................. 59The Benchmark of Polish Mining Enterprises in the View of Determinants of Geological-Mining ActivityMarian Turek, Izabela Jonek-Kowalska .............................................................................................................................................. 69Scientific and Technical Providing of Boosting Development of Kazakhstan Mining Industry B.R.Rakishev ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 81Czech Republic: A National Perspective of Mining IndustryJosef Havelka, Vladimir Budinsky, Vladimir Slivka ............................................................................................................................. 87Analysis of the Breakeven Point Mining Company in Terms of a Variable Level of Demand for CoalD. Fuksa ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 93The Strategy of Lignite Mining Industry in Poland in the First Half of 21st Century Antoni Tajduś, Piotr Czaja, Marek Cała, Zbigniew Kasztelewicz ..................................................................................................... 101Foundation of Serbian Mineral Resources PolicyPavlović Vladimir, Jakovljevic Ivica, Dragosavljevic Zlatko, Milanovic Radivoje .............................................................................. 107Review of the draft Mining Strategy of Albania based on the Regional and EU Policies Sokol Mati, Valbona Verleni ...............................................................................................................................................................113Kazakhstan, Leading Global Uranium Producer B.R. Rakishev, S.M. Sushko ............................................................................................................................................................. 127Mineral Resource Classification: A Due Diligence PerspectiveA. Arik 133Lignite Resource Estimation by UnwrinklingA.Erhan Tercan, Bahtiyar Ünver, Mehmet Ali Hindistan .................................................................................................................... 139
MACHINE TECHNOLOGYEffect of Working Parameters on Luminance Values on Treated Surfaces on Surface Treatment With Pure Water JetY. Ozcelik, M. Gursel, R. Ciccu, G. Costa ......................................................................................................................................... 145Experience Gained on Mechanized Tunnelling in Istanbul and Some Recommendations for Mining Industry N.Bilgin, H.Copur, C.Balci, D.Tumac, E.Avunduk ............................................................................................................................. 155Overview to Ongoing Metro Projects in Istanbul, TurkeyI. Ocak 161Preparation Work for TBM Excavation on the Ankara-Istanbul High Speed Train Project No 26 Tunnelİ. Topal, A.Gıcır, K. Oğul, C.O. Aksoy, E. Poşluk, S.C. Özer, V. Özacar ........................................................................................... 169A Deterministic Model for Predicting and Optimizing Performance of Chain Saw MachinesH.Copur, C.Balci, N.Bilgin, D.Tumac, E.Avunduk, M.A.Saracoglu, A.Serter .................................................................................... 175Current Issues on Tool Lacing Design of Coal Shearers and Chain Saw MachinesO. Z. Hekimoglu ................................................................................................................................................................................ 183Use of Laboratory Full Scale Cutting Tests for the of Surface Continuous Miners: A Case Study, Yenice- Barite Mine in TurkeyC.Balci, H.Copur, D.Ergunalp, D.Tumac, N.Bilgin ............................................................................................................................ 191
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Current Research in the Development of a Self-Steering Continuous MinerDavid C. Reid, Mark T. Dunn, Jonathon C. Ralston, Peter B. Reid .................................................................................................. 197Telecollaboration for the Remote Operation of Mining Equipment K.Haustein,C.James, T.Bednarz,C.Caris,L.Alem .............................................................................................................................. 203Analysis and Optimization of Drilling Operating Parameters in Coring and Drilling OperationsV.C. Kelessidis, H. Ergin ................................................................................................................................................................... 209Simulation and Automation of a Nine-Axis Drill Boom for Underground Mining and Tunnelling S.N.Ahmed,O.Matikainen,R.Lipic,P.Dupuis ...................................................................................................................................... 217Software for Design of Drilling & Blasting Operations at HEPP ConstructionU. Kalayci, U. Ozer, A. Karadogan, M.C. Celiksirt, V. Erkan ............................................................................................................. 227Cyclic-Line Technologies on Coal Cuts of KazakhstanB.R.Rakishev, S.K.Moldabaev .......................................................................................................................................................... 233Structural Model of Information System for Quality Management of MiningYordanka Anastasova ....................................................................................................................................................................... 239Control and Identification Systems in the Mining IndustryK.Stankiewicz, D.Jasiulek, J.Rogala-Rojek, M.Woszczyński, S.Jendrysik ....................................................................................... 243Posibilities of Mechanization of Top Coal Caving Extraction Method in Jiul Valley-Romania MinesI.Andras,N.Ilias, M.Melcer,M.Hoara,L.Toma,A.Cornescu ................................................................................................................. 251Mining Horizontal Workings With Equipment Made in RomaniaSorin Mihailescu, Gabriel Praporgescu ............................................................................................................................................ 255Applicability of the Recent Cutting Machines in Underground Dimensional Stone QuarriesIvan Cotman ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 261Evaluation of the Granite Surfaces Produced by AWJGokhan Aydın, Izzet Karakurt, Kerim Aydıner .................................................................................................................................. 273Cutting Performance of the Granite Cut By AWJ: Effect of the Grain Size Izzet Karakurt, Gokhan Aydın, Kerim Aydıner .................................................................................................................................. 277Interaction Between Several Underground Methods for Construction of Auxiliary Metro Tunnels Nikolay Zhechev ............................................................................................................................................................................... 283INTELLIGENT MACHINES AND SYSTEMS USED IN THE GERMAN HARD COAL MINING INDUSTRYDirk Ostermann; ............................................................................................................................................................................... 289
MINING AND ENVIRONMENTThe Inventory of Abandoned Mine Sites in Austria –A GIS-Based Tool for Decision MakersP. Lipiarski, A. Schedl, B. Atzenhofer, J. Mauracher, S. Pfleiderer ................................................................................................... 297Safe Spatial Planning in Former Mining Areas in Poland –The Archive of Mine Survey and Geological Documentation for Closed Down Mines As a Local Solution to a Global ProblemMiroslaw Koziura, Wlodzimierz Mosor, Marek Tarabula ................................................................................................................... 303Landscape Potential in Postmining LocalitiesHana Hrajnohova Gillarova, Tomas Kazmierski, Lubomir Bodlak, Emilie Pecharova ...................................................................... 313Planning of Education and Information Infrastructure in Reclaimed Landscape Tomas Kazmierski, Hana Hrajnohova Gillarova, Lubomir Bodlak, Miroslav Martis .......................................................................... 319Eco Friendly Mining-Coal India’s InitiativeA.K.Debnath, J.K.Goel, B.Dayal, V.Arora ......................................................................................................................................... 327The Changes of the Surface Water Physico-Chemical Parameters in the Reclaimed Post-Mining Landscape L. Bodlak, M. Korandova, K. Krovakova, H. Hrajnohova Gillarova, T. Kazmierski, E. Pecharova ................................................... 339Application of Eutectic Freeze Crystallization to the Treatment of Mining WastewatersR Jivanji, J Nathoo, W van der Merwe, A Human, AE Lewis ............................................................................................................ 345Stability in the Environment of Salt Creep at the Waste Isolation Pilot PlantShankar Ghose ................................................................................................................................................................................. 351Passive Treatment of Polluted Waters in a Uranium DepositS. Groudev, I. Spasova, M. Nicolova and P. Georgiev .................................................................................................................... 359Surface Paste Disposal of High-Sulphide Tailings. Part 1 - Construction of Cells M. Oliveira, P. Falé, A. Rodrigues ..................................................................................................................................................... 365
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Negative Impact from Mining Activities at Open Cast Mine “Tamnava-West Field”Nadica Drljevic,Zoran Rascanin ....................................................................................................................................................... 373Use of TBM Excavated Materials As Rock Filling Material in a Quarry Pit Designed for Water StorageN.Tokgöz ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 377Environmental Remediation Solutions of Rosia Montana Mining AreaLazar Maria, Avram Horia, Szentesi Cecilia .................................................................................................................................... 389The Environmental Impact of the Closed Copper Mine in Rehova,Albania S.Lipo,E.Hoxha ................................................................................................................................................................................. 399
ROCK MECHANICSPrediction of Rock Strength from Mechanical Data of Drilling Zhantao Li,Ken-ichi Itakura ............................................................................................................................................................... 407Gheomechanical Characterization of Rock Masses for Design Considerations a Case Study: Gol-E-Gohar No.1 Iron Ore Mine K. Shahriar, H. Boustanzar, R. Torabi, H.R. Mohammadi ................................................................................................................. 413Rock Classification and Reinforcement Studies on Kastamonu-Küre Eti Bakır MineH. Tunçdemir, E.Güçlü, O.Bayram, C. Şengül, S.Karabay, K. Yüre ................................................................................................. 421Rock Mass Quality Evaluation in 3rd Koohrang Dam Site Using Seismic TomographyMohammad Hoseini ......................................................................................................................................................................... 429Estimation of the Deformation Modulus of Limestone in Asmari Formation – Zagros Mountains-IranM. Sharifzadeh, Z. Aliabadian ........................................................................................................................................................... 435Geomechanical Processes in Rocks Around Longwalls in Terms of Coal Mine “Samarskaya” (Ukraine)Yu.M. Khalimendik,A.V. Martovitsky, O.O. Sdvyzhkova,O.M. Shashenko ....................................................................................... 443Modelling of Non-Linear Behavior of Rock BlastsG. Aldas,B. Ecevitoğlu,B. Kaypak,A. Can,E. Babayiğit .................................................................................................................... 449The Effectiveness of Destressing Blasts in Mines of the Katowice Coal Holding Roman Loj, Boguslaw Syrek ........................................................................................................................................................... 457Reinforced Earth Walls Terramesh Systems in Mining ProjectsHugo Egoavil Perea, Giorgio Giacchetti ........................................................................................................................................... 461Review of Rock Strength CriteriaA.Lakirouhani, H. Hasanzadehshooiili .............................................................................................................................................. 473The Application of Fuzzy Logic in the Rock Mass Blast Ability Fuzzification H.Samareh, M.Ataei, S.E.Rahimi, M.Mohamadi ............................................................................................................................. 483Technological and Geomechanical Logistics for Underground Ore MiningG. Mihaylov ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 493Predicting Mechanical Properties of Magnetite of Gol-e-Gohar Iron Mine Using Non-destructive TestsK. Shahriar, H. Boustanzar, G. Sattari, H.R. Mohammadi ................................................................................................................ 501Use of GSI Classification System in Performance Prediction of Hard Rock TBMsK. Shahriar, J. Khademi Hamidi, M. Hedayatzadeh ..........................................................................................................................511Rockburst Hazard Conditions on the Basis of Deformation Monitoring in the Tashtagol MineLobanova, T.V., Leontiev, A.V., Miroshnichenko, N.A........................................................................................................................ 517
DIFFERENTAssessment of Hydrothermal Altered Minerals by Processing of Aster Images in the Northwest of IranA.A. Rasouli, K. Babaei .................................................................................................................................................................... 525Ore-Age: An Intelligent Decision Support and Education Tool for Mining Method SelectionC. Güray,N.,Çelebi ........................................................................................................................................................................... 535Discrimination Between Mineralized and Barren Copper Porphyry Deposits Using Temperature DataT. Habibi, A. Hezarkhani ................................................................................................................................................................... 543An expert system for supporting mine production planning in multi-plant mining enterprisesEdyta Brzychczy, Roman Magda, Tadeusz Franik, Marek Kęsek, Tadeusz Woźny, Aneta Napieraj ................................................ 551Investigation of CO2 Emissions Based on Energy Consumption in the Production of Aggregate A. Bascetin, D. Adigüzel and S. Tüylü .............................................................................................................................................. 559Examining The Glazability of Andesites With Glaze Coating Materials Containing Boron MineralsA.Sarıışık, G.Sarıışık, M.K.Gökay, A.Şentürk .................................................................................................................................. 567
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Tailings Dam „Benkovski 2” – Systems for Water Supply and Management of the WatersS.Dimitrov ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 577Investigation of the Suitability of National Iron Ore Mine Tailings for Brick ProductionAdebimpe,R. A, Adams J.A ............................................................................................................................................................... 581Coal-Matrix Swelling by CO2 Adsorption and a Model of Permeability ReductionK. Sasaki,F. Angara,Y. Sugai ............................................................................................................................................................ 593Laboratory Experiments Using AE Monitoring to Evaluate Coal Combustion During UCGKen-ichi Itakura,Junki Fukuyama,Faqiang SU,Gota Deguchi,Kotaro Ohga,Tatsuhiko Goto,Yutaka Yoshida ................................... 599Characteristics of Ancient Underground Quarries Turkey & Egypt and Their ComparisonSeyfi Kulaksız,Ömer Aydan ............................................................................................................................................................. 607Organic Modification of Reşadiye Bentonite and Investigation of 75Se AdsorptionE.Oruçoğlu, S.Hacıyakupoğlu .......................................................................................................................................................... 615Aramid in Conveyor Belts: A Strong Energy Saving SolutionK. Arts .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 623The Determination of Physico-Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Fly Ash Used in Mining IndustryD.K. Szponder, K.Trybalski ............................................................................................................................................................... 629New Techniques and Technologies in Mining – Bondarenko, Kovalevs’ka Dychkovs’kyy(eds) E. Romaschin, I. Saleev ................................................................................................................................................................... 641Effect of Extenders on the Rheological and Filtrate Properties of Drilling BentonitesBülent Toka, A.İhsan Arol,M.Evren Özbayoğlu ................................................................................................................................. 647Reduction of Dilution Ore Material With Optimization of Grade Control Sampling in Sungun Copper Mine, Azerbijan, IranHamid Norouzi, Hamid Reza Golchin, Rasoul Tajaddodianfa .......................................................................................................... 657Plant Type Selection for Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine Reclamation by Fuzzy-AHP MethodD. Afshin Akbari ,Iraj Alavi ................................................................................................................................................................. 665Thermal Behavior of Manganese-Siderite From Kremikovtzi Iron Ore-DepositJ. Jonkov,D. Mochev ....................................................................................................................................................................... 675Fluid Inclusion Studies of Garnets From the Çavuslu Fe Skarn Deposit, Malatya, TurkeyL. Kalender, M. Altunbey, S. Akbıyık ................................................................................................................................................. 681Beneficiation of low grade iron ore fines of Sandur area, Bellary district, Karnataka, India.Narendra Kumar Nanda ................................................................................................................................................................... 687JUSTIFIСATION OF PARAMETERS OF BOREHOLE UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFIСATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE MINES OF OJSC «PAVLOGRADVUGILLIA»V. Bondarenko, V. Falshtynskyy, R. Dychkovs’kyy V.Chervatyuk ..................................................................................................... 693Borehole Drilling in Retained Entry for Co-extraction of Gas and CoalLiang Yuan ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 703MINING SOLUTIONS IN CENTRAL URBAN AREAS AND UNDER MAIN STREETSNikolay Zhechev ............................................................................................................................................................................... 713CHARACTERIZATION OF BALL CLAYS FROM TABAS-IRAN FOR THE CERAMIC INDUSTRYA.R.Ganji, H.R.Masoumi .................................................................................................................................................................. 719HARD ROCK CUTTING WITH SMART*CUT TECHNOLOGYX.S. Li, B. Tiryaki, Paul W. Cleary .................................................................................................................................................... 725HEAP LEACHING TECHNIQUE IN MINING WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES (BAT)Caner Zanbak ................................................................................................................................................................................... 733PROECOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY OF METHANE UTILIZATION FROM MINESS. Nawrat, S. Napieraj, B. Kucharczyk, B. Stasińska ....................................................................................................................... 745A MACHINE VISION-BASED APPROACH FOR MEASURING DIFFERENT EQUIVALENT DIAMETERS of PARTICLESE.Hamzeloo, M.Massinaei, N.Mehrshad .......................................................................................................................................... 749LOW IRON SILICA SAND FOR GLASSMAKINGA. Valchev, M. Marinov, I. Grigorova, I. Nishkov ............................................................................................................................... 755COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF GOLD MINING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION METHODSO.R. ÜNALDI, S.A. AKSOY, G. GÜLLÜ ............................................................................................................................................ 761APPLICATION OF HEAP LEACHING AS BAT FOR THE GOLD PROCESSING AT KISLADAG GOLD MINEH.N. Utkucu, J. Sakiyan Ates ............................................................................................................................................................ 771
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PROECOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY OF METHANE UTILIZATION FROM
MINES S. Nawrat1, S. Napieraj2, B. Kucharczyk3, B. Stasińska4 1 Professor, AGH University of Science and Technology, 2 MSc., AGH University of Science and Technology, 3 PhD, Wrocław University of Technology, 4 PhD, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
ABSTRACT
Coal production is accompanied by the release of methane, which for security reasons is removed from the mine. Annually in Poland, around 580 million m3 of methane is emitted into the atmosphere by the air ventilation. Methane is a greenhouse gas and has a greenhouse potential 21 times bigger than carbon dioxide. The maximum content of methane in the air ventilation according to the Polish mining law amounts to 0.75%. The use of methane from the air ventilation is very important from economic and environmental reasons. Big challenge for mining is utilization of Ventilation Air Methane (VAM). The world has conducted intensive research that led to the development of many technologies and devices that allow for carrying out the process of low methane concentration mixtures oxidation. Efficient way to use a low concentration air-methane mixture is catalytic oxidation.
Polish analysis and research has been conducted for many years: (1) at the AGH University of Science and Technology in range of methane drainage and
utilization of methane from air ventilation (2) in Wrocław University of Technology and Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in range of
methane catalyst oxidation. The current status of work at these Universities has allowed for undertaking research that will
build devices for the utilization of methane from coal seams, including the mine air ventilation from mine.
The article presents the IUMK 1/1 laboratory scale installation for utilization air-methane mixtures up to 2% of methane concentration, together with an analysis of the energy of methane oxidation. Additionally, the article presents the assumptions for the pilot-plant for the utilization of ventilation air methane in JAS MOS coal mine.
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S. Nawrat, S. Napieraj, B. Kucharczyk, B. Stasińska
1 INTRODUCTION Methane from mines accompaniing the primary mineral exploitation - coal and not received by the drainage, in the greater part is excreted into the air ventilation, creating an air methane mixtures with different methane content (VAM). Methane utilization from coal beds is very important because of the following reasons: •economic – Coal Beds Methane according to the Polish mining law is primary mineral, •ecological – methane emission to the atmosphere creates greenhouse effect. In the Polish mines, underground drainage has been developed for many years. Use of methane in heat and energy plants increased from 124 mln m3CH4/year in 2000 year to 161,1 mln m3CH4/year in 2010 year The utilization of Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) is considered as a big challenge for mining . In coal mines, methane occurring in coal seams is emitted to ventilation air making methane-air mixtures with methane content from 0.0% to 0.75% (according to Polish mining law 0.75% is max methane content in the air ventilation). The world has conducted intensive research that led to the development of many technologies and devices, allowing to carry out the process of low methane concentration mixtures oxidation
2 VAM RESOURCES IN POLAND
In the Polish coal mines total methane emission has grown since 2001, despite a decrease in the numbers of mines and coal production. Ventilation Air Methane and Drainage volume presents Table 1 In 2010 total methane emission in Polish coal mines was 1588,39 m3CH4/min (834,9 mln m3CH4/year), with air ventilation 1 101 m3CH4/min (579,0 mln m3 CH4/year), with drainage 487 m3CH4/min (255,9 mln m3CH4/year).
The annual resources of methane in the air ventilation (VAM) in Polish coal mines are approximately 580 million m3CH4 and they are not used as fuel for heat and power plants.
In Poland, performed work on the economic utilization of methane from mine ventilation air to produce electricity and heat, but there is a few technical, technological and economical barriers impeding the development of use such technology. In Poland, analysis and research is conducted for many years: 1. at the AGH University of Science and Technology in range of methane drainage and utilization of methane from the air ventilation, 2. in Wrocław University of Technology and Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in range of methane catalyst oxidation.
The current status of work at these Universities allows to undertake research that will build devices
for the utilization of methane from coal seams, including the mine ventilation air. Table 1. Ventilation Air Methane and Drainage volume since 2001 to 2010 [Konopko 2011]
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
20
08
2009
20
10
Total methane emmision (mln m3CH4/ year) 74
3,7
752,
6
798,
1
825,
9
851,
1
870,
3
878,
9 88
0,9
855,
7 83
4,9
Drainage (mln m3CH4/ year) 21
4,3
207,
3
227,
1
217,
2
255,
3
289,
5
268,
8 27
4,2
259,
8 25
5,9
Used methane (mln m3CH4/ year) 13
1,5
122,
4
127,
8
144,
2
144,
8
158,
3
165,
7 15
6,5
159,
5 16
1,1
Number of coal mines 42
42
41
39
33
33
31
31
31
32
Coal output (mln Mg of coal) 10
2,6
102,
1
100,
4
99,5
97,1
94,3
87,4
83
,6
77,3
76
,1
3 INSTALLATION FOR METHANE UTILIZATION FROM VAM
The basic installation of devices to enable utilization of methane from underground coal mines is: 1. device for taking gas (VAM) from coal mine ventilation shaft, 2. gas drainage installation, 3. fan for transport VAM to reactor oxidizing methane, 4. mixer for mixing gas drainage with VAM, 5. reactor oxidizing methane and produce gases containing mainly carbon dioxide and heat, 6. heat exchanger for energy purposes such as heating or electricity production, 7. chimney flues into the atmosphere, 8. Measuring equipment
Measurable effect of the project should be to build and test following installations: 1. IUMK – 1/0 Semi-laboratory installation allowing oxidize methane from 0.4 to 2.0% in air and produces gases containing mainly carbon dioxide - without the use of thermal energy generated 2. IUMK – 1/1 Semi-laboratory installation allowing oxidize methane from 0.4 to 2.0% in air and produces gases containing mainly carbon dioxide – with heat energy production (1kW power)
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3. IUMK - 2/0 semi-technical, allowing oxidize methane from 0.4 to 2.0% in air from ventilation air and mine drainage (possibility of adding methane drainage) and to obtain gases containing mainly carbon dioxide - without the use of thermal energy generated (replacing methane emissions of carbon dioxide emissions is very beneficial because methane contributes to the greenhouse effect level 21 times greater than carbon dioxide) 4. IUMK - 2/100 semi-technical, allowing oxidize methane from 0.4 to 2.0% in air from ventilation air and mine drainage (possibility of adding methane drainage) and to obtain gases containing mainly carbon dioxide - with heat energy production 100kW [Nawrat 2010]
The basic layout of the use of VAM technology presents Fig.1.
Figure 1. Scheme of IUMK 2/100 installation
4 RESEARCH OF IUMK-1/0 AND IUMK-1/1 IN LABORATORY SCALE
Oxidation of methane in the IUMK-1 occurs at a temperature of 350-400 °C and the concentration of methane from 0.4-2.0%.
The reactor may receipt heat from the reactor core by using heat exchanger or from gases.
Therefore, in order to receive heat from the reactor, the heat exchanger WC-1 will be designed and constructed , which was tested to determine the thermodynamic optimum design.
Conducted research on the rationalization of work IUMK-1 in terms of thermal insulation and heat use of the reactor allowed the optimization of activities in the reactor.
Technical and technological parameters for installation IUMK-1/0 and IUMK-1/1 with reactor KRUM-1 is presented on Table 1.
The results of methane oxidation in the reactor KRUM-1 and heat exchanger WC-1 allowed preparation of technological documentation "Installation for utilization of ventilation air methane from coal mines (IUMK-1/0 and IUMK-1/1)".
IUMK-1 installation is present in Fig. 2. Table 1. Technical parameters for installation IUMK-1/0 and IUMK-1/1 Air volume Vp = 20 m3/h Methane concentration zCH4 = 0.4-1 % The calorific value of methane
Wd = 35 MJ/m3
The efficiency of oxidation reactor
h = 50%
Methane volume VCH4 = 0,2 m3/h Theoretical thermal efficiency of the reactor (without loss)
Qt = 7 MJ/h
Theoretical power (without loss)
Pt = 1,95 kW
Efficiency Q = 3,5 MJ/h Power P = 0,97 kW
Figure 2. VAM catalytic oxidation installation IUMK-1/1
5 PILOT PLANT INSTALLATION IUMK-2/0 AND IUMK 2/100
Pilot plant research will be conducted in the coal mine Jas-Mos in Jastrzębie Zdrój City [Nawrat 2011].
Based on the documentation "Installation for utilization of ventilation air methane from coal mines (IUMK-1/0 and IUMK-1/1)", the special device IUMK-2 will be built in a semi-technical scale including: 1. fan installation for pumping VAM from ventilation shaft to reactor KRUM-100 2. gas mixer (MG-2) for mixing VAM and drainage methane 3. catalytic reactor (RKUM-100) 4. heat exchanger (WC-2) with power 100kW
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Visualization of IUMK-2/100 installation is present in Fig. 3
Figure 3 Visualization of IUMK-2 in coal mine Jas-Mos
Technical parameters of IUMK-2/0 and IUMK-2/100 in semi technical scale with reactor KRUM-100 are shown in Table 1. Table 2. Technical parameters of IUMK-2/0 and IUMK-2/100 in semi technical scale with reactor KRUM-100 VAM volume VVAM = 1000 –
6000 m3/h Methane content in VAM zCH4 = 0,4-1 % The calorific value of methane Wd = 35 MJ/m3 The efficiency of oxidation reactor
h = 90%
Methane volume VCH4 = 12 m3/h Theoretical thermal efficiency of the reactor (without loss)
Qt =420 MJ/h
Theoretical power (without loss) Pt = 116,7 kW Efficiency Q = 380 MJ/h Power P = 105 kW
6 CONCLUSIONS
1. Conducted laboratory tests have confirmed the energy effectiveness of the installation of UMK-1 and the correctness of its design.
2. In Poland, VAM emissions into the atmosphere reaches to 579 million m3CH4 each year and therefore it is advisable to conduct research on the utilization of methane from mine ventilation air.
3. Construction of pilot-scale device IUMK-2, will be the basis for the development of VAM utilization installations in industrial scale.
REFERENCES
Konopko Władysław, 2011, Raport roczny (2010), Główny Instytut Górnictwa, Katowice, page amount (23-27)
Stanisław Nawrat, Sebastian Napieraj, 2010, Analiza możliwości utylizacji metanu z powietrza wentylacyjnego z szybów polskich kopalń węgla
kamiennego — The analysis of methane utilization possibilities from discharge air from mining shafts of the Polish hard coal mines / Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie ; ISSN 2081-4224. page amount (22–29)
Stanisław Nawrat, Sebastian Napieraj, Natalia Schmidt, Paweł Kamiński, 2011, Proekologiczna technologia utylizacji metanu z kopalń [Proecological technology of coal mine methane utilization], Materiały konferencyjne XX Szkoły Eksploatacji Podziemnej, page amount (57–59)
