2.2.5 Respiration

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Q. Yeast cells produce ethanol in fermentation. Is this process affected by temperature? Explain your answer.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Write a balanced equation to summarise aerobic respiration.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Where in the cell does the first stage of respiration occur?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Give two industrial uses of the anaerobic respiration of yeast.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. What is the final product of the first stage of respiration under aerobic conditions?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Pyruvic acid is used for the second stage of respiration. Where does this second stage take place?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. If conditions in a human muscle cell become anaerobic pyruvic acid is converted to another substance. Name this other

substance.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. When lactic acid builds up in the blood, a person is in oxygen debt. This debt must eventually be paid. Suggest how the debt is

paid.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. What is the first stage process of respiration called?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. In the first stage of respiration there is a release of ATP as glucose is converted to another substance. Name this other

substance.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. To what is pyruvic acid converted under anaerobic conditions in yeast?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Under aerobic conditions pyruvic acid is converted to an acetyl group and in the process a small molecule is released.

Name this molecule.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. In respiration acetyl co-enzyme A enters a cycle of reactions. What name is given to this cycle?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. To what is pyruvic acid converted under anaerobic conditions in a human muscle cell?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Is oxygen required for the first stage of respiration?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. To what might pyruvic acid be converted, in the absence of oxygen?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Where in the cell does Kreb’s Cycle take place?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. What is the cytosol?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. What is fermentation?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Is oxygen required for the second stage of aerobic respiration?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Suggest a situation in which some cells in the human body may not be able to engage in the second stage of aerobic

respiration.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. What term is used to describe respiration in which only Stage 1 occurs?

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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Q. Name an organism that is used in industrial fermentation.

Aerobic requires oxygen; Anaerobic does not

Baking; Brewing

Cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide

Increased breathing (deeper or faster) or oxidation of

lactic acid

Glycolysis

Ethanol and CO2

Cytoplasm minus organelles; Liquid part of cytoplasm

Lack of oxygen; Strenuous exercise; Restricted blood

supply

Mitochondrion

No

Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate)

Kreb’s cycle

Yes

Yeast

Yes. Rate of enzyme action affected by temperature

Anaerobic respiration; Respiration that produces

ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid

Lactic acid

Anaerobic: Fermentation

Lactic acid; Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O

CONGRATULATIONS

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