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Chapter 6– Artifacts of Chapter 6– Artifacts of the processthe process

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Artifacts DefinitionArtifacts Definition

An An artifactsartifacts represents cohesive represents cohesive information that typically developed & information that typically developed & reviewed as a single entityreviewed as a single entity

To make the development of a To make the development of a complete software system complete software system manageable, distinct collection of manageable, distinct collection of information are organised into information are organised into artifacts setsartifacts sets

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Life cycle software artifactsLife cycle software artifacts

Life cycle software are organized into five setsLife cycle software are organized into five sets

Management setManagement set – Ad-hoc textual formats – Ad-hoc textual formats RequirementsRequirements – organised text & models of the – organised text & models of the problem spaceproblem space DesignDesign – Models of solution space – Models of solution space ImplementationImplementation – Human-readable – Human-readable

programmingprogramming language & associated source fileslanguage & associated source files DeploymentDeployment – machine-processable language & – machine-processable language & associated filesassociated files

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Management & Engineering setManagement & Engineering set

The The Management artifactsManagement artifacts capture the capture the information information

necessary to synchronize stakeholder necessary to synchronize stakeholder expectationsexpectations

( ( English textEnglish text ) )

The The Engineering artifactsEngineering artifacts (requirements,design,(requirements,design,

implementation & deployment ) are captured implementation & deployment ) are captured in rigorous notations that support automated in rigorous notations that support automated analysis & browsing ( analysis & browsing ( C++, Visual Basic, java, C++, Visual Basic, java, standard document template, a standard standard document template, a standard spreadsheet template, or a UMLspreadsheet template, or a UML ) )

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Overview of the artifact setsOverview of the artifact setsRequirements Sets

  

• 1   Vision document

2 Requirements models

Design Sets  

1   Design Model

2   Test Mode

3 Software\ architecture

description

Implementation Sets

      Source

code baselines

     

Associated Compile-time

files 

    

Components executables

Deployment

Sets      Integrated product executable baselines            Associated run- time files           User manual

Management Sets Planning Activities Operational Activities 

1 Work breakdown structure 5. Release Description 2 Business case 6. Status Assessments 3 Release Specification 7. Software change order database 4 Software Development Plan 8. Deployment document 9. Environment

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The Management Set( 1 of 3 )The Management Set( 1 of 3 )

The The management setmanagement set captures the artifacts associated with captures the artifacts associated with

Process planning ActivitiesProcess planning Activities Process Execution ( Operational ) ActivitiesProcess Execution ( Operational ) Activities

These artifacts use ad-hoc notations including text, graphics or whatever presentation required to These artifacts use ad-hoc notations including text, graphics or whatever presentation required to

capture the contracts among project personnel & stakeholdercapture the contracts among project personnel & stakeholder

Process planning ActivitiesProcess planning Activities

Specific artifacts include under this areSpecific artifacts include under this are

Work breakdown StructureWork breakdown Structure – Activity breakdown & financial tracking – Activity breakdown & financial tracking mechanismsmechanisms

Business caseBusiness case – Cost, Schedule, Profit expectations – Cost, Schedule, Profit expectations

Release SpecificationsRelease Specifications – Scope, Plan, Objectives for release baselines – Scope, Plan, Objectives for release baselines

Software development planSoftware development plan – Project process instance – Project process instance

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The Management Set (2 of 3 )The Management Set (2 of 3 )

Process Execution( Operational ) ActivitiesProcess Execution( Operational ) Activities Specific artifacts include under this areSpecific artifacts include under this are

Release descriptions Release descriptions – results of release baselines– results of release baselines

Status assessmentStatus assessment – Periodic snapshots of project progress – Periodic snapshots of project progress

Software change order databaseSoftware change order database – Descriptions of discrete baseline changes – Descriptions of discrete baseline changes

Deployment documentsDeployment documents – Cutover plan, training course, sales rollout kit – Cutover plan, training course, sales rollout kit

EnvironmentEnvironment – Hardware & Software tools, process automation, – Hardware & Software tools, process automation, documentation,documentation,

training collateral necessary to support the execution of the training collateral necessary to support the execution of the process described in the development plan & production of theprocess described in the development plan & production of the engineering artifactsengineering artifacts

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The Management Set (3 of 3 )The Management Set (3 of 3 )

Management set artifactsManagement set artifacts are evaluated, assessed & measured are evaluated, assessed & measured through through

a combination of the followinga combination of the following

Relevant stakeholder reviewRelevant stakeholder review

Analysis of changes between the current version of the Analysis of changes between the current version of the

artifacts & previous versionsartifacts & previous versions

Major milestone demonstrations of the balance among all artifacts Major milestone demonstrations of the balance among all artifacts

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The Engineering Set ( 1 of 5 )The Engineering Set ( 1 of 5 )

The The Engineering setsEngineering sets consists of consists of

Requirements setRequirements set

Design setDesign set

Implementation setImplementation set

Deployment setDeployment set

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The Engineering Set ( 2 of 5 )The Engineering Set ( 2 of 5 )

Requirements artifactsRequirements artifacts are evaluated, assessed & measured through are evaluated, assessed & measured through a combination of the followinga combination of the following

Analysis of consistency with the release specification of theAnalysis of consistency with the release specification of the management setmanagement set

Analysis of consistency with the vision & the requirement modelsAnalysis of consistency with the vision & the requirement models

Mapping against remaining engineering artifacts sets to evaluate Mapping against remaining engineering artifacts sets to evaluate the consistency & completenessthe consistency & completeness

Analysis of changes between the current version of requirements Analysis of changes between the current version of requirements artifacts & previous versionartifacts & previous version

Subjective review of other dimensions of qualitySubjective review of other dimensions of quality

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The Engineering Set ( 3 of 5 )The Engineering Set ( 3 of 5 )

Design set Design set are evaluated, assessed & measured through are evaluated, assessed & measured through a combination of the followinga combination of the following

Analysis of the internal consistency & quality of the design modelAnalysis of the internal consistency & quality of the design model

Analysis of consistency with the requirements modelsAnalysis of consistency with the requirements models

Translation into implementation & deployment sets & notations Translation into implementation & deployment sets & notations to evaluate the consistency & completenessto evaluate the consistency & completeness

Analysis of changes between the current version of design model Analysis of changes between the current version of design model & previous version& previous version

Subjective review of other dimensions of qualitySubjective review of other dimensions of quality

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The Engineering Set ( 4 of 5 )The Engineering Set ( 4 of 5 )

Implementation setsImplementation sets are evaluated, assessed & measured through are evaluated, assessed & measured through

a combination of the followinga combination of the following

Analysis of consistency with the design modelsAnalysis of consistency with the design models

Translation into deployment set notations to evaluate Translation into deployment set notations to evaluate

the consistency & completeness among artifact setsthe consistency & completeness among artifact sets

Analysis of changes between the current version of Analysis of changes between the current version of implementation set implementation set

& previous version& previous version Subjective review of other dimensions of qualitySubjective review of other dimensions of quality

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The Engineering Set ( 5 of 5 )The Engineering Set ( 5 of 5 )

Deployment setsDeployment sets are evaluated, assessed & measured through are evaluated, assessed & measured through a combination of the followinga combination of the following

Testing against the usage scenarios & quality attributes defined Testing against the usage scenarios & quality attributes defined in the requirement set to evaluate the consistency & completenessin the requirement set to evaluate the consistency & completeness

Testing the partitioning, replication & allocation strategies in Testing the partitioning, replication & allocation strategies in mapping components of the implementation set to physical mapping components of the implementation set to physical resources of the deployment systemresources of the deployment system

Testing against the defined usage scenarios in the user manual Testing against the defined usage scenarios in the user manual

Analysis of changes between the current version of deployment set Analysis of changes between the current version of deployment set & previous version& previous version

Subjective review of other dimensions of qualitySubjective review of other dimensions of quality

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Life cycle focus on artifacts setsLife cycle focus on artifacts sets

 

   

 

Management  Requirements

Design

   

 

   

Implementation

Deployment

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Artifact Evolution over the Life Artifact Evolution over the Life CycleCycle

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Artifact Evolution over the Life Artifact Evolution over the Life CycleCycle

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Test ArtifactsTest Artifacts

Conventional software testing followed same document driven approach that was appliedConventional software testing followed same document driven approach that was appliedTo software development.To software development.Development team & testing teamDevelopment team & testing team prepare their required procedures in the form of prepare their required procedures in the form of document driven which lead to many problemsdocument driven which lead to many problems

In the modern process exactly same sets,notations & artifacts are used both forIn the modern process exactly same sets,notations & artifacts are used both forTesting & production activities. This forced several engineering disciplines into the processTesting & production activities. This forced several engineering disciplines into the process

The testing artifacts must be developed concurrently with the product from The testing artifacts must be developed concurrently with the product from inception through deploymentinception through deployment

The test artifacts are communicated, engineered & developed within the same artifacts The test artifacts are communicated, engineered & developed within the same artifacts Sets as the developed productSets as the developed product

The test artifacts are implemented as software programsThe test artifacts are implemented as software programs

Testing artifacts are documented similar to product is documentedTesting artifacts are documented similar to product is documented

Developers of test artifacts use the same tools, techniques & training as the softwareDevelopers of test artifacts use the same tools, techniques & training as the software engineers developing the productsengineers developing the products

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Management ArtifactsManagement Artifacts

All the Management artifacts are studied in detailAll the Management artifacts are studied in detail

Business caseBusiness case Software development planSoftware development plan Work Breakdown structureWork Breakdown structure Software change order databaseSoftware change order database Release specificationsRelease specifications Release descriptionsRelease descriptions Status AssessmentStatus Assessment EnvironmentEnvironment DeploymentDeployment

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Engineering ArtifactsEngineering Artifacts

Related Engineering Artifacts are explained forRelated Engineering Artifacts are explained for

Vision DocumentVision Document Architecture DescriptionArchitecture Description Software User ManualSoftware User Manual

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Artifacts sequences across Artifacts sequences across a typical life cyclea typical life cycle

Informal versionInformal version Controlled baselineControlled baseline

Management setManagement set

1.Work breakdown structure 1.Work breakdown structure

2. Business case2. Business case

3. Release Specifications3. Release Specifications

4. Software Development Plan4. Software Development Plan

5.Release Description5.Release Description

6. Status Assessment6. Status Assessment

7. Software change order data7. Software change order data

8. Deployment document8. Deployment document

9. Environment9. Environment

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Artifacts sequences across Artifacts sequences across a typical life cyclea typical life cycle

Informal versionInformal version Controlled baselineControlled baseline

Requirement setRequirement set1.Vision Document1.Vision Document2. Requirement Model(s)2. Requirement Model(s)

Design setDesign set1 Design Model(s)1 Design Model(s)2 Test Model2 Test Model3 Architecture description3 Architecture description

Implementation setImplementation set1. Source code baselines1. Source code baselines2. Associated compile-time files2. Associated compile-time files3. Component executables3. Component executables

Deployment setDeployment set1. Integrated product-executable1. Integrated product-executable baselinesbaselines2. Associated run-time files2. Associated run-time files3. User Manual3. User Manual

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Pragmatic ArtifactsPragmatic Artifacts

Conventional document driven approach is changed to more effective Conventional document driven approach is changed to more effective

Approach which redirect this documentation effort to improving the rigor & Approach which redirect this documentation effort to improving the rigor & Understandability of information source & allowing on-line review of native Understandability of information source & allowing on-line review of native Information source by using smart browsing & navigation toolsInformation source by using smart browsing & navigation tools This philosophy raises the following cultural issuesThis philosophy raises the following cultural issues

People want to review information but don’t understand the languagePeople want to review information but don’t understand the language of the artifactsof the artifacts

People want to review the information but don’t have access to the toolsPeople want to review the information but don’t have access to the tools

Human-readable engineering artifacts should use rigorous notations thatHuman-readable engineering artifacts should use rigorous notations that are complete,consistent & used in a self-documenting mannerare complete,consistent & used in a self-documenting manner

Useful documentation is self-defining : it is documentation that gets usedUseful documentation is self-defining : it is documentation that gets used

Paper is tangible;electronic artifacts are too easy to changePaper is tangible;electronic artifacts are too easy to change